EP0036643B1 - Air-cooled exhaust pipe for limiting the locatable infrared radiation - Google Patents

Air-cooled exhaust pipe for limiting the locatable infrared radiation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0036643B1
EP0036643B1 EP81102106A EP81102106A EP0036643B1 EP 0036643 B1 EP0036643 B1 EP 0036643B1 EP 81102106 A EP81102106 A EP 81102106A EP 81102106 A EP81102106 A EP 81102106A EP 0036643 B1 EP0036643 B1 EP 0036643B1
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Prior art keywords
pipe
exhaust pipe
jacket
air
jacket pipe
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0036643B2 (en
EP0036643A1 (en
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Wolfgang Ing.grad. Stäger
Rudolf Dipl.Ing. Wulf
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Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
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Deutsche Forschungs und Versuchsanstalt fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV DFVLR
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F01N13/082Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of tailpipe, e.g. with means for mixing air with exhaust for exhaust cooling, dilution or evacuation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for cooling the end of an exhaust pipe, in particular. Ship chimney, exhaust pipes of tanks, helicopters and the like. for the removal of hot gases from drive machines, in particular engines, turbines or the like, by air to limit the local infrared radiation, with a jacket pipe surrounding the free end of the exhaust pipe and also extending in the outflow direction, between which and the exhaust pipe an annular space for the passage of the cooling air is formed, with the jacket pipe having an enlarged diameter than the exhaust pipe at all points such that neither the hot exhaust gases from the core jet nor the mixing zone can contact the inner wall of the jacket pipe.
  • This infrared location makes it particularly easy to spot ship chimneys, because the free ends of the exhaust pipes used there assume a considerable temperature, for example in the order of 400 to 500 ° C. These temperatures are sometimes exceeded in unfavorable wind directions, i.e. when the direction of travel of the ship and the wind direction are so unfavorable to one another that the exhaust gas flow in the exhaust pipe is pressed to one side against the wall in the outlet area. This is especially true when a ship's chimney is exposed to strong cross winds.
  • the chimney In the case of ship chimneys, the chimney is usually clad.
  • the cladding extends around the chimney and up to a certain height relative to the free end of the exhaust pipe. This cladding, however, significantly deteriorates the cooling of the actual exhaust pipe due to ambient air. Such a ship can therefore still be located from a missile at a certain viewing angle.
  • the exhaust pipes are uncovered in the ambient air, so that cooling occurs here.
  • a device of the type described in the opening paragraph is known from US-A-3 817 030.
  • an attachment to the exhaust pipe of a heat engine is shown and described, which is placed on the housing of this heat engine.
  • the exhaust pipe is surrounded by a jacket pipe.
  • a blower is provided which sucks in ambient air and first blows it onto the drive machine as cooling air, the cooling air which is then heated then also being passed through the annular space between the exhaust pipe and the casing pipe. This cooling air is thus guided by forced flow; there is no ejector effect.
  • the weight of the blower and its associated prime mover disadvantageously increase the weight of the vehicle e.g. a warship, quite apart from the space required, also for the associated lines.
  • the casing device is disadvantageously connected to the hot exhaust pipe in a metallically conductive manner in the known device, so that the end of the exhaust pipe on the one hand and the end of the casing pipe on the other hand each assume corresponding temperatures.
  • DE-A-1 576 781 shows an exhaust system for armored vehicles, which serves to make it difficult to locate, that is to say perceive with the eye, the hot exhaust gases or parts carrying exhaust gases.
  • the aim is to bring the temperature of the exhaust gases down, but not that of the exhaust gas-carrying parts.
  • a cooling air blower is used, the air of which is intimately mixed with the hot exhaust gases, so that the temperature of the mixed gas stream thus formed is reduced.
  • the exhaust pipes themselves are in the ambient air and will assume the temperature of the exhaust gas, so that such a tank can be recognized with an infrared locating device.
  • DE-B-1 099 799 shows an exhaust pipe for motor vehicles, which is to be led upwards out of the roof of the car body in order to avoid annoying pedestrians and heating up the car body.
  • the exhaust pipe should be surrounded by two concentric pipe sections, both of which end above the car body.
  • An ejector for sucking and mixing in cool ambient air is formed between pipes.
  • the exhaust gas will also contact this jacket tube and heat it up accordingly.
  • This constellation is ideal for infrared location.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a device of the type described above so that the infrared location of the end of the exhaust pipe is very difficult and little or no additional energy is to be used.
  • This is achieved according to the invention in that the casing tube forms an ejector with the end of the exhaust pipe for sucking in and admixing cool ambient air. This is the first time that an ejector is used in this area of technology, but it is used here to solve the specific task. No additional drive energy is required to admix the ambient air.
  • the cool ambient air surrounds the hot exhaust gases, as it were, of course, after the end of the exhaust pipe, a mixing zone occurs between the hot exhaust gases and the cool ambient air.
  • the jacket tube of the ejector can be easily constructed and designed so that this mixing zone also does not reach the boundary layer on the inner wall of the jacket tube.
  • the jacket tube therefore remains cool.
