EP0038800A1 - Skeleton-frame system for the erection of building constructions. - Google Patents

Abstract

The structure is made up of an upper frame in the form of Z and a lower frame in the form of an inverse T connected at their external angles by four supports the height of a storey and whose sections are adapted to the static forces. The structure thus forms a box open on all sides, regular in its external measurements and constitutes a part of the cube of the volume of a floor. Up and down the frames are extended by supports in the form of head and foot plates. These elements are completed by smaller frames with the same construction characteristics to create technical gaps.

Description

 Process for the erection of all types of structures by means of modular KUBUS prefabricated solid construction with manufacturing and assembly processes - shell construction, structural and technical expansion up to 90% at the factory

Field of use:

For the first time, the invention enables the most extensive or real prefabricated building to be achieved.

The invention is based on the idea that finished buildings, which are handed over to their intended use, ready for operation and safe in a conventional solid construction, are divided into various cubes or disks of equal size, elongated blocks or disks (KUBEN) and then returned to industrial prefabrication and there via shell and Expansion to equip so far that they themselves have installations and central systems for building technology with objects and even built-in furniture, pendant lights and curtains as well as flat roof constructions and so on.

Buildings of all kinds are composed of different components assigned to the respective purpose, which generally always take up a certain gross volume of the overall construction project.

It can be the simplest buildings and components because with point foundations without basement are about:

Pits in the ground and above ground with or without insulation, pergolas, arbors, terraces (roofed), car parking spaces open - only roofed - with or without assembly pits, foundation structures for the construction of steel structures, arcades, greenhouses, agricultural buildings and general warehouse buildings etc. - disassembled and re-erectable structures as listed.

Simple structures can be:

Detached garden and tool sheds, bus stops, small buildings for public and non-public supply systems with and without pits, sales pavilions, tank rooms of all kinds, garages individually in rows or stacked, parking garages, smaller industrial, hall and administration buildings, private swimming pools and single or Multi-family houses without special requirements, social housing, kindergartens, market halls, student and old people's homes and other dormitories for asylum or improvement purposes, buildings suitable for the disabled, shopping centers, petrol station systems with covered lanes, etc. - structures that can be dismantled and re-erected as mentioned.

For buildings with above-average space requirements and structural and technical expansion such as:

Underground car parks, single-family and multi-family houses with high demands, larger and largest residential complexes privately owned, high-rise buildings for residential and administrative purposes, simple school construction, general public administration buildings, health houses, town houses, prisons, medium-sized kitchen facilities, supermarkets, public supermarket systems, medium-sized hotels, City halls, exhibition halls, etc. - also disassembled and re-erectable structures as listed.

Buildings with the highest demands on all trades including full air conditioning are:

Hospital buildings, all buildings - including high-rise buildings for teaching and Research of industry, university and university buildings, museums and galleries, public swimming pools, canteen kitchens, department stores, large hotel complexes, etc. - these buildings, as listed, can be erected and re-erected.

Purpose, task and execution:

In order to be able to erect buildings in all their diversity and as far as possible in terms of architectural design and to cover the building and component requirements that arise, 10 KUBUS basic elements have been developed according to the invention, which can be supplemented by any KUBUS special elements.

The 10 basic elements with the considerations on which they are based are also explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings according to their possible uses.

The following aspects were decisive for dimensioning and material selection of the elements across all individual components:

a) in their length and width, but especially in their height, the elements must be movable without the development of special transport vehicles.

Consideration should be given to generally prescribed road widths, heights of overland lines and other obstacles in public transport.

Nevertheless, the respective road traffic regulations require special permits and accompaniment (driving in a convoy).

Of the 10 KUBUS elements developed, elements (1) to (5) have a rectangular base and elements (6) to (10) have a square base the size of two elements (6) in each, taking into account a half-joint Element (1), two elements (7) each in the element (2), two elements (8) in the element (3), two elements (9) in the element (4) and two elements (10) in the element (5).

Drawing sheet 1 shows in Fig. 1 that the elements (1) to (5) are stackable on one another. This also applies to the elements (6) to (10) with each other.

Drawing sheet 2 shows in Fig. 2 that taking into account static requirements that bring changes only in the interior of the elements in the column and support beam area, the stackability of the elements (1) to (10) and thus the height of these elements buildings (even in graded form) are only limited due to the possible use of vertical transport devices (crane systems).

Fig. 2 shows that in the basement not only elements of a square base, for example elements (6) under element (1) or elements (7) under element (2), but for example also two elements (8) under one element ( 2) or (3) or (4) can be arranged.

In coordination with the statics of the building to be erected in each case, depending on the nature of the floor, KUBUS individual foundations can be used for foundation as shown in Fig. 2 under (11) and (12) or in-situ concrete structures such as foundation slabs as shown in Fig. 20 may be required his.

The height grid (A) results from the lowest elements (1), (6), (4) and (9) or (b: 4), their height dimension above all, (b) is the height dimension of the elements (2) and (7) about everything. The elements (3) and (8) have an overall height of (b: 2). The elements (5) and (10) are the only ones with the special height of (c) above all. The most important criterion of all height dimensions, even with the most varied stacking of elements, is that they always have the same Slope ratio of (z) can be traversed. This is illustrated in drawing sheet 8 in FIG. 20 and drawing sheet 19 in FIG. 31. More details on the description of each individual element.

Drawing sheet 1 in Fig. 1 and drawing sheet 3 in Fig. 3 are for the bases of the elements (1) to (5) the length of (a) and the width of (a: 2-v) and for the elements (6) to (10) for length and width the dimension of (a: 2-v). 3 shows that there are no limits to the arrangement of the elements (1) to (10) with respect to one another and thus within a length pattern (B) = (a: 2-v) and a width pattern of (C) = (a: 2 -v) all conceivable building outlines are possible.

Since the EIUBUS elements in the shell with structural expansion and full technical expansion up to 90% are prefabricated in a factory, then transported and assembled on-site, the top priority for the choice of materials will be the weights of the shell structure, the expansion parts and all facilities as low as possible to keep.

This applies in particular to the full-floor element (2), which may contain a heating center that is fully operational at the factory, which is located in a basement, or contains a fully-developed ventilation center that is to be moved as the last top floor.

Nevertheless, in extreme cases, full weights of up to 20 tons are expected for functionally designed and equipped full-floor elements.

On the other hand, an underground garage element (basic element (2)) can also have column cross sections of 0.50 m and support beam widths of 0.50 m for structural reasons and be made of reinforced concrete, for example B 350. On the other hand, according to structural analysis, a basic KUBUS element (2), which only covers a fully developed part of a room for permanent occupancy, can also be used with column cross-sections of only 0.25 / 0.25 m and supporting beam widths of 0.25 m in lightweight concrete Construction.

The choice of material is therefore always based on the intended use of the room elements, which can be seen in the overall planning of a building project.

For the spatial KUBUS elements (1) to (10), clad steel, reinforced concrete, prestressed steel, lightweight steel concrete as well as prestressed lightweight concrete constructions are therefore considered for their supporting beam and support structures on all six levels.

The above-mentioned materials can be used for particularly heavily loaded unfinished ceilings and roof constructions. Apart from these, preferably only lightweight concrete roof and ceiling panels are installed. However, the thickness of the ceiling structures must not exceed 0.20 m.

Load-bearing walls are generally not required according to the prefabricated system registered here. So outer, house, fire, and all other inner partitions can be made from lightweight materials, solid or multi-layered up to 0.30 m thick, as far as permitted.

The elements (1) to (10) in detail:

As previously shown, the KUBUS elements (1) to (5) and (6) to (10) are largely identical not only in terms of their outlines, but also in their essential design features. Drawing sheet 4 shows the KUBUS basic element (2) in Fig. 4 in longitudinal section, in Fig. 5 in horizontal section and in Figs. 6 and 7 in section.

It consists of four square supports (17) with a cross section of (e / e), an upper circumferential support ring beam (15) with a cross section of (e / l + o), a lower circumferential support ring beam (19) with a cross section of ( e / l + m), an upper outer circumferential cornice ring beam (14) with a cross section of (d / l), a lower outer circumferential cornice ring beam (20) with a cross section of (d / l), an upper inner circumferential support ring beam (16 ) with a cross section of (1 / h), a lower inner circumferential support ring beam (18) with a cross section of (1 / h), four head constructions (13) above the supports and in cross section of the supports with a height of (v), four foot constructions (21) under the supports and in the cross-section of the supports with a height of (v) and four circumferential anchor rail rings (94) (embedded in each case in the center of all inside supports, in all undersides of the upper support ring beams and in all top surfaces of the lower support ring gbalken).

The overall dimensions: (a) for the length, (a: 2-v) for the width and (b) for the height have already been explained, (n) indicates the clear support height of the full floor. This is chosen so that the element (2) when used for. B. in residential construction, taking into account the required clear room heights, the use of suspended ceilings and raised floors (each with the same height) with the resulting advantages for the installation.

The basic element (2) can still be used by choosing (s) as a full floor if the clear room height is required for offices or workplaces. By choosing the clear column spacing of (f) in the longitudinal direction, the basic element (2) is fully usable even for larger meeting rooms, whereby (f) becomes the room width and the required Length of the rooms can be achieved by lining up the basic elements (2). Space-intensive installations must then be dispensed with within this element - or it must be supplemented by adding one of the basic elements (3) or (4).

The basic element (2) with the concrete ceiling laid below and cement or industrial screeds lying above it, which run over the lower supporting ring beams (from element to element) can then already be fully used for the construction of industrial plants, underground garages, etc.

In small buildings z. B. two side-by-side basic elements (2) with the required outer wall parts and finished flat roof construction a double garage. A single element with four walls and a complete flat roof as well as a built-in gate within the clear width of the supports from (g) forms a garage with storage room.

The examples mentioned make it clear that the KUBUS basic element (2) for full storeys is the most important element in terms of space for the construction of buildings, which were mentioned in the application area.

Drawing 8 shows in Fig. 20 the special stairwell element for full storeys (2 ') in longitudinal section to supplement the basic element (2). It is completely identical to the basic element (2) when used in single and two-family houses and also contains a double-flight straight staircase with two twelve steps (gradient ratio (z)), two platforms and a pedestal support beam at the width of the supports. These components are installed in the factory as part of the skeleton frame construction for the basic element (2).

Drawing sheet 9 shows in Fig. 21 the staircase special element (2 ') in the middle in the plan. This element of the staircase shows that the upper and lower roof and ceiling supports have been eliminated beams wider staircases, which are integrated in wall panels between the supports in the longitudinal direction and it can therefore be used in general residential construction. Platforms and other structural parts as in the previously described full-floor elements (2) and (2 ').

Drawing sheet 9 shows two stairwell special elements (2'.2) in the center left in FIG. 21. In order to achieve even wider staircases per element, only one staircase is hung on a wall panel between the supports. With mirror-image assignment and closing of the platforms from one element to the other, a staircase results that can be installed in buildings with heavy public traffic.

Drawing sheet 9 shows two stairwell special elements (2'.1) in the center right in FIG. 21. These are characterized by the fact that they only have straight single stairs, the runs of which have the full clear width between two supports in the width direction and are clamped between two wall panels in the length direction. Two of these elements side by side with or without connecting the platforms form staircases for the heaviest public traffic.

Drawing sheet 9 shows in Fig. 21 top left the special elevator element (2.1) for a large cabin elevator, which, according to length and width, fills the full clear space between the four supports.

Drawing sheet 9 shows the basic element (2.2) with a partition in element width and correspondingly smaller elevator shaft in Fig. 21 bottom right.

On the drawing sheet 9, the basic element (2'.3) with a residential staircase with spiral steps through 180 ° is shown at the bottom right. This staircase system is integrated in three wall panels on the outside. Drawing sheet 9 shows the staircase element (2'.4) with a partition wall in the width of the element and a cantilevered round V / end staircase on the top right in Fig. 21.

Drawing sheet 9 shows the basic element (2'.5) in the top center of Fig. 21 with a partition in element width and an outside square spiral staircase.

The basic element (2.3) with a possible division into rooms by smaller wall panels (three pieces) is shown on the top right of drawing sheet 9.

Drawing sheet 9 shows in Fig. 21 bottom left the special elevator element (7.1) for a small cabin elevator, which according to length and width fills the full clear space between the four supports.

