Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
  • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
  • F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
  • F23K5/08—Preparation of fuel
  • F23K5/10—Mixing with other fluids
  • F23K5/12—Preparing emulsions
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
  • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
  • B01F23/41—Emulsifying
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
  • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
  • B01F23/41—Emulsifying
  • B01F23/414—Emulsifying characterised by the internal structure of the emulsion
  • B01F23/4145—Emulsions of oils, e.g. fuel, and water
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
  • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
  • B01F23/49—Mixing systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
  • B01F25/20—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams
  • B01F25/21—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams with submerged injectors, e.g. nozzles, for injecting high-pressure jets into a large volume or into mixing chambers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
  • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
  • B01F25/305—Injector mixers the additional component being axially fed and radially discharged through a circumferential outlet
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
  • B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
  • B01F33/834—Mixing in several steps, e.g. successive steps
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
  • C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for the production of an emulsion of water in oil whereby water is sprayed into the oil through one or several nozzles.
• a method of the said type is known where at a first stage water and oil are atomized against each other by means of nozzles turning in opposite directions, and after that at a second stage a mechanical processing of the thus resulting emulsion is made by leading it through a cavity pump.
• the purpose of the present invention is to show a simplified method which gives an optimal effect with reference to the above-mentioned.
• the differential pressure above the nozzle or nozzles may be at least 3 bars, and this is very expedient, because the nozzles are generally designed to work by pressures which are not less than 5 bars.
• One embodiment of the method is special in that there is third stage, where the dispersing of the water into the oil is further improved and maintained by means of a pump with dispersing effect, for example a centrifugal pump.
• a buffer effect can be obtained, i.e. a reservoir can be built up for the produced emulsion and the quality of the emulsion can be maintained in this reservoir.
• the invention also relates to an apparatus for using the method, and this apparatus is special in that it has a first and a second closed nozzle house with nozzles that open into the houses, and in that it is thus designed that there are means to carry the oil through the first nozzle house, means to press the water through the nozzle or nozzles in this house, and means to carry the mixture of oil and water flowing out from the first nozzle house under pressure to the pressure side of the nozzle or nozzles in the second nozzle house.
• the apparatus may furthermore be characteristic in that the outlet from the second nozzle house opens into the top of the house.
• the outlet from the second nozzle house opens into the top of the house.
• a preferred embodiment of the apparatus is characteristic in that the first nozzle house is cylindrically designed with a centrally placed pipe in which a number of nozzles are mounted mainly with a radial direction of outflow, as the pipe serves as an inlet for water, and in that the inlet for oil in the room between the outlet of the nozzles and the wall of the cylindrical nozzle house has a tangential component.
• This embodiment is extremely simple in construction.
• fig. 1 illustrates the method according to the invention with reference to a principal construction of an apparatus according to the invention, which functions together with an oil burner,
• fig. 2 shows 3 curves with reference to a table that illustrates the connection between the carbon reduction and the added water, calculated in per cent, and showing 3 different water admixtures, compare the table below,
• fig. 3 shows an embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention in schematic form
• fig. 4 shows a sectional view of the first nozzle house, line II-II, on an enlarged scale.
• a pipe 1 is shown, through which the fuel oil is carried to a first emulsification chamber 2.
• water enters through a pipe 3 and through an atomizing nozzle 4.
• a larger number of nozzles is used.
• the first emulsification of water into the oil takes nlace, and the emuls ion thus resulting will be sufficiently good to give a large reduction of oil coke emission, since relatively large amounts of water are used. If a heavy reduction with a small amount of water is wanted, then it will be necessary to continue with stage 2.
• stage 2 the emulsion is carried through a tube 5 from the first emulsification chamber into a pump 6 and from there to another emulsification chamber through a pipe 7 and an atomizing nozzle 8.
• a larger number of nozzles is used.
• atomizing chamber there will be a better distribution of water in the oil, and the size of the water drops will become optimal.
• the emulsion is so effective that a heavy reduction in the amount of oil coke is obtained with an amount of water as low as 4-6%.
• the emulsion will now be suitable and can be used direct through a pipe 9, but if further improvement is wanted, and if it is wanted to maintain the emulsion it is possible to continue through stage 3, as shown in fig.
• a pipe 10 then carries the emulsion from the second stage to a reservoir from where a centrifugal pump takes the emulsion and sends it round to the oil burners In a ring system and back again to the reservoir.
• a centrifugal pump takes the emulsion and sends it round to the oil burners In a ring system and back again to the reservoir.
• the emulsion will all the time be maintained, and It is very rational that this takes place with the same pump as the one circulating oil to the oil burners.
• Oil burner Saacke rotation oil burner.
• Oil Fuel oil with a viscosity of 1500 Redwood secs. at 100°F
• the water per cent in the emulsion was fixed at 3 % , 5 % and 10% by changing the nozzle capacity at stage 1 (see fig. 1). The water per cent was determined for each experiment.
• the carbon content In the flue gas was determined by means of the quartz wool filter method. According to this a certain amount of flue gas is sucked through a quartz wool filter. The filter is weighed before and after the sucking through of flue gas, and if the weight increase is then compared with the sucked through volume of flue gas, the particle emission concentration in mg/m is obtained.
• stage 1 In order to study the effect of the individual stages an experiment was made with an emulsion, taken out must after stage 1 (see fig. 1), and emulsion taken out just after stage 2, and an emulsion taken out from stage 3 which is a ring system.
• stage 3 should after all be used because of the supply to the oil burners from a rign system and in order to maintain the emulsion, it is definitely an improvement to use a third stage, as appears from the diagram.
• Fig. 3 and 4 show an inlet pipe 14 for oil to a first nozzle house 15 of a cylindrical shape.
• the inlet is tangentially directed as appears from fig. 4.
• a filter 16 and a magnet valve 17 are inserted in the inlet pipe 14 in the inlet pipe 14 .
• a central tube 18 is placed in which a number of nozzles 19 are inserted, which are connected with an inlet pipe 20 for water.
• a nonreturn valve 21 In this pipe 20 a nonreturn valve 21, a solenois valve 22, a volume indicator 23, a pump 24 and a filter 25 are inserted.
• the pump 14 is driven by a motor 26.
• the nozzle house 15 is designed with an outlet pipe 27 which via a pumpe 28, driven by a motor 29,leads to another nozzle house 30 via a pressure control valve 31.
• the nozzle house 30 is fitted with a centrally placed pipe 32 with nozzles 33 in the same way as the first nozzle house 15, and the pipe 27 is connected to the inside of pipe 32.
• the nozzle house 30 has an outlet pipe 34. In the nozzle houses 15 and 30 there are moreover fitted manometers 25 and 26.
• the oil When water and oil are pressed into the first nozzle house as indicated, the oil will stream out of the nozzle or nozzles in atomized form and will at the same time be well distributed in the water stream brought in rotation around the central pipe. When the thus produced emulsion is then atomized in the other nozzle house, the emulsion will have a very fine quality.
• a preferred embodiment of the invention operates with a differential pressure of 7 bars above both sets of nozzles in the first and second nozzle house respectively, In this way it is possible to operate with an 0-12% water content in the finished emulsion, preferably 5% water. Hereby a reduction in the content of solid matter in the flue gas of 2 - 3 mg per kg fired oil is obtained.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Spray-Type Burners (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Publications (1)

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• 1980
  • 1980-06-13 JP JP55501412A patent/JPS607935B2/ja not_active Expired
  • 1980-06-13 WO PCT/DK1980/000035 patent/WO1980002807A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1980-12-30 EP EP80901212A patent/EP0030239A1/en not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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