EP0032583B1 - Process for continuously annealing of a cold rolled steel strip - Google Patents
Process for continuously annealing of a cold rolled steel strip Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0032583B1 EP0032583B1 EP80108148A EP80108148A EP0032583B1 EP 0032583 B1 EP0032583 B1 EP 0032583B1 EP 80108148 A EP80108148 A EP 80108148A EP 80108148 A EP80108148 A EP 80108148A EP 0032583 B1 EP0032583 B1 EP 0032583B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- steel strip
- temperature
- cooling
- overaging
- process according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 53
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 87
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 27
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 6
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003679 aging effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000655 Killed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000221535 Pucciniales Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010731 rolling oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for continuously annealing a cold rolled steel strip. More particularly, the present invention relates to a process for continuously annealing a cold rolled steel strip, which process is capable of completing the annealing operation within a short time and; also, capable of obtaining a cold rolled steel strip having an excellent workability, especially formability, and an excellent surface quality, at a low cost.
- the continuous annealing method can exhibit an extremely high efficiency in comparison with the conventional batch type annealing method. However, it is strongly desired to increase the efficiency of the continuous annealing method to such an extent that the continuous annealing operation is completed within a few minutes.
- the heating and cooling operations result in the formation of a considerably large thickness of the oxide layer, and this large thickness causes the time necessary for completing the elimination of the oxide layer to be undesirably long.
- the sheet surface is coarsened due to the pickling for removing the oxide layer.
- the elimination of the oxide layer from the steel strip is carried out during the reheating overaging operation at a relatively low temperature. Therefore, in order to effectively attain the elimination of the oxide layer, the reducing operation should be carried out by using a strictly controlled reducing atmosphere having a special concentration of hydrogen and dew point. Also, in the processes (1) and (2), in order to overage the steel strip after the rapid cooling, it is necessary to reheat the steel strip to an overaging temperature thereof.
- the combustion air ratio is adopted as a parameter of the combustion condition in the direct fired furnace.
- the oxidation tendency of the sheet surface is dependent upon the combustion air ratio.
- DE-B 2 133 411 discloses a continuous cooling treatment for an annealed steel strip by application of quenching water which is jetted with high pressure in sheet form onto the strip, the cooling rate of latter being in the range of from 500°C/s to 2000°C/s. This quenching with water is very rapid, and it is difficult to obtain controlled moderate cooling rates. According to DE-B 2 133 411 1 the quenching is carried out until a temperature of about 100°C is reached. For the following shelfing treatment the strip has to be reheated until the desired temperature in the range of from 400°C to 500°C is reached.
- DE-B 2 165 049 discloses a method of quench hardening a metal plate, comprising spraying a water fog onto a hot metal plate, said fog being generated by means of special fog nozzles in which water and pressurized air are mixed. Separate jet nozzles for gas and liquid respectively are used.
- the present invention involves a concept of combining the following:
- the process without the overaging step of the present invention can be applied to cold-rolled non- aging low carbon steel strips, for example, cold-rolled, extremely low carbon aluminium killed steel strips, and cold-rolled non- or retarded-aging extremely low carbon steel strips containing a small amount of Ti, Nb, V or B, which are capable of forming carbonitrides.
- the process of the present invention can be applied to various cold-rolled low carbon steel strips which include the usual type of cold-rolled low carbon steel strips having a drawing quality and a deep drawing quality, for example, bodies of automobiles, high tensile strength cold-rolled low carbon steel strips and other types of cold-rolled low carbon steel strips suitable for various surface-treating processes, for example, metal plating and coating processes. Since, there is no necessity of overaging in the non- or retarded-aging steels, the steel strips are directly pickled after cooling, so as to remove the oxide layer.
- the primary cooling operation is followed by an overaging operation.
- the overaging operation is usually applied to them.
- the cooling operation must be terminated when the temperature of the steel strip reaches a level near an overaging temperature of the steel strip, the cooled steel strip may be overaged and, then, the overaged steel strip may be additionally cooled to a desired temperature.
- the peripheral surface of the cold-rolled steel strip may be cleaned to remove grease or rolling oil therefrom by a conventional surface-cleaning method. Otherwise, the process of the present invention may be applied to the cold rolled steel strip without surface-cleaning- it.
- radiation heating means such as a radiant-tube heating and other appropriate heating means, are employed for heating the steel strip to a temperature within the range of from the recrystallization temperature to the Ac 3 point of the steel strip and also for holding the steel strip within the temperature range of from the recyrstallization temperature to the A C3 point over a period of at least 10 seconds, preferably from 10 to 60 seconds in a non-oxidizing or reducing atmosphere.