Drawing sheet 9 shows the stair element (7'.1) with a spiral staircase, which is also circular on the outside, at the bottom left in FIG. 21.

On the drawing sheet 9, the stair element (7'.2) with a V-shaped staircase with an outer, square outline is shown in the bottom center of Fig. 21.

On the drawing sheet 4, the KUBUS basic element (7) is also shown in width section in both directions in FIGS. 6 and 7.

Figures 6 and 7 also show that all KUBUS elements (1) to (10) are always set up and assembled at a joint distance of (2 »v).

Drawing sheet 5 shows the KUBUS basic elements (1) and (4) for foundation areas and the KUBUS elements (6) and (9) for foundation areas in Fig. 8 in a longitudinal section, in Fig. 9 in a horizontal section and in the figures 10 and 11 in width section. These elements have the following construction parts with the KUBüS basic element (2): The head and foot constructions (13) and (21) and the lower outer cornice beam (20). They differ in the following features:

The four supports of the same cross-section and the same position (22) only have a height of (b: 4) ./. (2.v), above the cornice beam, the supports run around four sides of wall panel strips - longitudinal panels including angles in the longitudinal direction (27) and wall panels (30) centrally in the width direction (selected panel thickness of (u)), installation openings in lightweight materials are closed in the solid wall panels intended for breakthrough according to requirements of different sizes (23), (26) and (29), upper roof-ceiling tile support beams are integrated between the supports and the wall panels (25) and (32), lower roof-ceiling tile support beams as described above (24) and (31).

The overall dimensions: (a) for the length, (a: 2-v) for the width and (b) for the height have already been explained. On drawing sheet 5, the KUBUS basic elements (6) and (9) are also shown in width section in both directions in FIGS. 10 and 11.

Drawing sheet 6 shows the KUBUS basic element (3) and the KUBUS basic element (8).

12 shows the KUBUS basic element (3) in a longitudinal section, FIG. 13 shows the element (3) in a horizontal section and FIGS. 14 and 15 show the basic element (3) in two width sections.

Figures 14 and 15 again show the element (8) in its longitudinal and width section. The KUBUS basic element (3) has the same construction parts (13) to (21) except (17) as the basic element (2). The same applies to the KUBUS basic element (8) compared to the basic element (7).

The only change in the elements (3) and (8) is that the supports (17) are replaced by the Supports (33) with the smaller clear height dimension of (r). The KUBUS basic elements (3) and (8) are components that are mostly used when there is a high additional space or technology requirement above the basic elements (2) and (7). However, they will also arise if there is a high additional foundation space requirement under elements (2) or (7).

Drawing sheet 7 shows the KUBUS basic elements (5) and (10). The basic element (5) is shown in FIG. 16 in longitudinal section, in FIG. 17 in horizontal section and in FIGS. 18 and 19 in two width sections and the element (10) in the width sections in both directions.

For the basic elements (5) and (10), apart from the fact that the four supports (34) are lower and the upper roof ceiling support beams are omitted, there is complete identical construction with the basic elements (1) and (4).

The elements (5) and (10) differ from the elements (1), (4), (6) and (9) further by lower circumferential wall panes (41) and by installation openings as in the elements (1), (4 ), (6) and (9) but in other sizes (35), (36), (37), (38), (42) and (43).

The KUBUS basic elements (5) and (10) are always used when parapet, balcony and terrace enclosures have to be built or under or above elements already described, additional space is required in the foundation or technical area for installations .

Drawing 8 shows in Fig. 20, in addition to the elements (2 ') already described, the KUBUS staircase element (1') to supplement the basic element (1) with a stair landing and a short single-flight staircase to complement the KUBUS Basic element (3) the staircase supplement element (3 ') with a stair landing and a long straight stair run (length of the run equals a running length in the stairwell element (2')) and to complement the KUBUS basic element (5 ) the stairwell element (5 ') without a pedestal with only a short flight of stairs (e.g. in roof centers).

Drawing sheet 10 shows in Fig. 22 the application of KUBUS basic elements using the example of a rectangular model house. The KUBUS basic elements (7) are shown in the center from top to bottom as a porch, hallway, wet room, dining and pantry, kitchen, edible bar with differential steps and the spiral staircase element with the respective proportions of external and internal walls, technical equipment and objects and the built-in furniture. Right from top to bottom are the basic KUBUS elements (2) for a large bedroom, for a large bathroom (lowered), for a trim room with double-sided wet cells, for a guest room (two people), for a large dining room, for a living area with a winter garden and for a further living area - each with their proportions of external and internal walls, technical facilities and objects, fixed fixtures and loose furniture - in full equipment, so that the elements can leave the factory practically.

The KUBUS basic elements (2) are shown on the left outside from top to bottom with all structural, technical and other equipment for an office room with a porch, two office rooms each with a hallway part, utility room with hallway, children's room with hallway area, large winter garden with differential levels and a large fireplace room.

In this application example it is made clear that the KUBUSGrund elements (2) and (7) in their base areas are above all, according to the invention, excellently taken into account the space requirements in residential and office construction.

Drawing sheet 11 shows in Fig. 23 that when using KüBUS full-floor elements (2) and (7), even inconveniently cut plots - in this example sloping plot boundaries up to 45 - can be built on with the best possible use of the plot area. Fig. 23 also shows further application examples of the full-floor elements (2) and (7) in residential construction in the application example for a model house in the ground floor plan, which is graded in its contours.

The KUBUS full-floor element (2) is shown in its use for a garage with equipment room and differential levels, a two-flight staircase with a 180 ° turn and pantry part, dining room with winter garden and part of edible bar, bathroom with shower and bidet - with toilet and anteroom and difference levels, closet and ladies room and swimming pool, which is lowered to the upper edge of the terrace.

23 also shows further KUBUS full-floor elements (7) in their use as:

Porch and corridor element, living space element with storage cupboard and stair element with a spiral staircase of the smallest diameter.

24 shows a possible partial basement of the ground floor plan shown in FIG. 23 using KUBUS basic elements (2) and (7). The KUBUS basic element (2) is used in this case represented as: storage room for solid fuels, boiler room with chimney and corridor part, work room with corridor part and tank room. The KUBUS basic element (7) is represented as: house connection room and apartment cellar room.

24 also shows a possible subsequent superstructure of the ground floor shown in FIG. 23. The KUBUS basic element (5) is also shown in its application as a balcony with differential levels above the garage and as a terrace on the roof surface.

Fig. 24 also shows a further possible addition of the prescribed upper floor with a second upper floor

Fig. 24 also shows a further possible extension above the second floor, with a full KUBUS floor Element (7) and a full-floor element (2) are shown in their use as a laundry drying and sun terrace.

All in all, a building E + 3 can be built at regular intervals without any conversion costs.

Drawing sheet 13 shows in Fig. 25 in the application example for a rectangular model house that only three KUBUS full-floor elements (2) are sufficient to accommodate the ground floor of a single-family house with a spacious three-room apartment.

Drawing sheet 14 shows in FIG. 26 that for a full basement of the rectangular model house shown in FIG. 25, three further KUBUS full-floor elements (2) are sufficient to obtain the following rooms:

Boiler room, room with oil tank, room for solid fuels, hobby room and house connection room.

The required light wells are already connected to the elements at the factory. Basement external staircases can be supplied as individual elements or, in whole or in part, can also be factory-connected to the full-floor elements.

Drawing sheet 15 shows in FIG. 27 a further application example of the KUBUS full-floor element (2) for a single-family dwelling with a rectangular base area without a basement.

Fig. 27 shows at the bottom left the section through the non-basement detached house in width through the element (2) with spiral staircase and a 45 ° gable roof.

Drawing sheet 16 illustrates in Fig. 28 in an application example for a Husterhaus in angled form the further application of KUBUS full-floor elements (2) and (7), whereby all elements from the application example under Fig. 27 can be used again after only minor conversion measures come. So when using KUBUS elements from one can not under Basemented rectangular medium-sized family house with a gable roof will be a large angular family house with full basement and hipped roof.

Fig. 28 also shows in the basement floor plan three full floor elements (2) according to their use for a large swimming pool with sauna and machine room and in the ground floor floor plan an element (7) for a covered terrace.

Drawing sheet 17 shows in Fig. 29 a longitudinal section through roof-ceiling panels of the elements (2) and (3).

In drawing sheet 17, the horizontal section through ceiling roof panels of elements (2) and (3) is shown in Fig. 29.1. In the inner corners of the inner circumferential roof-ceiling panel support beams, four installation openings with a cross-section of (0.30 / 0.30 m) prepared (93). Circular cutouts for spiral staircases (50) for diameters from the inner edge of the support beam to the inner edge of the support beam or from the inside of the support beam to the inside of the support beam are indicated.

Drawing sheet 17 shows in Fig. 29.2 two horizontal sections through roof-ceiling tile layers in the elements (7) and (8). These elements also have installation openings (93) with a cross section of (0.30 / 0.30 m) prepared in their four corners. The possible circular cutouts (50) from the ceiling tile layers are also indicated here.

Drawing sheet 17 shows in Fig. 29.3 the longitudinal section through a roof ceiling tile valid for the elements (2), (3), (7) and (8) as well as a section through the roof ceiling tiles in width for the elements (7) and (8).

Drawing sheet 18 shows in Fig. 30 the roof slabs for the elements (1), (4) and (5) in longitudinal section. Drawing sheet 18 shows in Fig. 30.1 a horizontal section through ceiling roof panels of elements (1), (4) and (5).

Drawing sheet 18 shows in Fig. 30.2 two horizontal sections through the roof ceiling panels of elements (6), (9) and (10).

Drawing sheet 18 shows in Fig. 30.3 the longitudinal section through a roof ceiling panel in elements (1), (4), (5), (6), (9) and (10) and a section through the panel widths for the elements ( 6), (9) and (10).

Also within the roof-ceiling panels for elements (1), (4), (5), (6), (9) and (10) are circular cutouts for spiral staircases (50) and in all four corners of the roof-ceiling panel structures installation openings (93) indicated in the cross section of (0.30 / 0.30m). Cutouts and openings are exactly above or below those of elements (2), (3), (7) and (8). However, due to the other element designs, they have no direct contact with structural parts of the element itself.

Drawing 19 shows in Fig. 31 possible ceiling / roof tile positions in the diagram (vertical section) with an arbitrary arrangement of KUBUS basic elements (1) to (10) one below the other. Fig. 31 clearly shows in the representation of the central stairwell that the KUBUS basic elements (1) to (10) are characterized as a special feature in that they can always be walked through with the same gradient ratio. However, it will also be seen that ceiling tiles can lie at any level within the vertical grid at the smallest distance of 0.85 m or in the normal grid of 1.05 m. On the other hand, it is also possible to build high tower and shaft systems with roof closings without any intermediate ceiling tile layer.

DRAWING SHEET 20 FIG. 32 provides only partial extracts for the formation of outer walls using gas concrete slabs 50 cm or 62.5 cm wide, as well as some examples of additional ones Arrangement of auxiliary supports insofar as these are statically required.

Particularly noteworthy, as very cheap in the assembly process of outer walls made of gas concrete slabs for the KUBUS basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8) on outer wall corners, which are mitred (80) and (81) are assembled, and on different constructions for facade closure from element to element such as outer wall element joint (87) by placing a fitting plate from support to pillar, outer wall element joint (88) by truncated pyramid-shaped fitting plate, outer wall element joint (89) by placing a fitting plate between two "outer walls", outer wall element joint (91) through T-shaped fitting to the outer edge of the cornice and placing a fitting plate between two "outer walls".

There are basically no load-bearing outer walls when building with KUBUS elements.

Auxiliary supports (58) clamped in the middle at the bottom depending on the requirements, auxiliary supports (59) clamped in the middle at the bottom three-quarters as required and auxiliary supports (60) clamped in at the top and bottom depending on the requirements and structural analysis.

Drawing sheet 21 shows in Fig. 33 in a perspective diagram with sections the most important construction details of the KUBUS basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8) which have been described up to here, supplemented by external walls and roof ceiling panels become.

Fig. 33 also shows three further design features for building using KUBUS basic elements: Basically, all of the cornice beams running around the top and bottom of the outside are designed in the form of a water leg (upper slope and lower water nose) in their outer third.

