EP0041037A2 - Das Aufliegen verhindernde einzelne Kissen und Matratzen und Verfahren zur Herstellung - Google Patents

Das Aufliegen verhindernde einzelne Kissen und Matratzen und Verfahren zur Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0041037A2
EP0041037A2 EP81430014A EP81430014A EP0041037A2 EP 0041037 A2 EP0041037 A2 EP 0041037A2 EP 81430014 A EP81430014 A EP 81430014A EP 81430014 A EP81430014 A EP 81430014A EP 0041037 A2 EP0041037 A2 EP 0041037A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
padding
personalized
cushion
seat
cushion according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81430014A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0041037A3 (en
EP0041037B1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Rabischong
Jean Putscher
Jean-Pierre Bel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale INSERM
Original Assignee
Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale INSERM
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR808011754A external-priority patent/FR2482856B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR8015748A external-priority patent/FR2486391A1/fr
Application filed by Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale INSERM filed Critical Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale INSERM
Priority to AT81430014T priority Critical patent/ATE12890T1/de
Publication of EP0041037A2 publication Critical patent/EP0041037A2/de
Publication of EP0041037A3 publication Critical patent/EP0041037A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0041037B1 publication Critical patent/EP0041037B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
    • A61G7/05—Parts, details or accessories of beds
    • A61G7/057—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor
    • A61G7/05715—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor with modular blocks, or inserts, with layers of different material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G5/00—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs
    • A61G5/10—Parts, details or accessories
    • A61G5/1043—Cushions specially adapted for wheelchairs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G5/00—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs
    • A61G5/10—Parts, details or accessories
    • A61G5/1043—Cushions specially adapted for wheelchairs
    • A61G5/1045—Cushions specially adapted for wheelchairs for the seat portion

