EP0027442B1 - Injection pump for internal-combustion engines with fuel injection, particularly for diesel engines, and control device for it - Google Patents

Injection pump for internal-combustion engines with fuel injection, particularly for diesel engines, and control device for it Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0027442B1
EP0027442B1 EP19800890120 EP80890120A EP0027442B1 EP 0027442 B1 EP0027442 B1 EP 0027442B1 EP 19800890120 EP19800890120 EP 19800890120 EP 80890120 A EP80890120 A EP 80890120A EP 0027442 B1 EP0027442 B1 EP 0027442B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stop
piston
fuel
pump
injection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19800890120
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0027442A1 (en
Inventor
Anton Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Pischinger
Theodor Dipl.-Ing. Stipek
Robert Sachsenhofer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Friedmann and Maier AG
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Friedmann and Maier AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AT671779A external-priority patent/AT379661B/en
Application filed by Friedmann and Maier AG filed Critical Friedmann and Maier AG
Publication of EP0027442A1 publication Critical patent/EP0027442A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0027442B1 publication Critical patent/EP0027442B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/20Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
    • F02M59/22Varying quantity or timing by adjusting cylinder-head space
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D1/00Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high pressure injection type
    • F02D1/02Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high pressure injection type not restricted to adjustment of injection timing, e.g. varying amount of fuel delivered
    • F02D1/08Transmission of control impulse to pump control, e.g. with power drive or power assistance
    • F02D1/10Transmission of control impulse to pump control, e.g. with power drive or power assistance mechanical
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/02Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/02Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps
    • F02M57/022Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps characterised by the pump drive
    • F02M57/023Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps characterised by the pump drive mechanical
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/20Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
    • F02M59/24Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing with constant-length-stroke pistons having variable effective portion of stroke
    • F02M59/26Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing with constant-length-stroke pistons having variable effective portion of stroke caused by movements of pistons relative to their cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an injection pump for injection internal combustion engines, in particular diesel engines, in particular of the type in which the injection pump and injection nozzle are combined to form a unit assigned to an engine cylinder, with a pump piston which can be rotated about its axis during operation and which initially moves during its delivery stroke with one edge closes a hole through which the fuel is sucked from the suction chamber into the working area of the pump piston, and after a further stroke, opens the connection to the suction chamber through which the non-injected fuel flows out of the working area of the pump piston with a second edge , wherein one of the edges lies obliquely to the cylinder-generating ends of the piston and in a with the working space of the pump piston, to which the line leading to the nozzle is connected, a secondary piston bore, which is in constant communication, an auxiliary piston is slidably guided is pressed by a spring in the direction of the working area of the pump piston and against the force of the spring, which is greater than the force generated by the admission pressure with the alternative piston and less than
  • the start of injection is adjusted in a known manner in such a way that either the driving camshaft is adjusted relative to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine during operation is, or that when driven by a rocker arm, this rocker arm is mounted on an eccentric and this is rotated during operation.
  • Such devices require a high level of power and thus also strong controller forces and a large working capacity of the controller.
  • the invention now aims to provide an injection pump of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which the adjustment of the start of injection can be carried out in a particularly simple manner and with little effort.
  • the invention consists essentially in the fact that the suction bore, through which the fuel is sucked from the suction chamber of the injection pump into the working chamber of the piston, is arranged such that it at the latest at a stroke of the pump piston, which corresponds to the largest possible pre-injection , it is concluded that the stop is controlled by at least one operating variable of the internal combustion engine, that the stop is displaceable transversely to the axis of the evasive piston and has a stop surface which is formed in the direction of displacement according to a control curve, and that the stop is opposite to that in the working space of the injection pump piston occurring fuel pressure is supported against a bearing surface equipped with friction-increasing agents.
  • the evasive piston As a result of the evasive piston, after the suction bore of the pump work space has been closed, the amount of fuel displaced by the pump piston is first conveyed not into the injection line but into the cylinder bore, which is released by the evasive piston. Only when the evasive piston touches its stop does the pump start to the injection nozzle. In this way, the respective stroke volume of the evasive piston determines the size of the path of the pump piston, which the piston has to cover after the suction bore has been closed until the start of injection. If the stop of the evasive piston is set so that it cannot cover any evasive path at all, the injection begins as soon as the suction bore is completed.
  • the evasive piston should only respond when the injection pump piston executes its pressure stroke. It is therefore dimensioned the spring loading the evasive piston so that its force, reduced to the piston area of the evasive piston, is greater than the admission pressure of the pump and less than the injection pressure, reduced to the piston area of the evasive piston.
  • the control takes place as a function of at least one operating variable of the internal combustion engine.
  • the stop can be controlled by a mechanical, hydraulic or electrical force which is dependent on the speed and / or on other operating variables.
  • the backing pump pressure at which the fuel is fed to the working space of the pump piston is dependent on the speed of the internal combustion engine, and the stop can therefore also be controlled by this backing pump pressure.
  • the stop is displaceable transversely to the axis of the evasive piston and has a stop surface which is designed according to a control curve in the direction of displacement.
  • the control curve at the stop must be made relatively steep. If the stop curve is so steep that it does not have a self-locking effect, the force of the evasive piston can act in the sense of adjusting the stop curve. To prevent this, the stop against the fuel pressure occurring in the working space of the injection pump piston is supported against a contact surface equipped with friction-increasing means.
  • this contact surface can have, for example, a wedge-shaped cross section, the wedge friction counteracting the displacement under the action of the evasive piston.
  • a stop can be lifted off the contact surface, for example by a spring, in that phase in which it is not loaded by the injection pressure occurring in the working space of the injection pump piston.
  • the force used to control the stop can act on the stop with the interposition of springs.
  • the stop above the escape piston is loaded by the pressure occurring in the working area of the pump piston.
  • the stop is not loaded before and after the pressure stroke of the pump piston. Because the force used to control the stop acts with the interposition of springs on the stop, the adjusting force is stored during the loaded period of the stop and can perform the adjustment of the stop during the unloaded period of the stop, so that the required adjusting force is reduced .
  • the arrangement can be such that the stop surface of the stop guided against rotation has a straight line transversely to the direction of displacement of the stop, that the escape piston is secured against rotation and that the end face of the escape piston cooperating with the stop surface is straight line generator has, which are parallel to the transverse to the displacement direction of the stop generators of the same.
  • at least one line contact is reached between the end face of the evasive piston and the stop surface, so that the stop surface is protected and inaccuracies are largely reduced by wear.
  • the end face of the evasive piston cooperating with the stop face can be a cylindrical face.
  • the stop surface can be shaped in the direction of displacement according to any curve which determines the desired law of the course of the start of injection depending on the engine speed and / or engine load.
  • the stop surface of the displaceable stop can also be formed by a plane which encloses an acute angle with the direction of displacement of the stop, the end face of the escape piston interacting with the stop surface being formed by a plane lying parallel to the stop surface. In this way, a surface contact between the end face of the evasive piston and the stop surface is made possible.
  • the flat stop surface now only allows compliance with a linear law.
  • the displaceable stop can be controlled by a cam, which determines or co-determines the desired law of the course of the start of injection with the speed and / or load of the engine.
  • the stop surface can also be shaped in the direction of displacement of the stop according to a curve, in which case the desired law is jointly determined by this curve and by the shape of the cam.
  • the escape piston can be prevented from rotating in various ways.
  • the alternate piston can have flats, by means of which it is guided against rotation on a lamella on which the spring loading the alternate piston is supported.
  • the construction is simple.
  • the arrangement can also be made in accordance with the invention in such a way that the evasive piston has at least one slot, preferably two opposing slots, which runs perpendicular to the axis of the evasive piston and in which engages at least one leaf spring which lies approximately in a perpendicular to the axis of the evasive piston Level lies and which simultaneously causes the anti-rotation and the resetting of the piston.
  • This has the advantage that a single element is required for the return spring and anti-rotation device and that the anti-rotation device is frictionless.
  • the stop surface can be inclined so that the component of the pressing force of the evasive piston directed in the direction of displacement is directed towards the end of the stop on which the drive engages.
  • This has the advantage that the force exerted by the evasive piston on the stop favors an abutment of the stop on the drive formed, for example, by a cam.
  • the angle of inclination between the stop surface and the direction of displacement of the stop can exceed the self-locking angle, so that an additional suspension, by means of which the stop is held in contact with the cam, can be omitted.
  • the arrangement can also be such that the control cam is a straight line and the stop surface is a flat surface and that the axis of the evasive piston is perpendicular to the stop surface, the end face of the evasive piston interacting with the stop surface being flat and is perpendicular to the axis of the evasive piston.
  • the correct contact of the end face of the evasive piston with the stop face of the stop is ensured in all rotational positions of the evasive piston, and it is unnecessary to prevent the evasive piston from rotating.
  • the design effort for such an anti-rotation device is therefore eliminated and the elimination of an anti-rotation device ensures that the evasive piston moves freely.
  • a surface contact of the end face of the evasive piston with the stop surface is achieved, which has the advantage over point contact or line contact that wear on the end face of the evasive piston and the resulting inaccuracies are practically avoided.
  • the delivery quantity of the injection pump can be changed in an undesired manner, even if only slightly, by the evasive piston.
  • the delivery rate control member of the injection pump which is preferably formed by a control rod, can be coupled to the stop in such a way that it is adjusted in the sense of an increase in the injection quantity when the stroke of the escape piston is increased, the intake volume being absorbed by the working space of the escape piston Fuel volume is at least partially compensated for by the setting of the delivery rate control element to larger delivery rates, so that the actual injected fuel volume remains approximately the same with the different settings of the injection time.
  • the stop in a control linkage arrangement in which the quantity selection member acts on a pivoting lever which can be pivoted about a pivot axis and which engages on the control rod, the stop is preferably displaceably mounted parallel to the control rod and the pivot axis is connected to the stop.
  • the pivot axis of the pivot lever is not fixed, but is shifted with the stop, the control rod travel changes depending on the adjustment of the stop and it is made possible that the branched fuel volume in the working space of the evasive piston by adjusting the control rod in In the sense of additional funding.
  • the arrangement can be made according to the invention so that one end of the pivot lever is mounted on the pivot axis, the other end of the same acts on the quantity selection member and the pivot lever engages the control rod in its central region and that when the stop is displaced in the sense of an enlargement the stroke of the evasive piston, the control rod is moved in the sense of an increase in the delivery rate.
  • the arrangement can also be made according to the invention so that one end of the pivot lever is mounted on the pivot axis, the other end thereof engages the control rod and the quantity selector acts on the central region of the pivot lever and that in the sense of a displacement of the stop an increase in the stroke of the evasive piston, the control rod is moved in the sense of an increase in the flow rate.
  • the stop can be displaceable by a cam which can be rotated as a function of at least one operating variable. As a result, the displacement of the stop can be controlled in a simple manner.
  • 1 represents the pump piston, 2 the pump piston sleeve and 3 a stilt or a plunger which drives the pump piston with the interposition of a plate 4 against the force of a return spring 5.
  • the delivery rate of the pump is regulated by rotating the pump piston by means of a control rod 6 which engages a crank 7 which is firmly connected to the piston.
  • 9 is a bore through which the fuel passes from the suction chamber 29 of the injection pump into the working chamber 10 of the pump piston 1.
