EP0024748A2 - Dispositif et/ou application en relation avec la génération ou l'utilisation de pressions, forces, écoulements et mouvements dans des et au moyen de systèmes hydrauliques ou hydro-pneumatiques - Google Patents

Dispositif et/ou application en relation avec la génération ou l'utilisation de pressions, forces, écoulements et mouvements dans des et au moyen de systèmes hydrauliques ou hydro-pneumatiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0024748A2
EP0024748A2 EP80200114A EP80200114A EP0024748A2 EP 0024748 A2 EP0024748 A2 EP 0024748A2 EP 80200114 A EP80200114 A EP 80200114A EP 80200114 A EP80200114 A EP 80200114A EP 0024748 A2 EP0024748 A2 EP 0024748A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
construction
hydraulic
tube
application according
pressure
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EP80200114A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0024748A3 (fr
Inventor
Johannes Vincentius Van Den Berg
Harmanna Reina Teerling-Eppens
Leonard Teerling
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PROWECO BV
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PROWECO BV
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Priority claimed from NL7900988A external-priority patent/NL7900988A/nl
Priority claimed from NL7901395A external-priority patent/NL7901395A/nl
Priority claimed from NL7904427A external-priority patent/NL7904427A/nl
Priority claimed from NL7904566A external-priority patent/NL7904566A/nl
Priority claimed from NL7906784A external-priority patent/NL7906784A/nl
Application filed by PROWECO BV filed Critical PROWECO BV
Priority to NL8002517A priority Critical patent/NL8002517A/nl
Priority to NL8100028A priority patent/NL8100028A/nl
Publication of EP0024748A2 publication Critical patent/EP0024748A2/fr
Publication of EP0024748A3 publication Critical patent/EP0024748A3/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
    • F15B21/12—Fluid oscillators or pulse generators
    • F15B21/125—Fluid oscillators or pulse generators by means of a rotating valve
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/18—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency wherein the vibrator is actuated by pressure fluid
    • B06B1/183—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency wherein the vibrator is actuated by pressure fluid operating with reciprocating masses
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02—Placing by driving
    • E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers
    • E02D7/10—Power-driven drivers with pressure-actuated hammer, i.e. the pressure fluid acting directly on the hammer structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
    • F15B21/12—Fluid oscillators or pulse generators

Definitions

  • the invention refers to the construction and/or application in relation to the generation and/or the use of pressures, forces, flows and movements in and by means of hydraulic or hydro-pneumatic systems.
  • the pressures and the hydraulic currents corresponding herewith concern hydraulic impulse- and alternativeating currents.
  • the forces and the movements corresponding herewith refer to pendular movements, perodical impulses and vibrations wheel are generated either directly or by means of a hydraulic motor.
  • the application of hydraulics is combined with pneumatics.
  • these pressures, forces, currents and/or vibrations will, for shortness sake, be named "Dynamic Phenomena", shortened to D.P.
  • DP making use of hydraulics, used to be based first of all on the application of alternating current (A.C.) where a linear motor was driven by a hydraulic A.C.; or impulse current.
  • A.C. alternating current
  • pulsating currents are generated either directly by a hydraulic pump in which the pattern of the current or the pressure of the hydraulic alternating current corresponds with the movement of the pushing part of the pump or by transformation of a quasi- static, hydraulic current in an pulsing or alternating current.
  • the transformation of a quasi-static into an alternating current is brought about by using a control valve. This may be a linearly moving valve or a rotating valve as well as a so-called servo valve.
  • D.P. are applied for the transport or separation of materials in a shaker conveyer or a vibrating stai- ner by which for the generation of D.P. mostly the so called vibration-motors are used, i.e. mechanical drive.
  • the drive with vibrationmotors presents the difficulty of generating a vibration-pattern which matches with the exigencies of the case in question. Therefore one prefers working with the direction of vibration instead of the pattern of the vibration. In general it is not possible to switch such a system over to an other frequency.