In general, all exterior and interior walls and all roofing slabs are stored on PVC or rubber bearings that are in the center of the support joints and are generally (v: 2) high. The KUBUS basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8) have four circumferential anchor rail rings - profiles according to structural requirements - in the middle of the inner sides of the supports and upper, especially for absorbing external wall loads - and undersides of the support beams lying.

Drawing sheet 22 shows the largest possible outer wall openings in Fig. 34.

With their clear structural dimensions, the width and length of the KUBUS basic elements (2) and (7) can always extend from column to column. Even the narrow strip between two supports in the transition from element to element can be used in the full width of the support spacing to create openings in the outer wall area.

The clear height dimension depends on the respective use or the degree of expansion of the KUBUS full-floor elements. However, the full clear interior height can always be the height for the outer wall openings to be created.

For the facade design, as shown in FIG. 34, the horizontal lines that result from the construction of the KUBUS basic elements (1) to (10) and the cornice beams that run continuously through the top and bottom can be used. Mandatory visible outer wall joints only occur with restrictions at intervals of the length of the KUBUS basic elements (1) to (10) over everything in the joint area from element to element.

In addition to the outer walls made of gas concrete slabs with an outer plastic coating, all known multi-layer outer wall systems can also be installed in the KUBUS basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8).

With the previously mentioned outer wall constructions, it is also possible to detach from the vertical joints and arrange them at other locations according to your own visual perception. It is even conceivable to get rid of the joint and cornice beams in the horizontal by choosing a multi-layered outer wall system with, for example, an outer light metal facade shell, which is then in front of the End faces of the cornice beams and thus covers even these structural parts of the KUBUS basic elements (1) to (10).

The solid wall connections developed for element-to-element external wall connections, in particular, offer an optical outer facade division: wall plate with a truncated pyramid-shaped cross-section (88) (forming two vertical joints at a greater distance) and the T-shaped wall connection part that is flush with the projecting cornice beams on the outside , in conjunction with the horizontal element joints and cornice beams, extremely varied options for structuring the facade for a wide variety of building projects.

It is found that the KUBUS basic elements (1) to (10) of the architectural facade design developed according to the invention leave all possibilities open.

Drawing sheet 23 shows in Fig. 35 from the myriad of possibilities of opening designs in outer walls some examples in vertical section.

Fig. 35 shows a double window-door construction with an internal blind at the top left outside with a height from the suspended ceiling to the raised floor or to the floor above the bare ceiling (96).

A double window door system (97; with a small roller blind box lying above the suspended ceiling, with the roller blind running between the window constructions, is shown in the top center right at the same heights mentioned.

Above it is shown that with window door openings with

Roller blind boxes it will be necessary to lower the suspended ceiling and, if necessary, the erected floor.

In the top right, in the middle, there is a door and window opening with a fighter (98) underneath, and in the top right, a simple window and door construction without division with roller shutters (99) is shown. Fig. 35 also shows at the bottom left outside that the largest roller shutter boxes (103) for door / window heights of around 3.00 m always form a visible lintel box even under suspended ceilings.

At the bottom left in the middle you can see a door-window element in a double-shell construction with a blind installed in the middle (105). At the bottom left is also a single window (104), which only leads from the lintel to the parapet height.

Fig. 35 shows two further possibilities at the bottom right, which are given in height in the case of door window constructions, if these lead from suspended ceilings to raised floors or to floor constructions on bare ceilings. At the bottom right in the middle is a simple door-window element with fighter divisions at the top and bottom (101) and box for indirect lighting (102) on the lintel.

A simple window / door combination with only one lower fighter and one roller blind box (100) is shown at the bottom right.

Drawing sheet 24 shows inner walls in FIG. 36. These are fundamentally not load-bearing when building with KUBUS elements.

Inside walls within the KUBUS full-storey elements (2) and (7) can be set up in all thicknesses and even in thicknesses of external walls anywhere at any point within the element base areas (except for the full joint widths between the elements).

Fig. 36 shows from the myriad of possible variations due to the layout, only a few examples of inner walls which are massively assembled from gas concrete slabs.

However, interior walls can generally also be created in all known multi-layer wall systems for lightweight partition walls. If necessary, there are only special connections Developing pieces that are required to close interior wall gaps in the joint area from element to element. For this purpose, FIG. 36 also shows a gas concrete slab having a truncated pyramid-shaped cross section (119) or a rectangular slab (120) to be inserted bluntly.

For edged door openings within the inner walls of any size, only known telescopic frame elements should be used expediently (if necessary with only minor changes to the adaptation).

Drawing sheet 25 shows in Fig. 37 interior walls in vertical width section in their different heights.

In Fig. 37 above the following interior walls are shown from left to right:

A light partition wall with a thickness of 15 cm ending at the top within the suspended ceiling (123), a fire wall / apartment or house partition wall with a thickness of 20 cm running up to the upper edge of the inner supporting beam (124), a low inner partition wall in a suspended ceiling in the Housing ending (125), an inner wall 15 cm thick from the top of the girder to the underside of the girder (126), an inner partition 15 cm thick reaching to the top of two height-offset suspended ceilings (127) and the thinnest inner partition (10 cm thick) of medium height then with the top of a suspended ceiling (128). For the interior and interior walls, light partitions, apartment / house partitions described above or below, it can be said that these can be made from lightweight construction, since there are no load-bearing interior walls when building with KUBUS elements. In Fig. 37, only solid walls are made, assembled from gas concrete slabs.

Drawing sheet 25 shows in Fig. 37 below from left to right the height of further inner walls in section such as: Weakest partition wall only 10 cm thick to the underside of the upper inner support beam (129), a 15 cm thick inner wall from the upper edge of the unfinished ceiling to the lower edge of the unfinished ceiling (130), example of an interior wall that was not designed to be as high as the room through a raised floor (131) that was used during construction KUBUS elements best fire / house or apartment partition 20 cm thick in the height from the top to the bottom and bottom of the upper cornice beams (like an outer wall) (132), a partition only 10 cm thick with the top of a suspended ceiling ending (133) and another Fire or Apartment partition wall with a thickness of 20 cm, but its height only extends from the lower to the upper support beam (134).

Apart from the only exception, where the inside walls can have the same height as the outside walls, basically all possible types of inside walls with a joint spacing (v: 2) are placed on the upper sides of the supporting ring beams or on the lower ceiling panels.

Drawing sheet 26 shows in Fig. 38 top left construction and assembly details such as joints, anchors and bearings for ceilings and walls.

The right part of FIG. 38 shows: Gas concrete outer wall elements have threaded bolts connected to the reinforcement. The end faces of the support ring beams are glued on with thermal insulation. The outer wall is placed on a rubber or soft PVC profile (v: 2) high on the outer lower cornice beam. The threaded bolts are anchored and aligned using steel angle plates in the anchor channels, which are embedded in the center of the supports. The resulting joints (v: 2) between the outer wall panels and the upper and lower cornice beams and the upper and lower support beams are stuffed with thermal insulation material and permanently sealed at their outer ends. Loads from the outer walls are not reduced to this, when building with IIUBUS elements lower cornice beams removed.

Ceiling and roof panels made of heavy or lightweight concrete are also generally stored on the inner circumferential supporting ring beams on (v: 2) high rubber or soft PVC joint tapes. The resulting vertical and horizontal joints are either filled with a plastic mortar, or stuffed with thermal insulation material and, if necessary, sealed with a permanent elastic seal.

Note of a basic kind: All freely visible steel parts used when building with KUBUS elements are basically coated in such a way that. rust is prevented in the long run.

In Fig. 38 steel connection angles are shown, the size and number of pieces for the attachment of outer walls in the circumferential anchor channels depends on the structural analysis. This also applies to the arrangement of mounting brackets. Fig. 38 shows on the right the already described possibility of mounting the outer walls by fastening in the lintel area against the underside of the upper support ring beam or the attachment of the outer wall base area against the upper side of the lower support ring beam and only a medium mounting angle against the support.

Drawing sheet 26 shows in Fig. 39 the formation and assembly of fire walls for the KUBUS element frame and for ceilings with their joint, anchor and bearing connections.

39 shows in its left half a fire wall on the left, which closes from the top of the lower ceiling to the underside of the upper ceiling. To assemble the wall, a steel T-profile with a short standing bridge is attached to the lower ceiling. Right and left of this web are glued joint strips of rubber or W _e I PVC. To hold the fire wall at the top, a steel T-profile is also used against the underside of the upper ceiling, but with a longer standing bridge attached. The gas concrete fire wall panels shown have a groove at the top and bottom, the upper one being deeper than the lower one. When setting up the wall, the lower bar bearing construction is surrounded with cement or plastic mortar, the wall plate with its upper groove is pushed up to the stop over the upper bar and lowered over the lower bar and bearing profiles. The top groove and joint to the ceiling are closed in pure cement mortar or briefly plastic plastic mortar. The already closed joints to the ceilings above and below are then permanently elastic on both sides. Instead of the mortar joints, cement-asbestos fibers can also be used to close.

Fig. 39 shows in the left half on the right a fire wall with assembly, but advantageously arranged above against the end face of the circumferential supporting ring beam. As an alternative or in addition, fastening by means of steel mounting brackets against the underside of the supporting ring beam and to the fire wall surface is possible. This angle and its steel fastening parts are to be covered with a known fire protection material.

In Fig. 39, a fire wall is shown on the right-hand side, which corresponds to the height and arrangement of the KUBUS structural element frame of an external wall. This wall can initially be set up using the same means as already described and installed as a fire wall against the front sides of the upper and lower supporting ring beams and to the cornice beams. However, this wall is held and supported by the three steel mounting brackets. Again, however, including the anchor channels, these must be covered with known fire protection materials.

Drawing sheet 26 shows the formation and assembly of interior partitions of light design with their joints, anchors and bearings. Fig. 40 shows in the left half the assembly of inner walls - for example made of solid gas concrete slabs - if these do not close off against a raw component of the KUBUS elements. These are placed on a joint profile tape (v: 2) high between two continuous ones Steel angle rails placed on the bare ceiling. These walls are held at the top by superimposed U-steel profiles, which are mounted against massive outer wall panels using steel angle plates.

In the left half of FIG. 40, a double-shell lightweight partition is shown on the right, the height of which does not lead to massive parts of the KUBUS body shell and is therefore assembled with all parts as already described.

Fig. 40 shows in its right half inner walls with their mounting parts when these walls connect to the top of raw components (KUBU element frames or ceiling panels). For example, a wall made of gas concrete slabs, which is flush with an end face of a structural component, held there only with a flat steel strip and a continuous steel bracket mounted on the opposite side.

Fig. 40 also shows on the far right assemblies of double-walled lightweight partition walls against a solid ceiling also at the top. It makes sense to mount these walls above and below between steel angles running through on both sides.

Drawing sheet 26 shows bottom and right in Fig. 41 outer and inner walls with their wall connections from KUBUS element to element over the element joints in a horizontal surface section and at the bottom the position of vertical outer wall joints according to architectural requirements in the facade view.

Fig. 41 shows at the very top the connection of solid gas concrete inner walls with a thickness of 15 cm by means of a truncated pyramid of shaped wall panels »Below this, Fig. 41 shows the same connection for a 10 cm thick gas concrete inner wall.

Fig. 41 below shows the wall connection for a 10 cm thick, double-skin lightweight wall by planking on both sides against H-shaped upright profiles. Below this, however, the same wall connection is shown for a light double-skin partition with a thickness of 15 cm.

In the lower half, Fig. 41 shows truncated pyramid-shaped wall panels for closing between KUBUS elements in the outer facade area and below, as influenced by the choice of differently wide connecting panels. Location of the vertical facade joints can be taken in the view. V / ie already described for the outer walls in Fig. 38, threaded bolts also protrude from the truncated pyramid-shaped outer wall panels. Before assembly, these element connecting plates are provided with thermal insulation strips on their narrow, sloping faces and in front of and behind them permanently elastic joints all around. For fastening in the outer wall, U-shaped steel brackets made of square tube with round openings are fastened between two supports from one element to the other in the vertical anchor rails of the supports. The threaded bolts of the truncated pyramid-shaped wall plate are pushed through these openings. By tightening nuts, these wall panels are pressed in between the outer wall ends of two elements flush with them on the outside.