  • the working space 10 of the injection pump piston is continuously connected to an annular space 12 via a slot or a bore 11.
  • This space 12 opens a bore 13 in which an evasive piston 14 is guided, which is supported against a spring 15.
  • the escape piston 14 is limited in its stroke to the outside by a cylindrical pin 16 which bears against a stop piece 17.
  • the stop piece 17 is designed as a cylindrical body, in which a part is formed by a conical or by another curved generatrix, which forms the control curve. By moving the stop piece 17 along its longitudinal axis, the path of the escape piston 14 can be changed before the start of injection. After completion of the injection, the pump chamber is reconnected to the suction chamber 29. The spring 15 then presses the evasive piston 14 back into its starting position.
  • the movement of the stop piece 17 can, as not shown further, be carried out by a mechanical controller, but also hydraulically, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • a speed-dependent delivery rate of a control oil is introduced on one side of the stop piece 17 in the space 21.
  • FIG. 3 shows elastic engagement points on the stop piece 22.
  • a piston 23 is arranged on each side of the stop piece 22 and is pressed by a spring 24 against a stroke limitation 25, which in this case is designed as a snap ring.
  • the regulator of the regulator engages in both ends 26 of the stop piece 22, the elastic mounting 23, 24. This has the purpose that the initiated regulation process does not come to a standstill even if the stop piece 22 is held under the high pump injection pressure when the evasive piston 14 abuts .
  • the movement is initially taken up by one of the springs 24, and when the stop piece 22 becomes free again after the injection has been completed, the compressed spring 24 moves the stop piece further.
  • stop surface 32 is inclined so that its inclination to the vertical of the escape piston 14 is greater than the angle of friction, it can happen that during the injection there is a brief reaction to the control linkage in such a way that the stop piece 27 is shifted a little. This would cause the stop piece 27 to vibrate.
  • the stop piece 27 is designed such that it rests in its guide 28 with wedge-shaped surfaces 31. Depending on the inclination of the wedge angle, the static friction of the stop piece 27 can be increased so that a reaction by the force of the evasive piston 14 no longer takes place.
  • a small leaf spring 30 is provided behind the stop piece 27, which, if the stop piece is jammed in the groove formed by the wedge surfaces 31, lifts it off if the wedge angle is too small.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 6 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 1 essentially in that the working space of the escape piston 14 is directly connected to the working space 10 of the pump piston 1 via a bore 33.
  • the pump piston 101 runs in the piston sleeve 102.
  • the pressure valve 103 is then located, from which the fuel, as not shown, is fed to the nozzle.
  • the escape piston 104 is connected to a space 105 which is connected to the pump space 106 via a groove 107 in the piston.
  • the evasive piston 104 carries flats 108. Through these flats 108, the evasive piston is guided against rotation in a lamella 109 consisting of two blades and clamped in the housing.
  • the end face 110 of the evasive piston 104 cooperating with the stop is designed as a cylindrical surface, the generatrix of which is perpendicular to the direction of displacement of the stop 112 indicated by an arrow 111.
  • This stop is designed, for example, as a control rod.
  • the stop 112 has a stop surface 113, which is designed as a control curve in the displacement direction 111 of the stop 112 and has rectilinear generatrices perpendicular to the displacement direction 111. These rectilinear generatrices of the stop surface 113 are therefore parallel to the rectilinear generatrices of the cylinder surface forming the end surface 110 of the evasive piston 104, so that the end face 110 contacts the stop surface 113 along a line.
  • the evasive piston 104 is loaded by the pressure occurring in the space 105 and against this pressure by a spring 114 which is supported against the lamella 109.
  • the evasive piston 104 has a leak oil groove 115, which is connected via a bore 116 to the suction chamber 117 of the pump.
  • the embodiment according to FIGS. 9 and 10 differs from the embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 8 in that the stop surface 118 of the displaceable stop 120 is flat and the end face 119 of the evasive piston 104 cooperating with the stop surface 118 is also formed from one plane , which is parallel to the stop surface 118. In this way, surface contact is achieved. Since the stop surface 118 is flat, this stop surface can only achieve a linear relationship between the displacement of the stop 120 and the stroke of the evasive piston 104.
  • the stop 120 which can be designed as a control rod, is controlled here by a rotatable cam 121, which interacts with a roller tappet 122. Any law can be achieved through the shape of the cam.
  • the stop 120 can be pressed against the cam 121 by a spring, not shown.
  • the stop surface 118 is inclined so that the component a of the force b of the evasive piston 104 acting in the direction of displacement of the stop 120 acts in the direction of the cam 121, so that this force favors the abutment of the roller 122 on the cam 121. If the inclination of the stop surface 118 to the direction of movement (arrow 111) of the stop is so large that the angle of friction is exceeded, such a spring may also be omitted.
  • FIGS. 11, 12 and 13 differs from the embodiment according to FIGS. 9 and 10 in that the connection securing of the piston is achieved by two leaf springs 123 which engage in two opposite slots 124 of the alternative piston 104. These leaf springs 123 simultaneously form the return spring for the evasive piston 104. In FIG. 13 these leaf springs are shown in the bent position 123 '.
  • 201 is the housing of the injection pump.
  • 202 is the pump piston liner and 203 is the pump piston, which can be rotated in the usual way and is designed with an inclined edge control for changing the injection quantity.
  • a bore 205 opens into the working chamber 204 of the pump piston 203, in which a backup piston 206 is axially displaceably guided.
  • the spring piston 206 is pressed in the direction of the working space 204 by a spring 207 which is supported against a ring 208.
  • the spring 207 is supported against a collar 209 of the evasive piston 206, which at the same time limits the movement thereof in the direction of the working space 204.
  • the 210 is a stop which is displaceable in a guide 211 fixed on the injection pump body 201 in the direction of the arrow 212.
  • the stop 210 has a stop surface 213, which cooperates with the end face 214 of the evasive piston 206 facing away from the working space 204 and limits the evasive movement of the evasive piston 206.
  • the stop surface 213 is a flat surface and the control curve given by the stop surface 213 is therefore straight.
  • the end face 214 is also a flat surface, which is perpendicular to the axis of the evasive piston 206.
  • the stop conditions are thus the same in all rotational positions of the evasive piston 206 and therefore there is no anti-rotation device for the evasive piston 206.
  • the axis of the bore 205 intersects the axis of the pump piston 203, so that the bore 205 is directed exactly radially, which makes machining easier.
  • FIGS. 16 and 17 show designs of the control linkage of injection pumps according to FIGS. 1 to 15.
  • 301 represents a so-called pump-nozzle element, in which the injection pump is combined with the nozzle to form a unit.
  • a pump nozzle element is assigned to each cylinder.
  • these pump nozzle elements are in a row and can be controlled by a common control rod.
  • 302 is a control rod with which the injection quantity is regulated.
  • 303 is the stop which determines the stroke of the evasive piston and has the control curve for limiting the stroke of the evasive piston.
  • This stop 303 is formed by a rod, which can be passed through a number of pump-nozzle elements arranged in series.
  • the control rod 302 can also be passed through a number of pump-nozzle elements 301 arranged in series.
  • the stop 303 and the control rod 302 are slidably mounted parallel to each other.
  • the movement of the control rod 302 is indicated by a double arrow 304, the symbol “-” (minus) indicating the direction of displacement when the delivery quantity is reduced and the symbol “+ (plus) indicating the direction of displacement in the sense of an increase in the delivery quantity.
  • the movement of the stop 303 is indicated by a double arrow 305, "A” indicating the direction in which the stop 303 has to be moved in order to reduce the stroke of the evasive piston and therefore to achieve an early injection.
  • "B” indicates the direction in which the stop 303 must be moved in order to increase the stroke of the evasive piston and thus to achieve a late injection.
  • a centrifugal force measuring device 306 which can be designed as an idling final speed controller measuring device or as an all-speed controller measuring device, acts via a drag spring 307 on an end 310 of a double-armed lever 308, which can be pivoted about a rotatable eccentric axis 309 by the quantity selector lever 319.
  • the other end 311 is coupled via a coupling rod 312 to the end 313 of a pivot lever 314.
  • the other end 315 is articulated to a pivot axis 316 which is connected to the stop 303 and is therefore displaced in the direction of the double arrow 305 by this stop 303.
  • the pivot lever 314 acts on the control rod 302 at the point of attack 318.
  • the stop 303 is pressed against a spray adjuster cam 321 by a compression spring 320.
  • the cam 321 is rotated as a function of at least one operating variable of the internal combustion engine, preferably as a function of the rotational speed and the load on the internal combustion engine, and thus shifts the stop 303. If the stop 303 in the diagram according to FIG. is shifted to the right), the control rod 302 is shifted in the direction »+ to the right with unchanged position of the double-armed lever 308.
  • the stop 303 is shifted in the direction “B”, the stroke of the evasive piston is increased, a larger amount of fuel being absorbed by the working space of the evasive piston. The amount of fuel diverted in this way is now compensated for by also adjusting the control rod in the »+ direction.
  • 322 is a quantity stop cam for limiting the maximum injection quantity.
  • the arrangement according to FIG. 17 differs from the arrangement according to FIG. 16 in that here the coupling rod 312 acts in the middle region of the pivoting lever 323 at the point of attack 324 on the latter.
  • One end 325 of the pivot lever 323 engages the control rod 302.
  • the other end 326 of the pivot lever 323 is mounted on a pivot pin 327 which is connected to the stop 303 and is displaced with this.
  • the double arrow 328 again indicates the displacement of the stop 303.
  • the direction “B" corresponds to a shift to the left and the direction "A" corresponds to a shift to the right.
  • the control rod 302 is displaced in the direction "+" so that the distance from the working area of the The amount of fuel consumed by the alternative piston is compensated.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 17 also differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 16 in that in the embodiment according to FIG. 17 the slope of the stop curve has to be opposite to the slope of the stop curve in the embodiment according to FIG. 16.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Einspritzpumpe für Einspritz-Brennkraftmaschinen, insbesondere Dieselmotoren, insbesondere von derjenigen Bauart, bei welcher Einspritzpumpe und Einspritzdüse zu einer einem Motorzylinder zugeordneten Einheit zusammengefaßt sind, mit einem während des Betriebes um seine Achse verdrehbaren Pumpenkolben, welcher bei seinem Förderhub zunächst mit einer Kante eine Bohrung, durch welche der Brennstoff aus dem Saugraum in den Arbeitsraum des Pumpenkolbens eingesaugt wird, verschließt und nach einer weiteren Hubstrecke die Verbindung zum Saugraum, durch die der nicht eingespritzte Brennstoff aus dem Arbeitsraum des Pumpenkolbens ausströmt, mit einer zweiten Kante öffnet, wobei eine der Kanten schräg zu den Zylindererzeugenden des Kolbens liegt und in einer mit dem Arbeitsraum des Pumpkolbens, an dem die zur Düse führende Leitung angeschlossen ist, in ständiger Verbindung stehenden, nebengeordneten Zylinderbohrung ein Ausweichkolben gleitend geführt ist, der durch eine Feder in Richtung zum Arbeitsraum des Pumpkolbens gedrückt ist und entgegen der Kraft der Feder, die größer ist als die vom Vordruck mit dem Ausweichkolben und kleiner als die vom Einspritzdruck mit dem Ausweichkolben erzeugte Kraft, über einen durch einen während des Betriebes verstellbaren Anschlag begrenzten Weg bewegbar ist. Bei Einspritzpumpen, welche als solche an den Motor angebaut werden, oder bei Einspritzpumpen, bei welchen Pumpe und Düse zu einer Einheit vereinigt sind, wird der Spritzbeginn in bekannter Weise so verstellt, daß entweder die antreibede Nockenwelle relativ zur Kurbelwelle der Brennkraftmaschine während des Betriebes verstellt wird, oder daß bei Antrieb über einen Schwinghebel dieser Schwinghebel auf einem Exzenter gelagert wird und dieser im Betrieb verdreht wird. Solche Einrichtungen erfordern einen hohen Kraftbedarf und damit auch starke Reglerkräfte und ein großes Arbeitsvermögen des Reglers.The invention relates to an injection pump for injection internal combustion engines, in particular diesel engines, in particular of the type in which the injection pump and injection nozzle are combined to form a unit assigned to an engine cylinder, with a pump piston which can be rotated about its axis during operation and which initially moves during its delivery stroke with one edge closes a hole through which the fuel is sucked from the suction chamber into the working area of the pump piston, and after a further stroke, opens the connection to the suction chamber through which the non-injected fuel flows out of the working area of the pump piston with a second edge , wherein one of the edges lies obliquely to the cylinder-generating ends of the piston and in a with the working space of the pump piston, to which the line leading to the nozzle is connected, a secondary piston bore, which is in constant communication, an auxiliary piston is slidably guided is pressed by a spring in the direction of the working area of the pump piston and against the force of the spring, which is greater than the force generated by the admission pressure with the alternative piston and less than the force generated by the injection pressure with the alternative piston, via a limit limited by an adjustable stop during operation Path is movable. In the case of injection pumps, which are attached to the engine as such, or in the case of injection pumps, in which the pump and nozzle are combined to form a unit, the start of injection is adjusted in a known manner in such a way that either the driving camshaft is adjusted relative to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine during operation is, or that when driven by a rocker arm, this rocker arm is mounted on an eccentric and this is rotated during operation. Such devices require a high level of power and thus also strong controller forces and a large working capacity of the controller.