  • the sound-level of vibration-motors also presents difficulties. The same is the case with the sound generated by the displaced material because the movement is not optimal.
  • Granular materials with a 7 a 8 percentage of water are compacted actively and with relatively little energy by exercising large acceleration and deceleration forces on the material, by means of shocks or pushes.
  • the compaction grows with a growing number of strokes. Therefore the numer of strokes per unit of time determines the cycle-time of this founding process.
  • Rollers for reducing waste are often driven by a hydro-motor; when too large or too tough pieces in an unfavorable function are blocking the roller, it has to be stopped and turned back, in order to be able to remove the obstacles or to grind them in a more favourable position.
  • To day's soil compaction machines are based on the application of eccentrie-constructions, driven by a hydro- or a combustion motor.
  • the objection to this motor is the fact that in practice it is less broadly regulable, the pattern of the vibration is not adapted to the compaction mechanism where as the hammering-power of the machine is completely linked to the frequency so that it is not possible to excercise a relatively great hammering power in case of low frequencies as well.
  • the construction of the existing vibrator rams is principally mechanical. They are based on the application of an eccentric which is driven electrically or hydraulically.
  • the pattern of the hydraulic drive is adapted to the movement of the ram. Therefore it is necessary to follow the movement of the ram by means of measure- and controlmechanisms.
  • the objection to such a procedure is the fact that the vulnerability of the measure- and controlmechanism is considerable to the vehement shocks occu- rinq in a ram mechanism.
  • the equipment generating the D.P. can work according to two different main principles and is subdivided into a number of additional principles. For convenience sake a number of these principles have a fictitious name.
  • Method of composition In this method a volume driven system is applied by which the pattern of the flow is determined either by applying one or more pumps of equal or of different capacity or one pump only with different flow-feed elements of equal or different capacity. Now the desired pattern of the flow is determined by the sequence in which the different pump deliver their flow or the plunger parts of the pump deliver their volume (see fig.2) in which examples of schemes and constructions are given.
  • This method offers the advantage of faicing the volume flow and independance of the load, but it misses some of the advantages of other methods.
  • one or more hydraulic sets (4.49) must be available each of which supplies an adjustable hydraulic pressure and each is connected to an accumulator which can take in or release a quantity of liquid which at least corresponds with the total volume of one period of the hydraulic current, in other words about the contents of the maximal piston stroke of one period multiplied by the useful piston surface.
  • the accumulator must also possess of a charging and discharging speed of a number of liters per minute, which corresponds to the maximal piston speed multiplied by the useful surface of the piston.
  • the pump can be replaced by a connection to the tank via a pressureregulator (4.34).
  • a control valve which periodically and separately connects the hydraulic sets with the same (active) cylinder port. It is advisable to place accumulators as near as possible to the locking point of the control valve at the side of the hydraulic sets, in order to buffer peaks of pressure when the control-valve closes (4.43).
  • the pipes should be as short as possible and be dimensioned to the flow, corresponding with the maximal piston-speed.
  • a second advantage of this method is the fact that although a hydraulic spring-system is concerned, the necessary energy is nevertheless generated by the spring itself. The fact is that the balance of energy is maintained by the gradual discharge of a quantity of hydraulic fluid over the pressure control valve to the tank.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the relation between total energy capacity (1.10) and the consumed energy (1.11).
  • the return movement of the piston can be maintained either by the load process itself, by a mechanical spring or by a hydraulic spring system consisting of an accumulator (.42) and an pressure relief valve for the draining of leakage to the tank.
  • An alternative for the invention is given in fig. 6 in which adouble operation cylinder is driven differentially which leads to a simplification of the hydraulic circuit. :
  • the invention also provides the possibility to maintain the movement on the passive side of the piston by means of a pneumatic propulsion.
  • An important part of the invention in relation to the pneumatic propulsion is the construction of an airfluidblock, preventing that in case of leakage air penetrates into the hydraulic circuit. According to fig. 104 and 106 this lock can be fitted either to the piston or to the cylinder wall.
  • the invention provides a rotating control valve which is adjustable for manipulating the right position of the piston.
