Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
  • C11D3/0094—High foaming compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
  • C11D1/146—Sulfuric acid esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
  • C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
  • C11D1/523—Carboxylic alkylolamides, or dialkylolamides, or hydroxycarboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where R1, R2 or R3 contain one hydroxy group per alkyl group
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/74—Carboxylates or sulfonates esters of polyoxyalkylene glycols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/75—Amino oxides

Definitions

• the invention relates to aqueous high sudsing liquid detergent compositions containing specified amounts and types of surfactants especially useful in the washing of tableware, kitchenware and other hard surfaces.
• compositions of this invention provide more complete drainage of rinse water from surfaces such as glass, ceramics and metal, thereby reducing spotting and filming, particularly in a dishwashing procedure that involves drain drying without towel drying and polishing.
• the performance of a detergent composition for cleaning glasses, dishes, and other articles with a normally shiny surface is evaluated by the consumer in terms of shine and the absence of filming, streaking, and spotting.
• the liquid dishwashing detergent compositions presently on the market are designed to remove the soils from glasses, dishes, and other tableware and kitchen utensils.
• the detergent solution and redeposited soil residues are normally removed from the washed articles by rinsing and optionally by towel drying the articles when they are still wet. If not rinsed and towel dried, these residues can dry upon the surfaces of the washed articles, leaving films, streaks, or spots.
• Towel drying,of washed articles, e.g., glasses and dishes, immediately after removal from the washing and rinsing solution, is undesirable from the standpoints of convenience and hygiene. Therefore, it is common practice to put the washed or washed and rinsed articles aside for draining and air-drying. Consequently, the cleaning efficacy of the product used, which the housewife may have visually appreciated at the end of the washing or rinsing cycle, is diminished due to the adherence of redeposited soil, residual dried detergent, and water hardness residues.
• U.S. Patent 3,983,079, Spadini et al discloses dishwashing detergent compositions said to have good rinse water draining characteristics.
• the compositions contain a water-soluble quaternary ammonium compound, a nonionic surfactant containing both ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and a sultaine or betaine zwitterionic surfactant.
• Belgium Patent 845,184 discloses liquid and granular dishwashing detergent compositions containing one or more specified classes of surfactants to ensure rapid drainage and provide a shiny surface.
• compositions and methods which can be employed during dishwashing operations to improve the final dry appearance of washed and dried kitchen utensils and articles. If such compositions and methods are intended to be useful for conventional dishwashing soil removal operations, there is a continuing need for a compatible combination of materials which will simultaneously provide the surfactancy, sudsing, and mildness attributes of an acceptable dishwashing detergent composition as well as the anti-spotting and anti-filming benefits described above.
• an aqueous liquid detergent composition containing 10% to 50% by weight of an anionic surfactant, from 2% to 20% by weight of an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant and from 0% to 10% of an organic or inorganic builder salt comprising a drainage-promoting ethoxylated nonionic surfactant selected from:
• dishware, glassware, and other tableware and kitchenware are washed in water solutions of the detergent composition, generally at a weight concentration of 0.05% to 0.4% of the composition in water at a temperature of 26°C to 49 0 C.
• the tableware and kitchenware are then rinsed, drained, and allowed to dry in a rack or other means of separation.
• liquid detergent compositions of the present invention contain four essential components:
• Optional ingredients can be added to provide various performance and aesthetic characteristics.
• compositions of this invention contain from 10% to 50% by weight of an anionic surfactant or mixtures thereof.
• Preferred compositions contain from 20% to 35% of anionic surfactant by weight.
• anionic detergents can be broadly described as the water-soluble salts, particularly the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and amine salts, of organic sulfuric reaction products having in their molecular structure an alkyl radical containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and a radical selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid and sulfuric acid ester radicals. Included in the term alkyl is the alkyl portion of acyl radicals.
