EP0034855B1 - Procédé d'électrolyse d'une solution aqueuse d'halogénure de métal alcalin dans une cellule à cathode de mercure - Google Patents

Procédé d'électrolyse d'une solution aqueuse d'halogénure de métal alcalin dans une cellule à cathode de mercure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0034855B1
EP0034855B1 EP81200164A EP81200164A EP0034855B1 EP 0034855 B1 EP0034855 B1 EP 0034855B1 EP 81200164 A EP81200164 A EP 81200164A EP 81200164 A EP81200164 A EP 81200164A EP 0034855 B1 EP0034855 B1 EP 0034855B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mercury
cell
sheet
vibrate
baseplate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81200164A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0034855A1 (fr
Inventor
Pierre Lapointe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Solvay SA
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Solvay SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Solvay SA filed Critical Solvay SA
Priority to AT81200164T priority Critical patent/ATE9007T1/de
Publication of EP0034855A1 publication Critical patent/EP0034855A1/fr
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Publication of EP0034855B1 publication Critical patent/EP0034855B1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
    • C25B1/36—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in mercury cathode cells

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a process for the electrolysis of an aqueous alkali metal halide solution, in particular a sodium chloride brine, in an electrolysis cell the cathode of which is formed of a sheet of mercury in flow on an inclined floor.
  • an aqueous alkali metal halide solution in particular a sodium chloride brine
  • the invention therefore relates to a process for the electrolysis of an aqueous alkali metal halide solution in an electrolysis cell, the cathode of which is a sheet of mercury flowing on an inclined bottom of the cell, in which vibrate the sole; according to the invention, distinct zones of the hearth are made to vibrate, separately and successively from the downstream end to the upstream end of the mercury sheet, and the vibrations applied to each of said ones are controlled separate areas.
  • the vibrations used must be both sufficient to detach the clusters of large mercury which adhere to the bottom of the cell in the area considered, but insufficient to cause projections of droplets mercury in the cell or untimely contact of the mercury sheet with the anodes of the cell.
  • the choice of the frequency and amplitude of the vibrations therefore depends on a large number of factors, among which are in particular the nature of the sole material and its roughness, the viscosity of the mercury sheet, as well as its thickness. and its flow speed on the floor, the direction of the vibrations. It must be established in each particular case by routine work.
  • the vibrations can be parallel to the sole or have a component perpendicular thereto.
  • this vibratory component can be parallel, perpendicular or oblique with respect to the direction of flow of the sheet of mercury.
  • vibrations having a vertical component or perpendicular to the sole are preferred, according to the invention, to use vibrations having a vertical component or perpendicular to the sole.
  • the method used to vibrate the sole of the cell is not critical.
  • the vibrators can be embedded in the mercury sheet and applied against the upper face of the hearth. For reasons of convenience, however, it is preferable to place the vibrators against the underside of the hearth.
  • vibration zone is intended to denote an area of the surface of the sole, which is subjected, independently of the remaining surface of the sole, to vibrations of sufficient intensity and frequency to detach large clusters mercury which could adhere to any place in said zone and allow their entrainment by the sheet of mercury, outside of said zone.
  • the number of vibration zones should preferably be sufficient so that together, these cover the entire floor of the cell. As a variant, several zones may possibly overlap.
  • the optimum choice of the number and dimensions of the vibration zones depends on various factors, among which are the length of the cell, the thickness of the mercury sheet as well as its viscosity and its speed of flow on the floor, the nature of the sole material as well as its roughness and elasticity, the slope of the sole, the importance of the formation of large mercury clusters and the choice of the frequency and intensity of the vibrations. It can be established easily in each particular case by routine work.
  • the vibration zones are arranged one behind the other between the upstream and downstream ends of the sheet of mercury, we usually obtain good results when the length of each area is approximately between 0.5 and 10 m, preferably between 2 and 7 m.
  • a first embodiment of the invention it is possible to vibrate several distinct zones of the sole of the cell simultaneously by using vibration characteristics which vary from one zone to another, for example frequencies or amplitudes of different vibrations.
  • the optimum time interval which must be observed between the vibration of one zone and the vibration of the next zone is that set by the clusters of large mercury. to move from the zone that has just been vibrated to the next zone.
  • the zones of the sole are vibrated successively from the downstream end to the upstream end of the ply of mercury, then they are vibrated successively from the upstream end to the downstream end.
  • this preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention makes it possible to optimize the evacuation of the large mercury out of the cell, by reducing to a minimum value the risk of a disturbance of the electrolysis process. .
  • the electrolysis cell shown in Figure 1 includes a trough 1 closed by a cover 2.
  • the trough 1 is delimited by longitudinal legs 3, transverse end walls 4 and a steel base 5 having a moderate slope , for example of the order of 6 mm per running meter.