Drawing sheet 27 shows in Fig. 42 the possibilities of a column head and column foot formation 'A' on the left half of the sheet and the possibility of a column head and column foot formation 'B' on the right side.

The illustrated column head developed according to the invention

Apprenticeships are primarily used for transportation in the Vertical of the KUBUS basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8) (as shown) and for transporting the elements (1), (4), (5), (6), (9) and (10) in a smaller version.

The column foot designs were especially invented in the size shown by up to 90% structural and technical as well as furnishings completed KUBUS basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8) after movements in the vertical both during the Factory production - especially in the case of on-site assembly to ensure the softest possible placement when stacking the KUBUS basic elements on top of each other. In order to avoid hard installation processes with the KUBUS basic elements (1), (4), (5), (9) and (10), column foot designs according to 'A' or 'B', but used in smaller and weaker forms.

The column head design 'A' consists of a solid steel plate with the thickness of (v) and a base area that corresponds to the cross section of the respective element columns. The column head plate is pierced in the middle by an upper round opening at a height of (v: 2) and a lower round opening which has a smaller diameter - also in height (v: 2). A steel sleeve with an internal thread is attached under the solid steel plate. This has the same inner diameter as the lower, smaller circular opening in the column head plate and is closed from below by a metal plate. To transport the elements vertically, eyelet screws are inserted into the four threaded sleeves of an element

The dimensions of the column head designs according to 'A' and 'B * are verified in the course of the structural analysis for the KUBUS raw element frames, including their anchoring. After that, the strengths of the eyelet screws and the diameter of the sleeve tubes will be determined. Immediately after the settling process on site has been completed, the eyebolts are removed and the open threaded sleeves are closed by inserting metal plates. The four column base designs of the respective KUBUS elements have the same solid steel plates as base plates with a height of (v) as the column head plates with a central opening in the largest diameter (inside) of the steel tube directly attached to the base plate with an upper lid closure. In accordance with static verification, taking into account the respective degree of expansion of the KUBUS basic elements, strong springs made of special steel are fastened in the center of the cover of the steel cylinder described above. Among other things, these springs are calculated so that when the elements are in suspension, they relax only to such an extent that the outer steel sleeve to which they are connected at the lower end is still guided within the steel shell surrounding them, the outermost cylinder and the opening in the footplate becomes. The steel spring itself can only move in the innermost steel tube with the smallest diameter, which is attached to the lid of the steel tube with the largest diameter.

Fig. 42 shows the column foot formation 'B' at the top right. This consists of a solid steel base plate in the shapes and dimensions already described. However, it has a circular opening with the largest diameter. This is also the inside diameter of the steel cylinder above it, which is connected to the footplate and covered at the top. In the middle of the steel plate, which closes the tube cylinder at the top, a special shock absorber (possibly developed and built by specialist companies) is attached to the inside of the steel cylinder surrounding it by means of two eyelet constructions.

For these column foot designs 'B', the underlying KUBUS basic elements must be equipped with the column head designs 'B'. These have clearances in the form of a segment of a circle in the top plate and cover plate above the threaded sleeves - the upper diameter is larger than the lower special shock absorber end that snaps into it. 42 also shows connections to the column head and foot plates with each other in the left and in the right half of the sheet. In the middle on the far left, the head and foot plates are welded to one another by means of a flat steel strip which covers the joint of the plates. On the left half of the sheet, in the center right, only a welded connection is shown at the transition from the top to the bottom plate. On the right half of the sheet is a loose connection by means of a square flat steel ring, which surrounds column head and column base plates at a certain distance, so that from the lower to the upper element z. B. In the event of an earthquake, there is some possibility of movement. These flat steel rings are welded together horizontally from element to element using flat steel strips. The connection work described above is carried out within the joints resulting from the stacking of KUBUS basic elements with a work area of (2.v) height.

Drawing sheet 28 shows possible anchor connections in the vertical and in the horizontal plane in FIG. 43. Various connections between or within the KUBUS basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8) are shown at random. The exact nature of these connections within or between elements will always be determined on a case-by-case basis by the static analysis. This also applies to the entire measurement of all individual parts.

Fig. 43 shows wind anchor connections, as required between the supporting parts of the KUBUS basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8) themselves or in the gaps from element to element in the vertical plane be installed diagonally. This can be done in the aforementioned areas within or between two elements in a crossed form to all four corners.

43 also shows horizontal anchor connections which always support the supports in the area of the element joints Connect the foot and head plates of two elements to be assembled next to each other. This happens in the area of the horizontal element joints, which result from the stacking of the elements. These horizontal anchors can be used to create element connections with each other to all developed KUBUS basic elements (1) to (10).

Drawing sheet 29 in FIG. 44 shows wind anchor connections to be used diagonally in the vertical plane and anchor connections in the horizontal plane.

44 anchor connections are shown both in rigid constructions and in movable constructions by using springs. The latter will be used preferentially when building in earthquake-prone areas.

Fig. 44 shows in vertical sections through supports directly under the support head - or directly above the support foot formations as shown in Fig. 42 that four cross-threaded bushings are embedded in the supports, which connections for all four support sides provide horizontal anchors. For the production of horizontal anchor connections in rigid form, two threaded steel bushes opposite each other, protruding steel threaded pieces in front of the supports, are screwed in. Rod ends on both sides of a steel rod are used to make the connection. This makes it possible to compensate for smaller tolerances that arise when the KUBUS basic elements are stacked in height. A shorter threaded bushing is pushed over a joint head, the depth of which corresponds to the thread length by which a steel threaded piece protrudes in front of the support. Above the joint head at the other end of the rod there is a correspondingly longer bushing, which only has a thread in its front half and is dimensioned in length in such a way that it can be screwed tight with the steel threaded piece that protrudes beyond the other support. By strictly tightening the longer connection socket, an anchor is created that creates a rigid connection between two elements. In the lower half of the drawing sheet 29, a horizontal anchor connection is shown by means of the same construction parts as described. To establish a movable but tensioned connection, only the rigid steel rod is replaced with a strong spring at the ends of which there are also rod ends.

44 further horizontal element connections are shown at the top and bottom at the top and bottom plates, respectively. These are also visible in FIG. 42 and have already been described there. It should be added that these element-to-element connections can also be made using rods or springs, depending on the requirements, using the construction parts shown above.

Drawing sheet 29 shows in the middle the vertical, diagonal, also crosswise possible wind anchor connections. In addition to the representations, these can also be used in mirror image within the KUBUS basic elements (2), (3) (7) and (8). In the center right, the round steel cross is shown in the horizontal section with the option of attaching anchors to all four support sides. From the vertical sections it can be seen that these round steel crosses are always directly below the upper cross bushings - or immediately above the lower cross bushings in the supports.

Devices for diagonal wind anchor connections within the supports - regardless of whether they are intended for elements (2), (3), (7) or (8 - should always be of the same type within the supports at the top and bottom. The devices are therefore as follows educated: Steel hooks are placed upwards or downwards over round steels of the round steel crosses. At one end there are rod ends. Steel threaded bushings close behind these rod ends. There is a sheet metal hood around the round steel of the steel hook and over the bushings, which is flush with the outside of the support and offers an oval movement space in the support, as shown below left, for the different diagonal profiles of the wind anchors to be installed.

Steel rods are screwed into the threaded bushings located within the supports, which have rod ends at their other end, over which in turn correspondingly long threaded bushings are placed. These design features also have the anchor devices of the opposite supports, which are located above or below. The only difference is that shorter threaded bushings are located above their rod ends. Rigid diagonal wind anchor connections are finally made between these devices, which are located opposite each other at the top and bottom, by fully screwing a round steel rod with opposing threads at its ends into the shorter socket, but also just screwing it into the longer socket and tightening it can.

A flexible but still exciting diagonal wind anchor connection is achieved by taking a piece out of the round steel rod described above and placing a special steel spring in this gap.

Depending on the arrangement or position of the diagonal anchor connections from element to element, within the longitudinal direction of the elements (2) and (3) or within the elements (7) and (8), there are different lengths in the diagonals. These dimensional differences are only ever made by using shorter or longer round steel bars with opposite threads or at this point shorter or longer spring-rod constructions also bridged with opposite threads at the rod ends.

All individual steel parts of the above-described constructions must be made of rustproof materials as far as they are visible or exposed, or they must be protected against rust by appropriate coatings.

Drawing sheet 30 shows in Fig. 45 ceiling constructions (suspended) with the ceiling suspension constructions developed for building with KUBUS basic elements in a vertical section.

It is shown from top to bottom that, in accordance with the most varied positions of solid ceilings, height is compensated for by using appropriately long suspension rods.

In the case of very heavy suspended ceilings and solid ceilings made of gas concrete, it is possible to penetrate them with the suspension rods and create cross anchors at the top. Suspended ceilings are also resiliently suspended due to the elastic support joints of the solid ceilings, but in addition the suspension rods are attached at their upper ends by means of springs that can contribute to a soft ceiling suspension.

The formation of suspended ceilings is basically also possible in a graduated form.

The installation of all known mounting ceiling systems (from case to case without any change) is guaranteed.

In order to be able to complete up to 90% of the structural suspended ceilings for transport even if this does not have its own solid ceiling, steel is used in the width direction of the elements at a distance from the suspension structures from ceiling-roof support beams to ceiling-roof support beams -T rails mounted and the described Sloping structures attached.

The suspension constructions for suspended ceilings developed for building with KUBUS elements are characterized by the fact that up to 90% of suspended ceilings are prefabricated element by element in the factory for the first time and after installation of the elements by the customer, a compensation of low height tolerances from element to element by area-wise lifting or Lowering can be done without dismantling the ceiling.

The drawing sheet 30 in FIG. 46 also shows the floor constructions (erected on top) specially developed for this purpose for building with KUBUS basic elements (but only for elements (2) and (7)) in vertical section.

Due to their design, these also enable the subsequent compensation of low height tolerances from element to element and, like the suspended ceilings, only open up the possibility of completing full storeys in a building under construction up to 90 fo.

By using stilts of different heights, it is possible, as far as this is permissible within the clear room heights to be maintained, to create gradations within the floor areas. Especially when used as installation floors, additional space is gained for the technical expansion, which can also be completed at the factory by up to 90% when building with KUBUS building elements.

Known floor construction types can only be used for very heavily used top coverings (e.g. in industry) and for floors in IT wet rooms.

Drawing sheet 31 shows in horizontal sections the ceiling hanger arrangements in Fig. 47 and the stilts It is of particular importance, as shown in the upper half of the sheet, when building with KUBUS elements (2) and (7) that, compared to the known suspended ceiling and installation floor systems, larger-sized ceiling and floor slabs up to 1.00 / 1.00 m and be laid larger.

When arranging ceiling hangers and stilts, care must be taken to ensure that they close to the outside with all-round raw components of the KUBUS elements, in order to ensure that the finished ceiling and floor surfaces are blocked off for transport element by element.

V / ie also shown in FIGS. 47 and 48, connections between ceiling hangers with each other and connections between stilts with each other square over all four corners, but also in strips in both directions with only individual stiffeners in the opposite directions can be connected.

Even floor constructions that are erected on their own are elastic just by storing the raw ceilings on rubber or soft PVC tapes. The elasticity when walking on these stilted floors can be increased by placing soft PVC under the footplates of the stilts

In its upper half in drawing 49, drawing sheet 32 shows detailed sections through the ceiling-suspension constructions specially developed for building with KUBUS elements - from right to left - including the anchorages:

A head plate is connected to a raw ceiling made of lightweight material using two gas concrete dowels and special screws. A round steel rod is attached in the middle of the head plate. The length of this rod depends on the height of the ceiling to be suspended. A threaded bushing is attached centrally to the steel rod with its upper cover. By Be Fixing L-shaped sheet steel angles crosswise against the outer jacket of a steel tube, four U-shaped hooks are formed for the ceiling to be attached. The steel tube piece is closed at the top with an upper steel cover, which has a correspondingly large round central opening. A solid steel cylinder has a large deep notch at the bottom and a round top plate at the top, the diameter of which is slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the steel tube. Small ball bearings are embedded on the top of this head plate and a steel threaded bolt is attached in the center. This bolt is screwed through the opening of the steel tube cover to the threaded bushing so that a third of the thread height remains free. A small square or round opening inside the suspended ceiling above the notch of the steel cylinder enables readjustment at any time.

