EP0041475A1 - Method of manufacturing an ignition device for an internal-combustion engine, and ignition device obtained thereby - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing an ignition device for an internal-combustion engine, and ignition device obtained thereby Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0041475A1
EP0041475A1 EP81810184A EP81810184A EP0041475A1 EP 0041475 A1 EP0041475 A1 EP 0041475A1 EP 81810184 A EP81810184 A EP 81810184A EP 81810184 A EP81810184 A EP 81810184A EP 0041475 A1 EP0041475 A1 EP 0041475A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
capsule
insulating body
base
central
metal
Prior art date
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Application number
EP81810184A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-François Tromeur
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ESPADA ANSTALT
ESPADA ANSTALT UNIVERSAL MARKETING
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ESPADA ANSTALT
ESPADA ANSTALT UNIVERSAL MARKETING
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Publication of EP0041475A1 publication Critical patent/EP0041475A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/54—Sparking plugs having electrodes arranged in a partly-enclosed ignition chamber

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a plasma ignition device for an internal combustion engine, suitable in particular for igniting lean and / or hydrogenated mixtures and / or activated by catalysts, comprising an insulating body in which is formed an axial central bore arranged to receive an axial metal central electrode, a metal base comprising an axial central bore for housing the lower part of said insulating body and for securing the device on the engine block.
  • the present invention proposes to produce an ignition device of the aforementioned type, which does not require any fundamental modification of the engine.
  • the ignition device according to the invention retains, in its most general appearance, the shapes and external dimensions of a conventional spark plug comprising an insulating body containing an axial central electrode, and fixed in a threaded base arranged for attach the spark plug to the engine block and dissipate the heat from the insulating body.
  • the present invention proposes to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks, by producing a device ignition allowing a plasma ignition of lean mixtures without fundamental modification of the engine, and by developing manufacturing and assembly techniques for this ignition device which can be produced by means of the fundamental components of conventional spark plugs .
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the metal central electrode is fixed to the insulating body and the insulating body to the metal base by means of a ceramic-metal brazing technique, in that the a metal capsule of generally cylindrical shape is produced comprising a central cavity forming a pre-combustion chamber and having a central circular opening on each of these flat faces, in that this capsule is subjected to a surface treatment to make it resistant at the high temperatures created by the plasma, and in that it is welded, by a technique of approximation under Joule effect, said capsule previously treated at the lower end of the base, so that the upper circular opening, provided in one of the flat faces of the capsule, is concentric with the end of the insulating body, and the free end of the central electrode is disposed substantially concentrically with respect to the opening lower circular part of the other flat face of the capsule.
  • the ignition device obtained by this process is characterized in that the central electrode is brazed to the insulating body, in that the insulating body is brazed to the base, and in that the ground electrode is constituted by a metal capsule of generally cylindrical shape comprising a central cavity forming a combustion chamber and a central circular opening on each of its flat faces, this capsule having previously undergone a surface treatment making it resistant to the high temperatures created by the plasma, and being fixed to the lower end of the base so that the central electrode is disposed in the pre-combustion chamber, substantially concentrically with respect to the lower opening of its flat face.
  • the ignition device hereinafter called convector l, essentially consists of an insulating body 2, an axial central electrode 3 housed inside the insulating body 2, and a base 4 which contains the lower part of the insulating body 2.
  • the central electrode consists of a middle section 5 in the form of a substantially cylindrical rod housed inside a bore cylindrical 6 of the insulating body 2.
  • the upper end 7 is at least partially externally threaded to allow the screwing of a connection olive.
  • a cap 8 is fixed which covers and protects the upper point of the insulating body 2.
  • the lower end 9 of the central electrode exceeds the lower point of the body insulator 2 and cooperates with the ground electrode to create the spark, as in a conventional spark plug.
  • the central electrode is fixed to the insulating body by a brazing technique which will be described in more detail below, in such a way that the soldering makes it possible to fix the central electrode to the insulating body at its coldest point. that is to say its upper end and that the seal is perfectly ensured.
  • the base 4 of the convector shown has a thread intended to fix the convector to the engine block, to constitute both the mechanical connection and the thermal bridge intended to dissipate the heat of the insulator.
  • a brazing technique was used to fix the insulating body 2 in the central bore in the base 4.
  • the insulating body 2 made of ceramic, produced with precision, includes support shoulders 11 and 12 which cooperate with corresponding shoulders formed in the base 4, to ensure precise seating of the insulating body inside the base.
  • the brazing technique consists in metallizing the surface of the ceramic beforehand using a spray of molybdenum and manganese powder.
  • a tube made of a metallic alloy for example an alloy marketed under the Dilver type, preferably having a coefficient of expansion intermediate between those of the ceramic and the steel of the base, and to introduce these elements pre-assembled in position in the base.
  • the tube 13 will at least partially surround the lower part of the insulating body 2 and will be disposed opposite an annular recess 14, formed in the wall of the base 4, to allow deformation of the tube 13.
  • brazing rod 16 for example of a copper-silver alloy
  • the assembly will be subjected to a heat treatment, by passing through the convector, a furnace passing under a reducing atmosphere at high temperature, which will cause the fusion of the brazing rod and its ascent by capillarity between the tube 13, the insulating body 2 and the metal base 4.
  • This new technique eliminates the mechanical shocks of the crimping as it was carried out within the framework of the manufacture of conventional candles, and allows to have a brazing surface of the order of 330 m, which allows a much greater dissipation. and considerably increases the polythermia of the convector.
  • This brazing operation simultaneously ensures internal sealing at the central electrode and the terminal screw. To do this, it is also sufficient to place brazing rods 16a, 16b, so that this molten material flows along the central electrode 5 and the cap 8 and ensures the brazing of the central electrode and the cap 8 on the insulating body 2.
  • This manufacturing technique makes it possible to eliminate the mechanical forces and shocks due to the crimping of conventional spark plugs, forces and shocks which can cause tensions which cannot be detected when cold, but which can cause the rupture of the insulating body following successive thermal shocks. during the operation of the internal combustion engine.
  • the lower end of the convector comprises a capsule 17, which constitutes the ground electrode of this convector.
  • This ground electrode which will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, is welded to the lower edge of the base 4, by a technique of welding by bringing together under the Joule effect.
  • this element is preferably constituted by a generally cylindrical part produced by turning, treated during an appropriate surface treatment operation, then soldered on the base.
  • the capsule 17 comprises a central cavity 18 communi - as with two circular openings 19 and 20.
  • the upper opening 19 defines with the side wall of the cylindrical body of the capsule 17, a board 21 intended to be fixed to the lower annular edge of the base 4.
  • the lower opening 20 defines an annular edge 22 which constitutes the active edge of the ground electrode of the convector.
  • the capsule 17 has three flats 23, into which respectively open three bores. 24 which communicate with the interior cavity 18.
  • the capsule 17 In order for the capsule 17 to be able to withstand the high temperatures created by the plasma, it undergoes a surface treatment which is preferably a chromium cementation treatment and in particular a hard chromization treatment, which makes it possible to obtain a layer relatively fine formed of chromium carbide of a very high hardness.
  • a surface treatment which is preferably a chromium cementation treatment and in particular a hard chromization treatment, which makes it possible to obtain a layer relatively fine formed of chromium carbide of a very high hardness.
  • a surface treatment which is preferably a chromium cementation treatment and in particular a hard chromization treatment, which makes it possible to obtain a layer relatively fine formed of chromium carbide of a very high hardness.
  • a surface treatment which is preferably a chromium cementation treatment and in particular a hard chromization treatment, which makes it possible to obtain a layer relatively fine formed of chromium carbide of a very
  • the convection candle or convector provided with its capsule acting as precombustion chamber, allows the mixture to be previously compressed in this prechamber, to be ignited by a rotary electric discharge having the forms an ionizing iris, causing the plasma which activates the chain reaction of combustion in the main chamber of the engine cylinder.
  • One of the advantages of the convection capsule is that it makes it possible to use the components of conventional candles with prominent insulating tips, at the end of the base of which the convection capsule is welded replacing the conventional mass electrode.
  • a small aluminum alloy centering tube is used which is introduced into the opening 20 of the capsule (see FIG. 2) and on the end 9 (see FIG. 1) of the central electrode 3.
  • the internal diameter of the centering tube corresponds substantially to the external diameter of the end 9 of the central electrode, and its external diameter corresponds substantially to the internal diameter of the circular opening 20 of the capsule.
  • the thickness of the walls of the centering tube is substantially equal to the difference in the diameters of the opening 20 and from the end 9 of the central electrode.
  • the ignition device or convector in which the heat dissipation is greatly improved, has the advantage of being polythermic. Therefore, a single convector, by its thermal elasticity, can advantageously replace a range of conventional candles, each of which corresponds to a low range of thermicity.
  • An ignition system using the ignition device as described, can advantageously be supplemented by a high frequency pulsed current generator, with the aim of promoting the formation of a plasma.