  • the sucked-in ambient air cools the free end of the jacket tube to a temperature that is below 100 ° C. No additional drive is required for this; the diffuser effect of the ejector even saves energy. This is due to the fact that pressure recovery takes place.
  • the back pressure for the drive machine is reduced.
  • gas turbine efficiencies are heavily dependent on this back pressure, which is composed of the pressure loss in the exhaust pipe and the exhaust outlet.
  • the use of the ejector also eliminates the need to use additional fans. This also saves weight and drive energy.
  • the jacket tube of the ejector is designed so that the cool ambient air can flow in with as little loss as possible.
  • the inlet of the ejector formed between the end region of the exhaust pipe and the casing pipe can have a widening cross section counter to the inlet direction of the ambient air to be mixed.
  • a cylindrical cross section is also possible.
  • the expansion proves to be favorable in terms of flow technology. It must also be taken into account that the mixing zone between the core jet of the primary jet and the secondary jet widens in a conical shape.
  • the cross-sectional ratio of the casing pipe to the exhaust pipe should be at least 1.5. Despite this small cross-sectional ratio, a large amount of secondary air is sucked in, thus achieving effective cooling in the end region of the jacket tube.
  • a further jacket tube can be connected downstream of the jacket tube, the two jacket tubes forming a second ejector.
  • This system is expandable. With this measure, on the one hand, the temperature in the edge areas is further reduced and, on the other hand, the viewing angle from above is reduced.
  • a ring line can be provided in a jacket pipe for the supply of sealing air conveyed under pressure, which is blown out via an annular nozzle to the inner wall of the jacket pipe.
  • This sealing air is used to lower the wall temperature at the endangered part of the free part of the jacket pipe.
  • a blower may be required to provide the sealing air, but the quantities to be conveyed here are relatively small.
  • the ring nozzle can also be divided into individual areas which, depending on the wind direction, are used solely to blow out the sealing air in order to carry out this measure as effectively as possible.
  • the hot exhaust gases are released into the environment according to arrow 2.
  • the free end 3 is surrounded by a casing tube 4, which is designed here as a continuously expanding double cone.
  • the casing tube 4 has an inlet 5 which engages around the free end 3 of the exhaust pipe 1, so that an ejector is formed in this way, which sucks in and carries away the ambient air between the outer diameter of the exhaust pipe 1 and the inlet 5 according to the arrows 6.
  • the core jet 7 maintains the temperature of the exhaust gases according to arrow 2.
  • the ambient air according to arrow 6 forms a boundary layer on the inner wall 8 of the casing tube 4.
  • a ring extends between the two, which is designated as the mixing zone 9 and in which a mixing temperature of the hot exhaust gases and the ambient air is established.
  • the shape of the casing tube 4 is selected such that neither the core jet 7 nor the mixing zone 9 can bear against the inner wall 8 of the casing tube 4. This ensures that the casing tube 4, especially at its free end 10, which is most at risk, assumes a temperature, which is definitely below 100 ° C. This means that infrared location at a certain viewing angle is no longer possible if the free end 3 of the exhaust pipe 1 is not visible.
  • a cylindrical jacket tube 4 ' is provided.
  • the geometrical relationships of the inner diameter D of the casing part 4 ', the inner diameter d of the exhaust pipe 1 and the protruding length L of the casing pipe 4' are matched to one another.
  • FIG. 3 builds on that of FIG. 2 and additionally shows the arrangement of a sealing air blow-out.
  • the casing tube 4 ' is provided with a ring line 11 which is supplied from a compressed air source via a connection 12 according to arrow 13.
  • the sealing air is blown out either over the entire circumference or with the aid of divided nozzle segments only over part of the circumference depending on the wind direction according to the arrows 14.
  • This creates an additional boundary layer in the region of the particularly endangered free end 10 of the casing tube 4 '.
  • weight and drive energy have to be used for the blower.
  • it is possible to keep the amount of sealing air small for example in the order of 2% of the amount of exhaust gas.
  • the sealing air outlet can also be selected if the outer diameter of the chimney cannot be chosen to be particularly large for other reasons.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zur Kühlung des Endes eines Abgasrohres, insbes. Schiffschornstein, Auspuffrohre von Panzern, Hubschraubern u.dgl. zur Abfuhr von heissen Gasen von Antriebsmaschinen, insbesondere Motoren, Turbinen o.dgl., durch Luft zur Begrenzung der ortungswirksamen Infrarotstrahlung, mit einem das freie Ende des Abgasrohres umgebenden sowie sich darüber hinaus in Ausströmrichtung erstreckenden Mantelrohr, zwischen dem und dem Abgasrohr ein Ringraum für den Durchtritt der Kühlluft gebildet ist, wobei das Mantelrohr an allen Stellen einen derart vergrösserten Durchmesser als das Abgasrohr aufweist, dass sich weder die heissen Abgase des Kernstrahls noch die Mischzone an die Innenwandung des Mantelrohrs anlegen können.The invention relates to a device for cooling the end of an exhaust pipe, in particular. Ship chimney, exhaust pipes of tanks, helicopters and the like. for the removal of hot gases from drive machines, in particular engines, turbines or the like, by air to limit the local infrared radiation, with a jacket pipe surrounding the free end of the exhaust pipe and also extending in the outflow direction, between which and the exhaust pipe an annular space for the passage of the cooling air is formed, with the jacket pipe having an enlarged diameter than the exhaust pipe at all points such that neither the hot exhaust gases from the core jet nor the mixing zone can contact the inner wall of the jacket pipe.