49 shows a ceiling hanger construction, the round steel hanger of which is held by a loop in the surface of a lightweight concrete ceiling via a cross bar and has a threaded piece with a small footplate at its lower end. A longer piece of steel pipe has a threaded insert in its upper third. This is used to screw the steel pipe to the threaded part of the round steel hanger up to the upper end. The possibility of hanging the ceiling is the same as for the ceiling hanger shown on the right. For readjustment, however, the ceiling must be loosened here in order to be able to turn the entire steel tube with the four hooks in total.

Fig. 49 shows a ceiling-suspension construction in the middle left, which is connected to it in a heavy concrete component via an anchor rail. The round steel hanger is anchored in it. A threaded tube is inserted into a steel pipe section that is open on both sides up to a lower third of the height. A threaded bolt, which is attached to a notch at the bottom and receives a peripheral support edge, is fully inserted into the Screwed steel pipe piece and receives a small head plate that prevents the threaded bolt from spinning downwards. Before this, a steel ring in the shape of an upside down L's with the attached hooks for the ceiling suspension was pushed over. With this ceiling hanger construction, it is also possible to readjust through the round or square openings in the finished ceiling.

On the far left, Fig. 49 shows the ceiling hanger construction shown on the far right in the view, but with an anchoring in a heavy concrete component by means of a circular segment shell with a crossbar open at the bottom. The round steel hanger is bent over and secured against opening below the shell to form the round steel. Furthermore, it is shown in section that two small flat steel plates can be fixed against the steel tube at a distance. These then serve as supports for T-steel rails (similar to Fig. 50, top right) when cross beams, for example across wide ventilation ducts, are required within suspended ceilings.

Drawing sheet 32 shows in the lower half in Fig. 50 the element-specific specially developed floor stilts construction in vertical sections and a partial view.

It is shown on the left that the stilts are composed of the individual components described below according to their functions:

A square steel base plate with screw openings in two diagonally opposite corners or in all four corners for fastening to the bare ceiling using screws (with dowels) or stone anchors. If necessary, a soft PVC plate can also be inserted between the leveled raw ceiling and the base plate. A pipe section made of steel with an internal thread is placed on the steel base plate up to a height of two thirds of the pipe section put on. From above, a long round steel bolt with a lower thread is screwed in length like the internal thread in the pipe section with a smooth upper part with a final deep notch. Then the steel tube section is closed at the top around the bolt by a steel ring cover and a steel plate ring is attached to the smooth bolt part. In this steel ring there are ball bearings for very heavily loaded top floors to make it easier to turn the upper part - otherwise the steel ring surfaces are only smoothly treated. Another steel plate ring of the same diameter with the same cavities for the ball bearings (or only ground smooth on the underside) is loosely placed from above. Another piece of steel pipe, which remains open at the top, is attached to it.

Fig. 50 shows in a section on the right side directly in front of the ring plates that between the latter, the aforementioned ring plate and the steel tube outer jacket, two steel support plates, which conically widen upwards, are always inserted at the same distance from one another.

T-steel rails are placed between and on these support plates to form the base plate layer grid. The support plates are positioned lower on the upper pipe section by the material thickness of the T-steel rails. To avoid impact sound, the T-steel rails do not quite reach the outer jacket of the upper pipe section and the tops of support plates and T-rails as well as the pipe section are covered with a hood made of rubber or soft PVC from above. The rubber or soft PVC stickers on the tops of support plates and T-rails have a strip shape.

The height of the stilts constructions depends on the distance between the top floors and the raw ceilings. The lower stirrer and the total bolt must be extended or shortened accordingly. By the smallest round or square notches in the joint of the Corners of four floor slabs can be quickly and easily adjusted on-site by the notch of the bolt to adjust floor surfaces that have been laid at the factory to adjust the height from element to element.

All parts of the ceiling suspension and floor support structures are statically verified in all their parts from case to case. The entire steel components are made of stainless steel or coated permanently against rust.

Special elements

To achieve an even more relaxed architecture but also to be able to meet purely visual requirements inside the building, special elements to the described KUBUS basic elements (1) to (10) are possible with only minor modifications.

The following special elements are mentioned here:

The special element (1 ") as a balcony element. A cantilevered concrete slab is connected to the full length of the lower supporting beam in the longitudinal direction of the element (2). The balcony slab has a width of ((a: 2-v): 2).

The special element (2 ") has on one long side a balcony slab that is also connected to the lower supporting beam, but has a circular segment-shaped base with a pitch of ((a: 2-v): 2).

The special element (3 ") is designed like the KUBUS basic element (7), but with a rectangular balcony slab of the same depth as that described for element (1"), which is additionally worked onto the lower supporting beams in the longitudinal or width direction. The special element (4 ") differs from the special element (3") in that the attached balcony plate is not rectangular but semi-circular.

The special element (5 ") is designed like the special element (1") but supplemented by an additional balcony plate, as described above, on the wide side.

The special element (6 ") consists of the special element (2") but is also supplemented by an additional balcony plate on the width side.

The special element (7 ") is designed like the element (3") but has an additional balcony plate worked on in a corner.

The special element (8 ") consists of the special element (4") and has an additional balcony plate arranged in a corner.

In the case of the special elements shown, it is also possible to place element-high outer walls instead of the balcony parapets or railings and to slam the surfaces obtained into the rooms behind.

In all cases of architecture, which includes load-bearing parts of the shell construction in the overall design of a building, the basic KUBUS elements (2), (3), (7) and (8) can also be modified with round supports and rounded lower support beam rings as special elements (9 "), (10"), (11 ") and (12").

This is just a small excerpt from the almost inexhaustible options for modifying the basic elements (1) to (10) - whereby the main design features of the KUBUS basic elements are always retained. Dimensions

Dimensions are entered in the drawing sheets 1 to 32 using code letters. The code letters from (A) to (C) and (a) to (z) are each provided in a directory with precise information in the metric system.

Since the change of only one of these dimensions is equivalent to the loss of one of the advantages of the developed building system and the departure of several dimensions, the functionality of the developed prefabricated building system as a whole is questioned, all dimensions given are essential for the overall invention.

Sequence of element production at the factory and assembly of buildings on the property side

After architect planning of structural work and expansion and project planning of the technical expansion, coordinated with the length, width and height grid of the KUBUS basic elements and their structural parts according to building-related structural verification, it can be assumed that every steel or concrete plant with the Facilities for large-volume prefabricated structures for the production of the KUBUS basic elements (1) to (10).

Ideal prerequisites for the construction of the shell-frame constructions made of concrete and for further structural and technical expansion up to a production level of 90% would be e.g. bring a precast concrete plant as described below:

An approximately 100.00 m long and 60.00 m wide industrial building with a pitched roof in the longitudinal direction and on both eaves approx.10.00 m high above the ground has a hall warehouse in the middle in the longitudinal direction in which the reinforcement structures are prepared. There can also be a central concrete mixing plant with silos or boxes for aggregates. The required concrete can also be delivered to the factory as ready-mixed concrete.

Two oval production lines run around the warehouse. The long straight lines of these production lines lead via four gates in the narrow sides of the hall to about 100 m into the storage spaces in front and behind the industrial site. Over the two oval production lines in the hall and their straight extensions into the terrain, there are trolley constructions at approx. 10.00 m height with square special traverses hanging underneath, which are able to support KUBUS grounds weighing up to 20 tonnes and 90% removed -Elements can be easily lifted and transported horizontally. The two production lines to the right of the warehouse are used to manufacture the structural elements. The import of steel formwork, the other steel construction parts, aggregates for the concrete production as well as all element-related wall and ceiling panels takes place via the two front gates of the hall. To the right of these unfinished production lines on the ground floor and on the first floor at the very front are the administrative rooms and then from front to back are the storage and work rooms of all companies in their trade-related sequence according to the unfinished production process. Completed structural elements can then immediately be moved to the left production lines for further expansion or brought over the two rear doors on the right of the hall and temporarily stored outdoors. The body-in-white elements are protected in the field by covers made of transparent films.

As a further addition, the elements are brought to the two production lines for expansion via the rear left gates. To the left of the expansion production lines, in the longitudinal direction of the industrial building on the ground floor and first floor, are storage and work rooms of all the necessary companies for the structural and technical expansion the order of their trade-specific use.

The up to 90% completed KUBUS building elements are transported over the straight extensions of the finishing production line through the two front gates and temporarily stored on site. Unless they have four outer walls and a finished flat roof construction, they are again protected against the weather by a cover made of transparent film.

When installing the steel formwork on the vibrating plates in the manufacturing plant, with all intermediate storage and when transporting on heavy-duty truck trailers, make sure that when installing support feet in KUBUS basic elements in the training according to 'A' or 'B' There is clearance between the lower edge of the lower support ring beam and the support surface at a distance of about 0.30 m, so that the damper constructions are not stressed before the elements are put in place.

The description of some application examples already referred to the structural preparatory work required on the property and the sequence of the structural assembly of KUBUSGrund elements and is described in detail in the following section when describing the advantages of building with KUBUSGrund elements.

At this point, it is pointed out that all basic elements contain the components required for the building shell, structural and technical expansion required for connection and closure from one element to the other. These are, for example, truncated pyramid-shaped exterior and interior wall panels, ceiling panels, anchor connections, remaining hangers and stilts with ceiling and floor panels, prepared wooden cladding for supports, slide-over pipes and all other technical components for producing the flexible element connections In accordance with their identification according to their location within the floor plans, the KÜBUS prefabricated solid construction cells arrive at the building site in the planned assembly cycle. The heavy crane systems and assembly columns required for assembly are ready. For the transport of the KUBUS basic elements in suspension on the crane, strong eyelets are screwed into the four support heads at the same depth. A steel cable is attached to each eyelet. The four steel cables are guided vertically over special steel crossbeams - corner distances corresponding to the rectangular bases of the elements (1) to (3) and the square bases of the elements (6) to (10). In order to achieve the softest possible lifting of all basic elements, a spring structure can be installed in front of the crane rope hook where the four steel cables meet at the intersection of the diagonals above the basic surfaces of the elements.

To attach the KUBUS basic elements to each other, it is advisable to build a gauge that consists of five square steel tubes with the same cross-sections of 9/9 cm, which are welded together so that they form a cross. The four outer tubes have the same height of (b) a full-floor element. The central core steel tube still protrudes the other four tubes by approx. 1.00 m. In the four inner corners are extended up to the top edge of the core tube by welding eight right-angled sheet steel triangles with a height of 1.00 m. The floating elements are placed in these extended inner angles and guided when lowering.

In the construction method according to the invention, with the timely provision of the KUBUS basic elements and correspondingly taut organization on the property, construction time sequences result which are generally considered impossible. It is conceivable to build a star-shaped high-rise building over fourteen full floors, turnkey and reliable with all connections, regardless of the seasons, in about twelve months. Purpose and object of the invention - the development of a first real prefabricated system in solid construction for all construction projects is fulfilled by the given properties summarized below:

1) Prefabricated construction according to the invention means that seasonal employment problems in the entire building construction industry are completely eliminated - achieved by: building the shell, structural expansion, technical expansion, structural facilities and furniture up to 90% in existing large-scale precast plants of concrete or steel construction and erection of the building in absolute dry assembly on site in every season.

2) Limitation of conventional in-situ concrete and wet work to the absolute minimum and thus dry construction both in the production in the factory - as well as in the construction on the building site - given by: In the factory, for example, freshly concreted raw frame elements immediately after setting and stripping be wrapped in a strong transparent grid film, the full further expansion takes place in the factory building or outdoors under the film protection, the film is only removed after the transport and relocation of the room element on the construction site. After the concrete has dried out (except for residual moisture) and also some mortar joints, the entire expansion is carried out in drywall components.

On the construction site, if the weather is suitable, only the earthworks and minimal in-situ concrete work for the element assemblies are required, such as layers of cleanliness for moving KUBUS point foundations or KUBUS foundation elements (1) and (6), in-situ concrete strip foundations or slabs or in-situ concrete sealing tub constructions when building in the groundwater area.