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  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif, appelé convecteur d'allumage, comportant, comme les bougies conventionnelles, un corps isolant (2) contenant une électrode centrale (3) et un culot métallique (4) dans lequel est fixé le corps isolant. L'électrode de masse des bougies conventionnelles est remplacée par une capsule circulaire (17) soudée à la base du culot, après avoir subi un traitement de chromisation dure. Le culot comporte un évidementannulaire (14) ménagé dans l'épaisseur de sa paroi, et est soudé au corps isolant en céramique (2) par brasage.Device, called an ignition convector, comprising, like conventional spark plugs, an insulating body (2) containing a central electrode (3) and a metal base (4) in which the insulating body is fixed. The mass electrode of conventional candles is replaced by a circular capsule (17) welded to the base of the base, after having undergone a hard chromizing treatment. The base has an annular recess (14) formed in the thickness of its wall, and is welded to the ceramic insulating body (2) by brazing.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif d'allumage à plasma pour moteur à combustion interne, adapté en particulier pour l'allumage des mélanges pauvres et/ou hydrogénés et/ou activés par des catalyseurs, comportant un corps isolant dans lequel est ménagé un alésage central axial agencé pour recevoir une électrode centrale métallique axiale, un culot métallique comprenant un alésage central axial pour loger la partie inférieure dudit corps isolant et pour assurer la fixation du dispositif sur le bloc moteur.The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a plasma ignition device for an internal combustion engine, suitable in particular for igniting lean and / or hydrogenated mixtures and / or activated by catalysts, comprising an insulating body in which is formed an axial central bore arranged to receive an axial metal central electrode, a metal base comprising an axial central bore for housing the lower part of said insulating body and for securing the device on the engine block.

Elle concerne également un dispositif d'allumage obtenu par ce procédé.It also relates to an ignition device obtained by this process.