Beim Betrieb von Antriebsmaschinen entstehen notwendigerweise heisse Abgase, die durch ein Abgasrohr an die Umgebung abgegeben werden müssen. Diese heissen Abgase heizen dabei auch das Abgasrohr selbst auf. Da derartige Abgasrohre in der Regel aus Metall bestehen, nehmen auch die freien Endbereiche der Abgasrohre, die an sich von der Umgebungsluft gekühlt werden, eine beachtliche Temperatur an. Zusätzlich lässt es sich nicht vermeiden, dass von den Antriebsmaschinen her Russ- und Verkoklungsteilchen mit dem Abgas abgeführt werden, die sich an Ecken und Kanten, auch im Bereich des freien Endes des Abgasrohres an der Wandung ansetzen und dort nachglühen. Im militärischen Bereich ist es bekannt, die Infrarotortung von solchen heissen Stellen an Abgasrohren dazu einzusetzen, um die betreffenden Objekte zu erkennen und zu orten. Durch diese Infrarotortung können insbesondere Schiffsschornsteine leicht ausgemacht werden, weil die freien Enden der dort verwendeten Abgasrohre eine beachtliche Temperatur, etwa in der Grössenordnung von 400 bis 500°C annehmen. Diese Temperaturen werden teilweise bei ungünstigen Windrichtungen noch überschritten, also wenn die Fahrtrichtung des Schiffes und die Windrichtung so ungünstig zu einander liegen, dass die Abgasströmung im Abgasrohr nach einer Seite hin an die Wandung im Austrittsbereich angedrückt wird. Dies kommt insbesondere dann vor, wenn ein Schiffsschornstein starkem Querwind ausgesetzt ist.When operating drive machines, hot exhaust gases necessarily arise, which must be released into the environment through an exhaust pipe. These hot exhaust gases also heat up the exhaust pipe itself. Since such exhaust pipes generally consist of metal, the free end regions of the exhaust pipes, which are cooled by the ambient air, also take on a considerable temperature. In addition, it cannot be avoided that soot and carbonization particles are removed from the drive machines with the exhaust gas, which attach to corners and edges, also in the area of the free end of the exhaust pipe, on the wall and afterglow there. In the military field, it is known to use the infrared location of such hot spots on exhaust pipes to identify and locate the objects in question. This infrared location makes it particularly easy to spot ship chimneys, because the free ends of the exhaust pipes used there assume a considerable temperature, for example in the order of 400 to 500 ° C. These temperatures are sometimes exceeded in unfavorable wind directions, i.e. when the direction of travel of the ship and the wind direction are so unfavorable to one another that the exhaust gas flow in the exhaust pipe is pressed to one side against the wall in the outlet area. This is especially true when a ship's chimney is exposed to strong cross winds.

Bei Schiffsschornsteinen wird üblicherweise eine Verkleidung des Schornsteines durchgeführt. Die Verkleidung erstreckt sich um den Schornstein herum und bis in eine gewisse Höhe relativ zum freien Ende des Abgasrohres. Durch diese Verkleidung wird aber die Kühlung des eigentlichen Abgasrohres infolge Umgebungsluft wesentlich verschlechtert. Unter einem bestimmten Einblickwinkel ist daher ein solches Schiff von einem Flugkörper immer noch zu orten. Bei Panzern und Hubschraubern liegen die Auspuffrohre ohne Ummantelung in der Umgebungsluft, so dass hier eine Kühlung eintritt. Andererseits besteht aber damit die Gefahr, dass das Abgasrohr selbst heiss wird und auf einer grösseren Länge für die Ortung frei zugänglich ist.In the case of ship chimneys, the chimney is usually clad. The cladding extends around the chimney and up to a certain height relative to the free end of the exhaust pipe. This cladding, however, significantly deteriorates the cooling of the actual exhaust pipe due to ambient air. Such a ship can therefore still be located from a missile at a certain viewing angle. For tanks and helicopters, the exhaust pipes are uncovered in the ambient air, so that cooling occurs here. On the other hand, however, there is a risk that the exhaust pipe itself becomes hot and is freely accessible for location over a longer length.