• anionic synthetic detergents which can form the surfactant component of the compositions of the present invention are the sodium, ammonium, potassium or magnesium alkyl sulfates, especially those obtained by sulfating the higher alcohols (C8-C18 carbon atoms) sodium or magnesium alkyl benzene or alkyl toluene sulfonates, in which the alkyl group contains from 9 to 15 carbon atoms, the alkyl radical being either a straight or branched aliphatic chain; sodium or magnesium paraffin sulfonates and olefin sulfonates in which the alkyl or alkenyl group contains from 10 to 20 carbon atoms; sodium C 10-20 alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, especially those ethers of alcohols derived from tallow and coconut oil; sodium coconut oil fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates and sulfonates; sodium, ammonium or magnesium salts of alkyl phenol
• alkyl sulfate salts which can be employed in the instant detergent compositions include sodium lauryl alkyl sulfate, sodium stearyl alkyl sulfate, sodium palmityl alkyl sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, sodium myristyl alkyl sulfate, potassium lauryl alkyl sulfate, potassium stearyl alkyl sulfate, potassium decyl sulfate, potassium palmityl alkyl sulfate, potassium myristyl alkyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, magnesium dodecyl sulfate, potassium tallow alkyl sulfate, sodium tallow'alkyl sulfate, sodium coconut alkyl sulfate, potassium coconut alkyl sulfate, magnesium C 12-15 alkyl sulfate and mixtures of these surfactants.
• Suitable alkylbenzene or alkyltoluene sulfonates include the alkali metal (lithium, sodium, potassium), alkaline earth (calcium, magnesium) ammonium and alkanolamine salts of straight or branched-chain alkylbenzene or alkyltoluene sulfonic acids.
• Alkylbenzene sulfonic acids useful as precursors for these surfactants include decyl benzene sulfonic acid, undecyl benzene sulfonic acid, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid, tridecyl benzene sulfonic acid, tetrapropylene benzene sulfonic acid and mixtures thereof.
• Preferred sulfonic acids as precursors of the alkyl-benzene sulfonates useful for compositions herein are those in which the alkyl chain is linear and averages 11 to 13 carbon atoms in length. Examples of commercially available alkyl benzene sulfonic acids useful in the present invention include Conoco SA 515 and SA 597 marketed by the Continental Oil Company and Calsoft LAS 99 marketed by the Pilot Chemical Company.
• alkyl ether sulfates having the formula RO (C 2H4 0) x S0 3 M wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of 10 to 20 carbon atoms, x is 1 to 30, and M is a water-soluble cation.
• the alkyl ether sulfates useful in the present invention are condensation products of ethylene oxide and monohydric alcohols havkng from 10 to 20 carbon atoms. Preferably, R has 10 to 16 carbon atoms.
• the alcohols can be derived .from natural fats, e.g., coconut oil or tallow, or can be synthetic. Such alcohols are reacted with 1 to 30, and especially 1 to 12, molar proportions of ethylene oxide. and the resulting mixture of molecular species is sulfated and neutralized.
• alkyl ether sulfates of the present invention are sodium coconut alkyl triethylene glycol ether sulfate, magnesium C12-15 alkyl triethylene glycol ether sulfate, and sodium tallow alkyl hexaoxy ethylene sulfate.
• Preferred alkyl ether sulfates are those comprising a mixture of individual compounds, said mixture having an average alkyl chain length of from 12 to 16 carbon atoms and an average degree of ethoxylation of from 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide.
• anionic surfactants useful herein are the compounds which contain two anionic functional groups. These are referred to as dianionic surfactants. Suitable dianionic surfactants are the disulfonates, disulfates, or mixtures thereof which may be represented by the following formula:
• the ethoxylated nonionic surfactants of the present invention are the condensation product of alcohols, alkyl phenols and other specified hydrophobic molecules with ethylene oxide.
• the materials hereinafter disclosed have not been used in aqueous liquid detergent compositions having the required formulation characteristics of the present invention. Their ability to improve rinse water drainage characteristics had not been recognized. Suds stabilizing nonionic surfactants hereinafter described have been in general use, but by themselves do not provide the improved drainage characteristics.
• compositions of the present invention contain from 2% to 20%, more preferably from 3% to 12%, and most preferably from 3% to 8%, of drainage promoting ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols of the formula wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl radical containing from 16 to 30 carbon atoms, wherein n is from 16 to 100.
• ethoxylated nonionic surfactants at a level of from 2% to 20% can provide the drainage promoting characteristics of ethoxylated alcohols, but are less desirable for-reasons of biodegradability and effect on sudsing or cleaning performance.
• ethoxylated nonionic surfactants are:
• an aliphatic alcohol contains from 16 to 22 carbon atoms and is ethoxylated to an average degree of from 18 to 50 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
• compositions of this invention contain from 1.5% to 10%, preferably from 2% to 8%, of suds stabilizing nonionic surfactant or mixture thereof having a different chemical structure and function than the essential drainage promoting nonionic surfactant.
• Suds stabilizing nonionic surfactants operable in the instant compositions are two basic types -- amides and the amine.oxide semi-polar nonionics.