- the present invention is characterized as compared with the prior arts in the combination use of the radiation heating furnace for heating steel strip to and holding it within the requisite annealing temperature range, cooling the steel strip by spraying a specifically generated cooling medium consisting of a mixture of an inert gas and a liquid, a pickling removal of the oxide layer formed by the cooling and overaging without reheating, if overaging is necessary.
- the holding temperature depends on the composition and the other properties of the steel strip, as well as the objective properties of the final product.
- the holding temperature is not always constant but may be varied in the direction of the holding zone so as to adapt the heat cycle for recrystallization and growth of crystal grains.
- the heating rate is lower than that of the direct fired heating, but the surface deterioration due to the direct contact of flame with the sheet surface is prevented.
- the pickling time in the final step is shortened as compared with that of steel strips heated in the direct fired furnace, and also a surface quality problem involved in the pickling is mitigated.
- the non-oxidizing or reducing atmosphere inert to the steel is employed for the furnace atmosphere and is maintained during the heating and holding zones, the oxidation of the sheet surface in these zones is prevented.
- the pickling at the final step is carried out at an extent sufficient to remove only a thin oxide layer formed at this cooling step or the primary cooling step.
- the fact that no oxide layer is formed during the heating step advantageously leads to the prevention of the oxide pick up on the hearth rollers.
- the reducing atmosphere preferably comprises a mixture of 4% by volume or more of hydrogen gas, with the balance consisting of nitrogen gas, and preferably exhibits a dew point of 10°C or less.
- the steel strip which is subjected to the holding in a radiation heating furnace, is then rapidly cooled at a cooling rate from 10 to 300°C/second which is preferable from the view points of the metallurgical properties of the annealed steel strip.
- the steel strip may be directly rapid-cooled from the holding temperature, or may be slow-cooled from the holding temperature to a temperature of preferably 600°C at the lowest and then rapid-cooled, if necessary.
- the rapid cooling must start at a temperature between the above holding temperature and 600°C from the view points of shortening the overaging time period.
- gas-liquid cooling medium means a fluid which is produced through such a process that a high speed inert gas stream and a liquid stream of a predetermined pressure are injected from their respective nozzles as jet streams and these streams are then mixed with each other by intersecting with each other so that the liquid (e.g., water) reduces itself to fine particles mixed in the gas in the form of a mist, or in a form almost equivalent to spray.
- the liquid is preferably water and the gas is selected from inert gases, such as nitrogen gas, and mixtures of nitrogen and hydrogen.
- the gas-liquid cooled medium consists of a mixture of nitrogen gas with water.
- the overaging operation is carried out for the purpose of precipitating carbon in the steel matrix which has been super-saturated with a solid solution carbon.
- the overaging operation is preferably carried out in a temperature range of from 300 to 550°C, more preferably, from 350 to 450°C, for 3 minutes or less, more preferably 2 minutes or less. It is not always necessary that the steel strip be maintained at a constant temperature throughout the overaging operation. That is, the overaging temperature in an initial stage of the overaging operation may be higher than that in a final stage of the overaging operation.
- the temperature profile from the entry to withdrawal ends of the overaging equipment may be gradual or may decrease stepwise,
- the peripheral surface portion of the steel strip cannot be prevented from oxidation. That is, the resultant layer of oxides causes the appearance of the steel strip surface to be unsatisfactory, and the surface property of the steel strip to be unsuitable to the surface treatments. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate the layer of oxides from the peripheral surface of the steel strip.
- the elimination of the oxide layer is effected by any conventional pickling methods effective for eliminating various oxides.
- the oxide layer can be removed by treating the peripheral surface of the steel strip with, for example, an acid aqueous solution of an inorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid, or an organic acid, such as formic acid or oxalic acid.
- the treatment may be effected by immersing the steel strip in an acid aqueous solution, by spraying the acid aqueous solution onto a peripheral surface of the steel strip, or by subjecting the steel strip to an electrolytic pickling with an acid aqueous solution.
- the oxide layer formed in the cooling and , optionally, overaging operations is very thin. Therefore, the oxide layer can be readily eliminated by the above-mentioned methods.
- the pickled steel strip is rinsed with water.
- the rinsed steel strip be neutralized with a diluted alkali aqueous solution. This neutralization is effective for preventing rust and discoloration of the peripheral surface of the steel strip.
- the cold rolled steel strip for example, to be used for producing an automobile body, is coated before the working process.
- the surface of steel strip is treated with zinc phosphate.
