EP1033451A2 - Method for erecting a building unit, building unit and process for connecting walls - Google Patents

Abstract

A foundation structure (14) for the building unit (10) is assembled on a construction site, the unit preferably being larger than one normally transported by road. The building unit is then pre-fabricated on top of the foundation structure, which is then suspended from an aircraft so that it can transported by air to the final building location. Independent claims are also included for (a) a building unit constructed by this method, and (b) a method for joining together two walls along their strip regions, these walls being too large to transport by road.

Description

The invention relates to a method for erecting a building unit according to the preamble of claim 1 , a building unit according to the preamble of claim 11 and a method for connecting two walls according to the preamble of claim 21 .

The erection of buildings is compared, for example, with the manufacture of technical ones Objects such as machines or electronic devices with relatively high Associated costs. The reasons for this can be seen in the fact that generally only one-offs are produced, which are also not in a workplace, for example in a manufacturing hall, but in their final location, and that at least unfavorable meteorological conditions regarding the shell and the exterior cladding can negatively influence the construction process and possibly make it temporarily impossible.

An improvement in the situation, in particular a reduction in the construction time, is achieved by producing buildings from prefabricated elements; this will include at least parts of industrial walls, i.e. at a work place such as in a production hall, manufactured and then transported to the construction site, where they are assembled become. However, this means that only a small part of the total work is carried out in the production hall relocated while many works still need to be done in situ.

The production of entire building units or even entire buildings at one work station and their subsequent transport to their final location has so far mainly failed on Transport problem that arises from the high weights on the one hand and from the large dimensions resulted, which a transport with usual earthbound vehicles and in particular make road transport impossible.

It is known that very small building units such as allotment garden houses or barracks, for example made of wood, sheet metal or plastic, to be transported as a whole, however, these are never building units for long-term residential or work purposes; the dimensions and weights of such provisional or seasonal For the purpose of serving buildings, therefore, do not reach the dimensions or the weights of buildings that serve long-term purposes. The industrial is also known Manufacture of sanitary cells and their transport as a whole, but also these sanitary cells never reach the weights and dimensions of conventional building units.

A transport of building units with conventional walls in solid construction or from masonry, including massive walls in the context of the present description should be understood from different suitable materials, failed not only because of the high weight and the large dimensions, but also because the strength of the building units or buildings required for transport was present.

The object of the invention is seen in avoiding the above disadvantages in the erection of building units and in proposing a method for the rational erection of building units as well as a rationally erecting building unit and a method particularly suitable for such building units for connecting walls.

• für das Verfahren zur Errichtung von Gebäudeeinheiten durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Anspruchs 1,
• für die Gebäudeeinheit durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Anspruchs 11, und
• für das Verfahren zur Verbindung von Wandungen durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Anspruchs 21.

The solution of this object is achieved according to the invention

• for the method for erecting building units by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1 ,
• for the building unit by the features of the characterizing part of claim 11 , and
• for the method of connecting walls by the features of the characterizing part of claim 21 .

Advantageous further developments of the method according to the invention for erecting a building unit, the building unit according to the invention and the method according to the invention for connecting walls are by the respective dependent claims Are defined.

In the method according to the invention for erecting a building unit, the entire Building unit manufactured industrially and therefore rationally in a suitable workplace. Depending on the climate, the workplace can be outdoors or in a production hall are located. The advantages of this type of manufacturing are that the manufacturing environment, since it is stationary, can be optimally designed, in contrast to conventional construction methods, where all aids must first be brought to the construction site. Furthermore the staff can be deployed more efficiently if all work is not just for one but for several building units centrally, i.e. at the work station, and not for numerous Construction sites must be distributed. Finally, the cost of materials can be considerable reduce, since practically no work is carried out in situ for which in the generally a certain reserve of material must be delivered, which when not in use often subsequently not recycled but disposed of or transported back got to.

Following its prefabrication at the work station, the building unit is Air transport is brought to its final location, where it is on a prepared deposit is discontinued. Airships or zeppelins, for example, can be used as air transport are used, which are for heavy transport, where the speed is a plays a very minor role, particularly suitable. Depending on the local conditions can also use certain ground-based units when erecting a building Means of transport are delivered.