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is anti-decubitus cushions and methods of manufacturing them.
  • Paraplegics do not feel pain in the compressed region and, as a result, they are even more exposed to the formation of pressure sores.
  • the most threatened areas are those where a bone or bony protrusion is located close to the skin in an area that supports the weight of the body.
  • sores in the seat leads to months of hospitalization in a lying position to achieve healing of the ulcer, and treatment sometimes requires surgical excision of necrotic tissue, resulting in high costs.
  • anti-decubitus cushions we will mainly describe the devices intended to avoid bedsores in the seat and these devices will be designated by the term anti-decubitus cushions. It is specified that the term "cushion" is used in a non-limiting sense to also designate anti-decubitus devices which can be located on a chair backrest and also anti-decubitus mattresses intended to support patients immobilized in the lying position. Similarly, the term seat of the body is used in a general sense to designate any part of the body which rests on a cushion, a backrest or a mattress.
  • Cushions and anti-decubitus mattresses are already known which consist of inflatable bags or of bags filled with a liquid or a gel, or cushions or mattresses made of cellular material.
  • HERMAT anti-decubitus mattress composed of several layers of cellular materials with open or closed cells.
  • the objective of the present invention is to provide new anti-decubitus cushions and mattresses, intended for light handicapped persons who are obliged to remain in a wheelchair for periods of limited duration and personalized cushions intended for handicapped persons constrained to keep the sitting or lying position, which cushions and mattresses follow the shape of the seat of the body thanks to their deformability or to a personalized shaping while ensuring good ventilation of the contact area.
  • the padding is composed of two superimposed layers: an upper layer in animal hair and a lower layer in vegetable fibers.
  • the thicknesses of the upper layer and the lower layer are respectively of the order of one third and two thirds of the total thickness.
  • the elastomeric material is preferably natural latex which is crosslinked after being sprayed onto the fibrous material and the proportion by weight of crosslinked latex is between 30% and 50% of the total weight of the padding.
  • the upper layer is composed of horsehair or pork, beef, horse or goat bristles and has a density. of the order of 30 Kg / m 3 and the lower layer is composed of coconut fibers and has a density of the order of 100 Kg / m 3 .
  • a cushion according to the invention comprises a base plate in the form of a rigid shell comprising a perforated bottom, two side edges and a rear edge directed upwards which have a height substantially equal to that of the padding that 'they surround.
  • a cushion according to the invention intended more particularly for folding armchairs, comprises a rigid base plate having two lateral fittings directed upwards, having a height of the order of a few centimeters, which frame the padding.
  • a personalized cushion according to the invention further comprises a perforated plate, made of a flexible material, which matches the shape of the user's seat and which is placed on the upper face of said padding which has been shaped for also conform to the shape of the user's seat.
  • a mold is filled, the bottom of which reproduces the shape of said personalized molding of a mixture of animal hair or vegetable fibers and of an elastomeric binder liquida, said heating is heated mixture to solidify the binder, it is removed from the mold, the padding is turned over and the latter is placed inside the shell.
  • the personalized molding is divided into juxtaposed meshes, blocks of a mixture of vegetable hair or animal fibers and an elastomer binder corresponding to the dimensions of said meshes are made and cut the upper face of each of said blocks so that it substantially reproduces the profile of said personalized molding inside each of said meshes and then juxtaposes said blocks inside said shell by gluing them together.
  • the invention results in new products which constitute personalized cushions and mattresses, which perfectly match the morphology of the seat of the body of an individual while allowing to ventilate the contact area thanks to the perforations of the shell and of the top plate and also thanks to the air permeability of the padding.
  • the cushions and mattresses according to the invention increase the bearing surface of the body and therefore reduce the pressures from which it results that they prevent the formation of bedsores.
  • the personalized cushions according to the invention can be used not only for handicapped people bound to a wheelchair but also for a better comfort of the individuals who have to stay or work in sitting position for example as seats for professional drivers of vehicle or of workers in position seated.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded view of a personalized anti-decubitus cushion which is composed of three parts placed inside a cover not shown.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show an exploded perspective view and a sectional view of a second embodiment.
  • the cushion according to FIG. 1 comprises a rigid shell 1 in the form of a bowl, which is for example a shell molded from polyester or any other equivalent polymer.
  • This shell 1 has a bottom 2 provided with perforations -3 and rims 4 which extend the bottom 2 upwards and which surround the lining.
  • the shell 1 has only two side walls 4a and a flange 4b. It has no front edge.
  • the shell 1 is equipped with a handle 5 for transporting the cushion.
  • the dimensions of the shell 1 are chosen such that they slightly exceed the dimensions of the seat of the body of the individual for whom the cushion is intended.
  • padding 6 which is composed of a mixture of fibers, preferably animal hair or vegetable fibers, and an elastomeric binder which is for example latex or an elastomeric resin synthetic.
  • Layer 6 is preferably composed of two superimposed layers as shown in Figure 2.
  • the density of fibers and binder is chosen so that the padding remains breathable to allow ventilation of the support area of the body.
  • the upper face 6a of the padding 6 is shaped so that it substantially matches the shape of the seat of the individual for whom the cushion is intended.
  • the padding 6 is preferably placed in a sheath 7 made of a fabric of natural fibers, preferably a sheath of flexible terry cloth. The sheath 7 is shown half open.
  • the thickness of the padding 6 is slightly less than the height of the edges 4 of the shell.
  • a shell 8 which is constituted by a plate made of a flexible material provided with perforations 9.
  • the plate 8 has for example a thickness of the order of 10 mm and it is composed of a thermoformable material , for example the material known under the name of plastazote, or a flexible silicone such as that which is known under the name of silastene.
  • the plate 8 is thermoformed to match on its two faces the shape of the seat of the individual.
  • the underside of the plate 8 perfectly matches the shape of the face 6a which has itself been shaped to match the shape of the seat and the pressures transmitted by the plate 8 to the padding 6 are distributed uniformly throughout the volume of the padding 6.
  • the shape of the upper face of the plate 8 follows the shape of the seat of the individual and the bearing surface of the body on the plate 8 is maximum.
  • All three constituent parts 1, 6 and 8 are wrapped in a removable cover which is not shown for clarity of the drawing.
  • This cover is preferably composed of a terry cloth or a plush fabric, elastic and ventilated, resistant up to 120 ° so that it is possible to disinfect it hot and anti-allergic, which constitutes a surface flexible contact with the body and which is flexible enough to perfectly match the shape of the plate.