- the quality of the zinc phosphate film formed on the surface of the steel strip can be improved by applying the following treatment to the steel strip after the pickling operation.
- an aqueous suspension containing water-insoluble phosphate for example, Zn,(P0 4 ) 21 is sprayed onto the surface of the pickled steel strip, or a thin film of Ni, Zn or Mn is flash-coated on the pickled steel strip surface by means of electroplating. Thereafter, as a precoating operation the surface of steel strip is treated with the zinc phosphate.
- the above-mentioned surface pre-treatment is effective for promoting the formation of crystal nuclei of the zinc phosphate and for providing a dense film of the zinc phosphate. Therefore, the above-mentioned surface pre-treatment is very effective for enhancing the bonding strength of the zinc phosphate layer to the coating layer and for increasing the resistance of the coating layer to corrosion.
- the process of the present invention can exhibit the following advantages.
- 0.8 mm thick cold rolled steel strips were processed under the conditions given in Table 1.
- the oxide film thickness in the comparative examples 1 and 2 was determined by preliminary experiments, in which the steel strips were heated under the same condition as in these examples by a direct fired furnace followed by a rapid cooling means of blowing nitrogen gas on the strips in the next zone. Samples were cut from the strips and pickled in a 5% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution. The weight decrease of samples due to pickling was reduced to the thickness of the oxide layer of FeO.
- the 0.8 mm thick cold rolled steel strips were processed under the conditions given in Table 2.
- the oxide layer thickness was determined by the same procedure as described above.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP166827/79 | 1979-12-24 | ||
| JP16682779A JPS5933172B2 (ja) | 1979-12-24 | 1979-12-24 | 冷延鋼板の連続焼鈍処理方法 |
| JP166826/79 | 1979-12-24 | ||
| JP16682679A JPS5933171B2 (ja) | 1979-12-24 | 1979-12-24 | 冷延鋼板の連続焼鈍方法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0032583A1 EP0032583A1 (en) | 1981-07-29 |
| EP0032583B1 true EP0032583B1 (en) | 1984-08-01 |
Family
ID=26491070
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP80108148A Expired EP0032583B1 (en) | 1979-12-24 | 1980-12-22 | Process for continuously annealing of a cold rolled steel strip |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0032583B1 (pt) |
| BR (1) | BR8008511A (pt) |
| CA (1) | CA1152870A (pt) |
| DE (1) | DE3068827D1 (pt) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5767134A (en) * | 1980-10-09 | 1982-04-23 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method and installation for continuous annealing method of cold-rolled steel strip |
| FR2562563B1 (fr) * | 1984-04-05 | 1988-09-23 | Stein Heurtey | Procede de degraissage d'une bande metallique laminee a froid |
| EP0157708B1 (fr) * | 1984-04-05 | 1990-10-10 | Stein Heurtey | Procédé de dégraissage d'une bande métallique laminée à froid |
| CN112111638B (zh) * | 2020-09-27 | 2022-05-24 | 攀钢集团研究院有限公司 | 低碳冷轧钢板的分级生产方法 |
| CN112593051B (zh) * | 2020-12-07 | 2022-01-25 | 山东钢铁集团日照有限公司 | 一种预防氧化铁皮生成的退火炉快速点炉升温的方法 |
| CN115058582B (zh) * | 2022-07-14 | 2024-06-11 | 上海曙佳科技发展有限公司 | 一种连退炉炉内可视化及工件温度管理方法 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2165049B2 (de) * | 1970-12-28 | 1973-11-15 | Nippon Kokan K.K., Tokio | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abschrecken |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4923727B1 (pt) * | 1969-12-16 | 1974-06-18 | ||
| JPS535607B2 (pt) * | 1973-01-11 | 1978-03-01 |
-
1980
- 1980-12-18 CA CA000367063A patent/CA1152870A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-12-22 DE DE8080108148T patent/DE3068827D1/de not_active Expired
- 1980-12-22 EP EP80108148A patent/EP0032583B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-12-23 BR BR8008511A patent/BR8008511A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2165049B2 (de) * | 1970-12-28 | 1973-11-15 | Nippon Kokan K.K., Tokio | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abschrecken |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| Patents Abstracts of Japan Vol. 4, No. 22, 23 February 1980, page 128C74 * |
| Patents Abstracts of Japan, Vol. 1, No. 64, 22 June 1977, page 995C77 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3068827D1 (en) | 1984-09-06 |
| BR8008511A (pt) | 1981-07-21 |
| CA1152870A (en) | 1983-08-30 |
| EP0032583A1 (en) | 1981-07-29 |
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