Eine Vorrichtung der eingangs beschriebenen Art ist aus der US-A-3 817 030 bekannt. Es wird zur Erschwerung der Infrarotortung ein Aufsatz auf das Auspuffrohr einer Wärmekraftmaschine gezeigt und beschrieben, der auf das Gehäuse dieser Wärmekraftmaschine aufgesetzt ist. Dabei ist das Abgasrohr von einem Mantelrohr umgeben. Es ist ein Gebläse vorgesehen, welches Umgebungsluft ansaugt und als Kühlluft zunächst auf die Antriebsmaschine bläst, wobei die sich dabei erwärmende Kühlluft dann auch durch den Ringraum zwischen Abgasrohr und Mantelrohr geleitet wird. Diese Kühlluft wird somit durch Zwangströmung geführt; eine Ejektorwirkung ist nicht vorhanden. Das Gewicht des Gebläses sowie seine zugehörige Antriebsmaschine erhöhen in nachteiliger Weise das Gewicht des Fahrzeuges z.B. eines Kriegsschiffes, ganz abgesehen von dem erforderlichen Raumbedarf, auch für die zugehörigen Leitungen. In nachteiliger Weise ist bei der bekannten Vorrichtung das Mantelrohr mit dem heissen Abgasrohr metallisch leitend verbunden, so dass das Ende des Abgasrohres einerseits und das Ende des Mantelrohres andererseits jeweils entsprechende Temperaturen annehmen werden.A device of the type described in the opening paragraph is known from US-A-3 817 030. To complicate infrared localization, an attachment to the exhaust pipe of a heat engine is shown and described, which is placed on the housing of this heat engine. The exhaust pipe is surrounded by a jacket pipe. A blower is provided which sucks in ambient air and first blows it onto the drive machine as cooling air, the cooling air which is then heated then also being passed through the annular space between the exhaust pipe and the casing pipe. This cooling air is thus guided by forced flow; there is no ejector effect. The weight of the blower and its associated prime mover disadvantageously increase the weight of the vehicle e.g. a warship, quite apart from the space required, also for the associated lines. The casing device is disadvantageously connected to the hot exhaust pipe in a metallically conductive manner in the known device, so that the end of the exhaust pipe on the one hand and the end of the casing pipe on the other hand each assume corresponding temperatures.

Die DE-A-1 576 781 zeigt eine Abgasanlage für Panzerfahrzeuge, die dazu dient, das Orten, also das Wahrnehmen mit dem Auge, der heissen Abgase bzw. abgasführenden Teile, zu erschweren. Hierzu wird darauf abgestellt, eine Temperatursenkung der Abgase, nicht jedoch der abgasführenden Teile zu bewirken. Zu diesem Zweck wird ein Kühlluftgebläse eingesetzt, dessen Luft mit den heissen Abgasen innig vermischt wird, so dass die Temperatur des so gebildeten Mischgasstromes herabgesetzt ist. Die Abgasrohre selbst befinden sich in der Umgebungsluft und werden die Temperatur des Abgases annehmen, so dass ein solcher Panzer mit einem Infrarotortungsgerät zu erkennen ist.DE-A-1 576 781 shows an exhaust system for armored vehicles, which serves to make it difficult to locate, that is to say perceive with the eye, the hot exhaust gases or parts carrying exhaust gases. For this purpose, the aim is to bring the temperature of the exhaust gases down, but not that of the exhaust gas-carrying parts. For this purpose, a cooling air blower is used, the air of which is intimately mixed with the hot exhaust gases, so that the temperature of the mixed gas stream thus formed is reduced. The exhaust pipes themselves are in the ambient air and will assume the temperature of the exhaust gas, so that such a tank can be recognized with an infrared locating device.

Aus der FR-A-2 010 188 ist ein Abgasrohr zur Abfuhr von heissen Abgasen von Antriebsmaschinen bekannt, bei welchem es darauf ankommt, die Abfuhr des Gases möglichst schnell zu bewerkstelligen. Zur Erschwerung der Infrarotortung ist diese bekannte Vorrichtung nicht geeignet. Das Mantelrohr ist mit dem Abgasrohr an mehreren Stellen metallisch leitend verbunden. Zwar tritt bei dieser Vorrichtung eine gewisse Kühlwirkung ein, wenn die Vorrichtung in der richtigen Richtung ausgerichtet durch die Luft bewegt wird, was beispielsweise bei einem Schiffsschornstein schon nicht anwendbar ist, jedoch lässt sich nicht vermeiden, dass auch das Mantelrohr durch die metallisch leitende Verbindung mit dem Abgasrohr eine beachtliche Temperatur annehmen wird, die zur Infrarotortung ausreicht.From FR-A-2 010 188 an exhaust pipe for the discharge of hot exhaust gases from drive machines is known, in which it is important to remove the gas as quickly as possible. This known device is not suitable for complicating infrared location. The jacket pipe is connected to the exhaust pipe in a metal-conductive manner at several points. Although this device has a certain cooling effect if the device is moved in the correct direction by the air, which is not applicable, for example, to a ship's chimney, it cannot be avoided that the casing pipe is also prevented by the metallically conductive connection the exhaust pipe will assume a considerable temperature, which is sufficient for infrared detection.