Aus der US-PS 2 810 375 ist eine Einrichtung der eingangs genannten Art bekannt geworden, bei welcher ein Ausweichkolben vorgesehen ist, um die Fördermenge einzelner Einspritzpumpen exakt abzugleichen. Bei dieser Ausbildung weist der Pumpenkolben schräge Steuerkanten auf, welche mit Steueröffnungen in der Pumpenkolbenbüchse zusammenwirken, um auf diese Weise durch Verdrehung des Pumpenkolbens während des Betriebes die Fördermenge der Pumpe zu regeln. Bei dieser Verstellung des Begrenzungsanschlages für den Ausweichkolben wird zwar auch der Einspritzbeginn verändert, jedoch nur in Abhängigkeit von der Fördermenge der Pumpe, welche ja durch diesen Ausweichkolben verändert werden soll. Eine Veränderung des Einspritzbeginnes wird hierbei als Nachteil in Kauf genommen.From US Pat. No. 2,810,375 a device of the type mentioned at the outset is known, in which an evasive piston is provided in order to exactly match the delivery rate of individual injection pumps. In this embodiment, the pump piston has sloping control edges which cooperate with control openings in the pump piston sleeve in order to regulate the delivery rate of the pump in this way by rotating the pump piston during operation. With this adjustment of the limit stop for the alternate piston, the start of injection is also changed, but only in dependence on the delivery volume of the pump, which is to be changed by this alternate piston. A change in the start of injection is accepted as a disadvantage.

Die Erfindung zielt nun darauf ab, eine Einspritzpumpe der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei welcher die Verstellung des Spritzbeginnes in besonders einfacher Weise und mit geringem Kraftaufwand durchgeführt werden kann. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe besteht die Erfindung im wesentlichen darin, daß die Saugbohrung, durch welche der Brennstoff aus dem Saugraum der Einspritzpumpe in den Arbeitsraum des Kolbens eingesaugt wird, so angeordnet ist, daß sie spätestens bei einem Hub des Pumpenkolbens, welcher der größtmöglichen Voreinspritzung entspricht, abgeschlossen wird, daß der Anschlag von mindestens einer Betriebsgröße der Brennkraftmaschine gesteuert ist, daß der Anschlag quer zur Achse des Ausweichkolbens verschiebbar ist und eine Anschlagfläche aufweist, welche in Verschieberichtung nach einer Steuerkurve ausgebildet ist, und daß der Anschlag entgegen dem im Arbeitsraum des Einspritzpumpenkolbens auftretenden Brennstoffdruck gegen eine mit reibungserhöhenden Mitteln ausgestattete Anlagefläche abgestützt ist. Dadurch, daß die Regelung der Fördermenge der Pumpe durch Verdrehung des Pumpenkolbens erfolgt, und daß für die Veränderung des Einspritzbeginnes ein Ausweichkolben vorgesehen ist, dessen Ausweichweg durch einen veränderlichen Anschlag begrenzt ist, wird der Vorteil erreicht, daß der Einspritzbeginn unabhängig von der jeweiligen Fördereinstellung der Pumpe verändert werden kann. Dadurch, daß nun der Einspritzbeginn unabhängig von der Regelung der Fördermenge geregelt werden kann, können optimale Verhältnisse in bezug auf den Verbrauch und auf die Schadstoffemission des Dieselmotors erreicht werden. Es wird weiters noch der Vorteil erreicht, daß sowohl die Regelung der Fördermenge durch Verdrehung des Pumpenkolbens, als auch die Regelung des Einspritzbeginnes durch Verstellung des Anschlages für den Ausweichkolben ohne Kraftaufwendung erfolgen können. Durch den Ausweichkolben wird bewirkt, daß nach Abschluß der Saugbohrung des Pumpenarbeitsraumes die vom Pumpenkolben verdrängte Brennstoffmenge zuerst nicht in die Einspritzleitung, sondern in die Zylinderbohrung, welche durch den Ausweichkolben freigegeben wird, gefördert wird. Erst wenn der Ausweichkolben an seinem Anschlag anliegt, setzt die Förderung der Pumpe zur Einspritzdüse ein. Das jeweilige Hubvolumen des Ausweichkolbens bestimmt auf diese Weise die Größe des Weges des Pumpenkolbens, welchen dieser nach Abschluß der Saugbohrung bis zum Beginn der Einspritzung zurücklegen muß. Wenn der Anschlag des Ausweichkolbens so eingestellt wird, daß dieser überhaupt keinen Ausweichweg zurücklegen kann, so beginnt die Einspritzung bereits nach Abschluß der Saugbohrung. Je größer der Weg des Ausweichkolbens ist, welchen der Anschlag freigibt, desto mehr wird der Einspritzbeginn nach Abschluß der Saugbohrung verzögert. Aus diesem Grunde ist die Saugbohrung, durch welche der Brennstoff aus dem Saugraum der Einspritzpumpe in den Arbeitsraum des Kolbens eingesaugt wird, so angeordnet, daß sie spätestens bei einem Hub des Pumpenkolbens, welcher der größtmöglichen Voreinspritzung entspricht, abgeschlossen wird. Der Ausweichkolben soll erst ansprechen, wenn der Einspritzpumpenkolben seinen Druckhub ausführt. Es ist daher die den Ausweichkolben belastende Feder so bemessen, daß ihre Kraft, reduziert auf die Kolbenfläche des Ausweichkolbens, größer ist als der Vordruck der Pumpe und kleiner als der Einspritzdruck, reduziert auf die Kolbenfläche des Ausweichkolbens. Für die Verstellung des Begrenzungsanschlages für den Ausweichkolben erfolgt die Steuerung in Abhängigkeit von mindestens einer Betriebsgröße der Brennkraftmaschine. Hierbei kann der Anschlag von einer von der Drehzahl und/oder von anderen Betriebsgrößen abhängigen mechanischen, hydraulischen oder elektrischen Kraft gesteuert sein. Der Vorpumpendruck, unter welchem der Brennstoff dem Arbeitsraum des Pumpenkolbens zugeführt wird, ist abhängig von der Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine und es kann daher der Anschlag auch von diesem Vorpumpendruck gesteuert sein.The invention now aims to provide an injection pump of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which the adjustment of the start of injection can be carried out in a particularly simple manner and with little effort. To achieve this object, the invention consists essentially in the fact that the suction bore, through which the fuel is sucked from the suction chamber of the injection pump into the working chamber of the piston, is arranged such that it at the latest at a stroke of the pump piston, which corresponds to the largest possible pre-injection , it is concluded that the stop is controlled by at least one operating variable of the internal combustion engine, that the stop is displaceable transversely to the axis of the evasive piston and has a stop surface which is formed in the direction of displacement according to a control curve, and that the stop is opposite to that in the working space of the injection pump piston occurring fuel pressure is supported against a bearing surface equipped with friction-increasing agents. The fact that the control of the delivery rate of the pump takes place by rotating the pump piston, and that an evasive piston is provided for changing the start of injection, the evasion path is limited by a variable stop, the advantage is achieved that the start of injection is independent of the respective delivery setting Pump can be changed. Because the start of injection can now be regulated independently of the regulation of the delivery quantity, optimal conditions can be achieved with regard to the consumption and the pollutant emission of the diesel engine. There is also the advantage that both the regulation of the delivery rate by rotating the pump piston, and the regulation of the start of injection by adjusting the stop for the evasive piston can be done without applying force. As a result of the evasive piston, after the suction bore of the pump work space has been closed, the amount of fuel displaced by the pump piston is first conveyed not into the injection line but into the cylinder bore, which is released by the evasive piston. Only when the evasive piston touches its stop does the pump start to the injection nozzle. In this way, the respective stroke volume of the evasive piston determines the size of the path of the pump piston, which the piston has to cover after the suction bore has been closed until the start of injection. If the stop of the evasive piston is set so that it cannot cover any evasive path at all, the injection begins as soon as the suction bore is completed. The greater the distance of the evasive piston, which the stop releases, the more the start of injection is delayed after the suction hole is completed. Out For this reason, the suction hole through which the fuel is sucked from the suction chamber of the injection pump into the working chamber of the piston is arranged such that it is completed at the latest when the pump piston is stroked, which corresponds to the largest possible pre-injection. The evasive piston should only respond when the injection pump piston executes its pressure stroke. It is therefore dimensioned the spring loading the evasive piston so that its force, reduced to the piston area of the evasive piston, is greater than the admission pressure of the pump and less than the injection pressure, reduced to the piston area of the evasive piston. For the adjustment of the limit stop for the evasive piston, the control takes place as a function of at least one operating variable of the internal combustion engine. In this case, the stop can be controlled by a mechanical, hydraulic or electrical force which is dependent on the speed and / or on other operating variables. The backing pump pressure at which the fuel is fed to the working space of the pump piston is dependent on the speed of the internal combustion engine, and the stop can therefore also be controlled by this backing pump pressure.

Gemäß der Erfindung ist der Anschlag quer zur Achse des Ausweichkolbens verschiebbar und weist eine Anschlagfläche auf, welche in Verschieberichtung nach einer Steuerkurve ausgebildet ist.According to the invention, the stop is displaceable transversely to the axis of the evasive piston and has a stop surface which is designed according to a control curve in the direction of displacement.

Da der Verstellweg des Anschlages zum Zwecke einer leichten Verstellbarkeit kurz gewählt werden soll, muß die Steuerkurve am Anschlag relativ steil ausgebildet werden. Wenn nun die Anschlagkurve so steil ist, daß sie nicht selbsthemmend wirkt, kann die Kraft des Ausweichkolbens im Sinne einer Verstellung der Anschlagkurve wirken. Um dies zu verhindern, ist der Anschlag entgegen dem im Arbeitsraum des Einspritzpumpenkolbens auftretenden Brennstoffdruck gegen eine mit reibungserhöhenden Mitteln ausgestattete Anlagefläche abgestützt.Since the adjustment path of the stop should be chosen to be short for the purpose of easy adjustability, the control curve at the stop must be made relatively steep. If the stop curve is so steep that it does not have a self-locking effect, the force of the evasive piston can act in the sense of adjusting the stop curve. To prevent this, the stop against the fuel pressure occurring in the working space of the injection pump piston is supported against a contact surface equipped with friction-increasing means.

