Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L27/04—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
  • C08L27/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L27/22—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L27/24—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment halogenated
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L33/24—Homopolymers or copolymers of amides or imides

Definitions

• Belgium Patent 848,486 discloses certain novel polyglutarimides which may be prepared by a novel process, these polyglutarimides having improved properties over previous polyglutarimides.
• European Patent Application 13485 discloses improving the notched Izod impact strength and Gardner VHIT impact values of such polyglutarimides by blending them with polycarbonate and multiple stage polymers based on butadiene or acrylates.
• PVC polyvinyl chloride polymers
• This invention enables the provision of impact resistant polyglutarimides which can be made clear if desired and of impact resistant vinyl chloride polymers having attractive heat distortion temperatures.
• This invention provides a composition
• a composition comprising a blend of vinyl chloride polymer and glutarimide polymer units, including mixtures of units, of the structural formula wherein R 1 , R 21 and R 3 may be the same or different and are hydrogen or C 1 to C 20 unsubstituted or substituted alkyl or aryl in a weight ratio of from 5:95 to 95:5.
• the useful polyglutarimides include any known in the art, but those of Belgium Patent Specification 848486 have such attractive properties that they are greatly preferred.
• the most preferred glutarimide polymers are those which have been prepared from acrylic polymers such as poly(methylmethacrylate) and copolymers thereof by reaction in an extruder reactor in accordance with the Belgian Patent Specification with ammonia or a source of ammonia, or methyl amine so that 1 to 100% of the acrylic ester groups are imidized. The optimum results are obtained with degrees of imidization of 20 to 60%.
• the weight average molecular weights of the glutarimide polymers are typically 100,000 to 200,000.
• Such preferred glutarimide polymers contain units, including mixtures of units, of the structural formula: wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and are hydrogen or (C to C 20 )-unsubstituted or -substituted alkyl or aryl group(s).
• R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and are hydrogen or (C to C 20 )-unsubstituted or -substituted alkyl or aryl group(s).
• Other units derived from comonomers such as styrene, methacrylic acid, vinyl acetate and other ethylenically unsaturated compounds can also be present in the structure.
• the vinyl chloride polymer can be any polymer containing at least 50% by weight vinyl chloride units, for example (vinyl chloride), chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, poly(vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate) or other known copolymer of vinyl chloride.
• the preferred vinyl chloride polymer is homopolyvinyl chloride (PVC).
• the weight ratio of the vinyl chloride polymer to the imide polymer is generally 5:95 to 95:5.
• the composition further includes an "impact modifier polymer.”
• impact modifier polymer polymers useful for modifying the impact resistance of vinyl chloride polymer itself.
• suitable amounts of impact modifer polymer usually comprise 1 to 50% by weight of the blend of vinyl chloride polymer, polyglutarimide polymer, and impact modifier.
• PVC impact modifiers include butadiene or acrylic based multiple stage polymers, and ethylene-vinyl acetate and these are preferred in the present invention.
• Preferred butadiene based multiple stage polymer include MBS (methacrylate-butadiene styrene) types or an ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene- styrene) types; for example, multiple stage polymers having a butadiene-styrene first stage, styrene second stage, and a methylmethacrylate- styrene final stage or an acrylonitrile-styrene final stage can be used.
• MBS methacrylate-butadiene styrene
• ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene- styrene
• An example of a suitable acrylic based multiple stage polymer has a crosslinked butyl acrylate first stage and a methyl methacrylate final stage.
• Impact modifiers having both butadiene and acrylate as comonomers in a first stage, and a second stage derived from methacrylate, styrene or other similarly performed monomer are also suitable.
• the DTUFL, or heat distortion temperature, of the vinyl chloride polymer can be increased by the higher DTUFL glutarimide polymers.
• the impact modifier polymer can be made to match the refractive index of the compatible blend of the vinyl chloride polymer and the glutarimide polymer, so that a clear ternary polymer blend can result.
• This compatibility is especially advantageous because it would be extremely difficult to match the refractive indices of three polymers such as the PVC, glutarimide polymer, and impact modifier polymer. This system of three components behaves as a two component system for purposes of refractive index matching.
• Polyglutarimide prepared in accordance with Belgian Patent 848,486 and having a Vicat softening point of 169°C was used.
• the PVC was extruded with stabilizers and lubricants, as indicated in Table I, in a 2.54 cm ( 1 inch). Killion extruder using a moderate shear screw and sequential zone temperatures of 157.2°C(315°F), 171.1°C (340°F), 173.9°C (345°F) and 176.7°C (350°F) to form pellets.
• Example 1 80 parts polyglutarimide and 20 parts PVC were blended using this method. The Vicat temperature, impact strength (notched Izod) and clarity were measured, and are reported in Table III.
• Example 2 30 parts polyglutarimide, 20 parts PVC, and 50 parts of the MBS multiple stage polymer were blended using this method, the same measurements were made, and the results reported in Table III.
• Example 3 40.10 parts polyglutarimide, 25.95 parts PVC, and 33.95 parts of the MBS polymer were blended using this method, and the results of the measurements reported in Table III.
• Example 1 The procedure of Examples 1 to 3 was followed, except for using a ratio of 50% polyglutarimide, 13% PVC, and 37% MBS modifier a 6.35 cm 21 ⁇ 2 in) NRM extruder using a moderate compression screw and zone temperatures of 290/350/370/350/380/370°F. Before these polymers were blended the polyvinyl chloride was stabilized as indicated in Table II. The extrusion product was injection moulded into test bars having the composition and properties listed in Table III. This method of making product is referred to as a powder blend.
• Example 4 The procedure of Example 4 was followed, except for using a different modifier which had a butyl acrylate, butylene diacrylate, diallyl maleate first stage (ratio 79.2/0.4/0.4) and a methyl methacrylate final stage (20 parts).
• the impact modifier was not matched in refractive index to the PVC/polyglutarimide blend, resulting in opaque ternary blends.
• Table III The results are in Table III.
• Example 5 The procedure of Example 5 was followed except for using a ratio of 25 parts polyglutarimide, 50 parts PVC, and 25 parts modifier. The results are in Table III.
• the same polyglutarimide as described in Example 1 and 2 is used.
• the polyglutarimide, polyvinyl chloride and multiple stage polymer having a partially acrylic first stage are first mixed and then extruded in a 6.35 cm (22") NRM extruder with zone temperatures of 185°C(365°F)/190.6°C(375°F)/210°C(410°F)/215.6°C (420°F)/187.8°C(370°F)/182.2°C(360°F) into strands and then pelletized.
• the pellets are then injection moulded into samples.
• Table III The properties of these samples are given in Table III.
• Example 1 was repeated except that the polyglutarimid used had a glass transition temperature of about 1 45 o C, an the ratios of materials were varied as shown in Table IV.
• This example shows use of PVC, polyglutarimide, impact modifier formulations having very high PVC/ glutarimide ratios, and demonstrates improvement of PVC thermal and mechanical properties using this invention.
• Example 5 To a PVC formulation containing the following ingredients were added the impact modifier shown in Example 5 and a methylamine imide of polymethyl methacrylate as shown in Table V.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

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• 1980
  • 1980-02-19 US US06/122,170 patent/US4255322A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1981
  • 1981-02-06 CA CA000370259A patent/CA1150881A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1981-02-12 ZA ZA00810931A patent/ZA81931B/xx unknown
  • 1981-02-17 EP EP81300631A patent/EP0035341B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1981-02-17 DE DE8181300631T patent/DE3163445D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1981-02-19 JP JP2234081A patent/JPS56159243A/ja active Granted

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