  • the frequency is now regulated in a simple way by the number of revolutions of the rotating valve.
  • the main regulation of the relation between the times of opening has to correspond with the adjustment of the pressures of the hydraulic sets.
  • the exact position and the couplingback of the movement of the piston can be attained either by hand or electricaly, pneumaticly or hydraulically way, by regulating in detail the adjustment of the rotating control valve, or via an extra valve (see fig. 18A en 18B).
  • the rotating valve was composed of a cylindrial hai- sing and a rotor, whereas the German patent class 60A 21-12, number 1957-3A, dated 15.11.1973 mentions an adjustibility of the rotor by means of a lever.
  • the constructions of the rotating control valve includes the following innovations :
  • the position of the vanes can be adjustable by centrifugal control so that an automatic regulation of revolutions is brought about (see fig.13).
  • the invention of the universal generator also ccmprimes the design of grooves and openings in the rotor, the bushes or in the housing.
  • the invention also invalves a special construction of a rotating control valve in which the possibility that the hydraulic flow streams through the openings and gates perpendicalanly to the rotationel prevented.
  • the generator can at one side be integrated with a hydraulic linear motor whereas at the other side the accumulators are mounted. Moreover it is possible that these accumulators, as piston accumulators, are integrated with the generator. With this construction, considerable oil flows are possible.
  • the adjustment of the opening (diaphragm) is possible by fixing an extra diaphragm which can be rotated with regard to the no-moving part of the diaphragm but does not move with the revolving part of the generator.
  • the D.P. are generated by means of the so-called “mass movement reactor", (M.M.R.)
  • M.M.R. mass movement reactor
  • kinetic energy is built up by setting a mass in a gradually accelerating movement until sufficient kinetic energy has been generated, after this the mass is decellerated again in such a way that the energy which comes free on account of the modification of this speed, is transferred on a hydraulic system.
  • the hydraulic energy built up in this way can be applied either directly in the form of a reactiopower on one of the wall bottoms or a vessel or cylinder (reaction) or in the form of the propulsion of other hydraulic components.
  • a mass (nr. 20.17 fig. 20) is brought into a linear accelerated movement until sufficient energy (1/2 mv2) has been built up.
  • the mass can be driven by a linear hydraulic or pneumatic motor, nr. 20.12.
  • the mass has to be connected with a plunger nr. 20.25 in a cylinder or vessel, which plunger displaces a hydraulic medium, called "oil" for the sake of simplicity.
  • the plunger in the vessel or cylinder should meet as little resistance as possible when pushing away the oil.
  • the procedure of the sudden braking of the washing around of the oil can either be achieved by the construction of the plunger itself, (see fig. 21B, 22, 24A) or by an automatically functioning valve- construction (see fig. 25) or by a control construction or can be activated by a combination of those possibilities.
  • space nr. 20.22 further on to be called compression chamber is completely blocked, the distance travelled by the mass after apllication of the brake is determined by the compressibility of the oil and the stiffness of the construction and the oil pressure will in most of cases rise until a uncontrolable height.
  • the process taking place by the breaking of the mass can be used either for the building up of oil pressure on a wall (5.28) of the vessel or of a cylinder, by which a reactions force arises, or for a. relative short driving of a hydraulic component under high pressure. In both cases it is useful to regulate the height of the oil pressure and also length of the deceleration way by connecting an accumulator with the pressure chamber.
  • accumulators further one to be called brake accumulators
  • nr. 20.45 should have sufficient capacity to be able to take in a quantity of oil equal to the surface of the plunger, multiplied by the extended distance, travelled after the application of the brake.
  • the absorbtion speed of the accumulator should be greater than or equal to the flow determined by the service of the plunger, multiplied by the maximum speed of this plunger.
  • acceleration accumulator however are to be provided with a valve which is closed when the pressure in the pressure chamber is low and which is opened in case of high pressure at the moment before the brake accumulators are discharged.