Bei einer Ausbildung, bei welcher der die Steuerkurve aufweisende Teil gegen eine Anlagefläche abgestützt ist, kann gemäß der Erfindung diese Anlagefläche beispielsweise keilförmigen Querschnitt aufweisen, wobei durch die Keilreibung der Verschiebung unter der Wirkung des Ausweichkolbens entgegengewirkt wird. Hierbei kann gemäß der Erfindung ein Anschlag in derjenigen Phase, in welcher er nicht von dem im Arbeitsraum des Einspritzpumpenkolbens auftretenden Einspritzdruck belastet ist, beispielsweise durch eine Feder von der Anlagefläche abgehoben werden.In a configuration in which the part having the control cam is supported against a contact surface, according to the invention this contact surface can have, for example, a wedge-shaped cross section, the wedge friction counteracting the displacement under the action of the evasive piston. In this case, according to the invention, a stop can be lifted off the contact surface, for example by a spring, in that phase in which it is not loaded by the injection pressure occurring in the working space of the injection pump piston.

Die zur Steuerung des Anschlages ausgenützte Kraft kann unter Zwischenschaltung von Federn auf den Anschlag wirken. Während des Druckhubes des Pumpenkolbens ist der Anschlag über den Ausweichkolben durch den im Arbeitsraum des Pumpenkolbens auftretenden Druck belastet. Vor und nach dem Druckhub des Pumpenkolbens ist der Anschlag unbelastet. Dadurch, daß die zur Steuerung des Anschlages ausgenützte Kraft unter Zwischenschaltung von Federn auf den Anschlag wirkt, wird die Verstellkraft während der belasteten Periode des Anschlages gespeichert und kann während der unbelasteten Periode des Anschlages die Verstellung des Anschlages durchführen, so daß die erforderliche Verstellkraft herabgesetzt wird.The force used to control the stop can act on the stop with the interposition of springs. During the pressure stroke of the pump piston, the stop above the escape piston is loaded by the pressure occurring in the working area of the pump piston. The stop is not loaded before and after the pressure stroke of the pump piston. Because the force used to control the stop acts with the interposition of springs on the stop, the adjusting force is stored during the loaded period of the stop and can perform the adjustment of the stop during the unloaded period of the stop, so that the required adjusting force is reduced .

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann die Anordnung so getroffen sein, daß die Anschlagfläche des gegen Verdrehung gesichert geführten Anschlages quer zur Verschieberichtung des Anschlages geradlinige Erzeugende aufweist, daß der Ausweichkolben gegen Verdrehung gesichert ist und daß die mit der Anschlagfläche zusammenwirkende Stirnfläche des Ausweichkolbens geradlinige Erzeugende aufweist, welche parallel zu den quer zur Verschieberichtung des Anschlages liegenden Erzeugenden desselben sind. Auf diese Weise wird zumindest eine Linienberührung zwischen der Stirnfläche des Ausweichkolbens und der Anschlagfläche ereicht, so daß die Anschlagfläche geschont wird und Ungenauigkeiten durch Abnützung weitgehend verringert werden.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the arrangement can be such that the stop surface of the stop guided against rotation has a straight line transversely to the direction of displacement of the stop, that the escape piston is secured against rotation and that the end face of the escape piston cooperating with the stop surface is straight line generator has, which are parallel to the transverse to the displacement direction of the stop generators of the same. In this way, at least one line contact is reached between the end face of the evasive piston and the stop surface, so that the stop surface is protected and inaccuracies are largely reduced by wear.

Gemäß der Erfindung kann hierbei die mit der Anschlagfläche zusammenwirkende Stirnfläche des Ausweichkolbens eine Zylinderfläche sein. In diesem Falle kann die Anschlagfläche in der Verschieberichtung nach einer beliebigen Kurve geformt sein, welche das gewünschte Gesetz des Verlaufes des Einspritzbeginnes in Abhängigkeit von Motordrehzahl und/oder Motorlast bestimmt. Gemäß der Erfindung kann auch die Anschlagfläche des verschiebbaren Anschlages von einer Ebene gebildet sein, welche mit der Verschieberichtung des Anschlages einen spitzen Winkel einschließt, wobei die mit der Anschlagfläche zusammenwirkende Stirnfläche des Ausweichkolbens von einer parallel zur Anschlagfläche liegenden Ebene gebildet ist. Auf diese Weise wird eine Flächenberührung zwischen der Stirnfläche des Ausweichkolbens und der Anschlagfläche ermöglicht. Die ebene Anschlagfläche ermöglicht nun aber nur die Einhaltung eines linearen Gesetzes. Bei einer solchen Ausbildung kann aber gemäß der Erfindung der verschiebbare Anschlag von einem Nocken gesteuert sein, welcher das gewünschte Gesetz des Verlaufes des Einspritzbeginnes mit der Drehzahl und/oder Last des Motors bestimmt oder mitbestimmt. Bei einer solchen Ausbildung kann überdies auch die Anschlagfläche in Verschieberichtung des Anschlages nach einer Kurve geformt sein, in welchem Falle das gewünschte Gesetz durch diese Kurve und durch die Form des Nockens gemeinsam bestimmt wird.According to the invention, the end face of the evasive piston cooperating with the stop face can be a cylindrical face. In this case, the stop surface can be shaped in the direction of displacement according to any curve which determines the desired law of the course of the start of injection depending on the engine speed and / or engine load. According to the invention, the stop surface of the displaceable stop can also be formed by a plane which encloses an acute angle with the direction of displacement of the stop, the end face of the escape piston interacting with the stop surface being formed by a plane lying parallel to the stop surface. In this way, a surface contact between the end face of the evasive piston and the stop surface is made possible. The flat stop surface now only allows compliance with a linear law. With such a design, however, according to the invention, the displaceable stop can be controlled by a cam, which determines or co-determines the desired law of the course of the start of injection with the speed and / or load of the engine. With such a design, the stop surface can also be shaped in the direction of displacement of the stop according to a curve, in which case the desired law is jointly determined by this curve and by the shape of the cam.

Die Verdrehsicherung des Ausweichkolbens kann in verschiedener Weise erfolgen. Gemäß der Erfindung kann der Ausweichkolben Anflachungen aufweisen, mittels welcher er an einer Lamelle verdrehungssicher geführt ist, an welcher die den Ausweichkolben belastende Feder abgestützt ist. In diesem Fall ergibt sich eine einfache Konstruktion. Die Anordnung kann gemäß der Erfindung auch so getroffen sein, daß der Ausweichkolben wenigstens einen Schlitz, vorzugsweise zwei gegenüberliegende Schlitze, aufweist, welcher senkrecht zur Achse des Ausweichkolbens verläuft und in welchen wenigstens eine Blattfeder eingreift, die ungefähr in einer senkrecht zur Achse des Ausweichkolbens liegenden Ebene liegt und welche gleichzeitig die Verdrehungssicherung und die Rückstellung des Kolbens bewirkt. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß für die Rückstellfederung und Verdrehsicherung ein einziges Element erforderlich ist und daß die Verdrehsicherung reibungsfrei erfolgt.The escape piston can be prevented from rotating in various ways. According to the invention, the alternate piston can have flats, by means of which it is guided against rotation on a lamella on which the spring loading the alternate piston is supported. In this case, the construction is simple. The arrangement can also be made in accordance with the invention in such a way that the evasive piston has at least one slot, preferably two opposing slots, which runs perpendicular to the axis of the evasive piston and in which engages at least one leaf spring which lies approximately in a perpendicular to the axis of the evasive piston Level lies and which simultaneously causes the anti-rotation and the resetting of the piston. This has the advantage that a single element is required for the return spring and anti-rotation device and that the anti-rotation device is frictionless.

Gemäß der Erfindung kann die Anschlagfläche so geneigt sein, daß die in Verschieberichtung gerichtete Komponente der Andrückkraft des Ausweichkolbens in Richtung zu demjenigen Ende des Anschlages gerichtet ist, an welchen der Antrieb desselben angreift. Damit wird der Vorteil erreicht, daß die vom Ausweichkolben auf den Anschlag ausgeübte Kraft eine Anlage des Anschlages an dem beispielsweise durch einen Nocken gebildeten Antrieb begünstigt. Hierbei kann gemäß der Erfindung auch der Neigungswinkel zwischen Anschlagfläche und Verschieberichtung des Anschlages den Selbsthemmungswinkel überschreiten, so daß eine zusätzliche Federung, durch welche der Anschlag in Anlage am Nocken gehalten wird, entfallen kann.According to the invention, the stop surface can be inclined so that the component of the pressing force of the evasive piston directed in the direction of displacement is directed towards the end of the stop on which the drive engages. This has the advantage that the force exerted by the evasive piston on the stop favors an abutment of the stop on the drive formed, for example, by a cam. Here, according to the invention, the angle of inclination between the stop surface and the direction of displacement of the stop can exceed the self-locking angle, so that an additional suspension, by means of which the stop is held in contact with the cam, can be omitted.

Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann die Anordnung auch so getroffen sein, daß die Steuerkurve eine Gerade und die Anschlagfläche eine ebene Fläche ist und daß die Achse des Ausweichkolbens senkrecht auf der Anschlagfläche steht, wobei die mit der Anschlagfläche zusammenwirkende Stirnfläche des Ausweichkolbens eben ist und senkrecht zur Achse des Ausweichkolbens steht. Auf diese Weise wird die richtige Anlage der Stirnfläche des Ausweichkolbens an der Anschlagfläche des Anschlages in allen Drehstellungen des Ausweichkolbens gesichert und es ist eine Verdrehsicherung des Ausweichkolbens überflüssig. Es entfällt daher der konstruktive Aufwand für eine solche Verdrehungssicherung und durch den Wegfall einer Verdrehungssicherung wird die Leichtgängigkeit des Ausweichkolbens gewährleistet. Hierbei wird eine Flächenberührung der Stirnfläche des Ausweichkolbens mit der Anschlagfläche erreicht, welche gegenüber einer Punktberührung oder Linienberührung den Vorteil aufweist, daß Abnützungen des Stirnendes des Ausweichkolbens und dadurch entstehende Ungenauigkeiten praktisch vermieden werden.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the arrangement can also be such that the control cam is a straight line and the stop surface is a flat surface and that the axis of the evasive piston is perpendicular to the stop surface, the end face of the evasive piston interacting with the stop surface being flat and is perpendicular to the axis of the evasive piston. In this way, the correct contact of the end face of the evasive piston with the stop face of the stop is ensured in all rotational positions of the evasive piston, and it is unnecessary to prevent the evasive piston from rotating. The design effort for such an anti-rotation device is therefore eliminated and the elimination of an anti-rotation device ensures that the evasive piston moves freely. Here, a surface contact of the end face of the evasive piston with the stop surface is achieved, which has the advantage over point contact or line contact that wear on the end face of the evasive piston and the resulting inaccuracies are practically avoided.