After creating these on-site requirements, all the buildings are erected according to the invention in a dry system. 3) Eliminates the expenses previously required for construction site equipment (excluding construction roads and fencing) at the site of building construction - including the energy systems - as a result of this: By, after fulfilling the aforementioned requirements, the entire building construction can be carried out to the previous extent without building electricity and construction water facilities. Construction power for welding work of all kinds is generated via movable diesel units. Construction water is generally not required. It is sufficient to set up building toilets and washing cars with water tanks.

4) The premature development of a plot of land before or during the development by utility companies is given for the first time by the advantages mentioned under points 1 to 3 according to the present invention.

5) According to the invention, prefabricated construction and its assembly also means reversing the building construction - that is, disassembly under the simplest and most cost-effective conditions. The following are to be mentioned: The structural element connections according to the invention and the fact that all heating, water, sewage, gas, high and low-voltage lines and so on are flexible horizontally and vertically from element to element in the area of the column outside and column outside and joints be coupled. This means that even large-scale urban corrections, relocation of built-up areas for the creation of airfields or reservoirs, demolition of buildings based on incorrect estimates of geological conditions and so on are possible - provided that these developments were carried out according to the system invented here.

The word "demolition" in the construction industry becomes meaningless and meaningless.

6) Build in earthquake-prone G _e offer the Earth and where the necessary raw materials are not forward andes for concrete - is achieved because the invention Prefabricated room cells can be shipped as raw parts or "almost turnkey" as already practiced in transportation as "containers" by land and sea.

Earthquake safety is ensured by the construction of the individual KUBUS basic elements themselves, which, among other things, prevent collapse and penetration of ceilings and by the anchor connections of the elements developed with one another and with one another in the horizontal and vertical planes.

7) Prefabricated construction according to the invention means here: Factory equipment of the KUBUS sub-room elements without restriction, even with pendant lights, curtains and highly sensitive electrical or electronic devices and even with loose furniture, glazing and exterior finishes, - since external transport protection is provided and support leg designs are available according to the invention, ensure the softest placement of the finished room elements during transport and assembly.

8) The buildings mentioned in the application area and beyond - i.e. the unrestricted range - of all construction projects, including high-rise buildings, can only be recorded using the prefabricated construction system shown here.

9) Cost savings in a previously unachievable amount can be achieved because the KUBUS elements (1) to (10) - especially the elements for full storeys (2) and (7) can be prefabricated and stored in large quantities. Time savings on the building plot compared to conventional construction methods due to the shortest possible construction times. The ground floor of a spacious three-room apartment, including the full basement, shown on drawing sheet 13 in FIG is shown in the drawing sheet 14 under Fig. 26, with only a total of six basic elements (2) for full floors and also only six element assemblies can be set up and assembled in a single day. The connections from element to element in the structural, structural and technical expansion, connection of the chimney horizontally and connections of the house for the water and energy supply are made in just four days. This means that this three-room single-family home can be fully occupied and ready for use after only five working days. In addition, costs for scaffolding are completely eliminated.

10) Prefabricated construction using the KUBUS construction elements also always enables full development options for plots of land with the greatest possible utilization of the respectively approved construction volumes. Are z. B. on a plot of land at the time of development, only five full storeys are permitted over the site - on the other hand, due to a certain development of the construction area, later permissible development by high-rise buildings is to be expected - this can be taken into account by the slightest additional measures in the construction of the lower storeys become. After acquiring a neighboring plot of land, the original five-storey building can in turn develop into a spacious high-rise complex when using KUBUS building elements. As in the large as well as in the small, only a KUBUS kitchen element (2) and a living / bedroom element (2) can be placed in the middle of the property, provided that the planning has been coordinated with it, and over the years (also at intervals of ten or more years) to a large z. B. Develop twelve-room house with separate apartment and office space. Should there be a change in planning in this process, it is possible without further ado z. B. in the middle of the floor plan, take out a KUBUS room element and use it elsewhere, and after minor renovation measures it is available for the new purpose.

11) Architecture - scope for all conceivable buildings in all areas internally and externally without the slightest restrictions and with all the possibilities that everything previously produced in prefabricated construction or using prefabricated components can put in the shade.

12) The best thermal insulation and therefore the most energy-saving design when using the KUBUS basic elements (1) to (10) is given when for roof and ceiling constructions

20 cm thick gas concrete slabs are laid and 20 cm thick gas concrete slabs are used for all types of walls. Cold bridges from the outside are excluded, since supports and load-bearing beams above and below as well as large parts of the cornice beams are covered by the installation of the outer walls.

Insufficient insulation in the horizontal plane cannot occur, since lower elements already have factory-wide insulation strips on the cornice beams that are higher than (v). Elements to be placed on top of this each have insulating strips running around the bottom of the cornice beams at a thickness of greater (v). For all element joints in the vertical direction, the insulation strips mentioned are also thicker (v) around the end faces of the cornice beams, so that when the KUBUS basic elements (1) to (10) are put on and put together, all element joints are not carried out inevitably tightly closed and insulated in the horizontal and vertical direction. Sound insulation in any required value can be achieved, since it is in the prefabricated system invented here by Element to element there are no massive connections that could transmit sound from one element to another.

The best impact sound insulation is also achievable through the specially developed stilted floor constructions.

Excellent sound insulation values are given even within an element and from element to element, since all wall components are fundamentally supported on plastic or elastic joints to the raw components of the basic elements.

It is also possible to manufacture components with particularly high requirements for sound insulation using KUBUS basic elements, since in these cases all raw and extension parts can be installed in heavy-duty materials.

13) When building with the ten developed KUBUS basic elements, only the systems according to the invention for suspended ceilings and stilted floors can be installed when the shown options for prefabrication are fully exhausted, since only they give the possibility for the first time to be closed at the factory except for all-round edge strips Align ceilings and floors on the construction site without dismantling to compensate for slight differences in height when assembling the elements with each other by readjusting.

In particular, the use of the system according to the invention for erected floor constructions offers extremely attractive but also cost-saving possibilities for installation, technical expansion and the use of materials for floor covering tiles which have hitherto been used little or not for this purpose. For the first time, full free installation options are possible within the KUBUS elements without any mortising and milling work. Underfloor heating based on all known heating systems in a modification free laying is conceivable. With the exception of wet cells and wet rooms, all of the electrical cables can be laid in drainage pipes on the bare ceilings or in built-in cable ducts. Electrical installation systems that themselves provide switches and all other operating elements and power consumption parts within the floors can be fully used and offer the possibility that it becomes child's play to relocate a socket or a switch to another location related to the furniture.

Among many captivating options, only the laying of synthetic glass floor panels with underfloor lighting without the need for ceiling burners should be mentioned here.

After the on-site assembly of the KUBUS basic elements, which are also technically completed by up to 90%, all technical lines, pipes and ducts are connected from element to element using flexible parts on site. For technical installations of larger cross-sections in the vertical through all floors, e.g. Ventilation ducts and downpipes prefer the strip-like distances between two supports from element to element or the square areas between four supports when four elements are put together according to technical planning.

These 13 most important advantages of the invention over all prefabricated systems known to the applicant reveal the existing technical progress that the overall invention contains.

A further criticism of the current state of technology in prefabricated buildings is therefore unnecessary. List of code numbers for components

(1) KUBUS basic element for foundations - rectangular base

(1 ') KUBUS stair element for foundations - rectangular base

(2) KUBUS basic element for full storeys - rectangular base

(2 ') KUBUS stair element for full storeys - rectangular base

(3) KUBUS basic element for high additional space - technology or foundation requirements - rectangular base

(3 ') KUBUS stair element for high additional space technology or foundation requirements - rectangular base

(4) KUBUS basic element for low additional space or technical requirements - rectangular base

(4 ') KUBUS stair element for low additional

Space or technical requirements - rectangular base

(5) KUBUS basic element for parapet, balcony and terrace enclosures and foundations of the lowest height - rectangular base

(5 ') KUBUS stair element for parapet, balcony and terrace enclosures and foundations of the lowest height - rectangular base

(6) KUBUS basic element for foundations - square base

(6 ') KUBUS stair element for foundations - square base

(7) KUBUS basic element for full storeys - square base

(7 ') KUBUS stair element for full floors - square base (8) KUBUS basic element for high additional space, technology or foundation requirements - square base

(8 ') KUBUS stair element for high additional space, technology or foundation requirements - square footprint

(9) KUBUS basic element for low additional space or technical requirements - square base

(9 ') KUBUS stair element for low additional

Space or technology requirements - square footprint

(10) KUBUS basic element for parapet, balcony and terrace enclosures and foundations of the lowest height - square base

(10 ') KUBUS stair element for parapet, balcony and terrace enclosures and foundations of the lowest height - square base

(11) KUBUS block or angular foundations in the outer wall area

(12) KUBUS block foundations in the interior

(13) Head plates over supports for all elements

(14) Upper all-round cornice beam

(15) Upper circumferential support ring beam

(16) Upper circumferential ceiling support beam

(17) Element supports (selected: headroom of 3.30 m)

(18) lower inner circumferential ceiling support beam)

(19) Lower circumferential support ring beam

(20) Lower all-round cornice beam

(21) Base plates under supports for all elements

(22) Element supports, 1.05 m high including head and foot mats

(23) Installation opening 0.90 / 0.40 m cross section

(24) Lower short ceiling support beam

(25) Upper short ceiling support beam

(26) Installation opening 1.00 / 0.40 m cross section (27) Longitudinal wall panels in front of the supports

(28) Upper long ceiling support beams (29) Installation openings 0.65 / 0.40 m cross section

(30) (Longitudinal) and wide wall panels in front of the supports

(31) Lower short ceiling support beams

(32) Upper (long) and short stiffening beams

(33) Element supports (selected: headroom of 1.20 m)

(34) Element supports, 0.85 m high, including head and foot plates

(35) Installation opening 0.15 / 1.00 m cross section

(36) Installation opening deeper 0.15 / 1.00 m or a total of 0.30 / 1.00 m cross-section

(37) Installation opening 0.15 / 1.20 m cross section

(38) Installation opening deeper 0.15 / 1.20 m or a total of 0.30 / 1.20 m cross-section

(39) All-round wall panel in front of the supports for elements with a square base

(40) All-round lower cornice beam

(41) All-round wall panel in front of the supports for elements with a rectangular base

(42) Installation opening 0.15 / 0.50 m cross section

(43) Installation opening 0.15 / 0.50 m lower or a total of 0.30 / 0.50 m cross-section

(44) Roof ceiling tiles in normal width (selected 0.625 m)

(45) Roof-ceiling fitting plate in the middle with a rectangular base

(46) Roof-ceiling fitting plate off-center with a square base

(47) Edge joint vertically around roof and ceiling tiles 0.025 m thick

(48) Support joint for horizontal roof and ceiling tiles 0.025 m thick

(49) Fitting plate off-center with a square base

(50) Circular staircase opening between the ceiling support beams or between the support beams

(51) roof-ceiling tile in normal width (selected 0.625 m)

(52) Roof-ceiling fitting plates in the center with a rectangular base (53) Edge joint vertically around roof and ceiling tiles also around supports 0.025 m thick

(54) Support joint on the supports interrupted for horizontal roof slabs, 0.025 m thick

(55) Roof-ceiling end plates released on the supports

(56) Roof-ceiling fitting plate in the middle with a square base

(57) Roof-ceiling end plates, notched, can be installed in both directions with a square base

(58) Auxiliary support half-height in the middle as required

(59) Auxiliary support three-quarters high in the middle as required

(60) Auxiliary support clamped at the top and bottom as required

(61) Outside wall plate standing in normal width (selected 0.625 m)

(62) Wide-longitudinal wall panels standing one covering a longitudinal wall in normal width (selected 0.50 m)

(63) Outer longitudinal wall fitting plate standing with outer wall covering a width wall (selected normal width 0.625 m)

(64) Outer longitudinal wall fitting plate, standing on the outer wall, covering two width walls (selected normal width 0.625 m)

(65) Outside width wall fitting plate for outside wall between two longitudinal walls (selected normal width 0.625 m)

(66) Outer longitudinal wall fitting plate in the middle of the outer wall, running over the outer corner and up to the middle of the element joint (selected normal width 0.625 m)

(67) Outer longitudinal wall fitting plate for longitudinal wall lying between two width walls (selected normal width (0.50 m)