  • this valve (fig. 26) which operates in such a way that the connection between acceleration accumulat and the pressure chamber is opened and closed at the right moment. It is to be noticed that a too longlasting opening of the valve will cause an exorbitant loss of energy by the flowing off of the oil to the wash and pressure spaces.
  • a one-off propulsion of the mass in opposite direction is necessary by either a sudden opening of the valve of the acceleration accumulator, by a pressure impulse or by a mechanical movement of this valve (see fig.32).
  • the invention provides a possibility of fixing the propulsion of the mass inside the vessel, by which a more closed construction will be created. It is also possible to construct the plunger and the mass as one part (fig. 27a).
  • the invention provides possibility to fix the propulsion either inside the plunger, which now has relatively dimen- siong, or on the outside O C this plunger (see resp.figs.29 and 30)
  • a present nvention in is useful to provide a very reliable cons ruction of the bearing of this plunger and the mass. Therefore the application of a hydro-static bearing with wed- shaped-slot-bearings (wigspleetlagers) is part of the invention.
  • the impact jack can be used as an apparatus for the sudden application of an impact, however only in the case the acceleration accumulator can be induced to discharge by a pressure impulse or a mechanical opening of the valve.
  • the braking- and acceleration accumulators can be combined in one system, provided that it is possible to avoid a complete charging of this single accumulator, because in that case the system would loose its elasticity. In the examples (fig. 35) constructions of combined accumulators are shown.
  • This application provides for the fixing of hydraulic tubes which have a large sidewards expansion at high pressures. Thanks to the possibility of creating relatively large flows the liquid will start a vehement movement to the rather great expansion of the tubes. This movenent can be controlled by the pattern of the D.P.
  • Test- have indicated that besides the place of grains in a liquid also the position of air bubbles in a liquid can be influenced by means of D.P.
  • D.P When hydraulically expandable tubes are placed in a liquid and the right pattern of vibration is generated, the air bubbles will not simply rise from the liquid but can be directed to the bottom or to certain points, in general the nodal points of the vibration. Because the airbubbles also make a vibrating motion, the absorption of e.g. oxigen out of the air to the liquid,of the airing of the liquid in a purification plant, is relatively very high.
  • the invention meets the application of D.P. to provides the motion of a shaking conveyor or a shaking table.
  • D.P. By application of the right frequencies and the right subdividing of the acel- eration will by different accel in the one and the other direction of a conveyor, the materials start moving in a certain direction. Also the movement of smaller and bigger materials will be different on account of which a separating effect arises.
  • the invention provides an application bringing a flowing liquid into a tube nr. 46.67 wherein the liquid flows rather slowly and is kept under a low pressure (see fig.46).
  • the tube nr. 46.67 called shaking tube, is brought sideways in vibration so the liquid is forced to vibrate in the same way.
  • This vibration is now executed in a very asammetrical way, i.e. a very strong acceleration in one direction and a small one in the other. Due to the inertial force and the resistance of the grains in the liquids, these grains will move towards one side of the tube. Either the liquid with grains will be more concentrated or grains of different diameter can be separated by placing different shaking tubes in series and dividing them into compartments (fig.47) (see furthermore the examples of construction).
  • the invention provides the application of a by a D.P. driven linear motor which activates a vibration of a relatively high amplitude and a relatively highfrequency.
  • a prestressing bar will either before, or after the prestressing be braught into the vibrations, (see fig. 50b) which causes a diminution of the friction by the dynamic effect and also, by application of a vibration of such a frequency that a longitudinal wave permits a better transmission over the length of the bar (see fig. 50c).
  • a spanjack which is driven by means of a D.P. or to span with a traditional spanjack which rests on a hollow cylinder, which cylinder is brought into vibration by a alternating current with a relatively high amplitude (fig.5la) or by applying a vibration motor of the eccentric type (fig. 51b). Because of the effect of the vibration the pre-tentsion in the spanjack will diminish. After that the reinforcement has to be poststressed unless a higher pre-tension is realised in advanced condidering the final situation (fig. 51c).