  • the gauge 1 rests, via the sole 5, on elastic supports 18 fixed to a base 19 generally made of concrete.
  • Anodes 8 are suspended in the cell, vis-à-vis the floor 5, by rods 9 sealingly passing through the cover 2 and also playing the role of electrical conductors to the anodes.
  • the cell is connected, near the upstream end of its bottom 5, to a mercury inlet duct intended to form the cathode 11 flowing on the bottom 5. Near its downstream end, the cell is in communication with a discharge pipe 12 of the amalgam of alkali metal formed by electrolysis of an aqueous solution of chloride of this alkali metal between the anodes 8 and the cathode 11.
  • This solution for example a brine of chloride of sodium or potassium, is introduced into the cell via an intake conduit 13, while the solution, exhausted after electrolysis, is drawn out of the cell by an evacuation conduit 14.
  • the cell is also provided with a conduit 15 for the evacuation of the chlorine released at the anodes.
  • a series of vibrators 20, 21, 22, 23, ..., 24, 25, 26 are aligned between the upstream end and the downstream end of the floor 5 and applied against the underside of the latter. This. Their respective positions and their orientation are chosen according to their power, so that when they are actuated, they are capable of subjecting the whole of the sole 5 to vertical vibrations of sufficient intensity to detach clusters of large adhering mercury. normally at the sole, but insufficient to cause mercury droplets to splash into the cell or untimely contact of mercury with the anodes.
  • each vibrator 20, 21, 22, 23, ..., 24, 25, 26 thus controls a limited area of the floor 5 of the cell; these zones, which are contiguous, are shown respectively in 27, 28, 29, 30, ..., 31, 32, 33 in FIG. 2.
  • each of these zones, for example zone 29 is the part from the surface of the hearth 5 from which clusters of large mercury can normally be detached and evacuated by entrainment in the sheet of mercury 11, by actuation only of the vibrator placed directly above said zone, in this case the vibrator 22 in the case of zone 29.
  • the vibrators 20, 21, 22, 23, ..., 24, 25, 26 can advantageously be vibrators with mechanical operation, capable of subjecting the bottom 5 of the cell to vertical forces from bottom to top, for example percussion , of the order of 40,000 to 60,000 N, at a frequency of the order of 140 to 250 Hz. As a variant, it is also possible to use vibrators with frequency higher, for example of the order of 25,000 N.
  • Mechanical vibrators usable in the context of the invention are those of the eccentric or unbalance type, generally fitted to vibrating screens (Engineering techniques, General, A 904-5, July 1964, paragraphs 4, 72).
  • Another category of vibrators with mechanical operation which are well suited in the context of the invention is formed of those which are usually fitted to impact screens, and in which percussion masses are projected from bottom to top against the floor 5 of the cell , by cam or ratchet mechanisms (dito, paras. 4, 6).
  • the vibrators such as 20, 21, 22, .... 26 can all be identical or, alternatively, they can be of different power. In the latter case, the vibration zones of the sole, as defined above, have different lengths.
  • the vibrators are periodically actuated according to a well-defined operating cycle.
  • the downstream vibrator 26 is first actuated, for example for a period of 15 to 30 seconds, the other vibrators being stopped, so that only the downstream area 33 of the hearth is the seat of vibrations of sufficient intensity to detach the clusters of large mercury which could adhere to it and allow their entrainment by the sheet of mercury.
  • the vibrator 25 which immediately precedes it is activated, also for 15 to 30 seconds, so that this time it is the area 32 of the floor 5 of the cell which is the seat of vibrations d sufficient to detach possible clusters of large mercury.
  • the time to be respected between the stop of the upstream vibrator 20, at the end of a cycle, and the start of the downstream vibrator 26 at the start of the next cycle depends in particular on the length of the cell, on the number of vibrators , the overall duration of a vibration cycle and the rate of formation of large mercury clusters on the sole. Depending on the case, it can vary from a few minutes to several hours. As a variant, in critical cases of cells which are the site of a large formation of large mercury clusters, it may sometimes be necessary to start a new cycle of vibrations downstream upstream, before the previous cycle be finished.
  • a vibration cycle from upstream to l is started. 'downstream ; for this purpose, after having actuated the vibrators 26, 25, 24, ..., 23, 22, 21 then 20 separately, successively, the vibrators 20, 21, 22, 23 are actuated separately and in the following order, ..., 24, 25 then 26.
  • This variant of the invention ensures optimum cleaning of the bottom 5 of the cell and a regular and optimum evacuation of large mercury clusters from the cell, while reducing to a minimum the disturbances in the flow of the water table. mercury and, consequently, in the course of electrolysis. All other things being equal, it also allows minimum anode-cathode distances.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
EP81200164A 1980-02-20 1981-02-12 Procédé d'électrolyse d'une solution aqueuse d'halogénure de métal alcalin dans une cellule à cathode de mercure Expired EP0034855B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81200164T ATE9007T1 (de) 1980-02-20 1981-02-12 Verfahren zur elektrolyse einer waessrigen alkalimetallhalogenidloesung in einer quecksilberkathodenzelle.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8003770 1980-02-20
FR8003770A FR2476147A1 (fr) 1980-02-20 1980-02-20 Procede d'electrolyse d'une solution aqueuse d'halogenure de metal alcalin dans une cellule a cathode de mercure