  • the cover has, on its upper face, a double wall forming a pocket in which one can slide sheets of cellulosic material forming absorbent layers which are easily deformable and which therefore conform to the shape of the plate 8 when the cushion is busy.
  • a deformable waterproof envelope which contains a divided material, for example an inflatable envelope made of flexible plastic material, which contains small glass balls having a diameter of the order of millimeter.
  • a vacuum pump then gradually vacuum inside the envelope by means of a vacuum pump until reaching for example an absolute pressure in the envelope of the order of 100 millibars. This vacuum presses the envelope against the balls and the envelope keeps the balls in position, so that a hollow imprint of the seat is thus obtained.
  • thermoformable plastic material is heated to the temperature at which it softens, which is of the order of 70 ° and the hot sheet is applied to the hollow imprint obtained previously.
  • the sheet constitutes a personalized double-sided molding of the seat of the individual, easy to transport and it is this personalized molding which is shipped to the factory and which is used to make a cushion adapted to the individual morphology of the user.
  • the molding is used to shape the upper face 6a of the padding 6 and to thermoform the perforated plate 8, which is shaped directly on the molding.
  • a cup-shaped mold is first made, the bottom of which reproduces the shape of the personalized molding 8 and the height of which is equal to the thickness of the padding 6.
  • the said mold is then filled a mixture of animal hair or vegetable fibers impregnated with liquid latex.
  • We choose a mixing density such that the padding is breathable and that it remains flexible, but does not crush too much under load.
  • the mixture is heated to a temperature sufficient for the latex to solidify. After which we unmold and turn the padding so that the face 6a, which was in contact with the bottom of the mold and which reproduces the imprint thereof, becomes the upper face of the padding and we place the padding in the shell 1 .
  • the personalized molding is divided into juxtaposed identical meshes, for example square or rectangular meshes.
  • Figures 2 and 3 respectively show an exploded view and a cross section of the components of a second embodiment which is a non-personalized bedsore cushion.
  • the parts homologous to those of FIG. 1 are represented by the same references.
  • This second cushion is a more economical cushion than the previous one, which is intended for the slightly handicapped who have to stay in a wheelchair for a limited period.
  • the cover 12 includes a cover 12, made of terry cloth, equipped with closing means, for example with a zipper or an elastic band which make it removable, so that it is possible to wash it separately.
  • the cover 12 is not shown in FIG. 2.
  • the cover 12 envelops both a rigid base plate 2 and a padding 6.
  • the plate 2 is for example of plastic material having a thickness of the order of one centimeter. It has two side edges 4a directed upwards, having a height of the order of two centimeters, which surround the padding 6. It can be solid or perforated.
  • Plate 2 has a very wide and deep slightly smaller than the dimensions of the canvas seat of a folding wheelchair for the disabled on which the cushion is placed.
  • Plate 2 rests on the seat uprights and it prevents the fabric from bending.
  • the cover 12 also contains a padding 6, which is placed above the base plate 2.
  • the padding 6 is enclosed in a fabric envelope 7.
  • the padding 6 is composed of two superimposed layers 10 and 11, the thickness of which is equal respectively to approximately two thirds of the height for the lower layer 10 and one third of the height for the upper layer 11.
  • the upper layer 11, on which the seat of the handicapped person rests, is composed of a mixture of animal hair and an elastomeric material which is preferably crosslinked natural latex.
  • the hairs are preferably hairs of beef, horse, pork or goats, which are very flexible hairs, not likely to injure the seat of the disabled.
  • the density of the mixture of horsehair and the latex which makes up the layer 11 is of the order of 30 Kg / m 3 , which corresponds to a proportion by weight of crosslinked latex of between 30% and 50% of the total weight of the mixture .
  • This proportion makes it possible to obtain a mixture which is both breathable and sufficiently elastic not to settle and to resume its initial volume when it is no longer compressed by the weight of the occupant of the wheelchair.
  • the lower layer 10 is composed of a mixture of vegetable fibers and an elastomer which is preferably crosslinked latex.
  • the plant fibers are preferably coconut fibers.
  • the density of the mixture is of the order of 100 Kg / m 3 , which also corresponds to a proportion by weight of crosslinked latex of between 30% and 50% of the total weight of the mixture.
  • the superimposed layers 10 and 11 which make up the padding have sufficient air permeability for natural ventilation of the seat of the disabled person sitting on the cushion. They also have the essential qualities of flexibility and nervousness.
  • the upper layer in very flexible animal hair has a low density and it allows to distribute the pressures well on all. the seat surface.
  • the denser lower layer absorbs the shocks transmitted by the wheels of the wheelchair and acts as a suspension.
  • a method for manufacturing the padding of a cushion according to the invention comprises the following operations.
  • a sheet of animal hair and a sheet of vegetable fibers having a thickness slightly greater than the desired thickness of the layers 10 and 11 of the padding are formed.
  • Natural latex is sprayed on the upper face of these sheets.
  • the sheets are passed through a dryer at a temperature of the order of 80 ° in order to start solidifying the latex.
  • the sheets are then turned over and latex is sprayed on the second face of these sheets.
  • the tablecloths are again passed through a dryer at a temperature of the order of 80 °.
  • the hairs or fibers are not packed and the liquid latex penetrates into the thickness of the sheets which is of the order of 20 mm to 50 mm.
  • the impregnated layers are then calendered by passing them between two cylinders whose spacing is equal to the desired final thickness, for example a thickness of 40 mm for the lower layer.
  • tablecloths are left to remain in an oven at a temperature of 145 ° C. for approximately forty five minutes in order to crosslink the latex and to give it its elastic properties.
  • the quantity of latex which is sprayed on the sheets is determined to obtain a final density of the order of 30 Kg / m 3 for the upper sheet and of the order of 100 Kg / m3 for the lower sheet, which corresponds to a proportion by weight of latex of between 30% and 50% of the total weight.
  • a proportion of latex greater than 50% of the total weight would lead to a padding which is not very breathable and unnecessarily expensive.
  • a proportion less than 30% gives a padding which lacks elasticity and which tends to compact.
  • the natural latex can be replaced by an equivalent synthetic elastomer and, in this case, the crosslinking temperature and the duration of stay in an oven must be chosen according to the elastomer used.
  • An adhesive based on latex or elastomer which impregnates the fibers and the hairs is advantageously used for this bonding.
EP81430014A 1980-05-22 1981-05-21 Das Aufliegen verhindernde einzelne Kissen und Matratzen und Verfahren zur Herstellung Expired EP0041037B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81430014T ATE12890T1 (de) 1980-05-22 1981-05-21 Das aufliegen verhindernde einzelne kissen und matratzen und verfahren zur herstellung.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8011754 1980-05-22
FR808011754A FR2482856B1 (fr) 1980-05-22 1980-05-22 Coussins et matelas anti-escarres individuels et procedes de fabrication
FR8015748 1980-07-11
FR8015748A FR2486391A1 (fr) 1980-07-11 1980-07-11 Coussin anti-escarres et procede de fabrication