Les chercheurs se polarisent actuellement à vouloir étendre la plage de fonctionnement utile des moteurs d'automobiles à combustion interne vers des mélanges de carburants beaucoup plus pauvres, permettant une augmentation de rendement du moteur avec une consommation moindre, tout en diminuant les températures de combustion et réduisant de ce fait l'émission des NO . On a constaté qu'en-dessous d'un certain mélange pauvre, le rendement du moteur diminue, la proportion des ratés augmente de façon exponentielle, jusqu'à ce que la combustion disparaisse complètement. On pense qu'une des raisons de ces difficultés provient du fait que le rendement est limité par la vitesse de la flamme qui ralentit à mesure que le mélange s'appauvrit. On a tenté de remédier à ce problème, par exemple au moyen de techniques de brassage par turbulence et par la mise en place de points d'allumage multiples. Cependant, toutes ces conceptions exigent un certain degré de transformation des moteurs. D'une façon générale, les chercheurs se sont heurtés à la forme de la bougie conventionnelle.Researchers are currently focusing on extending the useful operating range of internal combustion automobile engines to much poorer fuel mixtures, allowing an increase in engine efficiency with less consumption, while reducing combustion temperatures and thereby reducing the emission of NO. It has been found that below a certain lean mixture, the engine efficiency decreases, the proportion of misfires increases exponentially, until the combustion disappears completely. It is believed that one of the reasons for these difficulties stems from the fact that the yield is limited by the speed of the flame which slows down as the mixture becomes lean. Attempts have been made to remedy this problem, for example by means of turbulence stirring techniques and by setting up multiple ignition points. However, all of these con ceptions require a certain degree of engine transformation. In general, researchers have come up against the shape of the conventional candle.

L'examen du processus d'allumage, en tant que domaine susceptible d'amélioration, a permis de trouver que le moyen d'enflammer un mélange pauvre de façon plus fiable pourrait être atteint en augmentant l'énergie de décharge et/ou déplaçant le noyau d'allumage à travers la chambre de combustion à l'aide de forces électromagnétiques. Les premiers résultats montrent qu'un tel système pourrait être réalisé par le fait qu'un petit volume de mélange est ionisé, et porté à très haute température au moyen d'une décharge pulsée à haute énergie. Le volume de plasma enflammé est poussé dans la chambre de combustion principale par des forces d'auto-induction.Examination of the ignition process, as an area for improvement, has found that the means to ignite a lean mixture more reliably could be achieved by increasing the discharge energy and / or displacing the ignition core through the combustion chamber using electromagnetic forces. The first results show that such a system could be achieved by the fact that a small volume of mixture is ionized, and brought to very high temperature by means of a pulsed discharge at high energy. The volume of ignited plasma is pushed into the main combustion chamber by self-inducing forces.

Cette idée a été appliquée sous un certain aspect dans le moteur HONDA Civic, qui nécessite une nouvelle culasse et une troisième soupape dans une préchambre de combustion où un faible volume de mélange riche est allumé, et agit sous la forme d'un chalumeau pour enflammer le mélange pauvre de la chambre principale. L'inconvénient de ce système est qu'il nécessite une transformation complète du moteur, qui doit être équipé d'une culasse spéciale.This idea has been applied in a certain aspect in the HONDA Civic engine, which requires a new cylinder head and a third valve in a combustion prechamber where a small volume of rich mixture is ignited, and acts in the form of a torch to ignite the poor mix of the master bedroom. The disadvantage of this system is that it requires a complete transformation of the engine, which must be equipped with a special cylinder head.

La présente invention se propose de réaliser un dispositif d'allumage du type susmentionné, qui ne nécessite aucune modification fondamentale du moteur. Au contraire, le dispositif d'allumage selon l'invention conserve, dans son aspect le plus général, les formes et les dimensions extérieures d'une bougie conventionnelle comportant un corps isolant contenant une électrode centrale axiale, et fixé dans un culot fileté agencé pour fixer la bougie sur le bloc moteur et dissiper la chaleur du corps isolant.The present invention proposes to produce an ignition device of the aforementioned type, which does not require any fundamental modification of the engine. On the contrary, the ignition device according to the invention retains, in its most general appearance, the shapes and external dimensions of a conventional spark plug comprising an insulating body containing an axial central electrode, and fixed in a threaded base arranged for attach the spark plug to the engine block and dissipate the heat from the insulating body.

Les bougies conventionnelles présentent cependant un certain nombre d'inconvénients. Tous les techniciens de l'automobile, ainsi que les fabricants de bougies, savent et reconnaissent les anomalies obtenues avec les bougies conventionnelles qui sont en général fabriquées d'après des procédés anciens, qui consistent à sertir à chaud par moletage les différents composants de la bougie, le corps isolant et le culot. Cette technique provoque une pression très forte sur la céramique au niveau du joint d'étanchéité interne sur le bec de l'isolant. Ce joint d'étanchéité, en alliage à base de laiton et de cuivre, a une épaisseur de 0,10 mm avant le sertissage et un diamètre intérieur de 6 à 7 mm. Pendant l'opération de sertissage, ce joint s'écrase de moitié pour n'avoir plus qu'une épaisseur de 0,05 mm et une surface, après écrasement, de 15 à 18 mm2. C'est par cette surface que se fait la dissipation calorifique en direction du culot métallique fixé à la culasse du moteur. Lors de l'opération de sertissage, l'isolant subit des tensions thermiques et mécaniques qui, sous l'effet des chocs thermiques successifs sur le moteur, peuvent provoquer une cassure au niveau du plan de joint. Cette anomalie est indécelable à froid au moment des contrôles de fabrication. Le même inconvénient se produit également sur l'électrode centrale au niveau de sa jonction d'étanchéité avec la vis interne terminale.However, conventional candles have a number of drawbacks. All automotive technicians, as well as spark plug manufacturers, know and recognize the anomalies obtained with conventional spark plugs which are generally manufactured according to old processes, which consist of hot crimping by knurling the various components of the candle, insulating body and base. This technique causes very strong pressure on the ceramic at the internal seal on the spout of the insulation. This seal, made of an alloy based on brass and copper, has a thickness of 0.10 mm before crimping and an internal diameter of 6 to 7 mm. During the crimping operation, this seal is crushed in half so as to have only a thickness of 0.05 mm and an area, after crushing, of 15 to 18 mm 2 . It is through this surface that heat dissipation takes place in the direction of the metal base fixed to the cylinder head of the engine. During the crimping operation, the insulation undergoes thermal and mechanical stresses which, under the effect of successive thermal shocks on the motor, can cause a break at the joint plane. This anomaly cannot be detected when cold during the manufacturing controls. The same drawback also occurs on the central electrode at its sealing junction with the terminal internal screw.