Die DE-B-1 099 799 zeigt eine Auspuffleitung für Kraftwagen, die nach oben aus dem Dach des Wagenkastens herausgeführt werden soll, um Belästigung von Strassenpassanten und ein Aufheizen des Wagenkastens zu vermeiden. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Abgasrohr mit zwei konzentrischen Rohrstücken umgeben werden soll, die beide oberhalb des Wagenkastens enden. Hier wird zwischen Rohren ein Ejektor für das Ansaugen und Zumischen von kühler Umgebungsluft gebildet. Infolge der grossen axialen Länge des inneren der zwei Mantelrohre wird sich aber das Abgas auch an diesem Mantelrohr berührend anlegen und dieses entsprechend aufheizen. Auch bei dieser Vorrichtung entstehen somit heisse Stellen innerhalb eines temperierten Feldes. Diese Konstellation ist ideal für eine Infrarotortung.DE-B-1 099 799 shows an exhaust pipe for motor vehicles, which is to be led upwards out of the roof of the car body in order to avoid annoying pedestrians and heating up the car body. To the solution This task suggests that the exhaust pipe should be surrounded by two concentric pipe sections, both of which end above the car body. An ejector for sucking and mixing in cool ambient air is formed between pipes. As a result of the large axial length of the interior of the two jacket tubes, the exhaust gas will also contact this jacket tube and heat it up accordingly. With this device, too, hot spots arise within a temperature-controlled field. This constellation is ideal for infrared location.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs beschriebenen Art so weiterzubilden, dass die Infrarotortung des Endes des Abgasrohres stark erschwert ist und dabei keine oder möglichst wenig zusätzliche Energie aufzuwenden ist. Erfindungsgemäss wird dies dadurch erreicht, dass das Mantelrohr mit dem Ende des Abgasrohres einen Ejektor zum Ansaugen und Zumischen von kühler Umgebungsluft bildet. Damit wird erstmalig auch in diesem Bereich der Technik ein Ejektor eingesetzt, der jedoch hier zur Lösung der gestellten und speziellen Aufgabe dient. Zur Zumischung der Umgebungsluft wird keine zusätzlich Antriebsenergie benötigt. Die kühle Umgebungsluft ummantelt gleichsam die heissen Abgase, wobei selbstverständlich nach dem Ende des Abgasrohres ringförmig eine Mischungszonge zwischen den heissen Abgasen und der kühlen Umgebungsluft auftritt. Das Mantelrohr des Ejektors lässt sich ohne weiteres so konstruieren und auslegen, dass auch diese Mischzone die Grenzschicht an der Innenwandung des Mantelrohres nicht erreicht. Das Mantelrohr bleibt also kühl. Dabei wird durch die angesaugte Umgebungsluft das freie Ende des Mantelrohres auf eine Temperatur gekühlt, die unter 100°C liegt. Hierfür ist keinerlei Zusatzantrieb erforderlich; es wird durch die Diffusorwirkung des Ejektors sogar noch Energie eingespart. Dies hat seine Ursache darin, dass eine Druckrückgewinnung stattfindet. Mit Hilfe des Ejektors findet eine Verminderung des Gegendruckes für die Antriebsmaschine statt. Insbesondere Gasturbinen-Wirkungsgrade sind stark abhängig von diesem Gegendruck, der sich aus dem Druckverlust der Abgasleitung und des Abgasaustritts zusammensetzt. Durch die Anwendung eines Ejektors wird somit gleichzeitig der Turbinenwirkungsgrad verbessert. Durch den Einsatz des Ejektors erübrigt sich auch die etwaige Verwendung von zusätzlichen Gebläsen. Damit wird auch Gewicht sowie Antriebsenergie eingespart. Das Mantelrohr des Ejektors wird so ausgebildet, dass die kühle Umgebungsluft möglichst verlustfrei zuströmen kann.The invention has for its object to develop a device of the type described above so that the infrared location of the end of the exhaust pipe is very difficult and little or no additional energy is to be used. This is achieved according to the invention in that the casing tube forms an ejector with the end of the exhaust pipe for sucking in and admixing cool ambient air. This is the first time that an ejector is used in this area of technology, but it is used here to solve the specific task. No additional drive energy is required to admix the ambient air. The cool ambient air surrounds the hot exhaust gases, as it were, of course, after the end of the exhaust pipe, a mixing zone occurs between the hot exhaust gases and the cool ambient air. The jacket tube of the ejector can be easily constructed and designed so that this mixing zone also does not reach the boundary layer on the inner wall of the jacket tube. The jacket tube therefore remains cool. The sucked-in ambient air cools the free end of the jacket tube to a temperature that is below 100 ° C. No additional drive is required for this; the diffuser effect of the ejector even saves energy. This is due to the fact that pressure recovery takes place. With the help of the ejector, the back pressure for the drive machine is reduced. In particular, gas turbine efficiencies are heavily dependent on this back pressure, which is composed of the pressure loss in the exhaust pipe and the exhaust outlet. By using an ejector, the turbine efficiency is simultaneously improved. The use of the ejector also eliminates the need to use additional fans. This also saves weight and drive energy. The jacket tube of the ejector is designed so that the cool ambient air can flow in with as little loss as possible.

