EP0041680B1 - Apparatus for introducing highly reactive substances to a molten-metal bath - Google Patents

Apparatus for introducing highly reactive substances to a molten-metal bath Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0041680B1
EP0041680B1 EP81104193A EP81104193A EP0041680B1 EP 0041680 B1 EP0041680 B1 EP 0041680B1 EP 81104193 A EP81104193 A EP 81104193A EP 81104193 A EP81104193 A EP 81104193A EP 0041680 B1 EP0041680 B1 EP 0041680B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refractory material
immersion
filling tube
converter
feed pipe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81104193A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0041680A1 (en
Inventor
Günther Beele
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG
Original Assignee
Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG filed Critical Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG
Priority to AT81104193T priority Critical patent/ATE6433T1/en
Publication of EP0041680A1 publication Critical patent/EP0041680A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0041680B1 publication Critical patent/EP0041680B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/02Dephosphorising or desulfurising
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0056Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 using cored wires

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for introducing strongly reacting additives into a molten metal, in particular for introducing magnesium into an molten iron for the production of spheroidal graphite cast iron, consisting of a treatment vessel receiving the molten metal, into which a suspension is attached to a protective cover via a filling tube Immersion bulb can be inserted, which has a reaction chamber in its interior, which can be charged with additives via the filling tube and is connected to the molten metal via contact openings, the immersion bulb consisting of a refractory material which surrounds the filling tube in its section protruding into the treatment vessel .
  • the immersion bulb is made of refractory material. manufactured, the filling tube is directly surrounded by a refractory mass.
  • the immersion bulb is given a certain stability in the area of the reaction chamber by a basket-like metal reinforcement, which is also surrounded by the refractory mass. To fix the immersion bulb on the filling tube, it is flared at its end.
  • the object on which the invention is based is therefore to avoid the difficulties described above and to provide a device which can withstand both the thermal loads and the high vapor pressures occurring during the reaction.
  • a basket-like metal reinforcement inserted into the refractory material has expansion joints to the refractory material, so that the walls of the immersion bulb are not destroyed by the high temperature and the extreme reactions.
  • the fiber reinforcement of the refractory material is to be produced from austenitic stainless steel sections which are uniformly mixed into the mass.
  • 1 denotes an immersion bulb, which is used for introducing strongly reacting additives into a molten metal 2.
  • the molten metal 2 is received in a treatment vessel 3, which is closed by a protective cover 4.
  • a filler tube 5 is guided through the protective cover 4 and receives the hanging immersion bulb 1 at one end, the immersion bulb 1 being made of a refractory material which at the same time encases the filler tube 5 on its section protruding into the treatment vessel 3.
  • the immersion bulb 1 has a reaction chamber 7 in its interior, which is connected to the molten metal 2 via contact openings 8.
  • a flange 9, which is embedded in the refractory mass 6, at the end of the filling tube 5 on the diving bulb side serves to fasten the diving bulb 1 to the filling tube 5.
  • An expansion gap 11 is arranged between the filling pipe 5 and the refractory mass 6 and between the flange 9 and the fastening flange 10 on the protective cover 4 and the refractory mass 6.
  • a basket-like metal reinforcement 12 is connected, which, inserted into the refractory mass 6, surrounds the reaction chamber 7.
  • 6 expansion joints 13 are provided between the metal reinforcement 12 and the refractory mass.
  • the refractory mass 6 is given increased stability in that a fiber reinforcement 14, which consists of austenitic stainless steel sections, is uniformly mixed into the mass 6.
  • the filling tube 5 is sealed by a sealing plug 15 to seal the reaction chamber 7 during the treatment.
  • the dip bulb fill tube unit 1, 5 fiction, ge According to a high stability are given, so that destruction of the device due to a high temperature development and high gas pressures during the reaction are basically avoided.
  • a break in the area of the attachment between the immersion bulb 1 and the filling tube 5 can therefore be ruled out because the flange 9 serves as a secure fastening means and the cracking that previously occurred due to the different expansion of the filling tube 5 and the refractory mass 6 due to the expansion gaps 11 is completely eliminated.
  • the stability and elasticity of the refractory mass 6 both in the area of the immersion bulb 1 and in the area of the casing of the filling tube 5 can be considerably improved with the aid of the fiber reinforcement 14.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)