Les inconvénients dus à ces procédés de fabrication entraînent d'une part une perte importante au moment de la fabrication des bougies conventionnelles, et d'autre part une fiabilité réduite puisque certaines anomalies ne peuvent être décelées qu'après plusieurs heures de fonctionnement.The drawbacks due to these manufacturing processes lead on the one hand to a significant loss at the time of the manufacture of conventional spark plugs, and on the other hand to reduced reliability since certain anomalies can only be detected after several hours of operation.

La présente invention se propose de supprimer les inconvénients précités, en réalisant un dispositif d'allumage permettant de réaliser un allumage à plasma des mélanges pauvres sans modification fondamentale du moteur, et en mettant au point des techniques de fabrication et d'assemblage de ce dispositif d'allumage qui peut être réalisé au moyen des composants fondamentaux des bougies conventionnelles.The present invention proposes to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks, by producing a device ignition allowing a plasma ignition of lean mixtures without fundamental modification of the engine, and by developing manufacturing and assembly techniques for this ignition device which can be produced by means of the fundamental components of conventional spark plugs .

Dans ce but, le procédé selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que l'on fixe l'électrode centrale métallique au corps isolant et le corps isolant au culot métallique au moyen d'une technique de brasage céramique-métal, en ce que l'on fabrique une capsule métallique de forme générale cylindrique comportant une cavité centrale formant chambre de précombustion et ayant une ouverture circulaire centrale sur chacune de ces faces planes, en ce que l'on fait subir à cette capsule un traitement de surface pour la rendre résistante aux hautes températures créées par le plasma, et en ce que l'on soude, par une technique de rapprochement sous effet Joule, ladite capsule préalablement traitée à l'extrémité inférieure du culot, de telle manière que l'ouverture circulaire supérieure, prévue dans l'une des faces planes de la capsule, soit concentrique à l'extrémité du corps isolant, et que l'extrémité libre de l'électrode centrale soit disposée sensiblement concentriquement par rapport à l'ouverture circulaire inférieure de l'autre face plane de la capsule.For this purpose, the method according to the invention is characterized in that the metal central electrode is fixed to the insulating body and the insulating body to the metal base by means of a ceramic-metal brazing technique, in that the a metal capsule of generally cylindrical shape is produced comprising a central cavity forming a pre-combustion chamber and having a central circular opening on each of these flat faces, in that this capsule is subjected to a surface treatment to make it resistant at the high temperatures created by the plasma, and in that it is welded, by a technique of approximation under Joule effect, said capsule previously treated at the lower end of the base, so that the upper circular opening, provided in one of the flat faces of the capsule, is concentric with the end of the insulating body, and the free end of the central electrode is disposed substantially concentrically with respect to the opening lower circular part of the other flat face of the capsule.

Le dispositif d'allumage obtenu par ce procédé est caractérisé en ce que l'électrode centrale est brasée au corps isolant, en ce que le corps isolant est brasé au culot, et en ce que l'électrode de masse est constituée par une capsule métallique de forme générale cylindrique comportant une cavité centrale formant chambre de combustion et une ouverture circulaire centrale sur chacune de ses faces planes, cette capsule ayant préalablement subi un traitement de surface la rendant résistante aux hautes températures créées par le plasma, et étant fixée à l'extrémité inférieure du culot de telle façon que l'électrode centrale soit disposée dans la chambre de précombustion, sensiblement concentriquement par rapport à l'ouverture inférieure de sa face plane.The ignition device obtained by this process is characterized in that the central electrode is brazed to the insulating body, in that the insulating body is brazed to the base, and in that the ground electrode is constituted by a metal capsule of generally cylindrical shape comprising a central cavity forming a combustion chamber and a central circular opening on each of its flat faces, this capsule having previously undergone a surface treatment making it resistant to the high temperatures created by the plasma, and being fixed to the lower end of the base so that the central electrode is disposed in the pre-combustion chamber, substantially concentrically with respect to the lower opening of its flat face.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise en référence à la description d'un exemple de réalisation et du dessin annexé, dans lequel :

  • La figure 1 représente une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une forme de réalisation préférée d'un dispositif d'allumage selon l'invention;
  • la figure 2 représente une vue en coupe longitudinale agrandie de la capsule formant chambre de précombustion, et
  • la figure 3 représente une vue de dessous agrandie de la capsule représentée par la figure 2.
The present invention will be better understood with reference to the description of an exemplary embodiment and the attached drawing, in which:
  • Figure 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a preferred embodiment of an ignition device according to the invention;
  • FIG. 2 represents an enlarged longitudinal section view of the capsule forming a precombustion chamber, and
  • FIG. 3 represents an enlarged bottom view of the capsule represented by FIG. 2.