(68) Outer longitudinal wall corner fitting plate with longitudinal wall running over an outer corner and up to the middle of the element joint (selected standard width 0.625 (69) Outer width wall fitting plate off-center with width wall between outer wall and middle of element joint (selected 0.50 m)

(70) Outer width wall fitting plates in the middle of the outer wall lying between two outer walls (selected 0.50 m) (71) Outer width wall fitting plates in the middle of the outer wall abutting an outer wall and covering an outer wall (selected 0.50 m)

(72) Outer width wall fitting plate in the middle of the wall between two longitudinal walls (selected 0.625 m) (73) Outer width wall corner fitting plate on the wall abutting an outer wall and covering a width wall (selected 0.625 m)

(74) Outer width wall fitting plate in the center, as described under (73), but with a selected normal width of 0.50 m

(75) Outer width wall fitting plate in the middle of the wall as described under (73), but with a selected normal width of 0.625 m

(76) Outer width wall corner fitting plate abutting the longitudinal wall. and covering a longitudinal wall (selected 0.625 m) (77) outer width wall fitting plate in the middle of the wall abutting the outer wall and a mitred corner (selected 0.625 m) (78) outer width wall fitting plate in the middle of the wall between two longitudinal walls (selected 0.625 m) (79) outer width wall -Fitting plate in the middle of the wall butting against the longitudinal wall and running to the outside edge of the Gesmis (selected 0.625 m)

(80) Miter-sided outer wall corner with miter

(selected 0.625 m) (81) miter-sided outer wall corners (selected

0.50 m) (82) outside wall corners blunt from two normal panels

(chosen 0.50 m)

(83) Joint angle between outer wall panels and supports

(84) Joint between outer wall panels and column (85) External wall element joint by joining two normal 0.50 m boards (86) External wall element joint by fitting plate between two "outer walls" (87) External wall element joint by placing a fitting plate from column to column (88) External wall element joint truncated pyramid-shaped fitting plate (89) outer wall element joint by placing a fitting plate between two "outer walls" (90) outer wall element joint by fitting plate between two "outer walls" (91) outer wall element joint by T-shaped fitting to the outer edge of the cornice and Ξinterposition of a fitting plate between two "Outer walls" (92) outer wall element joint by fitting to the outer edge of the cornice between two "outer walls" (93) roof-ceiling installation openings prepared 0.30 / 0.30 m cross section (94) anchor channels in the inside of the supports, in the undersides of the upper support beams and the upper sides of the lower support beams (continuous or circumferential) (95) support profiles in joint Parking for roof-ceiling and exterior wall panels (96) Double window-door construction with inner blind (97) Double window-door construction with small roller blind box (98) Simple window-door construction with lower fighter (99) Simple window-door construction without division with Roller shutters

(100) Simple window-door combination with only one lower fighter and blind box attached at the top

(101) Simple door-window element with fighter partitions above and below

(102) Plastics for indirect lintel lighting

(103) Largest roller shutter boxes for door window heights of approx. 3.00 m (104) Simple windows from the lower edge of the lintel to the parapet height

(105) Door-window element in a double-shell design with a venetian blind installed in the middle

(106) Light partition inside 0.10 m thick

(107) Light inner partition wall, 0.10 m thick

(108) Solid inner partition 0.15 m thick in panel construction

(109) Solid inner partition 0.15 m thick

(110) Light inner partition wall in panel construction 0.10 m thick

(111) Solid continuous interior partitions in slab construction 0.15 m thick

(112) Heavy internal fire wall in panel construction 0.20 m thick with truncated pyramid element connection

(113) Internal partition 0.15 m thick in panel construction

(114) Solid inner partition wall, 0.15 m thick

(115) Light inner partition as a wall panel 0.10 m thick

(116) Solid internal partition made of 0.15 m thick panels

(117) Interior wall crossing point for the attachment of 0.15 m thick wall panels

(118) Vertical connection joints from two sides within 0.15 m thick inner walls

(119) Truncated pyramid-shaped connecting plate from element to element within 0.15 m thick inner walls

(120) Connection wall strips on EJ-3ϊient joint width within 0.15 m thick inner walls

(121) Vertical inner wall joints connecting 0.15 m thick inner walls from two sides against a 0.10 m thick wall

(122) Vertical joint with right-angled connection of two 0.15 m thick inner walls

(123) Light partition 0.15 m thick, ending at the top of the suspended ceiling

(124) Fire wall / apartment or house partition 0.20 m thick right through to the upper edge of the inner supporting beam (125) Low inner partition wall ending in a suspended ceiling in residential construction (126) Inner wall 0.15 m thick in height from the top of the girder to the underside of the girder

(127) Inner partition wall with a thickness of 0.15 m reaching to the top of two height-adjustable suspended ceilings (128) Thinnest inner partition wall 0.10 m thick of medium height, ending with the top of a suspended ceiling

(129) Weakest partition 0.10 m thick to the underside of the upper inner support beam (130) 0.15 m thick inner wall from the upper edge of the raw ceiling to the lower edge of the raw ceiling

(131) Interior wall not as high as the floor

(132) Fire, house or apartment partition 0.20 m thick in the height from the upper edge of the lower to the underside of the upper cornice beam

(133) Partition 0.10 m thick ending with the top of a suspended ceiling

(134) Fire apartment partition wall in a thickness of 0.20 m, in the height of the lower to upper support beams

List of code letters for dimensions

(a) Length of 6.70 m over all with rectangular bases

(a: 2-v) Width of 3.30 m over everything with rectangular bases and length and width over everything for square bases

(b) Height of 4.20 m above all for full-floor elements

(b: 2) Height of 2.10 m above all for elements for high additional space, technology or foundation requirements

(b: 4) Height of 1.05 m above all for the elements for foundations and for low additional space or technology requirements

(c) Height of 0.85 m above all for parapet, balcony and patio elements

(d) 0.30 m depth of the upper and lower outer cornice beams

(e) Column, length and width dimensions and width dimensions of the supporting beams at the top and bottom, as well as length and width dimensions of the foot and head plates (selected 0.30 m - variable -)

(f) Clear longitudinal dimension between the falls (chosen 5.50 m - variable -)

(g) Clear (longitudinal) and width dimension between the supports (selected 2.10 m - variable -)

(h) Depth of 0.15 m of the upper and lower inner ceiling support beams

(i) Clear longitudinal dimension between the ceiling support beams (selected 5.20 m - variable -)

(k) Clear (longitudinal) and width dimension between the ceiling support beams (selected 1.80 m - variable -)

(l) Height of 0.15 m of the ceiling support beams running around the top and bottom of the ceiling and the outer cornice beams running around the top and bottom (m) Height dimension of the supporting ring beam running around the bottom without the dimension of (1) (selected 0.225 m - variable -) (n) Clear height dimension for supports (selected 3.30 m - variable -) (o) Height dimension of the supporting beam running around the top - Ring bar without the dimension of (1) (selected 0.275 m - variable -) (p) Clear height dimension from the bottom of the upper inner

Ceiling support beams to the top of the lower inner

Ceiling support beam (selected 3.525 m - variable -) (q) Clear height dimension of the upper supporting ring beam from the outside (selected 0.275 m - variable -) (r) Clear height dimension for supports (selected 1.20 m - variable -) (s) light (Longitudinal) and width dimension of 2.40 m between ceiling support beams (t) depth dimension of 0.10 m for narrow outer circumferential

Cornice beam (variable) (u) Dimension of 0.20 m for external wall panels

(variable) (v) Dimension of 0 ^ 05 m for half joint spacing between the elements horizontally and vertically and for the

Heights of the pillar, head and foot plates (w) Platform depths for straight stairs with a dimension of 1.21 m (variable) (x) Platform beam height with a dimension of 0.30 m (variable) (y: ...) grid down to the smallest dimension of 1.70 m

Axes of the elements referenced in both directions

(vertical and horizontal) (z) gradient ratio of 0.175 m for setting and

0.280 m for treads - all levels remain the same through all elements

(A) grid spacing of 1.05 m in the building height including joint parts - except for the attic flat roof termination with 0.85 m

(B) Grid spacing of 3.40 m for buildings in length including joint halves (C) grid spacing of 3.40 m for buildings in width including joint halves

Claims

Claims

1) An open skeleton frame system made of concrete or steel materials, which encloses a certain cube with a rectangular base in six levels over eight corners, in its outermost boundary lines, whereby the resulting frame body, which is open on all sides, by further structural work as well as structural and technical Expansion is expandable in such a way that room cells - or gross room contents of a building are formed, which are prefabricated up to 90% in all trades, characterized by a basic element (2), which according to the amount of gross room contents is recorded by Full storey (parts) with a rectangular base area and composed of the following structural components: a) In the four constant inner corners of a rectangular base area from ((f) + 2. (e)) to ((g) + 2. (e )) Column base designs (A ') or (B') are arranged in steel; b) the height (v) of the column foot plates (21) is always the same; c) the cross section horizontally from (e) to (e) can be both larger and smaller towards the inside; d) the four column base designs are connected to one another by a lower support ring beam (19), the cross section of which has the width of (3) and the height of (l) + (m), the inward and (m) is variable in height; e) to an imaginary level, the circumferential support ring beam (19) at the height of the foot plates (21) a distance of (v) and at the same distance above the imaginary plane, a cornice ring beam (20) is machined all round on the outside of the support ring beam (19); f) the cornice beam has a cross-section from (d) to (l), which is always constant, and its outer edges determine the always constant base area of the element (2) from (a) to ((a): 2- (v)) , the depth of (d) being chosen to accommodate external walls or internal fire walls - or of ceiling panels for closing from element to element in the course of assembly; g) on the inside of the circumferential supporting ring beam

(19) is level with the lower cornice

(20) a ceiling support ring beam (18) is worked on, which has a cross section from (h) to (1); h) on the ceiling support ring beams (18) are laid in the short clamping direction of (k) at the joint spacing of (v: 2) the height of the ceiling tiles, the height of which including the joint (m), whereby preferably the surfaces of the ceiling tiles pass through the top of the support ring beam (19) in one plane; i) at a clear distance from (n) is the position exactly above the lower support ring beam (19) the upper support ring beam (15), which is preferably also the width of (e), but a height of (l) + (o) Has; j) an outer circumferential cornice beam (14) is worked on the upper support ring beam (15), which is exactly above the lower cornice beam (20) and has the same cross-section; k) the top of the upper cornice beam (14) is flush with the top of the upper support ring beam (15) and flush with the underside of the upper support ring beam (15) is the upper inside of these Circumferential roof-ceiling support beams (16) worked on, which lies exactly above the lower ceiling support beams and has the same cross-section from (h) to (l), the distance from (o) being greater than that from (m) and preferably the inclusion of roof-ceiling tiles with a joint spacing of (v: 2) on the support ring beam (16) and the full construction height of a flat roof seal allows; l) with the exception of the upper support ring beam, all cross sections and distances are always the same and the support ring beam (15) is variable in its width from (e) and in depth beyond the underside of the inner circumferential support beam (16); m) in the four corners, the upper support ring beam (15) is protruded by the support head configurations according to (A ') or (B') and their head plates (13) at a height of (v), the head plates (13 ) have the same cross section as the foot plates (21) and this cross section can also be larger or smaller than (e) on (e) depending on the column cross section; n) the lower horizontal support ring beam (19) is connected to the upper horizontal support ring beam (15) by four vertical supports of equal length, the position of which coincides exactly with the four head plates (13) and the four foot plates (21) and how these have the cross-section from (e) to (e), but this cross-section can preferably increase or decrease towards the inside without changing the four outer corners of the supports according to their position; o) the four supports have the same clear height of (n) between the upper edge of the lower ϊragringbalkens (19) and underside of the upper Tragringbalkens (15), which is preferably chosen so that the basic elements (2) even after installation of suspended ceilings and raised floors when used as full-floor elements still guarantee the required clear room heights for living or working spaces; and p) the upper edges of the column head constructions are connected with an imaginary horizontal line, the total distance from this line to the horizontal plane under the column foot constructions for the basic element (2) giving the overall height of (b) and this total height preferably by the constant gradient ratio of (z) when installing stairways.