In this way, building units can be prefabricated and transported with the shortest construction time, the dimensions of which are so large that they can be transported using standard earthbound means of transport would not be transportable.

In order to be able to be transported by air, the building unit must on the one hand be as light as possible, on the other hand, it must have certain strength properties precisely because of the air transport have which are not necessary for a stationary building; the building units are subject to forces during air transport or execute movements and take positions that never exist in stationary building units or at most in the strongest Earthquakes occur. For this reason, the building unit is provided according to the invention to build on or on a prepared structure, via which structure you then hung on the air transport.

The building unit is preferably made up together with further building units Standard parts manufactured, most rationally in a series production.

The storage location for the building unit must generally be received before the building unit arrives be prepared in their final location; it can consist of foundations, which also form a basement for the building unit, or from the same or similar building unit that was previously manufactured and brought to its final location has been.

The prefabrication includes, for example, the manufacture or at least the assembly of space-limiting vertical walls such as side walls, which are preferred are wholly or at least partially produced in a conventional manner. Furthermore, the Prefabrication also the production or addition of horizontal walls, i.e. floors or blankets. Sloping walls such as sloping roofs can also be used are prefabricated and form part of the building unit. For building units that extend over several floors, the necessary stairs can also during the Prefabrication to be manufactured and installed.

Prefabrication is particularly efficient, even if line ducts, for example for sanitary, Air conditioning and electrical cables, incorporated into or into the walls at the work station become.

It is even more efficient not only to create the cable ducts at the workstation, but there too also to install the necessary sanitary, air conditioning and electrical lines. .

In the case of further prefabrication, apparatus, for example sanitary apparatus, Kitchen appliances or laundry room appliances installed at the work station and connected internally become.

Preferably frames for doors and windows are made with the walls or Made separately and assembled during prefabrication.

In order to protect the building unit from the weather during transport, Windows and doors as well as any shops can already be attached to the workstation.

Also coverings for the different walls, e.g. plaster, paneling, wallpaper, Tiles, plastic and carpeting as well as insulating coverings can be in front of the Transport of the building unit can be attached.

Finally, the fixed part of the furniture, i.e. mainly kitchen and built-in cupboards, be installed during prefabrication.

The new building unit, which comprises at least one room and which on one Prefabricated work place and in prefabricated condition by air transportation to its final Location is transported first has a structure that is designed to be allows the building unit to be suspended from the air transportation means, and second, walls that are at least partially conventional are manufactured.

The structure can comprise, for example, a supporting plate, which - if the building unit is a ground floor or part of one - the basement ceiling and the floor this ground floor or parts thereof. Protruding over the side walls Areas of such panels can be used as areas of outside seating on ground floors, serve as balcony floors of higher floors or as flat roof terraces. The plates can also extend over a basement as a terrace floor which no building unit comes to rest. Plant pots, e.g. for seating, Balconies or flat roof terraces can be made integrally.

However, the structure can also have a preferably three-dimensional structure of elongated Beams, for example made of steel, which are welded to one another, riveted or glued.

Combined structures with plates, beams and, if necessary, grids are also possible.

As already mentioned, the building unit is generally not based on the natural one Reason, although this may be possible depending on the topographical and climatic conditions could, but on a depository. This depository is either by foundations, for example basement walls or foundation blocks, or through previously built ones Building units formed.

To take full advantage of prefabrication, the walls in the generally made from prefabricated panels or wall elements, which in a suitable Way, either conventionally or by adhesives.

According to the invention, the building units comprise at least one room. With bigger ones Building units can be produced much more efficiently, but must be Suitable workplaces and stable air transport are available for this. Especially It is advantageous to use building units with one or more adjacent ones to provide complete flats.

Instead of the one just described, delimited by horizontal separations, one floor Comprehensive building units can also be building units delimited by vertical separations be erected, each such building unit several on top of the other arranged, preferably the same, rooms and possibly the associated section of the Can include roof.