  • the material that has to be ccmpacted will be moved, together with the upper- and underplate, resp. the floor and the stamp, mostly up and down, in the matric.
  • the floor and the stamp will be controlled by applying a D.P.
  • the grains are in vibration to reduce the internal friction whereby they can displace themselves to a better position density
  • An advantage of this invention is that the acting D.P. can be adjusted to the demands of the material to be compacted by the possibility of controlling these D.P. Where in the past hammering was needed, now it is possible by means of aixilable D.P.
  • the invention provides the driving of the hydro-motor of the refuse crush roller with a hydraulic alternating current of an asymmetrical character.
  • the rotating movement is sketched linear and the movement is comparable to the vibratin motion of the piston of a linear motor.
  • the vibrating drive of the hydro-motor is only plied at a moment in which the motor coupling usis above a certain value, i.e. at the moment that the roller is about to get stuck.
  • the invention provides a hydraulic or hydro-pneumatic drive for the press for punching, pressing of bushes or rings, reforming of metal or such with D.P.
  • the advantage of the modulated pressing is that the dynamic effect of the masse's which follow the movement of the stamp cooperate enlarge the pressing force.
  • the vibration of the workpiece can be an advantage provided that it is in the right frequency. Also vibrations could be useful if they have high frequency that the material structure will be attacked. The impact of the mass of the vibrating stamp as well the lower pressure required by the vibrations achieve that the much more economic construction of the press.
  • the invention provides for the construction of a soil compacting- machine that consists of a impactplate nr. 57.17 which with the help of a singly working linear motor is connected to a mass called ballast nr. 57.18.
  • the linear motor is driven from the bottom the side of the impactplate, by a strongly asymmetric vibration.
  • the pattern of the D.P. has to be regulated in such a way that the ballast is accelerated in a fixed time by the acceleration of gravity and during a relatively much shorter time to a large upwards acceleration. Considering the highest position of the ballast, the following pattern of movement is valid.
  • the ballast drops till it reaches its maximum speed at which moment the singing acting cylinder exercises a relatively large force on the ballast, which is decelerated.
  • the impactplate undergoes an accelleration with the character of a thrust.
  • This causes an upwards motion of the ballast while the high pressure in the cylinder will be stopped at the moment that the ballast has sufficient velosity to reach its previous point.of departure in spite of the gravity.
  • the soil under the impactplate undergoes an impact which leads to compaction and a downward elastic movement.
  • the machine works optimally when the frequency is adjusted in such a way that the impact on the soil resonantes with the resonance frequency of the soil.
  • An alternate to the construction of the vibrating machine is the application of a mass motion reactor which rests on an impact plate.
  • the vibrating ram The vibrating ram.
  • the invention of the vibrating ram accords in many points with the soil compactor, with the difference that the machine now is coupled to the workpiece.
  • the pile vibrating ram exists out of a pileshoe nr 8.75 which is coupled to the pile or sheetpile by a hydraulic clamp.
  • a linear motor nr 58.14 which drives a mass here after on called ballast nr 58.18.
  • the lineair motor is driven with D.P. This enables a high amplitude and a pattern of motion and acceleration that is useful for penetration. Since the weight of the pile, including the shoe is relatively large, in many cases even heavier than that of the ballast, the case exists of a mass spring system with three masse's and two springs.
  • the invention enables the adjustment of the uppermass and spring- system (D.P.) in such a way that an optimal vibration is generated.
  • This causes a movement of the pile just in fase or antifase with the movement of the soil while the pile has an unimportant upward swing in relation to the normal surface of the ground.
  • the advantage of this invention is that the movements are much more adjustable than in the case of the traditional pile-vibrator based on the construction of the eccentric. It is obvious that with the asymmetrical vibration the cyclic load through the pile on the earth is much larger than the maximum possible cyclic load with traditional pile-vibrator.
  • An alternative manner of construction of this invention concerns the application of a mass motion reactor instead of a linear motor with ballast in which the deceleration of the moving mass takes place less abruptly than usual.