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0041037A2 true EP0041037A2 (de) 1981-12-02
EP0041037A3 EP0041037A3 (en) 1982-01-13
EP0041037B1 EP0041037B1 (de) 1985-04-24

Family

ID=26221802

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81430014A Expired EP0041037B1 (de) 1980-05-22 1981-05-21 Das Aufliegen verhindernde einzelne Kissen und Matratzen und Verfahren zur Herstellung

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0041037B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3170098D1 (de)
DK (1) DK224081A (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4643481A (en) * 1984-11-08 1987-02-17 Saloff William S Seat system for preventing decubiti
US4955922A (en) * 1988-12-20 1990-09-11 Ryugo Terauchi Urine-collecting apparatus for wheel-chair
WO1996039908A1 (en) * 1995-06-07 1996-12-19 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Custom molded cushion and methods
US5904398A (en) * 1997-10-23 1999-05-18 Farricielli; Susan Ergonomically designed seat assembly for a portable wheelchair
US6877815B2 (en) * 2003-01-30 2005-04-12 Aprica Kassai Kabushikikaisha Seat of child-care instrument
US10555848B2 (en) 2017-04-29 2020-02-11 Harikrishan S. Sachdev Portable cushion and method of use
US11191687B2 (en) 2017-04-29 2021-12-07 Harikrishan S. Sachdev Portable cushion and method of use

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE373561A (de) *
FR605676A (fr) * 1925-11-04 1926-05-31 Coussin composé de plusieurs couches de matières superposées
US2866497A (en) * 1957-02-01 1958-12-30 Molded Foam Corp Composite cushion and method of making the same
FR2123609A5 (de) * 1971-01-25 1972-09-15 Leoty Michel
US3691569A (en) * 1968-12-28 1972-09-19 Takeo Ikada Cushion
FR2187269A1 (de) * 1972-06-08 1974-01-18 Contourpedic Corp

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE373561A (de) *
FR605676A (fr) * 1925-11-04 1926-05-31 Coussin composé de plusieurs couches de matières superposées
US2866497A (en) * 1957-02-01 1958-12-30 Molded Foam Corp Composite cushion and method of making the same
US3691569A (en) * 1968-12-28 1972-09-19 Takeo Ikada Cushion
FR2123609A5 (de) * 1971-01-25 1972-09-15 Leoty Michel
FR2187269A1 (de) * 1972-06-08 1974-01-18 Contourpedic Corp

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4643481A (en) * 1984-11-08 1987-02-17 Saloff William S Seat system for preventing decubiti
US4955922A (en) * 1988-12-20 1990-09-11 Ryugo Terauchi Urine-collecting apparatus for wheel-chair
WO1996039908A1 (en) * 1995-06-07 1996-12-19 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Custom molded cushion and methods
US5904398A (en) * 1997-10-23 1999-05-18 Farricielli; Susan Ergonomically designed seat assembly for a portable wheelchair
US6877815B2 (en) * 2003-01-30 2005-04-12 Aprica Kassai Kabushikikaisha Seat of child-care instrument
US10555848B2 (en) 2017-04-29 2020-02-11 Harikrishan S. Sachdev Portable cushion and method of use
US11191687B2 (en) 2017-04-29 2021-12-07 Harikrishan S. Sachdev Portable cushion and method of use

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0041037A3 (en) 1982-01-13
DE3170098D1 (en) 1985-05-30
DK224081A (da) 1981-11-23
EP0041037B1 (de) 1985-04-24

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