En référence aux figures et en particulier à la figure 1, le dispositif d'allumage, appelé par la suite convecteur l, se compose essentiellement d'un corps isolant 2, d'une électrode centrale axiale 3 logée à l'intérieur du corps isolant 2, et d'un culot 4 qui contient la partie inférieure du corps isolant 2. L'électrode centrale se compose d'une section médiane 5 se présentant sous la forme d'une tige sensiblement cylindrique logée à l'intérieur d'un alésage cylindrique 6 du corps isolant 2. L'extrémité supérieure 7 est au moins partiellement filetée extérieurement pour permettre le vissage d'une olive de connexion. Au niveau de la jonction de l'extrémité 7 et de la section médiane 5, est fixé un capuchon 8 qui recouvre et protège la pointe supérieure du corps isolant 2. L'extrémité inférieure 9 de l'électrode centrale dépasse la pointe inférieure du corps isolant 2 et coopère avec l'électrode de masse pour créer l'étincelle, comme dans une bougie d'allumage conventionnelle.Referring to the figures and in particular to Figure 1, the ignition device, hereinafter called convector l, essentially consists of an insulating body 2, an axial central electrode 3 housed inside the insulating body 2, and a base 4 which contains the lower part of the insulating body 2. The central electrode consists of a middle section 5 in the form of a substantially cylindrical rod housed inside a bore cylindrical 6 of the insulating body 2. The upper end 7 is at least partially externally threaded to allow the screwing of a connection olive. At the junction of the end 7 and the middle section 5, a cap 8 is fixed which covers and protects the upper point of the insulating body 2. The lower end 9 of the central electrode exceeds the lower point of the body insulator 2 and cooperates with the ground electrode to create the spark, as in a conventional spark plug.

L'électrode centrale est fixée au corps isolant par une technique de brasage qui sera décrite plus en détail ci-dessous, de telle manière que la brasure permettre de fixer l'électrode centrale au corps isolant à son point le plus froid, c'est-à-dire son extrémité supérieure et que l'étanchéité soit parfaitement assurée.The central electrode is fixed to the insulating body by a brazing technique which will be described in more detail below, in such a way that the soldering makes it possible to fix the central electrode to the insulating body at its coldest point. that is to say its upper end and that the seal is perfectly ensured.

Comme dans une bougie conventionnelle, le culot 4 du convecteur représenté comporte un filetage destiné à fixer le convecteur au bloc moteur, pour constituer à la fois la liaison mécanique et le pont thermique destiné à dissiper la chaleur de l'isolant. Pour assurer une meilleure dissipation de la chaleur, on s'est servi d'une technique de brasage pour fixer le corps isolant 2 dans l'alésage central ménagé dans le culot 4. Le corps isolant 2 en céramique, réalisé avec précision, comporte des épaulements d'appui 11 et 12 qui coopèrent avec des épaulements correspondants ménagés dans le culot 4, pour assurer une assise précise du corps isolant à l'intérieur du culot. La technique de brasage consiste à métalliser préalablement la surface de la céramique au moyen d'une projection de poudre de molybdène et de manganèse. Elle consiste ensuite à glisser sur cette surface métallisée un tube en un alliage métallique, par exemple un alliage commercialisé sous le type Dilver, ayant de préférence un coefficient de dilatation intermédiaire entre ceux de la céramique et de l'acier du culot, et à introduire ces éléments préassemblés en position dans le culot. Le tube 13 entourera au moins partiellement la partie inférieure du corps isolant 2 et sera disposé en regard d'un évidement annulaire 14, ménagé dans la paroi du culot 4, pour permettre une déformation du tube 13. Pour effectuer le brasage proprement dit, on placera, autour du bec 15 du corps isolant 2, un jonc de brasage 16, par exemple en un alliage cuivre-argent, et on fera subir à l'ensemble un traitement thermique, en faisant traverser, au convecteur, un four à passage sous atmosphère réductrice à haute température, qui provoquera la fusion du jonc de brasage et sa remontée par capillarité entre le tube 13, le corps isolant 2 et le culot métallique 4.As in a conventional candle, the base 4 of the convector shown has a thread intended to fix the convector to the engine block, to constitute both the mechanical connection and the thermal bridge intended to dissipate the heat of the insulator. To ensure better heat dissipation, a brazing technique was used to fix the insulating body 2 in the central bore in the base 4. The insulating body 2 made of ceramic, produced with precision, includes support shoulders 11 and 12 which cooperate with corresponding shoulders formed in the base 4, to ensure precise seating of the insulating body inside the base. The brazing technique consists in metallizing the surface of the ceramic beforehand using a spray of molybdenum and manganese powder. It then consists in sliding on this metallized surface a tube made of a metallic alloy, for example an alloy marketed under the Dilver type, preferably having a coefficient of expansion intermediate between those of the ceramic and the steel of the base, and to introduce these elements pre-assembled in position in the base. The tube 13 will at least partially surround the lower part of the insulating body 2 and will be disposed opposite an annular recess 14, formed in the wall of the base 4, to allow deformation of the tube 13. To perform the actual brazing, will place, around the beak 15 of the body insulator 2, a brazing rod 16, for example of a copper-silver alloy, and the assembly will be subjected to a heat treatment, by passing through the convector, a furnace passing under a reducing atmosphere at high temperature, which will cause the fusion of the brazing rod and its ascent by capillarity between the tube 13, the insulating body 2 and the metal base 4.

Cette technique nouvelle supprime les chocs mécaniques du sertissage tel qu'il était réalisé dans le cadre de la fabrication des bougies classiques, et permet d'avoir une surface de brasage de l'ordre de 330 m , ce qui permet une dissipation beaucoup plus importante et accroît considérablement la polythermie du convecteur. Cette opération de brasage permet simultanément d'assurer l'étanchéité interne au niveau de l'électrode centrale et de la vis terminale. Il suffit pour cela de placer également des joncs de brasage 16a, 16b, pour que cette matière en fusion s'écoule le long de l'électrode centrale 5 et du capuchon 8 et assure le brasage de l'électrode centrale et du capuchon 8 sur le corps isolant 2.This new technique eliminates the mechanical shocks of the crimping as it was carried out within the framework of the manufacture of conventional candles, and allows to have a brazing surface of the order of 330 m, which allows a much greater dissipation. and considerably increases the polythermia of the convector. This brazing operation simultaneously ensures internal sealing at the central electrode and the terminal screw. To do this, it is also sufficient to place brazing rods 16a, 16b, so that this molten material flows along the central electrode 5 and the cap 8 and ensures the brazing of the central electrode and the cap 8 on the insulating body 2.