- Durch den Ausweichkolben kann unter Umständen auch die Fördermenge der Einspritzpumpe, wenn auch geringfügig, in ungewünschter Weise verändert werden. Um dies zu vermeiden, kann gemäß der Erfindung das vorzugsweise von einer Regelstange gebildete Fördermengenregelglied der Einspritzpumpe mit dem Anschlag derart gekuppelt sein, daß es bei einer Vergrößerung des Hubes des Ausweichkolbens im Sinne einer Vergrößerung der Einspritzmenge verstellt wird, wobei das vom Arbeitsraum des Ausweichkolbens aufgenommene Brennstoffvolumen zumindest teilweise durch die Einstellung des Fördermengenregelgliedes auf größere Fördermengen ausgeglichen wird, so daß das tatsächliche eingespritzte Brennstoffvolumen bei den verschiedenen Einstellungen des Einspritzzeitpunktes ungefähr gleich bleibt. - Under certain circumstances, the delivery quantity of the injection pump can be changed in an undesired manner, even if only slightly, by the evasive piston. In order to avoid this, according to the invention, the delivery rate control member of the injection pump, which is preferably formed by a control rod, can be coupled to the stop in such a way that it is adjusted in the sense of an increase in the injection quantity when the stroke of the escape piston is increased, the intake volume being absorbed by the working space of the escape piston Fuel volume is at least partially compensated for by the setting of the delivery rate control element to larger delivery rates, so that the actual injected fuel volume remains approximately the same with the different settings of the injection time.

Gemäß der Erfindung ist bei einer Regelgestängeanordnung, bei welcher das Mengenwählglied auf einen um eine Schwenkachse schwenkbaren Schwenkhebel wirkt, welcher an der Regelstange angreift, vorzugsweise der Anschlag parallel mit der Regelstange verschiebbar gelagert und die Schwenkachse mit dem Anschlag verbunden. Dadurch, daß die Schwenkachse des Schwenkhebels nicht ortsfest angeordnet ist, sondern mit dem Anschlag verlagert wird, verändert sich der Regelstangenweg in Abhängigkeit von der Verstellung des Anschlages und es wird dadurch ermöglicht, daß das in den Arbeitsraum des Ausweichkolbens abgezweigte Brennstoffvolumen durch Verstellung der Regelstange in Sinne einer Mehrförderung ersetzt wird. Die Anordnung kann gemäß der Erfindung so getroffen sein, daß ein Ende des Schwenkhebels an der Schwenkachse gelagert ist, auf das andere Ende desselben das Mengenwählglied wirkt und derSchwenkhebel in seinem mittleren Bereich an der Regelstange angreift und daß bei einer Verschiebung des Anschlages im Sinne einer Vergrößerung des Hubes des Ausweichkolbens die Regelstange im Sinne einer Vergrößerung der Fördermenge verschoben wird. Die Anordnung kann aber gemäß der Erfindung auch so getroffen sein, daß ein Ende des Schwenkhebels an der Schwenkachse gelagert ist, das andere Ende desselben an der Regelstange angreift und das Mengenwählglied auf den mittleren Bereich des Schwenkhebels wirkt und daß bei einer Verschiebung des Anschlages im Sinne einer Vergrößerung des Hubes des Ausweichkolbens die Regelstange im Sinne einer Vergrößerung der Fördermenge verschoben wird. Hierbei kann gemäß der Erfindung der Anschlag durch einen Nocken verschiebbar sein, der in Abhängigkeit von wenigstens einer Betriebsgröße verdrehbar ist. Dadurch kann in einfacher Weise die Verschiebung des Anschlages gesteuert werden.According to the invention, in a control linkage arrangement in which the quantity selection member acts on a pivoting lever which can be pivoted about a pivot axis and which engages on the control rod, the stop is preferably displaceably mounted parallel to the control rod and the pivot axis is connected to the stop. Characterized in that the pivot axis of the pivot lever is not fixed, but is shifted with the stop, the control rod travel changes depending on the adjustment of the stop and it is made possible that the branched fuel volume in the working space of the evasive piston by adjusting the control rod in In the sense of additional funding. The arrangement can be made according to the invention so that one end of the pivot lever is mounted on the pivot axis, the other end of the same acts on the quantity selection member and the pivot lever engages the control rod in its central region and that when the stop is displaced in the sense of an enlargement the stroke of the evasive piston, the control rod is moved in the sense of an increase in the delivery rate. The arrangement can also be made according to the invention so that one end of the pivot lever is mounted on the pivot axis, the other end thereof engages the control rod and the quantity selector acts on the central region of the pivot lever and that in the sense of a displacement of the stop an increase in the stroke of the evasive piston, the control rod is moved in the sense of an increase in the flow rate. According to the invention, the stop can be displaceable by a cam which can be rotated as a function of at least one operating variable. As a result, the displacement of the stop can be controlled in a simple manner.

In der Zeichnung ist die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen schematisch erläutert.

  • Fig. 1 zeigt einen Axialschnitt durch eine Einspritzpumpe und
  • Fig. 2 und 3 zeigen zwei verschiedene Ausbildungen der Steuerung der Anschlagkurve im Schnitt nach Linie 11-11 der Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 und 5 zeigen eine andere Ausbildung des Anschlages, wobei Fig. 4 einen Schnitt nach Linie VI-VI der Fig. und Fig. einen Schnitt nach der Linie V-V der Fig. 4 darstellt.
  • Fig. 6 zeigt eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform entsprechend Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 7 und 8 zeigen eine andere Ausführungsform, wobei Fig. 7 einen Axialschnitt nach Linie VII-VII der Fig. 8 und Fig. 8 einen Schnitt nach der Linie VIII-VIII der Fig. 7 darstellt.
  • Fig. 9 und 10 zeigen eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform, wobei Fig. 9 einen Axialschnitt. durch den mittleren Teil der Pumpedüse-Einheit nach Linie IX-IX der Fig. 10 und Fig. 10 einen Schnitt nach Linie X-X der Fig. 9 darstellt.
  • Fig. 11, 12 und 13 zeigen eine andere Ausführungsform, wobei Fig. 11 einen Axialschnitt durch den mittleren Teil der Pumpendüse-Einheit nach Linie XI-XI der Fig. 12 und Fig. 12 einen Schnitt nach Linie XII-XII der Fig. 11 darstellt. Fig. 13 zeigt einen Schnitt entsprechend dem Schnitt nach Fig. 12, wobei jedoch der Ausweichkolben in Anlage an der Anschlagfläche des Anschlages dargestellt ist.
  • Fig. 14 und 15 zeigen eine andere Ausführungsform, wobei Fig. 14 einen Querschnitt senkrecht zur Achse des Pumpenkolbens und Fig. 15 einen Schnitt nach Linie XV-XV der Fig. 14 darstellt.
  • Fig. 16 und 17 zeigen eine erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung des Regelgestänges der Einspritzpumpe in zwei Varianten.
In the drawing, the invention is explained schematically using exemplary embodiments.
  • Fig. 1 shows an axial section through an injection pump and
  • 2 and 3 show two different designs of the control of the stop curve in the section along line 11-11 of FIG. 1st
  • 4 and 5 show another embodiment of the stop, FIG. 4 showing a section along line VI-VI of FIG. And FIG. 4 a section along line VV of FIG.
  • Fig. 6 shows a modified embodiment shape corresponding to FIG. 1.
  • 7 and 8 show another embodiment, wherein FIG. 7 shows an axial section along line VII-VII of FIG. 8 and FIG. 8 shows a section along line VIII-VIII of FIG. 7.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 show a modified embodiment, with FIG. 9 an axial section. through the middle part of the pump nozzle unit along line IX-IX of FIG. 10 and FIG. 10 represents a section along line XX of FIG. 9.
  • 11, 12 and 13 show another embodiment, wherein FIG. 11 shows an axial section through the central part of the pump nozzle unit along line XI-XI of FIG. 12 and FIG. 12 shows a section along line XII-XII of FIG. 11 represents. FIG. 13 shows a section corresponding to the section according to FIG. 12, but the escape piston is shown in contact with the stop surface of the stop.
  • 14 and 15 show another embodiment, wherein FIG. 14 shows a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the pump piston and FIG. 15 shows a section along line XV-XV of FIG. 14.
  • 16 and 17 show an embodiment according to the invention of the control linkage of the injection pump in two variants.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 1 stellt 1 den Pumpenkolben, 2 die Pumpenkolbenbüchse und 3 eine Stelze oder einen Stößel dar, welche den Pumpenkolben unter Zwischenschaltung eines Plättchens 4 entgegen der Kraft einer Rückholfeder 5 antreibt. Die Regelung der Fördermenge der Pumpe erfolgt durch Verdrehung des Pumpenkolbens mittels einer Regelstange 6, welche an einer Kurbel 7, die mit dem Kolben fest verbunden ist, angreift. 9 ist eine Bohrung, über welche der Brennstoff aus dem Ansaugraum 29 der Einspritzpumpe in den Arbeitsraum 10 des Pumpenkolbens 1 gelangt. Wenn der Pumpenkolben 1 seinen Förderhub durchführt, wird zuerst Brennstoff aus dem Arbeitsraum 10 der Pumpe über die Bohrung 9 in den Ansaugraum 29 zurückgedrückt. Sobald die Stirnkante 34 die Bohrung 9 überschliffen hat, beginnt der eigentliche Förderhub. Sobald beim weiteren Abwärtsgang des Pumpenkolbens 1 die untere den Schlitz 8 begrenzende Kante 35 die Bohrung 9 überschleift, wird die Verbindung des Ansaugraumes 29 mit dem Arbeitraum 10 des Pumpenkolbens 1 wieder geöffnet und es wird dadurch der Förderhub beendet. Je nach der Drehstellung des Kolbens 1 überschleift die schräge Kante des Schrägschlitzes 8 früher oder später die Bohrung 9 und es wird somit durch Verdrehung des Einspritzpumpenkolbens 1 die Fördermenge der Pumpe geregelt.In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, 1 represents the pump piston, 2 the pump piston sleeve and 3 a stilt or a plunger which drives the pump piston with the interposition of a plate 4 against the force of a return spring 5. The delivery rate of the pump is regulated by rotating the pump piston by means of a control rod 6 which engages a crank 7 which is firmly connected to the piston. 9 is a bore through which the fuel passes from the suction chamber 29 of the injection pump into the working chamber 10 of the pump piston 1. When the pump piston 1 carries out its delivery stroke, fuel is first pushed back from the working chamber 10 of the pump through the bore 9 into the suction chamber 29. As soon as the end edge 34 has grinded the bore 9, the actual delivery stroke begins. As soon as the lower edge 35, which delimits the slot 8, grinds over the bore 9 during the further downward movement of the pump piston 1, the connection of the suction chamber 29 to the working chamber 10 of the pump piston 1 is opened again and the delivery stroke is thereby ended. Depending on the rotational position of the piston 1, the oblique edge of the oblique slot 8 sooner or later drills over the bore 9 and the delivery rate of the pump is thus regulated by rotating the injection pump piston 1.

Der Arbeitsraum 10 des Einspritzpumpenkolbens ist über einen Schlitz oder eine Bohrung 11 mit einem Ringraum 12 ständig in Verbindung. In diesem Raum 12 mündet eine Bohrung 13, in der ein Ausweichkolben 14 geführt ist, der sich gegen eine Feder 15 abstützt. Der Ausweichkolben 14 wird in seinem Hub nach außen durch einen zylindrischen Stift 16 begrenzt, der an einem Anschlagstück 17 anliegt. Das Anschlagstück 17 ist als zylindrischer Körper ausgebildet, in dem ein Teil durch eine kegelförmige oder durch eine andere kurvenförmige Erzeugende gebildet wird, welche die Steuerkurve bildet. Durch Verschiebung des Anschlagstückes 17 längs seiner Längsachse läßt sich der Weg des Ausweichkolbens 14 vor Beginn der Einspritzung verändern. Nach Abschluß der Einspritzung wird der Pumpenraum wieder mit dem Ansaugraum 29 verbunden. Die Feder 15 drückt dann den Ausweichkolben 14 wieder in seine Ausgangslage zurück.The working space 10 of the injection pump piston is continuously connected to an annular space 12 via a slot or a bore 11. In this space 12 opens a bore 13 in which an evasive piston 14 is guided, which is supported against a spring 15. The escape piston 14 is limited in its stroke to the outside by a cylindrical pin 16 which bears against a stop piece 17. The stop piece 17 is designed as a cylindrical body, in which a part is formed by a conical or by another curved generatrix, which forms the control curve. By moving the stop piece 17 along its longitudinal axis, the path of the escape piston 14 can be changed before the start of injection. After completion of the injection, the pump chamber is reconnected to the suction chamber 29. The spring 15 then presses the evasive piston 14 back into its starting position.