• the amide type of nonionic surface active agent include the ammonia, monoethanol and diethanol amides of fatty acids having an acyl moiety of from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and represented by the general formula wherein R 1 is a saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 7 to 21, preferably from 11 to 17 carbon atoms; R 2 represents a methylene or ethylene group; and m is 1, 2, or 3, preferably 1 or 2.
• Specific examples of said amides are mono-ethanol coconut fatty acid amide and diethanol dodecyl fatty acid amide.
• acyl moieties may be derived from naturally occurring glycerides, e.g., coconut oil, palm oil, soybean oil and tallow, but can be derived synthetically, e.g., by the oxidation of petroleum, or hydrogenation of carbon monoxide by the Fischer-Tropsch process.
• the monoethanol amides and diethanolamides of C 12-14 fatty acids are preferred.
• the ratio of anionic surfactants to total nonionic surfactants in the composition will be in a molar ratio of from 11:1 to 1:1, and more preferably from 8:1 to 3:1.
• the suds stabilizing nonionic surfactants are generally preferred, but the essential relatively highly ethoxylated drainage promoting nonionic surfactants of the invention can contribute to sudsing performance and are included in the calculation of ratios of anionic to nonionic surfactant.
• Ampholytic surfactants can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic amines which contain a long chain of 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an anionic water-solubilizing group, e.g. carboxy, sulfo or sulfate..Examples of compounds falling within this definition are sodium-3-dodecyl- amino propane sulfonate, and dodecyl dimethylammonium hexanoate.
• Zwitterionic surface active agents operable in the instant composition are broadly described as internally- neutralized derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium and phosphonium and tertiary sulfonium compounds in which the aliphatic radical can be straight chain or branched, and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfo, sulfato, phos- phato, or phosphono.
• Cationic surfactants such as quaternary ammonium compounds can find optional use in the practice of the invention to the extent they are compatible with the other surfactants in the particular composition.
• compositions of this invention contain from 20% to 88%, preferably from 40% to 70%, water.
• compositions of this invention can contain up to 10%, by weight of detergency builders either of the organic or inorganic type.
• detergency builders either of the organic or inorganic type.
• water-soluble inorganic builders which can be used, alone or in admixture with themselves and organic alkaline sequestrant builder salts, are alkali metal carbonates, phosphates, polyphosphates and silicates.
• specific examples of such salts are sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium pyrophosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate, and sodium hexametaphosphate.
• organic builder salts which can be used alone, or in admixture with each other or with the preceding inorganic alkaline builder salts, are alkali metal polycarboxylates, e.g., water-soluble citrates such as sodium and potassium citrate, sodium and potassium tartrate, sodium and potassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, sodium and potassium N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylene diamine triacetates, sodium and potassium nitrilo triacetates (NTA) and sodium and potassium N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-nitrilo diacetates.
• Other organic detergency builders such as water-soluble phosphonates can find use in the compositions of the invention. In general, however, detergency builders have limited value in dishwashing detergent compositions and use at levels above 10% can restrict formulation flexibility in liquid compositions because of solubility and phase stability considerations.
• Alcohols such as ethyl alcohol, and hydrotropes, such as sodium and potassium toluene sulfonate, sodium and potassium xylene sulfonate, trisodium sulfosuccinate and related compounds (as disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,915,903), and urea, can be utilized in the interest of achieving a desired product phase stability and viscosity.
• Ethyl alcohol at a level of from 3% to 15% and potassium or sodium toluene, xylene or cumene sulfonate at a level of from 1% to 6% are particularly useful in the compositions of the invention.
• the detergent compositions of this invention can contain, if desired, any of the usual adjuvants, diluents and additives, for example, perfumes, enzymes, dyes, anti- tarnishing agents, antimicrobial-agents, and the like, without detracting from the advantageous properties of the compositions.
• adjuvants for example, perfumes, enzymes, dyes, anti- tarnishing agents, antimicrobial-agents, and the like
• Alkalinity sources and pH buffering agents such as monoethanolamine, triethanolamine and alkali metal hydroxides can also be utilized.
• Compositions A and B had sudsing characteristics equivalent to C and provided a superior appearance and freedom from spotting and filming after washing and rinsing.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

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Cited By (10)

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• 1981
  • 1981-02-04 EP EP81300459A patent/EP0034039B1/de not_active Expired
  • 1981-02-04 DE DE8181300459T patent/DE3166233D1/de not_active Expired

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