The most rational production, which, however, also results in considerable transport problems, can be achieved with a building unit that forms a complete single-family house.

The new building unit has numerous other advantages, the following of which are most important are listed. Especially if it is a condominium or is a family home, the builder can choose his actual future home, therefore do not visit a model apartment or model house at the work place; at Not pleased with details, especially the interior, can still be found make changes relatively easily. Additions to existing buildings are relatively easy to implement by adding additional building units. A building unit in the form of a family home can, if the owner changes his place of residence, removed from the storage location and transported to a new storage location where, of course, foundations have to be prepared. A transfer of building units can also be advantageous in school buildings or possibly hospitals his

It is also favorable that when building such a building there is no actual building site arises with the generally inevitable damage to the land, so that with inclusion the existing vegetation immediately has a well-tended environment.

As already mentioned, the building unit is subject to considerable loads when it is transported. The horizontal and vertical walls must be stripe-shaped Contact areas should therefore be perfectly connected. This is done according to the invention in that a liquid or pasty mass is brought into the contact area which, with hardening, connects to the walls to be fastened together.

Such a connection can be created by the walls in the contact area be formed so that they delimit an elongated cavity, in which then a Potting compound is introduced, which consists of the same or a similar material like the walls themselves.

Another way to connect two walls is that between a suitable adhesive is attached to the preferably flat, contacting contact surfaces becomes.

Fig. 1A

Eine erste vorgefertigte Gebäudeeinheit in Form eines Einfamilienhauses, während des Lufttransportes vom Werkplatz zu einer Lagerstelle in ihre endgültige Lage;

Fig. 1B

eine erste vorbereitete Lagerstelle für die in Fig. 1A dargestellte Gebäudeeinheit,

Fig. 1C

eine zweite vorbereitete Lagerstelle für die in Fig. 1A dargestellte Gebäudeeinheit;

Fig. 2

eine zweite Gebäudeeinheit während des Transportes vom Werkplatz in ihre endgültige Lage;

Fig. 3

eine dritte Gebäudeeinheit während des Transportes vom Werkplatz in ihre endgültige Lage;

Fig. 4

zwei vierte Gebäudeeinheiten, die dazu bestimmt sind, in ihrer endgültigen Lage übereinander angeordnet zu werden;

Fig. 5

eine fünfte Gebäudeeinheit, die dazu bestimmt ist, in ihrer endgültigen Lage neben weiteren seitlich angrenzenden Gebäudeeinheiten angeordnet zu werden;

Fig. 6

eine sechste Gebäudeeinheit, mit Leitungskanälen, Fenstern und einem Einbaumöbel;

Fig. 7

eine siebente Gebäudeeinheit, mit verschiedenen Belägen ihrer Innenwandungen;

Fig. 8A

miteinander verbundene Wandungen, mit einer ersten Ausführungsart der Verbindung; und

Fig. 8B

miteinander verbundene Wandungen, mit einer zweiten Ausführungsart der Verbindung.

The invention is described in detail below using exemplary embodiments and with reference to the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1A

A first prefabricated building unit in the form of a single-family house, during the air transport from the workplace to a storage location in its final position;

Figure 1B

a first prepared storage location for the building unit shown in Fig. 1A,

1C

a second prepared storage location for the building unit shown in Fig. 1A;

Fig. 2

a second building unit during transport from the work place to its final position;

Fig. 3

a third building unit during its transport from the work place to its final position;

Fig. 4

two fourth building units, which are intended to be arranged one above the other in their final position;

Fig. 5

a fifth building unit, which is intended to be arranged in its final position next to further building units adjoining on the side;

Fig. 6

a sixth building unit, with ducts, windows and built-in furniture;

Fig. 7

a seventh building unit, with different coverings of its inner walls;

Figure 8A

interconnected walls, with a first embodiment of the connection; and

Figure 8B

interconnected walls, with a second embodiment of the connection.