Der zwischen dem Endbereich des Abgasrohres und dem Mantelrohr gebildete Einlauf des Ejektors kann entgegen der Einlaufrichtung der zuzumischenden Umgebungsluft einen sich erweiternden Querschnitt aufweisen. Grundsätzlich ist aber auch ein zylindrischer Querschnitt möglich. Die Erweiterung erweist sich jedoch in strömungstechnischer Hinsicht als günstig. Ausserdem ist zu berücksichtigen, dass sich die Mischzone zwischen dem Kernstrahl des Primärstrahls und des Sekundärstrahls kegelförmig erweitert.The inlet of the ejector formed between the end region of the exhaust pipe and the casing pipe can have a widening cross section counter to the inlet direction of the ambient air to be mixed. In principle, however, a cylindrical cross section is also possible. However, the expansion proves to be favorable in terms of flow technology. It must also be taken into account that the mixing zone between the core jet of the primary jet and the secondary jet widens in a conical shape.

Das Querschnittsverhältnis des Mantelrohres zum Abgasrohr sollte mindestens 1,5 betragen. Trotz dieses kleinen Querschnittsverhältnisses wird eine grosse Menge Sekundärluft angesaugt und somit eine wirksame Kühlung im Endbereich des Mantelrohres erzielt.The cross-sectional ratio of the casing pipe to the exhaust pipe should be at least 1.5. Despite this small cross-sectional ratio, a large amount of secondary air is sucked in, thus achieving effective cooling in the end region of the jacket tube.

Dem Mantelrohr kann ein weiteres Mantelrohr nachgeschaltet sein, wobei die beiden Mantelrohre einen zweiten Ejektor bilden. Dieses System ist erweiterungsfähig. Mit dieser Massnahme wird einerseits die Temperatur in den Randbereichen noch weiter herabgesetzt und andererseits der Einblickwinkel von oben verkleinert.A further jacket tube can be connected downstream of the jacket tube, the two jacket tubes forming a second ejector. This system is expandable. With this measure, on the one hand, the temperature in the edge areas is further reduced and, on the other hand, the viewing angle from above is reduced.

Zusätzlich kann in einem Mantelrohr eine Ringleitung für die Zufuhr von unter Druck geförderter Sperrluft vorgesehen sein, die über eine Ringdüse an die Innenwandung des Mantelrohres ausgeblasen wird. Diese Sperrluftausblasung dient zur Absenkung der Wandtemperatur an dem gefährdeten Teil des freien Teils des Mantelrohres. Für die Bereitstellung der Sperrluft kann ein Gebläse erforderlich sein, allerdings sind die hier zu fördernden Mengen relativ gering. Die Ringdüse kann auch in einzelne Bereiche unterteilt sein, die je nach Windrichtung allein zum Ausblasen der Sperrluft benutzt werden, um diese Massnahme möglichst wirksam durchzuführen.In addition, a ring line can be provided in a jacket pipe for the supply of sealing air conveyed under pressure, which is blown out via an annular nozzle to the inner wall of the jacket pipe. This sealing air is used to lower the wall temperature at the endangered part of the free part of the jacket pipe. A blower may be required to provide the sealing air, but the quantities to be conveyed here are relatively small. The ring nozzle can also be divided into individual areas which, depending on the wind direction, are used solely to blow out the sealing air in order to carry out this measure as effectively as possible.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden im Folgenden weiter beschrieben. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine erste Ausführungsform des Abgasrohres mit Ejektor,
  • Fig. 2 eine zweite Ausführungsform des Abgasrohres mit Ejektor und
  • Fig. 3 eine Ausführungsform des Ejektors mit zusätzlicher Sperrluftausblasung.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described further below. Show it:
  • 1 shows a first embodiment of the exhaust pipe with ejector,
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the exhaust pipe with ejector and
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the ejector with additional air purge.