Die Bewegung des Anschlagstückes 17 kann, wie weiter nicht gezeichnet, durch einen mechanischen Regler erfolgen, aber auch hydraulisch, wie Fig. 2 zeigt. Auf der einen Seite des Anschlagstückes 17 in dem Raum 21 wird eine drehzahlabhängige Fördermenge eines Steueröles eingeleitet. Im Anschlagstück 17 befindet sich eine Drossel 19, durch die diese Menge durchgedrückt wird, damit ergibt sich eine drehzahlabhängige Ölkraft auf den Steuerkolben, die eine Feder 20 zusammendrückt und das Anschlagstück drehzahlabhängig verschiebt. Bei mehreren Einspritzelementen einer Mehrzylinder-Maschine ist es möglich, die einzelnen Anschlagstücke zu verbinden und mit einem einzigen Kolben, der hydraulisch gesteuert wird, zu betätigen.The movement of the stop piece 17 can, as not shown further, be carried out by a mechanical controller, but also hydraulically, as shown in FIG. 2. A speed-dependent delivery rate of a control oil is introduced on one side of the stop piece 17 in the space 21. In the stop piece 17 there is a throttle 19, through which this quantity is pushed, so that there is a speed-dependent oil force on the control piston, which compresses a spring 20 and shifts the stop piece depending on the speed. With several injection elements of a multi-cylinder machine, it is possible to connect the individual stop pieces and to actuate them with a single piston that is hydraulically controlled.

Fig. 3 zeigt elastische Eingriffsstellen auf das Anschlagstück 22. Auf jeder Seite des Anschlagstückes 22 ist ein Kolben 23 angeordnet, der von einer Feder 24 gegen eine Hubbegrenzung 25, die in diesem Fall als Sprengring ausgebildet ist, gedrückt wird. Das Regulierorgan des Reglers umgreift in beiden Enden 26 des Anschlagstükkes 22 die elastische Lagerung 23, 24. Dies hat den Zweck, daß der eingeleitete Regulierungsvorgang auch dann nicht zum Stillstand kommt, wenn das Anschlagstück 22 bei Anlage des Ausweichkolbens 14 unter dem hohen Pumpeneinspritzdruck festgehalten wird. Bei dieser Ausführung wird die Bewegung zunächst von einer der Feder 24 aufgenommen und wenn das Anschlagstück 22 nach Abschluß der Einspritzung wieder frei wird, wird durch die zusammengedrückte Feder 24 das Anschlagstück weiterbewegt.3 shows elastic engagement points on the stop piece 22. A piston 23 is arranged on each side of the stop piece 22 and is pressed by a spring 24 against a stroke limitation 25, which in this case is designed as a snap ring. The regulator of the regulator engages in both ends 26 of the stop piece 22, the elastic mounting 23, 24. This has the purpose that the initiated regulation process does not come to a standstill even if the stop piece 22 is held under the high pump injection pressure when the evasive piston 14 abuts . In this embodiment, the movement is initially taken up by one of the springs 24, and when the stop piece 22 becomes free again after the injection has been completed, the compressed spring 24 moves the stop piece further.

Fig. 4 und 5 zeigen eine andere Ausführungsform. Wenn die Anschlagfläche 32 so geneigt ist, daß ihre Neigung zur Senkrechten des Ausweichkolbens 14 größer als der Reibungswinkel ist, kann es vorkommen, daß während der Einspritzung eine kurzzeitige Rückwirkung auf das Regelgestänge derart eintritt, daß das Anschlagstück 27 ein wenig verschoben wird. Dadurch würde das Anschlagstück 27 in ein Vibrieren kommen. Um dies zu vermeiden, ist gemäß Fig. 4 und 5 das Anschlagstück 27 so ausgebildet, daß es mit keilförmigen Flächen 31 in seiner Führung 28 anliegt. Je nach Neigung des Keilwinkels kann die Haftreibung des Anschlagstückes 27 so erhöht werden, daß eine Rückwirkung durch die Kraft des Ausweichkolbens 14 nicht mehr erfolgt. Um, nachdem der Ausweichkolben 14 das Anschlagstück 27 freigibt, eine sichere Bewegung des Anschlagstückes mit geringeren Kräften zu ermöglichen, ist hinter dem Anschlagstück 27 eine kleine Blattfeder 30 vorgesehen, die bei allfälligem Festklemmen des Anschlagstückes in der durch die Keilflächen 31 gebildeten Nut bei zu kleinem Keilwinkel dieses abhebt.4 and 5 show another embodiment. If the stop surface 32 is inclined so that its inclination to the vertical of the escape piston 14 is greater than the angle of friction, it can happen that during the injection there is a brief reaction to the control linkage in such a way that the stop piece 27 is shifted a little. This would cause the stop piece 27 to vibrate. To avoid this, according to FIGS. 4 and 5, the stop piece 27 is designed such that it rests in its guide 28 with wedge-shaped surfaces 31. Depending on the inclination of the wedge angle, the static friction of the stop piece 27 can be increased so that a reaction by the force of the evasive piston 14 no longer takes place. To, after the evasive piston 14 releases the stop piece 27, a safe movement To allow supply of the stop piece with lower forces, a small leaf spring 30 is provided behind the stop piece 27, which, if the stop piece is jammed in the groove formed by the wedge surfaces 31, lifts it off if the wedge angle is too small.

Die Ausführungsform nach Fig. 6 unterscheidet sich von der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 1 im wesentlichen dadurch, daß der Arbeitsraum des Ausweichkolbens 14 über eine Bohrung 33 unmittelbar mit dem Arbeitsraum 10 des Pumpenkolbens 1 in Verbindung steht.The embodiment according to FIG. 6 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 1 essentially in that the working space of the escape piston 14 is directly connected to the working space 10 of the pump piston 1 via a bore 33.

Bei der Anordnung nach Fig. 7 und 8 läuft der Pumpenkolben 101 in der Kolbenbüchse 102. Anschließend liegt das Druckventil 103, von dem der Brennstoff, wie nicht weiter dargestellt, der Düse zugeführt wird. Der Ausweichkolben 104 ist an einem Raum 105 angeschlossen, der mit dem Pumpenraum 106 über eine Nut 107 im Kolben verbunden ist. Der Ausweichkolben 104 trägt Anflachungen 108. Durch diese Anflachungen 108 ist der Ausweichkolben in einer im Gehäuse festgespannten aus zwei Blättern bestehenden Lamelle 109 verdrehsicher geführt. Die mit dem Anschlag zusammenwirkende Stirnfläche 110 des Ausweichkolbens 104 ist als Zylinderfläche ausgeführt, deren Erzeugende senkrecht zu der mit einem Pfeil 111 angedeuteten Verschieberichtung des Anschlages 112 verlaufen. Dieser Anschlag ist beispielsweise als Regelstange ausgebildet. Der Anschlag 112 weist eine Anschlagfläche 113 auf, welche in der Verschieberichtung 111 des Anschlages 112 als Regelkurve ausgebildet ist und senkrecht zur Verschieberichtung 111 geradlinige Erzeugende aufweist. Diese geradlinigen Erzeugenden der Anschlagfläche 113 liegen somit parallel zu den geradlinigen Erzeugenden der die Stirnfläche 110 des Ausweichkolbens 104 bildenden Zylinderfläche, so daß die Berührung des Stirnendes 110 mit der Anschlagfläche 113 entlang einer Linie erfolgt. Der Ausweichkolben 104 ist durch den im Raum 105 auftretenden Druck belastet und entgegen diesem Druck durch eine Feder 114 belastet, welche gegen die Lamelle 109 abgestützt ist. Der Ausweichkolben 104 weist eine Leckölnut 115 auf, welche über eine Bohrung 116 mit dem Saugraum 117 der Pumpe in Verbindung steht.In the arrangement according to FIGS. 7 and 8, the pump piston 101 runs in the piston sleeve 102. The pressure valve 103 is then located, from which the fuel, as not shown, is fed to the nozzle. The escape piston 104 is connected to a space 105 which is connected to the pump space 106 via a groove 107 in the piston. The evasive piston 104 carries flats 108. Through these flats 108, the evasive piston is guided against rotation in a lamella 109 consisting of two blades and clamped in the housing. The end face 110 of the evasive piston 104 cooperating with the stop is designed as a cylindrical surface, the generatrix of which is perpendicular to the direction of displacement of the stop 112 indicated by an arrow 111. This stop is designed, for example, as a control rod. The stop 112 has a stop surface 113, which is designed as a control curve in the displacement direction 111 of the stop 112 and has rectilinear generatrices perpendicular to the displacement direction 111. These rectilinear generatrices of the stop surface 113 are therefore parallel to the rectilinear generatrices of the cylinder surface forming the end surface 110 of the evasive piston 104, so that the end face 110 contacts the stop surface 113 along a line. The evasive piston 104 is loaded by the pressure occurring in the space 105 and against this pressure by a spring 114 which is supported against the lamella 109. The evasive piston 104 has a leak oil groove 115, which is connected via a bore 116 to the suction chamber 117 of the pump.

Die Ausführungsform nach Fig. 9 und 10 unterscheidet sich von der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 7 und 8 dadurch, daß die Anschlagfläche 118 des verschiebbaren Anschlages 120 eben ausgebildet ist und das mit der Anschlagfläche 118 zusammenwirkende Stirnende 119 des Ausweichkolbens 104 gleichfalls von einer Ebene gebildet ist, welche parallel zur Anschlagfläche 118 liegt. Auf diese Weise wird eine Flächenberührung erreicht. Da die Anschlagfläche 118 eben ausgebildet ist, kann mittels dieser Anschlagfläche nur ein lineares Verhältnis zwischen Verschiebung des Anschlages 120 und Hub des Ausweichkolbens 104 erreicht werden. Die Steuerung des Anschlages 120, welche als Regelstange ausgebildet sein kann, erfolgt hier durch einen verdrehbaren Nocken 121, der mit einem Rollenstößel 122 zusammenwirkt. Durch die Form des Nockens kann jedes beliebige Gesetz erreicht werden.The embodiment according to FIGS. 9 and 10 differs from the embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 8 in that the stop surface 118 of the displaceable stop 120 is flat and the end face 119 of the evasive piston 104 cooperating with the stop surface 118 is also formed from one plane , which is parallel to the stop surface 118. In this way, surface contact is achieved. Since the stop surface 118 is flat, this stop surface can only achieve a linear relationship between the displacement of the stop 120 and the stroke of the evasive piston 104. The stop 120, which can be designed as a control rod, is controlled here by a rotatable cam 121, which interacts with a roller tappet 122. Any law can be achieved through the shape of the cam.