1A shows a building unit 10 according to the invention, which is suspended, for example by means of four cables or chains 2 acting on fastening elements 12 , on an air transport means, not shown, preferably an airship. The building unit 10 is constructed on a structure 14 in which the fastening elements 12 are preferably anchored releasably. In the present example, the structure 14 has the shape of a plate, also designated 14 , and is made, for example, from reinforced concrete or from lightweight concrete. The plate 14 serves in the final position of the building unit 10 as a basement ceiling and at the same time as the floor of the ground floor. It protrudes on all sides beyond the floor plan of the building unit 10 , wherein the sections 15 of the plate 14 which are not occupied by the building unit 10 serve in the final position as walkways and as floors of outside seating areas or can also be greened or provided with other coverings. The building unit 10 comprises not only outer walls 16 and invisible inner walls including an invisible ceiling of the ground floor, but also a roof 18 with a chimney 20 , window frame 22 and window sash 24 , in particular also a roof window, door frame 26 and doors 28 and in FIG. 1 blinds which are not visible and which are arranged in roller shutter boxes 30 . The roof 18 can of course also be designed as a flat roof. The walls are preferably at least largely made of solid construction.

FIG. 1B shows a location of the final position of the building unit 10 shown in FIG. 1A , with a storage location 100 that has been manufactured in situ. The storage location 100 comprises a basement room 102 , which is created by excavation and has a height k and is delimited by basement walls 104 . The basement room 102 can be subdivided in the usual way and contain the installations, such as heating, heating oil tank, etc., which are usually arranged in basements. In or on the basement walls 104 there are preferably line ducts 106 which are dimensioned and arranged in coordination with further line ducts of the outer walls 16 and, if appropriate, the inner walls described below. The basement walls 104 are flush with the outer walls 16 of the building unit 10 . The dashed line P indicates the outer contour of the plate 14 in its final position.

Another bearing point 100 is shown in FIG. 1C . There is no basement for the building unit 10 , but only a few foundation blocks 108 have been prepared, on which the plate 14 comes to rest. With regard to sanitary facilities and their processes, the foundation blocks 108 are dimensioned such that there is a sanitary free space with the height s below the plate 14 . The mutual spacings of the foundation blocks 108 can be dimensioned such that the plate 14 rests directly on them with its edges or that the outer walls 16 of the building unit 10 rest on them indirectly or, if appropriate, also in an intermediate position.

The building unit 10 shown in FIG. 2 does not have a plate-like structure 14 , but rather a framework-like structure 14 , with supports 32 which are arranged in vertical and horizontal planes and are rigidly connected to one another. The vertical walls 16 , which can be provided with window and door openings, and the horizontal floor 17 of the building unit 10 are generally wholly or partly of solid construction. and are inserted or added to this framework structure 14 . The fastening elements 12 are attached to the carriers 32 . With a suitable coloring of the supports 32 and the outer walls 16 , good architectural effects can be achieved with this arrangement.

While the building units shown in FIGS. 1A and 2 are designed as multi-room units, FIG. 3 shows a somewhat minimal building unit 10 , which comprises only one room, which is delimited at the bottom by floor 17 and laterally by walls which are in the final position Can form outer walls 16 or inner walls of the building unit 10 . The structure 14 is here formed by horizontal supporting beams running under the floor 17 , which, for example in the final position, can form a beam ceiling of a building unit, not shown, below.

FIG. 4 shows a very simplified representation of two building units 10 which are intended to be arranged one above the other in their final position. This can be two apartments, for example. 4 , only the respective plate-shaped structures 14 and the outer walls 16 are shown. While the floor plans of the two building units 10 delimited by the outer walls 16 are the same, the plate-shaped structures 14 are designed differently, in such a way that the protruding plate areas 15 of the lower building unit 10 on their long side, the protruding plate areas 15 of the upper building unit 10 on their side Broadside are arranged. In this way it is achieved that the users of the outside seats or balconies, the floors of which are formed by the protruding plate areas 15 , do not interfere with one another. The interior arrangement, not shown, of the two building units 10 does not have to be identical, although it is of course advisable to arrange at least the wet cells one above the other.