Durch das Abgasrohr 1, von dem nur der Endbereich dargestellt ist, werden gemäss Pfeil 2 die heissen Abgase in die Umgebung abgegeben. Das freie Ende 3 ist von einem Mantelrohr 4 umgeben, der hier als sich unstetig erweiternder Doppelkegel ausgebildet ist. Das Mantelrohr 4 besitzt einen Einlauf 5, der das freie Ende 3 des Abgasrohres 1 umgreift, so dass auf diese Weise ein Ejektor gebildet ist, der zwischen dem äusseren Durchmesser des Abgasrohres 1 und dem Einlauf 5 die Umgebungsluft gemäss den Pfeilen 6 ansaugt und mitreisst. Der Kernstrahl 7 behält dabei die Temperatur der Abgase gemäss Pfeil 2. Die Umgebungsluft gemäss Pfeil 6 bildet an der Innenwandung 8 des Mantelrohres 4 eine Grenzschicht. Zwischen beiden erstreckt sich ein Ring, der als Mischungszone 9 bezeichnet ist und in welchem sich eine Mischtemperatur aus den heissen Abgasen und der Umgebungsluft einstellt. Wie ersichtlich, ist die Formgebung des Mantelrohres 4 so gewählt, dass sich weder der Kernstrahl 7 noch die Mischungszone 9 an der Innenwandung 8 des Mantelrohres.4 anlgegen können. Auf diese Weise ist sichergestellt, dass das Mantelrohr 4, insbesondere an seinem freien Ende 10, weiches am meisten gefährdet ist, eine Temperatur annimmt, die auf jeden Fall unter 100 °C liegt. Damit ist eine Infrarotortung unter bestimmtem Einblickswinkel nicht mehr möglich, wenn das freie Ende 3 des Abgasrohres 1 nicht sichtbar ist.Through the exhaust pipe 1, of which only the end region is shown, the hot exhaust gases are released into the environment according to arrow 2. The free end 3 is surrounded by a casing tube 4, which is designed here as a continuously expanding double cone. The casing tube 4 has an inlet 5 which engages around the free end 3 of the exhaust pipe 1, so that an ejector is formed in this way, which sucks in and carries away the ambient air between the outer diameter of the exhaust pipe 1 and the inlet 5 according to the arrows 6. The core jet 7 maintains the temperature of the exhaust gases according to arrow 2. The ambient air according to arrow 6 forms a boundary layer on the inner wall 8 of the casing tube 4. A ring extends between the two, which is designated as the mixing zone 9 and in which a mixing temperature of the hot exhaust gases and the ambient air is established. As can be seen, the shape of the casing tube 4 is selected such that neither the core jet 7 nor the mixing zone 9 can bear against the inner wall 8 of the casing tube 4. This ensures that the casing tube 4, especially at its free end 10, which is most at risk, assumes a temperature, which is definitely below 100 ° C. This means that infrared location at a certain viewing angle is no longer possible if the free end 3 of the exhaust pipe 1 is not visible.

Bei der Ausführungsform gemäss Fig. 2 ist ein zylinderförmiges Mantelrohr 4' vorgesehen. Die geometrischen Verhältnisse des Innendurchmessers D des Mantelteils 4', des Innendurchmessers d des Abgasrohres 1 und der überstehenden Länge L des Mantelrohres 4' sind aufeinander abgestimmt. Das Querschnittsverhältnis ergibt sich von

Figure imgb0001
für Schiffsschornsteine vorgegebener Bauart. Aus Platzgründen ist man bei Schiffsschornsteinen oft gezwungen, die Querschnittsverhältnisse klein zu wählen. Je nach Querschnittsverhältnis ist die axiale Länge L = 1-5 D zu wählen.In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, a cylindrical jacket tube 4 'is provided. The geometrical relationships of the inner diameter D of the casing part 4 ', the inner diameter d of the exhaust pipe 1 and the protruding length L of the casing pipe 4' are matched to one another. The cross-sectional ratio results from
Figure imgb0001
for ship chimneys of specified design. For reasons of space, ship chimneys are often forced to choose small cross-sectional ratios. Depending on the cross-sectional ratio, the axial length L = 1-5 D should be selected.