Abstract

The lowermost end of a filling tube which extends through a protective top into a vessel containing a melt includes a support flange which mounts a dip container inside the vessel. The dip container is shaped to define an internal reaction chamber below the lowermost end of the filling tube and to provide communication between the internal reaction chamber and the melt. It includes a basket-shaped metal container which is attached to the support flange and an outer sheath formed of a reinforcing material-containing refractory, the outer sheath covering both the metal container and the filling tube up to a point near the protective top so as to leave an expansion joint between it and each of the metal containers, the filling tube and the protective top.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zum Einführen stark reagierender Zusätze in eine Metallschmelze, insbesondere zum Einführen von Magnesium in eine Eisenschmelze zur Herstellung von Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit, bestehend aus einem die Metallschmelze aufnehmenden Behandlungsgefäß, in das eine über ein Füllrohr an einem Schutzdeckel hängend befestigte Tauchbirne einführbar ist, die in ihrem Inneren eine Reaktionskammer aufweist, welche über das Füllrohr mit Zusätzen beschickbar ist und über Kontaktöffnungen mit der Metallschmelze in Verbindung steht, wobei die Tauchbirne aus einem feuerfesten Material besteht, welches das Füllrohr in seinem in das Behandlungsgefäß hineinragenden Abschnitt umgibt.The invention relates to a device for introducing strongly reacting additives into a molten metal, in particular for introducing magnesium into an molten iron for the production of spheroidal graphite cast iron, consisting of a treatment vessel receiving the molten metal, into which a suspension is attached to a protective cover via a filling tube Immersion bulb can be inserted, which has a reaction chamber in its interior, which can be charged with additives via the filling tube and is connected to the molten metal via contact openings, the immersion bulb consisting of a refractory material which surrounds the filling tube in its section protruding into the treatment vessel .

Bei einer bekannten Vorrichtung (DE-OS 2 208 960) ist die Tauchbirne aus feuerfestem Material. hergestellt, wobei das Füllrohr direkt von einer feuerfesten Masse umgeben ist. Der Tauchbirne wird dabei im Bereich der Reaktionskammer eine gewisse Stabilität durch eine korbartige Metallarmierung, die ebenfalls von der feuerfesten Masse umgeben ist, verliehen. Zur Fixierung der Tauchbirne am Füllrohr ist dieses an seinem Ende konisch erweitert.In a known device (DE-OS 2 208 960) the immersion bulb is made of refractory material. manufactured, the filling tube is directly surrounded by a refractory mass. The immersion bulb is given a certain stability in the area of the reaction chamber by a basket-like metal reinforcement, which is also surrounded by the refractory mass. To fix the immersion bulb on the filling tube, it is flared at its end.

Die starke Erwärmung des Füllrohres und die verpuffungsartigen Reaktionen in der Tauchbirne während des Eintauchvorganges führen zur Rißbildung und häufig zur Zerstörung des feuerfesten Materials der Tauchbirne oder des Füllrohres im Bereich ihrer Verbindung, so daß sich der Inhalt der Reaktionskammer während des Tauchvorganges schlagartig und unkontrolliert in die Metallschmelze ergießen kann. Diese schlagartige Verbindung großer Mengen der Zusätze mit der MetaHschmetze führt zu Überreaktionen, die eine Zerstörung des Behandlungsgefäßes bzw. des Schutzdeckels und somit ein Aus- bzw. Überlaufen der Metallschmelze zur Folge haben kann. Dadurch besteht für das anwesende Bedienungspersonal erhöhte Unfallgefahr. Eine Rißbildung und Zerstörung während des Tauchvorgangs tritt bei der bekannten Tauchbirne in erster Linie im Bereich des ummantelten Füllrohres und zwar an der Befestigung des Füllrohres an der Tauchbirne, weiterhin aber auch an der die Reaktionskammer umgebenden Wandung auf.The strong heating of the filling tube and the deflagration-like reactions in the immersion bulb during the immersion process lead to the formation of cracks and often to the destruction of the refractory material of the immersion bulb or the filling tube in the area of their connection, so that the contents of the reaction chamber suddenly and uncontrollably into the immersion process Can pour molten metal. This sudden connection of large amounts of the additives with the MetaHschmetze leads to overreactions, which can result in the destruction of the treatment vessel or the protective cover and thus an outflow or overflow of the molten metal. This increases the risk of accidents for the operating personnel present. Cracking and destruction during the immersion process occurs in the known immersion bulb primarily in the area of the coated filling tube, specifically on the fastening of the filling tube to the immersion bulb, but also also on the wall surrounding the reaction chamber.

Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe besteht somit darin, die vorstehend beschriebenen Schwierigkeiten zu vermeiden und eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, die sowohl den thermischen Belastungen als auch den hohen, bei der Reaktion auftretenden Dampfdrücken standhält.The object on which the invention is based is therefore to avoid the difficulties described above and to provide a device which can withstand both the thermal loads and the high vapor pressures occurring during the reaction.

Diese Aufgabe wird an einer Vorrichtung der in Rede stehenden Gattung durch die im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 aufgeführten Merkmale gelöst. Durch die Verwendung eines feuerfesten Materials aus einer Masse mit einer Faserverstärkung wird die Stabilität sowohl der Tauchbirne als auch des das Füllrohr ummantelnden Materials erheblich erhöht. Dabei ist die Tauchbirne an einem Flansch des Füllrohres befestigt, so daß sie im Übergangsbereich frei von radialen Belastungen ist, welche andernfalls ein Zerspringen des feuerfesten Materials zur Folge hätten. Weiterhin ist durch die Anordnung eines Dehnungsspalts zwischen dem Füllrohr, dem Flansch und dem Schutzdeckel einerseits sowie dem feuerfesten Material andererseits gewährleistet, daß die aufgrund der hohen Temperatur auftretenden unterschiedlichen Dehnungen nicht zu Rissen im feuerfesten Material und somit zur Zerstörung der Vorrichtung führen.This object is achieved on a device of the type in question by the features listed in the characterizing part of claim 1. By using a refractory material made from a mass with a fiber reinforcement, the stability of both the immersion bulb and the material encasing the filling tube is considerably increased. The immersion bulb is attached to a flange of the filling tube so that it is free of radial loads in the transition area, which would otherwise result in the refractory material shattering. Furthermore, the arrangement of an expansion gap between the filling tube, the flange and the protective cover on the one hand and the refractory material on the other hand ensures that the different expansions occurring due to the high temperature do not lead to cracks in the refractory material and thus to the destruction of the device.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß eine in das feuerfeste Material eingesetzte korbartige Metallarmierung zu dem feuerfesten Material hin Dehnfugen aufweist, so daß die Wandungen der Tauchbirne nicht durch die hohe Temperatur und die extremen Reaktionen zerstört werden. Außerdem soll die Faserverstärkung des feuerfesten Materials aus gleichmäßig in die Masse eingemischten austenitischen Edelstahlabschnitten hergestellt werden.In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that a basket-like metal reinforcement inserted into the refractory material has expansion joints to the refractory material, so that the walls of the immersion bulb are not destroyed by the high temperature and the extreme reactions. In addition, the fiber reinforcement of the refractory material is to be produced from austenitic stainless steel sections which are uniformly mixed into the mass.

Zur weiteren Erläuterung der Erfindung wird auf die Zeichung verwiesen, in der ein Ausführungsbeispiel vereinfacht dargestellt ist.To further explain the invention, reference is made to the drawing, in which an exemplary embodiment is shown in simplified form.

In der Fig. ist mit 1 eine Tauchbirne bezeichnet, die zum Einbringen stark reagierender Zusätze in eine Metallschmelze 2 dient. Die Metallschmelze 2 wird dabei von einem Behandlungsgefäß 3 aufgenommen, welches durch einen Schutzdeckel 4 verschlossen ist. Durch den Schutzdeckel 4 hindurch ist ein Füllrohr 5 geführt, das an seinem einen Ende die hängende Tauchbirne 1 aufnimmt, wobei die Tauchbirne 1 aus einem feuerfesten Material hergestellt ist, welches zugleich das Füllrohr 5 an seinem in das Behandlungsgefäß 3 hineinragenden Abschnitt ummantelt. Die Tauchbirne 1 weist in ihrem Inneren eine Reaktionskammer 7 auf, welche über Kontaktöffnungen 8 mit der Metallschmelze 2 in Verbindung steht.In the figure, 1 denotes an immersion bulb, which is used for introducing strongly reacting additives into a molten metal 2. The molten metal 2 is received in a treatment vessel 3, which is closed by a protective cover 4. A filler tube 5 is guided through the protective cover 4 and receives the hanging immersion bulb 1 at one end, the immersion bulb 1 being made of a refractory material which at the same time encases the filler tube 5 on its section protruding into the treatment vessel 3. The immersion bulb 1 has a reaction chamber 7 in its interior, which is connected to the molten metal 2 via contact openings 8.