FIG. 5 shows a building unit 10 which extends over three floors and which is built on a plate-shaped structure 14 . Two of the vertical walls are provided as outer walls 16 , the other two vertical walls form inner walls 16.1 . This building unit 10 also includes horizontal walls, that is to say floors 17 . Such an arrangement is particularly suitable for wet rooms. Building units spanning several floors can also form elevator shafts.

6 shows a building unit 10 which is intended as a bathroom. In or on the outer walls 16 and the inner walls 16.1 there are not only openings for doors and windows, but also door frames 26 , doors 28 , window frames 22 , window sash 24 and shutters 24.1 , as well as built-in furniture 34 and a large number of conduit channels are all designated 36 . The corresponding lines are preferably laid or pulled before the building unit 10 is transported. In a perfected form of prefabrication, devices (not shown) such as tubs, sinks, toilet bowls and fans as well as elevators, if applicable, can already be attached and connected to the work station. Kitchens can also be produced in a corresponding manner.

7 shows a section of a building unit 10 with two rooms 10.1, 10.2 , which are delimited by the outer walls 16 and the inner wall 16.1 and have a floor 17 . The room 10.1 arranged on the left in FIG. 7 is a wet room and has a covering of ceramic plates 40 on the walls 16, 16.1 and a covering of a plastic 42 on the floor 17 . The room 10.2 is a living space and has a covering in the form of a wallpaper 44 on the walls 16, 16.1 and a covering in the form of parquet 46 on the floor 17 . The window in room 10.2 is already provided with a device 48 for fastening curtains.

8A and 8B show walls made in solid construction, which are connected to one another in such a way that they have very high strength and rigidity. Sections are shown through interconnected outer walls 16 , wherein inner walls and floors can also be connected in a corresponding manner. For building units that are so large that they cannot be moved with conventional ground-based means of transport and therefore have to be moved with air-transport means, perfect connections of the walls are essential with regard to rigidity and strength. Connection arrangements of this type are, of course, also suitable for smaller building units that can be moved using conventional ground-based means of transport.

FIG. 8A shows an embodiment in which the strip-shaped contact areas of the walls 16 are designed such that the adjacent walls enclose a laterally closed space, in the present example in a hexagonal shape. This space is filled with a pasty or liquid compound 50 , which consists of the same or a similar material as the walls 16 themselves.

FIG. 8B shows an embodiment of connected walls 16 which, in comparison with the embodiment of FIG. 8A, likewise results in optimal stability but at a significantly lower cost. The interconnected walls 16 do not have to have any specially shaped contact areas here, but are practically adjacent to one another with normal, strip-shaped areas, but separated by the connecting compound 50 , for which a suitable adhesive is used here.

In the above description, building units for residential buildings were essentially described. However, these are only examples. The invention is suitable also for buildings that serve other purposes, for example office or commercial buildings, Hospitals, barracks, hotels or school houses.

Claims (23)