Der Anschlag 120 kann durch eine nicht dargestellte Feder gegen den Nocken 121 gedrückt sein. Die Anschlagfläche 118 ist aber so geneigt, daß die in Verschieberichtung des Anschlages 120 wirkende Komponente a der Kraft b des Ausweichkolbens 104 in Richtung zum Nocken 121 wirkt, so daß diese Kraft die Anlage der Rolle 122 am Nocken 121 begünstigt. Wenn die Neigung der Anschlagfläche 118 zur Bewegungsrichtung (Pfeil 111) des Anschlages so groß ist, daß der Reibungswinkel überschritten wird, kann gegebenenfalls auch eine solche Feder entfallen.The stop 120 can be pressed against the cam 121 by a spring, not shown. The stop surface 118 is inclined so that the component a of the force b of the evasive piston 104 acting in the direction of displacement of the stop 120 acts in the direction of the cam 121, so that this force favors the abutment of the roller 122 on the cam 121. If the inclination of the stop surface 118 to the direction of movement (arrow 111) of the stop is so large that the angle of friction is exceeded, such a spring may also be omitted.

Die Ausführungsform nach Fig. 11, 12 und 13 unterscheidet sich von der Ausführungsform nach Fig.9 und 10 dadurch, daß die Verbindungssicherung des Kolbens durch zwei Blattfedern 123 erreicht wird, welche in zwei gegenüberliegende Schlitze 124 des Ausweichkolbens 104 eingreifen. Diese Blattfedern 123 bilden gleichzeitig die Rückstellfederung für den Ausweichkolben 104. In Fig. 13 sind diese Blattfedern in der ausgebogenen Stellung 123' dargestellt.The embodiment according to FIGS. 11, 12 and 13 differs from the embodiment according to FIGS. 9 and 10 in that the connection securing of the piston is achieved by two leaf springs 123 which engage in two opposite slots 124 of the alternative piston 104. These leaf springs 123 simultaneously form the return spring for the evasive piston 104. In FIG. 13 these leaf springs are shown in the bent position 123 '.

Bei der Ausbildung nach Fig. 14 und 15 ist 201 das Gehäuse der Einspritzpumpe. 202 ist die Pumpenkolbenbüchse und 203 ist der Pumpenkolben, der in üblicher Weise verdrehbar und mit einer Schrägkantensteuerung für die Veränderung der Einspritzmenge ausgebildet ist. In den Arbeitsraum 204 des Pumpenkolbens 203 mündet eine Bohrung 205, in welcher ein Ausweichkolben 206 axial verschiebbar geführt ist. Durch eine Feder 207, welche gegen einen Ring 208 abgestützt ist, wird der Ausweichkolben 206 in Richtung zum Arbeitsraum 204 gedrückt. Die Feder 207 ist anderseits gegen einen Bund 209 des Ausweichkolbens 206 abgestützt, welcher gleichzeitig die Bewegung desselben in Richtung zum Arbeitsraum 204 begrenzt. 210 ist ein Anschlag, welcher in einer am Einspritzpumpenkörper 201 festgelegten Führung 211 in Richtung des Pfeiles 212 verschiebbar ist. Der Anschlag 210 weist eine Anschlagfläche 213 auf, welche mit der vom Arbeitsraum 204 abgewendeten Stirnfläche 214 des Ausweichkolbens 206 zusammenwirkt und die Ausweichbewegung des Ausweichkolbens 206 begrenzt.14 and 15, 201 is the housing of the injection pump. 202 is the pump piston liner and 203 is the pump piston, which can be rotated in the usual way and is designed with an inclined edge control for changing the injection quantity. A bore 205 opens into the working chamber 204 of the pump piston 203, in which a backup piston 206 is axially displaceably guided. The spring piston 206 is pressed in the direction of the working space 204 by a spring 207 which is supported against a ring 208. The spring 207, on the other hand, is supported against a collar 209 of the evasive piston 206, which at the same time limits the movement thereof in the direction of the working space 204. 210 is a stop which is displaceable in a guide 211 fixed on the injection pump body 201 in the direction of the arrow 212. The stop 210 has a stop surface 213, which cooperates with the end face 214 of the evasive piston 206 facing away from the working space 204 and limits the evasive movement of the evasive piston 206.

Die Anschlagfläche 213 ist eine ebene Fläche und es ist damit die durch die Anschlagfläche 213 gegebene Steuerkurve geradlinig. Die Stirnfläche 214 ist ebenfalls eine ebene Fläche, welche senkrecht zur Achse des Ausweichkolbens 206 steht. Die Anschlagverhältnisse sind somit in allen Drehstellungen des Ausweichkolbens 206 gleich und es entfällt daher eine Verdrehsicherung für den Ausweichkolben 206. Die Achse der Bohrung 205 schneidet die Achse des Pumpenkolbens 203, so daß die Bohrung 205 genau radial gerichtet ist, wodurch die Bearbeitung erleichtert wird.The stop surface 213 is a flat surface and the control curve given by the stop surface 213 is therefore straight. The end face 214 is also a flat surface, which is perpendicular to the axis of the evasive piston 206. The stop conditions are thus the same in all rotational positions of the evasive piston 206 and therefore there is no anti-rotation device for the evasive piston 206. The axis of the bore 205 intersects the axis of the pump piston 203, so that the bore 205 is directed exactly radially, which makes machining easier.

Fig. 16 und 17 zeigen Ausbildungen des Regelgestänges von Einspritzpumpen nach Fig. 1 bis 15.16 and 17 show designs of the control linkage of injection pumps according to FIGS. 1 to 15.

Bei der Anordnung nach Fig. 16 stellt 301 ein sogenanntes Pumpe-Düse-Element dar, in welchem die Einspritzpumpe mit der Düse zu einer Beueinheit vereinigt ist. Ein solches Pumpe- Düse-Element ist jedem Zylinder zugeordnet. Im Falle eines Reihenmotors liegen diese Pumpe- Düse-Elemente in einer Reihe und können durch eine gemeinsame Regelstange geregelt werden. In der Zeichnung ist nur ein solches Pumpe- Düse-Element dargestellt. 302 ist eine Regelstange, mit welcher die Einspritzmenge geregelt wird. 303 ist der Anschlag, welcher den Hub des Ausweichkolbens bestimmt und die Steuerkurve für die Begrenzung des Hubes des Ausweichkolbens aufweist. Dieser Anschlag 303 ist von einer Stange gebildet, welche durch eine Anzahl von in Reihe angeordneten Pumpe-Düse-Elementen hindurchgeführt werden kann. Die Regelstange 302 kann gleichfalls durch eine Anzahl von in Reihe angeordneten Pumpe-Düse-Elementen 301 hindurchgeführt werden. Der Anschlag 303 und die Regelstange 302 sind parallel zueinander verschiebbar gelagert.In the arrangement according to FIG. 16, 301 represents a so-called pump-nozzle element, in which the injection pump is combined with the nozzle to form a unit. Such a pump nozzle element is assigned to each cylinder. In the case of an in-line engine, these pump nozzle elements are in a row and can be controlled by a common control rod. In the drawing, only such a pump nozzle element is shown. 302 is a control rod with which the injection quantity is regulated. 303 is the stop which determines the stroke of the evasive piston and has the control curve for limiting the stroke of the evasive piston. This stop 303 is formed by a rod, which can be passed through a number of pump-nozzle elements arranged in series. The control rod 302 can also be passed through a number of pump-nozzle elements 301 arranged in series. The stop 303 and the control rod 302 are slidably mounted parallel to each other.

Durch einen Doppelpfeil 304 ist die Bewegung der Regelstange 302 angedeutet, wobei das Zeichen »-« (Minus) die Verschieberichtung bei Verminderung der Fördermenge und das Zeichen » + (Plus) die Verschieberichtung im Sinne einer Erhöhung der Fördermenge anzeigt. Die Bewegung des Anschlages 303 ist durch einen Doppelpfeil 305 angedeutet, wobei »A« die Richtung anzeigt, in welche der Anschlag 303 verschoben werden muß, um den Hub des Ausweichkolbens zu verkleinern und daher eine Früheinspritzung zu erreichen. »B« deutet die Richtung an, in welche der Anschlag 303 verschoben werden muß, um den Hub des Ausweichkolbens zu vergrößern und damit eine Späteinspritzung zu erreichen.The movement of the control rod 302 is indicated by a double arrow 304, the symbol “-” (minus) indicating the direction of displacement when the delivery quantity is reduced and the symbol “+ (plus) indicating the direction of displacement in the sense of an increase in the delivery quantity. The movement of the stop 303 is indicated by a double arrow 305, "A" indicating the direction in which the stop 303 has to be moved in order to reduce the stroke of the evasive piston and therefore to achieve an early injection. "B" indicates the direction in which the stop 303 must be moved in order to increase the stroke of the evasive piston and thus to achieve a late injection.

Ein Fliehkraftmeßwerk 306, welches als Leerlauf-Enddrehzahl-Regler-Meßwerk oder als Alldrehzahlregler-Meßwerk ausgebildet sein kann, wirkt über eine Schleppfeder 307 auf ein Ende 310 eines doppelarmigen Hebels 308, welcher durch den Mengenwählhebel 319 um eine drehbare Exzenterachse 309 verschwenkbar ist. Das andere Ende 311 ist über eine Kuppelstange 312 mit dem Ende 313 eines Schwenkhebels 314 gekuppelt. Das andere Ende 315 ist an eine Schwenkachse 316 angelenkt, welche mit dem Anschlag 303 verbunden ist und daher durch diesen Anschlag 303 in Richtung des Doppelpfeiles 305 verschoben wird. In seinem mittleren Bereich 317 wirkt der Schwenkhebel 314 bei Angriffsstelle 318 auf die Regelstange 302.A centrifugal force measuring device 306, which can be designed as an idling final speed controller measuring device or as an all-speed controller measuring device, acts via a drag spring 307 on an end 310 of a double-armed lever 308, which can be pivoted about a rotatable eccentric axis 309 by the quantity selector lever 319. The other end 311 is coupled via a coupling rod 312 to the end 313 of a pivot lever 314. The other end 315 is articulated to a pivot axis 316 which is connected to the stop 303 and is therefore displaced in the direction of the double arrow 305 by this stop 303. In its central region 317, the pivot lever 314 acts on the control rod 302 at the point of attack 318.

Durch eine Druckfeder 320 wird der Anschlag 303 gegen einen Spritzverstellernocken 321 gedrückt. Der Nocken 321 wird in Abhängigkeit von wenigstens einer Betriebsgröße der Brennkraftmaschine, vorzugsweise in Abhängigkeit von der Drehzahl und von der Belastung derselben verdreht und verschiebt damit den Anschlag 303. Wenn nun bei dem Schema nach Fig. 16 der Anschlag 303 in Richtung »B« (nach rechts) verschoben wird, wird dabei bei unveränderter Stellung des doppelarmigen Hebels 308 die Regelstange 302 in Richtung » + nach rechts verschoben. Bei einer Verschiebung des Anschlages 303 in Richtung »B« wird der Hub des Ausweichkolbens vergrößert, wobei eine größere Brennstoffmenge vom Arbeitsraum des Ausweichkolbens aufgenommen wird. Die auf diese Art abgezweigte Brennstoffmenge wird nun dadurch ausgeglichen, daß auch die Regelstange in Richtung » + verstelltwird.The stop 303 is pressed against a spray adjuster cam 321 by a compression spring 320. The cam 321 is rotated as a function of at least one operating variable of the internal combustion engine, preferably as a function of the rotational speed and the load on the internal combustion engine, and thus shifts the stop 303. If the stop 303 in the diagram according to FIG. is shifted to the right), the control rod 302 is shifted in the direction »+ to the right with unchanged position of the double-armed lever 308. When the stop 303 is shifted in the direction “B”, the stroke of the evasive piston is increased, a larger amount of fuel being absorbed by the working space of the evasive piston. The amount of fuel diverted in this way is now compensated for by also adjusting the control rod in the »+ direction.