Zur Befestigung der Tauchbirne 1 am Füllrohr 5 dient ein Flansch 9 am tauchbirnenseitigen Ende des Füllrohres 5, der in die feuerfeste Masse 6 eingebettet ist. Sowohl zwischen dem Füllrohr 5 und der feuerfesten Masse 6 als auch zwischen dem Flansch 9 sowie dem Befestigungsflansch 10 am Schutzdeckel 4 und der feuerfesten Masse 6 ist ein Dehnungsspalt 11 angeordnet. Mit dem Flansch 9 steht eine korbartige Metallarmierung 12 in Verbindung, die in die feuerfeste Masse 6 eingesetzt die Reaktionskammer 7 umgibt. Dabei sind zwischen der Metallarmierung 12 und der feuerfesten Masse 6 Dehnfugen 13 vorgesehen. Außerdem wird der feuerfesten Masse 6 eine erhöhte Stabilität dadurch verliehen, daß in die Masse 6 eine Faserverstärkung 14, die aus austenitischen Edelstahlabschnitten besteht, gleichmäßig eingemischt ist. Das Füllrohr 5 wird zur Abdichtung der Reaktionskammer 7 während der Behandlung durch einen Verschlußstopfen 15 abgedichtet.A flange 9, which is embedded in the refractory mass 6, at the end of the filling tube 5 on the diving bulb side serves to fasten the diving bulb 1 to the filling tube 5. An expansion gap 11 is arranged between the filling pipe 5 and the refractory mass 6 and between the flange 9 and the fastening flange 10 on the protective cover 4 and the refractory mass 6. With the flange 9, a basket-like metal reinforcement 12 is connected, which, inserted into the refractory mass 6, surrounds the reaction chamber 7. 6 expansion joints 13 are provided between the metal reinforcement 12 and the refractory mass. In addition, the refractory mass 6 is given increased stability in that a fiber reinforcement 14, which consists of austenitic stainless steel sections, is uniformly mixed into the mass 6. The filling tube 5 is sealed by a sealing plug 15 to seal the reaction chamber 7 during the treatment.

Wie aus der Zeichnung hervorgeht, kann der Tauchbirnen-Füllrohreinheit 1, 5 erfindungsgemäß eine hohe Stabilität verliehen werden, so daß Zerstörungen der Vorrichtung infolge einer hohen Temperaturentwicklung und hoher Gasdrücke während der Reaktion grundsätzlich vermieden werden.As can be seen from the drawing, the dip bulb fill tube unit 1, 5 fiction, ge According to a high stability are given, so that destruction of the device due to a high temperature development and high gas pressures during the reaction are basically avoided.

Ein Bruch im Bereich der Befestigung zwischen der Tauchbirne 1 und dem Füllrohr 5 kann daher ausgeschlossen werden, weil der Flansch 9 als sicheres Befestigungsmittel dient und die Rißbildung, die bisher aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Dehnung von Füllrohr 5 und feuerfester Masse 6 auftrat, durch die Dehnungsspalte 11 völlig eliminiert wird. Gleiches gilt für die Metallarmierung 12, bei der aufgrund der vorhandenen Dehnfugen 13 auch eine temperaturbedingte Dehnung ermöglicht wird. Die Stabilität und Elastizität der feuerfesten Masse 6 sowohl im Bereich der Tauchbirne 1 als auch im Bereich der Ummantelung des Füllrohres 5 kann mit Hilfe der Faserverstärkung 14 erheblich verbessert werden.A break in the area of the attachment between the immersion bulb 1 and the filling tube 5 can therefore be ruled out because the flange 9 serves as a secure fastening means and the cracking that previously occurred due to the different expansion of the filling tube 5 and the refractory mass 6 due to the expansion gaps 11 is completely eliminated. The same applies to the metal reinforcement 12, in which, due to the existing expansion joints 13, a temperature-related expansion is also made possible. The stability and elasticity of the refractory mass 6 both in the area of the immersion bulb 1 and in the area of the casing of the filling tube 5 can be considerably improved with the aid of the fiber reinforcement 14.