Method for creating a building unit ( 10 ) with at least one room ( 10.1, 10.2 ),
characterized by that a structure ( 14 ) for the building unit ( 10 ), which is preferably larger than a building unit that can be moved by means of an earth-bound means of transport, is prepared at a work station, via which structure the building unit ( 10 ) can be suspended, that the building unit ( 10 ) is prefabricated on the structure ( 14 ), that the building unit ( 10 ) is suspended from the structure ( 14 ) on an air transport means, and that the air transport means brings the building unit ( 10 ) over a storage location ( 100 ) and positions it there on the storage location ( 100 ). Method according to claim 1 ,
characterized by
that the building unit ( 10 ) and other building units are prefabricated from standard parts and preferably in series. Method according to claim 1 ,
characterized by
that the storage location ( 100 ) for the building unit ( 10 ) is prepared by basement walls ( 104 ), foundation blocks ( 108 ) or a previously arranged further building unit. Method according to claim 1 ,
characterized by
that the prefabrication of the building unit ( 10 ) comprises the manufacture and assembly of space-limiting vertical walls ( 16, 16.1 ) and / or horizontal walls ( 17 ), and preferably manufactured using conventional construction methods, and / or inclined walls such as roofs ( 18 ). Method according to claim 1 ,
characterized by
that the prefabrication of the building unit ( 10 ) includes the installation of line ducts ( 36 ), for example for sanitary, heating, air conditioning and electrical lines. Method according to claim 5 ,
characterized by
that the prefabrication of the building unit ( 10 ) includes the installation of the sanitary, heating, air conditioning and electrical lines in the line channels ( 36 ). Method according to claim 1 ,
characterized by
that the prefabrication of the building unit ( 10 ) includes the attachment of apparatus, for example sanitary apparatus, kitchen apparatus, air conditioning and heating apparatus, lighting fixtures, and further equipment such as curtain fastening equipment ( 48 ) and built-in furniture ( 34 ). Method according to claim 1 ,
characterized by
that the prefabrication of the building unit ( 10 ) includes the assembly of door frames ( 26 ), window frames ( 22 ) and, if applicable, the assembly of doors ( 28 ), window sashes ( 24 ), roller shutter boxes ( 30 ) including shutters and shutters ( 24.1 ). Method according to claim 1 ,
characterized by
that the prefabrication of the building unit ( 10 ) comprises the application of, possibly insulating, coverings ( 40, 42, 44, 46 ) to the vertical walls ( 16, 16.1 ) and / or the horizontal walls ( 17 ). Method according to claim 1 ,
characterized by
that the building unit ( 10 ) can be transported from said storage location ( 100 ) to another storage location. Building unit ( 10 ), comprising at least one space ( 10.1, 10.2 ) delimited by vertical walls ( 16 ), which can be prefabricated at a work station and can be transported to its final position in a prefabricated state,
characterized by
that the building unit ( 10 ) has a structure ( 14 ) via which it can be suspended, and that the walls ( 16, 16.1 ) are preferably made in solid construction. Building unit ( 10 ) according to claim 11 ,
characterized by
that the structure ( 14 ) comprises a plate on which the building unit ( 10 ) is built, whereby preferably plate areas ( 15 ) protruding from the floor plan of the building unit form floors of outside spaces such as seats, terraces or balconies. Building unit ( 10 ) according to claim 11 ,
characterized by
that the structure ( 14 ) comprises supports ( 32 ) arranged in vertical and / or horizontal planes, which are rigidly fastened to one another. Building unit ( 10 ) according to claim 11 ,
characterized by
that in the final position, the structure ( 10 ) is supported on foundations, for example basement walls ( 104 ) or foundation blocks ( 108 ) or on a building unit erected earlier. Building unit ( 10 ) according to claim 11 ,
characterized by
that the walls ( 16, 16.1 ) are formed from wall elements which are connected to one another, for example by adhesives. Building unit ( 10 ) according to claim 11 ,
characterized by
that it essentially forms a shell. Building unit ( 10 ) according to claim 16 ,
characterized by
that it at least partially includes the interior. Building unit ( 10 ) according to claim 11 ,
characterized by
that it comprises several rooms lying on one floor, for example an apartment, and possibly an associated roof ( 18 ). Building unit ( 10 ) according to claim 11 ,
characterized by
that it comprises several rooms one above the other and, if necessary, an associated roof ( 18 ). Building unit ( 10 ) according to claim 11 ,
characterized by
that it forms a preferably turnkey family home. Method for connecting two walls ( 16 ) in strip-like contact areas, in particular building units that are larger than building units that can be transported with earthbound vehicles, by means of a connecting compound ( 50 ),
characterized by
that the connecting compound ( 50 ) is brought into the contact areas in a liquid or pasty state and then cures with adhesion to wall areas. 22. The method of claim 21 ,
characterized by
that the contact areas form a space laterally enclosed by the walls ( 16 ) for receiving the connecting compound, which is formed by a casting compound made of the same or a similar material as the walls ( 16 ). 22. The method of claim 21 ,
characterized by
that the contact areas are preferably flat, adjacent boundary surfaces of the walls ( 16 ), between which a layer of the connecting compound ( 50 ) is applied, which is formed by an adhesive.

Images