2) Frame system according to claim 1, characterized in that the basic element (2) for additional arrangement in the foundation area including the basic element (1) and above for additional low space or technology requirements the basic element (4) requires that the basic -Elements (1) and (4) are completely identical, including the structural parts (13),

(21) and (20) in their cross sections and distances in the horizontal plane with the base element (2) are completely the same, and differ from the base element (2) preferably in that the connecting support ring beams lying between the supports above and below are omitted and replaced by circumferential wall panels (27) and (30) with a panel thickness of (u), whereby the installation openings (23), (26) and (29) are prepared closed in lightweight building materials in these solid wall panels, roof-ceiling panels - Support beams in the same cross-section as for the basic element (2), but not in the form of ring beams, but individual lengths between the supports and upper roof-ceiling tile support beams

(24) and (31) are provided and that the four supports

(22) same variable cross-section and the same position to the outside as with the basic element (2) from the top of the column head plate to the bottom of the column base plate only a total height of ((b): 4) ./. (2- (v)), without the deduction of (2. (v)) ((b): 4) the height above all Basic elements (1) and (4) indicates and how the basic element (2) can be run through by a constant gradient ratio (z) when installing stairs.

3) Frame system according to claim 1, characterized in that a basic element (3) can be arranged above or below the basic element (2) for high additional space, technology or foundation requirements, preferably with the basic element (2) the structural parts (13) to (16) and (18) to (21) in the same way, but differs from the basic element (2) in that the supports (17) by supports (33) with the lower clear height are replaced by (r).

4) Frame system according to claim 1 to 3 », characterized in that above or below the basic elements (1), (2), (3) and

(4) a basic element (5) for training attic, balcony and patio enclosures and for detecting additional small space requirements in the foundation or in the technical area is arranged, the basic element

(5) is constructed in many construction parts identically to the basic elements (1) and (4) and the deviations from the basic elements (1) and (4) are: such that the peripheral wall disks (41) are preferably lower, the installation openings are specified in other sizes (35), (36), (37), (38), (42) and (43) and the upper roof-ceiling support beams have been omitted, and furthermore the four supports (34) are lower and have the height from (c) above from the upper edge of the column head plate to the lower edge of the column base plate, the total height of

(c) preferably how the heights are continuous in the elements (1) to (4) with the same gradient ratio of (z).

5) Frame system according to claim 1 to 3, characterized by basic elements (6) and (9) for the spatial addition of the basic elements (1) and (4), which are different from the basic elements Distinguish (1) and (4) only in that they have a square base area from ((a): 2- (v)) to ((a): 2- (v)).

6) Frame system according to claim 1, characterized by a basic element (7) for the spatial addition of the basic element (2), which also differs from the basic element (2) only in that it has the same square base area over everything as the elements (6) and (9).

7) Frame system according to claims 3 to 6, characterized by a basic element (8) for the spatial addition of the basic element (3), which also differs from the basic element (3) only in that it has the same square base over everything has the elements (6), (7) and (9).

8) Frame system according to claims 4 to 7, characterized by a basic element (10) for the spatial supplementation of the basic element (5), which also differs from the basic element (5) only in that it has the same square base area over everything has the elements (6), (7), (8) and (9).

9) Frame system according to claim 1, characterized in that the column head designs of the column head and column foot design ('A') (Fig. 42) for transporting the basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8 ) in the vertical and in a smaller version for transporting the elements (1), (4), (5) j (6), (9) and (10), whereby they are as soft as possible when stacking the basic elements one above the other in the course of movements in the vertical can be reached, in particular in the case of basic elements which are structurally, technically and in terms of furnishings up to 90% complete, that the support head formation ('A') preferably consists of a solid steel plate in the thickness of (v) and one Base area, which corresponds to the cross section of the respective element supports, that the support head plate in the middle through an upper round opening at a height of (v: 2) and a lower round opening, which has a smaller diameter, also in height ( v: 2) is broken that under the solid steel plate a steel sleeve with an internal thread is attached, which has the same inner diameter as the lower smaller circular opening in the column head plate and is closed from below by a metal plate that for transporting the Elements are inserted vertically into the four threaded sleeves of an eyelet-head element, so that the four column foot designs of the respective elements have the same solid steel plates as foot plates with a height of (v) as the column head plates with a central opening in the largest I have the diameter (inside) of the steel pipe with the top lid closure placed directly on the base plate that, in accordance with static verification, taking into account the respective degree of expansion of the basic elements (1) to (10), strong springs made of special steel are fastened in the center of the cover of the steel cylinder and calculated, among other things, that they relax only when the elements are in suspension so that the outer steel sleeve, with which they are connected at the lower end, is still guided within the surrounding steel jacket of the outermost cylinder and the opening in the footplate, and that the steel spring itself is in turn only in the innermost steel tube with the smallest diameter, which is on the lid of the Steel pipe with the largest diameter is attached, can move.

10) Frame system according to claim 1, characterized in that the column head formations of the column head and column foot form CB ') (Fig. 42) for transporting the basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8) serve in the vertical and in a smaller version for the transport of the elements (1), (4), (5), (5), (9) and (10), using them as much as possible Soft placement when stacking the basic elements on top of one another is achieved in the course of movements in the vertical, in particular for basic elements that are up to 90% complete in terms of construction, technology and furnishings, such that the column foot formation ('B') consists of one Solid steel plate in the form and dimensions of the column head plate, but preferably has a circular opening with the largest diameter, which is also the inside diameter of the steel cylinder above it, which is connected to the base plate and covered at the top, that in the middle of the steel plate, which closes the tube cylinder at the top, via two eyelets. Constructions a special shock absorber is swingingly attached within the inner shell of the surrounding steel cylinder, and that for these column base formations ('B') underlying elements must be equipped with the column head formations ('B'), which are in the head plate and the Circle the cover plate in the middle over the threaded sleeves have segment-shaped clearances, the upper diameter of which is larger than that of the lower, special shock-absorber end snapping into it.

11) Frame system according to claim 1, characterized in that diagonally to be used wind anchor connections in the vertical plane and anchor connections in the horizontal plane (Fig. 44) are provided, the anchor connections both in rigid constructions and in movable constructions represented by the use of springs and preferably embedded directly below the column head or directly above the column base formations in four cross-threaded bushes arranged in relation to one another, which offer connections for horizontal anchors on all four column sides, that for the production of horizontal anchor Connections in rigid form are screwed into two opposing steel threaded bushings in front of the supports that protrude steel rod ends on both sides to make the connection on a steel rod are, by the smaller tolerances that arise when stacking the basic elements (1) to (10) in height, can be compensated for that a shorter threaded bush is pushed over an articulated head, the depth of which corresponds to the thread length by which one Steel threaded piece protrudes in front of the support that there is a correspondingly longer socket above the joint head at the other end of the rod, which has only a thread in its front half and is dimensioned in length so that it is tight with the steel threaded piece, that protrudes beyond the other support, can be screwed on, that by tightening the longer connecting bush an anchor is created that creates a rigid connection of two elements, that only a rigid steel rod against a strong spring is used to produce a movable but still tensioned connection, at the ends of which there are also rod ends, it is exchanged that the further horizontal element connections e if necessary, using the construction parts shown, rigidly or movably by means of rods or springs, that the vertical, diagonal, also crosswise wind anchor connections within the basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8 ) can also be installed as a mirror image that there is preferably a round steel cross within the column cross-section with the option of making anchor attachments to all four column sides, the round steel crosses always being located directly below the upper cross sockets or immediately above the lower cross sockets, that steel hooks are placed upwards or downwards over the round steel bars of the iϊund steel crosses, at one end there are rod ends, behind which steel threaded bushings close, that there is a sheet metal hood around the round steel bar and over the bushings, which is flush with of the column outside and an oval movement space in the support for the different diagonal courses of the wind anchors to be installed offers that Steel rods are screwed into the threaded bushings lying within the supports, which have rod ends at their other end, over which in turn movably long threaded bushings are placed, so that these structural parts also have the anchor devices of the opposite supports located above or below, and only because of this distinguish that there are shorter threaded bushings above their rod ends, whereby rigid diagonal wind anchor connections are finally made between these devices located above and below, by fully screwing a round steel rod with opposite threads at its ends into the shorter bushing, but straight can also be screwed into the longer socket and tightened over it, and that a flexible, but nevertheless exciting diagonal wind anchor connection is achieved by taking a piece out of the round steel rod in the middle and a special steel spring is placed in this gap, depending on the arrangement or position of the diagonal anchor connection from element to element within the longitudinal direction of the elements (2) and (3) or within the elements (7 ) and (8) there are different lengths in the diagonals and these differences in size are always only possible by using shorter or longer round steel rods with opposite threads or with shorter or longer spring-rod constructions with opposite threads at the rod ends be bridged.

12) Frame system according to claim 1, characterized in that a ceiling hanger construction (Fig. 49) is provided, which is connected via a head plate to the bare ceiling, preferably in the head plate a round steel rod is attached centrally that the length of this Rod depends on the height of the ceiling to be hung, that a threaded bushing is attached with its upper cover to the center with the steel rod, that by fastening L-shaped steel sheet angles crosswise against the outer jacket of a steel tube, four U-shaped hooks are formed for the ceiling to be attached, that the steel tube piece is closed at the top with an upper steel cover, which has a correspondingly large round central opening, that a solid steel cylinder is facing down contains a large deep notch and a round top plate, the diameter of which is slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the steel tube, that small ball bearings are inserted on the top of this top plate and a steel threaded bolt is attached in the center, which is screwed through the opening of the steel tube cover to the threaded bushing is that a third of the thread height still remains free, with a small square or round opening within the suspended ceiling over the notch of the steel cylinder, a readjustment is possible at any time, and that also two small flat steel plates spaced against the steel Pipe can be attached, which then serve as a support for T-steel rails when trusses, for example across wide ventilation ducts, are required within suspended ceilings.

13) Frame system according to claim 12, characterized in that the ceiling-suspension construction (Fig. 49) has a round steel hanger which is anchored in the underside of a bare ceiling, that a threaded tube is open to a lower third of the height in a steel tube piece that is open on both sides is used that a threaded bolt, which is expanded to a notch at the bottom and receives a circumferential support edge, is fully screwed into the tubular steel piece and is given a small head plate that prevents the threaded bolt from rotating downwards, previously with a steel ring in the form of a Upside down L's with the attached hooks for the ceiling suspension was pushed over, and that even with this ceiling suspension construction an unobstructed readjustment by small round or square openings of the finished ceilings is possible.

14) Frame system according to claim 1, characterized in that a stilts construction (Fig. 50) is provided, which is specially developed element-related and is preferably functionally composed of the following individual components: a) a square steel base plate with screw openings in two diagonally opposite corners or in all four corners for fastening to the raw ceiling by screws (with dowels) or stone anchors, whereby if necessary, a soft PVC plate can also be inserted between the leveled raw ceiling and base plate; b) on the steel base plate, a pipe section made of steel with an internal thread is placed up to the height of two thirds of the stirring piece, whereby from above a long round steel bolt with a lower thread is screwed in length like the internal thread in the pipe section with a smooth upper part with a final deep notch , then the steel pipe section is closed at the top around the bolt by a steel ring cover and a steel plate ring is attached to the smooth bolt part; c) in the steel ring there are ball bearings for very heavily loaded top floors to make it easier to turn the top part - otherwise the steel ring surfaces are only smoothly treated; d) a further steel plate ring of the same diameter with the same cavities for the ball bearings (or only ground smooth on the underside) is placed loosely from above, with a further piece of steel tube remaining open at the top being attached; e) preferably two are always crosswise between the latter ring plate and tubular steel outer jacket conically widening steel support plates are used at the same distance from each other; f) T-steel rails are placed between and on these support plates to form the base plate bearing grid, the support plates being positioned lower on the upper pipe section by the material thickness of the T-steel rails, in order to avoid impact sound, the T-steel rails are not quite on the outer jacket of the Reach the upper pipe section, the tops of the support plates and T-rails and the pipe section from above with a hood made of rubber or soft PVC and the rubber or soft PVC tape on the tops of the support plates and T-rails are striped; and g) the height of the stilts construction depends on the distance between the upper floors above the bare ceilings, the lower pipe section and the total bolt must be extended or shortened accordingly, and by the smallest round or square notches at the corners of four Floor plates over the notch of the bolt, the readjustment of factory-installed floor surfaces for height adjustment from element to element is quickly and easily possible on site.