322 ist ein Mengenanschlagnocken für die Begrenzung der maximalen Einspritzmenge.322 is a quantity stop cam for limiting the maximum injection quantity.

Die Anordnung nach Fig. 17 unterscheidet sich von der Anordnung nach Fig. 16 dadurch, daß hier die Kuppelstange 312 im mittleren Bereich des Schwenkhebels 323 bei Angriffsstelle 324 an diesem angreift. Das eine Ende 325 des Schwenkhebels 323 greift an der Regelstange 302 an. Das andere Ende 326 des Schwenkhebels 323 ist an einem Schwenkzapfen 327 gelagert, der mit dem Anschlag 303 verbunden ist und mit diesem verschoben wird. Der Doppelpfeil 328 deutet nun wieder die Verschiebung des Anschlages 303 an. Die Richtung »B« entspricht einer Verschiebung nach links und die Richtung »A« entspricht einer Verschiebung nach rechts. Es wird gleichfalls wieder bei unveränderter Lage der Kuppelstange 312 bzw. der Angriffsstelle 324 bei einer Verschiebung in Richtung »B«, bei welcher der Hub des Ausweichkolbens vergrößert wird, die Regelstange 302 in Richtung »+« verschoben, so daß wieder die vom Arbeitsraum des Ausweichkolbens aufgenommene Brennstoffmenge ausgeglichen wird. Die Ausführungsform nach Fig. 17 unterscheidet sich von der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 16 auch dadurch, daß bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 17 die Steigung der Anschlagkurve entgegengesetzt der Steigung der Anschlagkurve bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 16 sein muß.The arrangement according to FIG. 17 differs from the arrangement according to FIG. 16 in that here the coupling rod 312 acts in the middle region of the pivoting lever 323 at the point of attack 324 on the latter. One end 325 of the pivot lever 323 engages the control rod 302. The other end 326 of the pivot lever 323 is mounted on a pivot pin 327 which is connected to the stop 303 and is displaced with this. The double arrow 328 again indicates the displacement of the stop 303. The direction "B" corresponds to a shift to the left and the direction "A" corresponds to a shift to the right. Likewise, if the position of the coupling rod 312 or the point of attack 324 is unchanged, the control rod 302 is displaced in the direction "+" so that the distance from the working area of the The amount of fuel consumed by the alternative piston is compensated. The embodiment according to FIG. 17 also differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 16 in that in the embodiment according to FIG. 17 the slope of the stop curve has to be opposite to the slope of the stop curve in the embodiment according to FIG. 16.

Claims (14)

1. Injection pump for internal-combustion engines with fuel injection, particularly for Diesel engines, particularly for internal-combustion engines of the type in which fuel injection pump and fuel injection nozzle are integrated to a unit associated to one engine cylinder, in which the pump piston (1) is during operation rotatable around its axis and is during its fuel supply stroke first closing with an edge (34) a bore (9) through which fuel is sucked from the suction space (29) into the working space (10) of the pump piston and is after a further length (10) of its stroke opening with a second edge (35) a bore (9) through which fuel having not been injected is flowing out of the working space of the pump piston, one of said edges extending obliquely to the generatrices of the piston, and in which within a secondary cylindrical bore (13, 205) being continuously in connection with the working space (10) of the pump piston (1) a shuttle (14, 104,206) is slidably guided and urged in direction to the working space (10) by means of a spring (15, 114, 123, 207), said shuttle being movable against the force of the spring which, reduced to the shuttle's cross-sectional area, is greater that the inital pressure of the pump but smaller than the injection pressure, along a path limited by a stop (17, 22, 27, 112, 210) adjustable in position during operation, characterized in that the bore (9), through which fuel is sucked from the suction space (29) of the fuel injection pump into the working space (10) of the pump piston (1), is arranged such that it becomes closed at the latest at a stroke portion of the pump piston corresponding to the maximum possible advanced fuel injection, that the stop (17, 22, 27, 112, 210) is controlled by at least one operational parameter of the internal combustion engine, that the stop (17, 22, 27, 112, 210) is shiftable in transverse direction to the axis of the shuttle (14, 104, 206) and has a contacting surface (32) which has, as seen in shifting direction, the shape of a control curve, and that the stop (27) is supported on a contacting surface (31) provided withfriction-increasing means against the pressure of the fuel created within the working space of the pump piston.
2. Injection pump as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the contacting surface (31) has a wedge-shaped cross-section.
3. Injection pump as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the force utilised for controlling the stop (17, 22) acts upon the stop via interposed springs (20, 24).
4. Injection pump as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the stop (27) during the operational phase, in which it is not loaded by the injection pressure created within the working space of the pump piston, is lifted off the contacting surface (31) by a spring (30, fig. 4,5).
5. Injection pump as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the contacting surface (113, 118) of the stop (112, 120) being guided in a manner secured against rotation, has rectilinear generatrices extending in transverse direction to the shifting direction (111) of the stop, that the shuttle (104) is secured against rotation and that the front face (110, 119) of the shuttle (104), cooperating with the contacting surface (113, 118), has rectilinear generatrices extending in parallel relation to the generatrices of the stop extending in transverse direction to the shifting direction (111) of the stop (fig. 7, 8, 9, 10).
6. Injection pump as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the shiftable stop (120) is controlled by a cam (121) defining or additionally defining the desired dependency of the beginning of fuel injection on the rotational speed and/or the load of the internal-combustion engine (fig. 10, 12).
7. Injection pump as claimed in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the shuttle (104) is provided with flattenings (108) by means of which it is non-rotatably guided on a lamella (109) on which rests the spring (114) loading the shuttle (fig. 7, 10).
8. Injection pump as claimed in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the shuttle (104) has at least one slot (124), preferably two oppositely arranged slots, which extends perpendicularly with respect to the axis of the shuttle and within which engages at least one leaf spring (123) approximately located in a plane extending in perpendicular direction relative to the axis of the shuttle and simultaneously representing the rotation-lock and the return means of the shuttle (fig. 11,12.13).
9. Injection pump as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the control member of the injection pump for controlling the amount of fuel injected, formed of a control rod (302), is coupled with the stop (303) such that it is adjusted in the sense of increasing the fuel amount injected on increasing the stroke of the shuttle (104), the increased fuel volume having entered the working space of the shuttle being at least partially compensated for by adjusting the control member for controlling the amount of fuel supplied to increased amounts of fuel supplied.
10. Injection pump as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that, with a control rod arrangement having the selecting element (319) for selecting the fuel amount acting on a pivotal lever (314, 323) pivotal around a pivotal axis (316, 327) and having the pivotal lever acting on the control rod (302), the stop (303) is shiftable in parallel relation to the control rod (302) and that the pivotal axis (316, 327) of the pivotal lever (314, 323) is connected with the stop (303, fig. 16,17).
11. Injection pump as claimed in claim 9 or 10, characterized in that one end (315) of the pivotal lever (314) is pivotally linked to the pivotal axis (316), the other end (313) of said pivotal lever (314) is acted upon by the selecting member (319) for selecting the fuel amount and the pivotal lever (314) is acting on the control rod (302) with its middle portion (317), and that when the stop (303) shifts in the sense of increasing the stroke of the shuttle (104) the control rod (302) is shifted in the sense of increasing the amount of fuel injected (fig. 16).
12. Injection pump as claimed in claim 9 or 10, characterized in that one end (326) of the pivotal lever (323) is pivotally supported on the pivotal axis (327), that the other end (325) of the pivotal lever (323) is acting on the control rod, that the selecting member (319) for selecting the fuel amount is acting on the middle portion (324) of the pivotal lever (329), and that when the stop (303) shifts in the sense of increasing the stroke of the shuttle (104) the control rod (302) is shifted in the sense of increasing the amount of fuel injected (fig. 17).
13. Injection pump as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the stop (303) is shiftable by a cam (321) which is rotatable in dependence on that least one operational parameter (fig. 16).
14. Injection pump as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that the stop (303) is urged against the cam (321) by means of a spring (320) (fig. 16).
EP19800890120 1979-10-15 1980-10-14 Injection pump for internal-combustion engines with fuel injection, particularly for diesel engines, and control device for it Expired EP0027442B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT671779A AT379661B (en) 1979-10-15 1979-10-15 INJECTION PUMP FOR INJECTION INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
AT6717/79 1979-10-15
AT770979 1979-12-05
AT7709/79 1979-12-05
AT227280 1980-04-28
AT2272/80 1980-04-28
AT307980 1980-06-11
AT3079/80 1980-06-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0027442A1 EP0027442A1 (en) 1981-04-22
EP0027442B1 true EP0027442B1 (en) 1984-09-19

Family

ID=27421739

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19800890120 Expired EP0027442B1 (en) 1979-10-15 1980-10-14 Injection pump for internal-combustion engines with fuel injection, particularly for diesel engines, and control device for it

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0027442B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3069226D1 (en)
ES (1) ES495918A0 (en)
PL (1) PL227310A1 (en)
YU (1) YU263480A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0059179A1 (en) * 1981-02-18 1982-09-01 Friedmann & Maier Aktiengesellschaft Injection pump for internal combustion engines especially Diesel engines
EP0069115A1 (en) * 1981-06-24 1983-01-05 Friedmann & Maier Aktiengesellschaft Injection pump
EP1069307A1 (en) * 1999-07-10 2001-01-17 L Orange GmbH Fuel injection pump with pilot injection

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT139726B (en) * 1933-12-06 1934-12-10 Henschel & Sohn Ag Device for regulating the output of vehicle internal combustion engines, in particular diesel engines.
DE915163C (en) * 1952-04-11 1954-07-15 Maybach Motorenbau G M B H Injection device for internal combustion engines, especially in motor vehicles
US3492947A (en) * 1969-02-10 1970-02-03 Nasa Fuel injection pump for internal combustion engines
DE2032704A1 (en) * 1970-07-02 1972-01-13 Motorenfabrik Hatz GmbH 8399 Ruhs torf Injection pump
DE2244642A1 (en) * 1972-09-12 1974-03-21 Vysoke Utschnei Technicke CORRECTION AND ANTI-CORRECTION DEVICE FOR THE FEEDING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INJECTION PUMP OF A DIESEL ENGINE INJECTION PUMP CONTROLLED BY A VARIABLE CONTROLLER
DE2325115A1 (en) * 1973-05-17 1974-12-05 Erich Baentsch PUMP NOZZLE FOR HIGHEST INJECTION PRESSURES WITH CONSTANT STROKE AND INJECTING WITH DIRECT DRIVE FROM THE CAM TO THE PLUNGER

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0059179A1 (en) * 1981-02-18 1982-09-01 Friedmann & Maier Aktiengesellschaft Injection pump for internal combustion engines especially Diesel engines
EP0069115A1 (en) * 1981-06-24 1983-01-05 Friedmann & Maier Aktiengesellschaft Injection pump
EP1069307A1 (en) * 1999-07-10 2001-01-17 L Orange GmbH Fuel injection pump with pilot injection

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES8202620A1 (en) 1982-02-01
PL227310A1 (en) 1981-08-07
EP0027442A1 (en) 1981-04-22
ES495918A0 (en) 1982-02-01
YU263480A (en) 1983-09-30
DE3069226D1 (en) 1984-10-25

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