Claims (3)

1. A device for feeding a highly reactive substance into a bath of molten metal, particularly for feeding magnesium into molten iron for producing cast-iron containing nodular graphite, the device comprising a processing vessel which serves to hold the molten metal and into which an immersion converter suspendedly fastened via a feed pipe to a cover is insertable, the interior of the converter having a reaction chamber which is arranged to be charged through the feed pipe with the substance and which is provided with apertures to permit communication with the bath of molten metal, in which the immersion converter is made of a refractory material which also surrounds that portion of the feed pipe that projects into the processing vessel, characterized in that the refractory material is a fibre (14) - reinforced mass (6), that the end of the feed pipe (5) projecting into the reaction chamber (7) of the immersion converter (1) is provided with a flange (9), and in that an expansion gap (11) is arranged between the refractory material, on the one hand, and the feed pipe (5), the flange (9) and the cover (4), on the other hand.
2. A device for feeding a highly reactive substance into a bath of molten metal according to claim 1, in which a basket-like metal sheath is inserted into the refractory material of the immersion converter, characterized in that expansion gaps (13) are provided between the metal sheath (12) and the refractory material.
3. A device according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that cuttings of austenitic stainless steel evenly distributed in the mass (6) constitute the fibre reinforcement (14) of the refractory material.
EP81104193A 1980-06-10 1981-06-02 Apparatus for introducing highly reactive substances to a molten-metal bath Expired EP0041680B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81104193T ATE6433T1 (en) 1980-06-10 1981-06-02 DEVICE FOR INTRODUCING STRONGLY REACTIVE ADDITIVES INTO A METAL METAL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3021707 1980-06-10
DE19803021707 DE3021707A1 (en) 1980-06-10 1980-06-10 DEVICE FOR IMPORTING HIGHLY REACTIVE ADDITIVES INTO A METAL MELT

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0041680A1 EP0041680A1 (en) 1981-12-16
EP0041680B1 true EP0041680B1 (en) 1984-02-29

Family

ID=6104239

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81104193A Expired EP0041680B1 (en) 1980-06-10 1981-06-02 Apparatus for introducing highly reactive substances to a molten-metal bath

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4447046A (en)
EP (1) EP0041680B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5713112A (en)
AT (1) ATE6433T1 (en)
CH (1) CH646196A5 (en)
DE (2) DE3021707A1 (en)
SU (1) SU1056910A3 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012113089A1 (en) 2011-02-26 2012-08-30 Visplay International Ag Device for displaying articles

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CS265400B1 (en) * 1987-09-24 1989-10-13 Jaroslav Ing Csc Polak Process for adding evaporable and meltable additives in melt ferrous alloys and device for making this process
CH679987A5 (en) * 1989-11-28 1992-05-29 Fischer Ag Georg
FR2659354B1 (en) * 1990-03-07 1992-05-07 Pechiney Aluminium PACKAGING FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF LIGHT METAL INTO AN ALUMINUM ALLOY IN A LIQUID STATE.
IT1278916B1 (en) * 1995-01-05 1997-11-28 Benet Di Bennati Ettore METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE TREATMENT OF METAL BATHS WITH LOW OR HIGH GAS DEVELOPMENT REACTION MATERIALS
CN112404372B (en) * 2020-11-20 2021-12-14 国铭铸管股份有限公司 Speed-controlled rotational flow spheroidizing method for nodular cast iron in ladle

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2208960C3 (en) * 1972-02-25 1982-06-24 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Immersion vessel made of refractory material for introducing pure magnesium into a cast iron melt
GB1404011A (en) * 1972-06-21 1975-08-28 Foseco Int Apparatus for introducing volatile materials into metal melts
DE2331783C3 (en) * 1973-06-22 1986-11-13 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Immersion vessel with walls made of refractory material for introducing pure magnesium into a cast iron melt
DE2558072C3 (en) * 1975-12-22 1978-09-21 Micheal Donald Ellwood City Pa. Labate (V.St.A.) Method and device for introducing desulphurizing or alloying additives below the metal bath level
CH638242A5 (en) * 1978-01-06 1983-09-15 Fischer Ag Georg METHOD FOR DESULFURING LARGE QUANTITIES OF MELTING IRON, STEEL OR CAST IRON.

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012113089A1 (en) 2011-02-26 2012-08-30 Visplay International Ag Device for displaying articles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH646196A5 (en) 1984-11-15
JPS6362565B2 (en) 1988-12-02
DE3021707A1 (en) 1981-12-17
EP0041680A1 (en) 1981-12-16
SU1056910A3 (en) 1983-11-23
JPS5713112A (en) 1982-01-23
DE3162420D1 (en) 1984-04-05
US4447046A (en) 1984-05-08
ATE6433T1 (en) 1984-03-15

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