Cette technique de fabrication permet de supprimer les efforts et chocs mécaniques dus au sertissage des bougies classiques., efforts et chocs qui peuvent entraîner des tensions non décelables à froid, mais susceptibles d'entraîner la rupture du corps isolant à la suite des chocs thermiques successifs qu'il subit au cours du fonctionnement du moteur à combustion interne.This manufacturing technique makes it possible to eliminate the mechanical forces and shocks due to the crimping of conventional spark plugs, forces and shocks which can cause tensions which cannot be detected when cold, but which can cause the rupture of the insulating body following successive thermal shocks. during the operation of the internal combustion engine.

L'extrémité inférieure du convecteur comporte une capsule 17, qui constitue l'électrode de masse de ce convecteur. Cette électrode de masse, qui sera décrite plus en détail en référence aux figures 2 et 3, est soudée au bord inférieur du culot 4, par une technique de soudure par rapprochement sous effet Joule.The lower end of the convector comprises a capsule 17, which constitutes the ground electrode of this convector. This ground electrode, which will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, is welded to the lower edge of the base 4, by a technique of welding by bringing together under the Joule effect.

En référence aux figures 2 et 3 qui représentent une forme de réalisation préférentielle de la capsule 17, cet élément est de préférence constitué par une pièce de forme générale cylindrique réalisée par décolletage, traitée au cours d'une opération de traitement de surface approprié, puis soudée sur le culot. La capsule 17 comporte une cavité centrale 18 communi- quant avec deux ouvertures circulaires 19 et 20. L'ouverture supérieure 19 définit, avec la paroi latérale du corps cylindrique de la capsule 17, un bord 21 destiné à être fixé au bord annulaire inférieur du culot 4. L'ouverture inférieure 20 définit un bord annulaire 22 qui constitue le bord actif de l'électrode de masse du convecteur. Comme représenté de façon plus précise sur la figure 3, la capsule 17 comporte trois méplats 23, dans lesquels débouchent respectivement trois alésages. 24 qui communiquent avec la cavité intérieure 18.Referring to Figures 2 and 3 which show a preferred embodiment of the capsule 17, this element is preferably constituted by a generally cylindrical part produced by turning, treated during an appropriate surface treatment operation, then soldered on the base. The capsule 17 comprises a central cavity 18 communi - as with two circular openings 19 and 20. The upper opening 19 defines with the side wall of the cylindrical body of the capsule 17, a board 21 intended to be fixed to the lower annular edge of the base 4. The lower opening 20 defines an annular edge 22 which constitutes the active edge of the ground electrode of the convector. As shown more precisely in Figure 3, the capsule 17 has three flats 23, into which respectively open three bores. 24 which communicate with the interior cavity 18.

Pour que la capsule 17-puisse résister aux hautes températures créées par le plasma, celle-ci subit un traitement de surface qui est de préférence un traitement de cémentation au chrome et en particulier un traitement de chromisation dure, qui permet d'obtenir une couche relativement fine formée de carbure de chrome d'une très grande dureté. A cet effet, on peut par exemple utiliser la technique mise au point par la société française Heurchrome ou tout autre traitement connu en soi, permettant d'obtenir une dureté et une résistance aux acides et aux autres agents corrosifs similaires.In order for the capsule 17 to be able to withstand the high temperatures created by the plasma, it undergoes a surface treatment which is preferably a chromium cementation treatment and in particular a hard chromization treatment, which makes it possible to obtain a layer relatively fine formed of chromium carbide of a very high hardness. For this purpose, one can for example use the technique developed by the French company Heurchrome or any other treatment known per se, making it possible to obtain a hardness and a resistance to acids and other similar corrosive agents.

Le convecteur décrit fonctionne de la façon suivante : au lieu d'une étincelle électrique jaillissant entre les électrodes d'une bougie conventionnelle pour allumer le mélange combustible, la bougie à convection ou convecteur, munie de sa capsule faisant office de préchambre de combustion, permet au mélange d'être préalablement compressé dans cette préchambre, d'être enflammé par une décharge électrique rotative ayant la forme d'un iris ionisant, provoquant le plasma qui active la réaction en chaîne de la combustion dans la chambre principale du cylindre moteur. Ceci entraîne une combustion plus vive et plus complète du mélange combustible, entraînant ainsi l'utilisation quasi intégrale du potentiel énergétique du carburant, -en réduisant les imbrûlés et en diminuant les gaz polluants (C0, NOx, etc.) et surtout en réduisant la consommation de carburant.The convector described works in the following way: instead of an electric spark gushing between the electrodes of a conventional candle to ignite the combustible mixture, the convection candle or convector, provided with its capsule acting as precombustion chamber, allows the mixture to be previously compressed in this prechamber, to be ignited by a rotary electric discharge having the forms an ionizing iris, causing the plasma which activates the chain reaction of combustion in the main chamber of the engine cylinder. This results in a more lively and more complete combustion of the fuel mixture, thus leading to the almost complete use of the energy potential of the fuel, -by reducing unburnt and by reducing polluting gases (C0, NO x , etc.) and especially by reducing fuel consumption.