Es versteht sich, dass bei den Ausführungsformen der Fig. 1 und 2 nur ein einziger Ejektor Anwendung findet. Selbstverständlich ist es möglich, auch mehrere Mantelrohre 4 bzw. 4' mit sich jeweils erweiterndem Durchmesser hintereinanderzuschalten, um auf diese Weise mehrere Ejektoren in Verbindung mit einem Abgasrohr 1 zu schaffen.It is understood that only a single ejector is used in the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2. Of course, it is also possible to connect a plurality of jacket pipes 4 or 4 ′ in series, each with an expanding diameter, in order to create a plurality of ejectors in connection with an exhaust pipe 1.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 3 baut auf demjenigen der Fig. 2 auf und zeigt zusätzlich die Anordnung einer Sperrluftausblasung. Zu diesem Zweck ist das Mantelrohr 4' mit einer Ringleitung 11 versehen, die über einen Anschluss 12 gemäss Pfeil 13 von einer Druckluftquelle versorgt wird. Das Ausblasen der Sperrluft erfolgt entweder über den gesamten Umfang oder mit Hilfe geteilter Düsensegmente nur über einen Teil des Umfangs je nach Windrichtung gemäss den Pfeilen 14. Hierdurch wird eine zusätzliche Grenzschicht im Bereich des besonders gefährdeten freien Endes 10 des Mantelrohres 4' geschaffen. Freilich ist damit der Nachteil verbunden, dass für das Gebläse Gewicht und Antriebsenergie aufgewendet werden muss. Es ist aber möglich, die Sperrluftmenge gering, etwa in der Grössenordnung von 2% der Abgasmenge, zu halten. Die Sperrluftausblasung kann auch dann zusätzlich gewählt werden, wenn der äussere Durchmesser des Schornsteins aus anderen Gründen nicht besonders gross gewählt werden kann.The embodiment of FIG. 3 builds on that of FIG. 2 and additionally shows the arrangement of a sealing air blow-out. For this purpose, the casing tube 4 'is provided with a ring line 11 which is supplied from a compressed air source via a connection 12 according to arrow 13. The sealing air is blown out either over the entire circumference or with the aid of divided nozzle segments only over part of the circumference depending on the wind direction according to the arrows 14. This creates an additional boundary layer in the region of the particularly endangered free end 10 of the casing tube 4 '. Of course, this has the disadvantage that weight and drive energy have to be used for the blower. However, it is possible to keep the amount of sealing air small, for example in the order of 2% of the amount of exhaust gas. The sealing air outlet can also be selected if the outer diameter of the chimney cannot be chosen to be particularly large for other reasons.

Claims (7)

1. Device for cooling the end of an exhaust pipe, especially a ship's funnel, the exhaust pipe of tanks or helicopters, and the like, so as to remove the hot gases of drive machinery, especially engines, turbines or the like, by air in order to restrict the infra-red radiation which permits location detection, the device having a jacket pipe which surrounds the free end of the exhaust pipe and extends beyond it in the exit direction, between which jacket pipe and the exhaust pipe there is formed an annular space for the passage of the cooling air, the jacket pipe having, throughout its length, a diameter which is sufficiently larger than that of the exhaust pipe that neither the hot exhaust gases of the core jet nor the mixing zone can touch the inner wall of the jacket pipe, characterised in that the jacket pipe (4, 4') forms, together with the end (3) of the exhaust pipe (1), an ejector for drawing in and admixing cool air from the surroundings.
2. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the inlet of the ejector formed between the end zone (3) of the exhaust pipe (1) and the jacket pipe (4, 4') has a cross-section which increases counter to the inlet direction (6) of the surrounding air which is to be admixed.
3. Device according to Claim 1 to 2, characterised in that after the inlet (5) the jacket pipe (4, 4') is constructed to be cylindrical or flared in the flow direction.
4. Device according to Claim 1 to 3, characterised in that the ratio of the cross-section of the jacket pipe (4, 4') to the exhaust pipe (1) is not less than 1.5.
5. Device according to Claim 1 to 4, characterised in that the jacket pipe (4, 4') is followed by a further jacket pipe, with the two jacket pipes forming a second ejector.
6. Device according to Claim 1 to 5, characterised in that in one jacket pipe (4, 4') there is provided a circular pipeline (11) for supplying barrier air conveyed under pressure, which air is blown, via a circular jet, against the inner wall of the jacket pipe.
7. Device according to Claim 6, characterised in that the circular jet is subdivided into individual zones.
EP81102106A 1980-03-20 1981-03-20 Air-cooled exhaust pipe for limiting the locatable infrared radiation Expired - Lifetime EP0036643B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE3010598 1980-03-20
DE3010598A DE3010598C2 (en) 1980-03-20 1980-03-20 Exhaust pipe cooled by ambient air

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EP0036643A1 EP0036643A1 (en) 1981-09-30
EP0036643B1 true EP0036643B1 (en) 1985-01-16
EP0036643B2 EP0036643B2 (en) 1993-03-10

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US4638632A (en) 1987-01-27
DE3168236D1 (en) 1985-02-28
DE3010598C2 (en) 1984-05-24
DE3010598A1 (en) 1981-10-08
EP0036643B2 (en) 1993-03-10
EP0036643A1 (en) 1981-09-30

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