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0034855A1 EP0034855A1 (fr) 1981-09-02
EP0034855B1 true EP0034855B1 (fr) 1984-08-15

Family

ID=9238790

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81200164A Expired EP0034855B1 (fr) 1980-02-20 1981-02-12 Procédé d'électrolyse d'une solution aqueuse d'halogénure de métal alcalin dans une cellule à cathode de mercure

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0034855B1 (pt)
AT (1) ATE9007T1 (pt)
BR (1) BR8100834A (pt)
DE (1) DE3165477D1 (pt)
ES (1) ES499581A0 (pt)
FR (1) FR2476147A1 (pt)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1111392A (fr) * 1953-12-17 1956-02-27 Solvay Perfectionnements aux procédés et dispositifs pour la décomposition d'amalgames de métaux alcalins
BE800615A (en) * 1973-06-07 1973-10-01 Solvay Mercury cathode electrolytic cell - for prodn of chlorine from alkali metal chlorides
FR2215388A1 (en) * 1973-01-27 1974-08-23 Bayer Ag Alkali chloride electrolysis plant amalgam butter formation reduction - by constructing prime formation sites of inert non-metallic materials

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1437472A (en) * 1973-05-17 1976-05-26 Ici Ltd Operation of mercury-cathode cells

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1111392A (fr) * 1953-12-17 1956-02-27 Solvay Perfectionnements aux procédés et dispositifs pour la décomposition d'amalgames de métaux alcalins
FR2215388A1 (en) * 1973-01-27 1974-08-23 Bayer Ag Alkali chloride electrolysis plant amalgam butter formation reduction - by constructing prime formation sites of inert non-metallic materials
BE800615A (en) * 1973-06-07 1973-10-01 Solvay Mercury cathode electrolytic cell - for prodn of chlorine from alkali metal chlorides

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE9007T1 (de) 1984-09-15
ES8201228A1 (es) 1981-12-01
FR2476147B1 (pt) 1984-02-10
FR2476147A1 (fr) 1981-08-21
BR8100834A (pt) 1981-08-25
DE3165477D1 (en) 1984-09-20
EP0034855A1 (fr) 1981-09-02
ES499581A0 (es) 1981-12-01

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