Le brassage permanent des gaz au travers des tuyères, constituées par les ouvertures latérales 24 de la capsule de convection aussi bien à l'admission qu'à l'échappement, mêlées à la violence de l'explosion à l'intérieur de la chambre de précombustion, empêche la formation de dépôt de carbone et assure en permanence l'autonettoyage du bec de l'isolant en rendant pratiquement nul l'encrassement du convecteur. Ce phénomène se vérifie de façon particulièrement remarquable à faible allure en circulation urbaine et au ralenti. Un des avantages de la capsule de convection est qu'elle permet d'utiliser les composants des bougies conventionnelles à becs d'isolant proéminents, à l'extrémité du culot desquelles est soudée la capsule de convection remplaçant l'électrode de masse classique.The permanent mixing of gases through the nozzles, formed by the lateral openings 24 of the convection capsule both at the intake and at the exhaust, mixed with the violence of the explosion inside the precombustion, prevents the formation of carbon deposits and permanently ensures the self-cleaning of the spout of the insulation, making practically zero fouling of the convector. This phenomenon is particularly noticeable at low speed in city traffic and at idle. One of the advantages of the convection capsule is that it makes it possible to use the components of conventional candles with prominent insulating tips, at the end of the base of which the convection capsule is welded replacing the conventional mass electrode.

Pour permettre un centrage parfait de la capsule au moment de son soudage, on a recours à un petit tube centreur en alliage d'aluminium que l'on introduit dans l'ouverture 20 de la capsule (voir figure 2) et sur l'extrémité 9 (voir figure 1) de l'électrode centrale 3. Le diamètre intérieur du tube centreur correspond sensiblement au diamètre extérieur de l'extrémité 9 de l'électrode centrale, et son diamètre extérieur correspond sensiblement au diamètre intérieur de l'ouverture circulaire 20 de la capsule. En fait, l'épaisseur des parois du tube centreur est sensiblement égale à la différence des diamètres de l'ouverture 20 et de l'extrémité 9 de l'électrode centrale. De cette manière, la capsule est parfaitement positionnée pendant l'opération de soudage au moyen d'un tube réalisé en une matière qui ne risque pas de se souder, soit à la capsule, soit à l'électrode centrale.To allow perfect centering of the capsule at the time of welding, a small aluminum alloy centering tube is used which is introduced into the opening 20 of the capsule (see FIG. 2) and on the end 9 (see FIG. 1) of the central electrode 3. The internal diameter of the centering tube corresponds substantially to the external diameter of the end 9 of the central electrode, and its external diameter corresponds substantially to the internal diameter of the circular opening 20 of the capsule. In fact, the thickness of the walls of the centering tube is substantially equal to the difference in the diameters of the opening 20 and from the end 9 of the central electrode. In this way, the capsule is perfectly positioned during the welding operation by means of a tube made of a material which is not likely to weld, either to the capsule or to the central electrode.

Le dispositif d'allumage ou convecteur, dans lequel la dissipation calorifique est fortement améliorée, a l'avantage d'être polythermique. De ce fait, un seul convecteur, de par son élasticité thermique, peut remplacer avantageusement une gamme de bougies conventionnelles, dont chacune correspond à un faible éventail de thermicité.The ignition device or convector, in which the heat dissipation is greatly improved, has the advantage of being polythermic. Therefore, a single convector, by its thermal elasticity, can advantageously replace a range of conventional candles, each of which corresponds to a low range of thermicity.

Un système d'allumage, utilisant le dispositif d'allumage tel que décrit, peut être avantageusement complété par un générateur de courant à haute fréquence pulsée, dans le but de favoriser la formation d'un plasma.An ignition system, using the ignition device as described, can advantageously be supplemented by a high frequency pulsed current generator, with the aim of promoting the formation of a plasma.

Claims (9)

1. Procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif d'allumage à plasma pour moteur à combustion interne, adapté en particulier pour l'allumage des mélanges pauvres et/ou hydrogénés et/ou activés par des catalyseurs, comportant un corps isolant dans lequel est ménagé un alésage central axial agencé pour recevoir une électrode centrale métallique axiale, un culot métallique comprenant un alésage central axial pour loger la partie inférieure dudit corps isolant et pour assurer la fixation du dispositif sur le bloc moteur, caractérisé en ce que l'on fixe l'électrode centrale métallique au corps isolant et le corps isolant au culot métallique au moyen d'une technique de brasage céramique-métal, en ce que l'on fabrioue une capsule métallique de forme générale 't cylindrique comportant une cavité centrale formant chambre de précombustion et ayant une ouverture circulaire centrale sur chacune de ses faces planes, en ce que l'on fait subir à cette capsule un traitement de surface pour la rendre résistante aux hautes températures créées par le plasma, et en ce que l'on soude, par une technique de rapprochement sous effet Joule, ladite capsule préalablement traitée à l'extrémité inférieure du culot, de telle manière que l'ouverture circulaire supérieure, prévue dans l'une des faces planes de la capsule, soit concentrique à l'extrémité du corps isolant, et que l'extrémité libre de l'électrode centrale soit disposée sensiblement concentriquement par rapport à l'ouverture circulaire inférieure de l'autre face plane de la capsule.1. Method for manufacturing a plasma ignition device for an internal combustion engine, suitable in particular for igniting lean and / or hydrogenated mixtures and / or activated by catalysts, comprising an insulating body in which is formed an axial central bore arranged to receive an axial metal central electrode, a metal base comprising an axial central bore for housing the lower part of said insulating body and for securing the device to the engine block, characterized in that the l central metal electrode with the insulating body and the insulating body with the metal base by means of a ceramic-metal brazing technique, in that a metal capsule of general cylindrical shape is produced comprising a central cavity forming a precombustion chamber and having a central circular opening on each of its flat faces, in that this capsule is subjected to a surface treatment to make it resistant te at the high temperatures created by the plasma, and in that one welds, by a technique of approximation under Joule effect, said capsule previously treated at the lower end of the base, so that the upper circular opening, provided in one of the flat faces of the capsule, is concentric with the end of the insulating body, and the free end of the central electrode is disposed substantially concentrically with respect to the lower circular opening of the other flat face of the capsule. 2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le brasage de la céramique et du métal comporte les étapes suivantes consistant : à métalliser la surface à braser de la céramique en revêtant cette dernière au moyen d'une couche de poudre de molybdène et de manganèse, à chemiser la surface traitée au moyen d'un tube en alliage métallique résistant aux hautes températures, le culot ayant été préalablement pourvu d'un évidement qui permet à ce tube de se déformer, disposé entre la paroi du culot et ledit tube en alliage, et à braser d'une part l'électrode centrale au corps isolant et d'autre part le corps isolant au culot, au moyen d'un jonc de brasage placé à la partie supérieure des parties à braser, en faisant séjourner ces éléments dans un four à passage sous atmosphère réductrice à une température suffisante pour provoquer la fusion du jonc de brasage et l'étalement de l'alliage par capillarité le long du tube métallique.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the brazing of the ceramic and the metal comprises the following steps consisting in: metallizing the surface to be brazed of the ceramic by coating the latter with by means of a layer of molybdenum and manganese powder, to line the treated surface by means of a metal alloy tube resistant to high temperatures, the base having been previously provided with a recess which allows this tube to deform , disposed between the wall of the base and said alloy tube, and to solder on the one hand the central electrode to the insulating body and on the other hand the insulating body to the base, by means of a brazing rod placed at the part of the parts to be brazed, by placing these elements in a passage furnace under a reducing atmosphere at a temperature sufficient to cause the brazing rod to melt and the alloy to spread by capillary action along the metal tube. 3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le traitement de la capsule consiste en une cémentation au chrome.3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the treatment of the capsule consists of chromium cementation. 4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la cémentation au chrome est une chromisation dure au carbure de chrome.4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the chromium carburization is a hard chromium chromium carbide chromization. 5. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on effectue la soudure de la capsule à l'extrémité inférieure du culot, après avoir positionné cette capsule avec précision au moyen d'un dispositif de centrage comportant une pièce tubulaire en un matériau non soudable à la capsule et au corps isolant, dont le diamètre intérieur correspond au diamètre extérieur de l'électrode centrale, et dont le diamètre extérieur correspond au diamètre de l'ouverture circulaire inférieure de la face plane inférieure de la capsule.5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the capsule is welded to the lower end of the base, after having precisely positioned this capsule by means of a centering device comprising a tubular piece in one material which cannot be welded to the capsule and to the insulating body, the internal diameter of which corresponds to the external diameter of the central electrode, and the external diameter of which corresponds to the diameter of the lower circular opening of the lower planar face of the capsule. 6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la pièce tubulaire est un tronçon tubulaire en aluminium, dont l'épaisseur de la paroi correspond sensiblement à l'écart entre électrodes préconisé sur des bougies d'allumage concentionnelles.6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the tubular part is a tubular section of aluminum, the thickness of the wall of which corresponds substantially to the distance between electrodes recommended on conventional spark plugs. 7. Dispositif d'allumage pour moteur à combustion interne, obtenu par le procédé selon la revendication 1, comportant un corps isolant dans lequel est ménagé un alésage central axial agencé pour recevoir une électrode centrale métallique axiale, un culot métallique comprenant un alésage central axial pour loger la partie inférieure dudit corps isolant et pour assurer la fixation du dispositif sur le bloc moteur, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode centrale est brasée au corps isolant, en ce que le corps isolant est brasé au culot, et en ce que l'électrode de masse est constituée par une capsule métallique de forme générale cylindrique comportant une cavité centrale formant chambre de précombustion et une ouverture circulaire centrale sur chacune de ses faces planes, cette capsule ayant préalablement subi un traitement de surface la rendant résistante aux hautes températures créées par le plasma, et étant fixée à l'extrémité inférieure du . culot de telle façon que l'électrode centrale soit disposée dans la chambre de précombustion, sensiblement concentriquement par rapport à l'ouverture inférieure de sa face plane.7. An ignition device for an internal combustion engine, obtained by the method according to claim 1, comprising an insulating body in which is formed an axial central bore arranged to receive an axial central metal electrode, a metal base comprising an axial central bore to accommodate the lower part of said insulating body and to secure the device to the engine block, characterized in that the central electrode is brazed to the insulating body, in that the insulating body is brazed to the base, and in that the the ground electrode is constituted by a metallic capsule of generally cylindrical shape comprising a central cavity forming a precombustion chamber and a central circular opening on each of its flat faces, this capsule having previously undergone a surface treatment making it resistant to the high temperatures created by the plasma, and being attached to the lower end of the. base so that the central electrode is disposed in the precombustion chamber, substantially concentrically with respect to the lower opening of its planar face. 8. Dispositif d'allumage selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la capsule comporte au moins une ouverture latérale débouchant dans la cavité centrale formant chambre de précombustion.8. An ignition device according to claim 7, characterized in that the capsule comprises at least one lateral opening opening into the central cavity forming a precombustion chamber. 9. Dispositif d'allumage selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la capsule comporte trois ouvertures formant tuyères latérales disposées sensiblement à 120 l'une de l'autre.9. An ignition device according to claim 8, characterized in that the capsule has three openings forming lateral nozzles disposed substantially 120 from one another.
EP81810184A 1980-05-30 1981-05-15 Method of manufacturing an ignition device for an internal-combustion engine, and ignition device obtained thereby Withdrawn EP0041475A1 (en)

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Also Published As

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US4490122A (en) 1984-12-25
JPS5798993A (en) 1982-06-19
BR8103408A (en) 1982-02-24
CH624509A5 (en) 1981-07-31
AU7110881A (en) 1981-12-03

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