  • a vibration is a very asymmetricaly and has a shocking character. See also the chapter on the vibration and remblock.
  • a sampler nr. 59.76 is driven by a linear motor nr. 59.14 in connection with a ballast nr. 59.18.
  • This construction also is comparable to a vibrating pile driver.
  • Charatiristic is that the patternof penetrating the tube is of much more importance than the velosity. The penetration has to be provided in such a way that the sample which enters the tube is damaged as little as possible. Therefore the linear motor should be driven by D.P. in such a manner that the sample in the tube moves as much as possible in the direction of sampling and is not disterbed by shaking. Tests have shown that the length of the sample can reach 90% of the original length of the original soil, while by.sampling with rams the length of such a sample can be reduced to 70% or 50%.
  • the object of this invitation is to simulate the loads which exist at the moment of passing of a mobile weight over the pavement, such as a automobil an airplane or a wheel of a train over the rails, and also to repeat a rather large number of load passings in a rather short time. This removes the objection of the testmethods nowadays, where it is not possible to consider the horizontal velosity of a mobile load.
  • the invention aims to simulate this phenomen by aplying at the time to a force equal to the wheel load with a direction of time of the distance AB divided by the velosity (see 79b). Next the same load is immediately after that moment placed at point B during a time equal to the velosity divided by the distance AB. This is next repeated at C etc.
  • This system simulates not only the dimension of the wheelload but also the horizontal movement of the wheel. Such a load gives .an impulse on this part of the pavement which causes a damping vibration.
  • the invention provides to acuate a second load on the pavement as soon as the former impulse is damped according to a second wheelload corresponding to the passing of the plane.
  • the invention consists of the placement of two ord more stamps on the pavement connect cleanly, and which have an area equal to that of the tire of a plane or another vehicle and which actuates a load equal to the load of that wheel.
  • the time span of the load is now adjusted to equal the sojourn of the wheel in the area of the stamp, while immediately after that the next stamp is loaded just a moment after which corresponds to the velosity of the passing wheel.
  • a series of such loadings over a number of stamps is called a "passage" for short.
  • a second series of loadings is activated which corresponds to the second passage and so on.
  • the load is to be realised using a D.P. either with the help of a mass motion reactor or a linear motor controlled by a hydraulic pulsing current. See further the examples of construction.
  • the advantage is that the load to be used for penetration and for overcaning the friction along a tube of a respectable length takes hold on the front side of the tube or on some intermediate points and on the other hand that by using D.P. friction caused by the displacement of the tube through the soil is diminished.
  • the next advantage of using the D.P. is that it is not necessary to have a construction such as the wall of a trech available to catch the reactionforce caused by static pressing of the tube.
  • the "further penetration of an oblong object (tube) in the soil” is called “penetration” and the "displacement of the front of the tube, the hole-tube of particie of the tube” is called “displacement”.
  • the removemal of the soil can be achieved by traditional methods; among others, drilling and flush augering.
  • the invention provides the use of D.P. in form of a mass motion reactor or a linear motor controlled with an extreme impulse pattern alternating current (see distribution method or kinetic method), or an air rocket.
  • the force whicl can be developped by a mass movement reactor is in many cases sufficient to push the soil aside.
  • An important part of the invention is a anchoring construction.
  • This construction consists out of a tube which can be anchored to the wall of the hole by a expansian body; an axial displacement is thus avoided.
  • the same tubes could also be provided with a expansian body to anchor the tube which is to put into the soil or to anchor the structure to the tube. (see further the example of construction).
  • the crowding-machine nr. 55 can be used for the penetration besides for the displacement, or dragging of the tube.
  • Another possibility is to displace the tube or the parts of the tube by linear motors placed on tube parts which cause a vibrating or schocking displacement by D.P. (see fig. 68A up to D).
  • a rammachine,an air rocket or a mass motion reactor that will for brevity be called “penetration-unit” and that may cause excessive stresspeaks in the tube structure behind is possible to operate as follows : first the penetration unit is disconnected so that it can slide into the system behind,. (see fig.69d). Then the penetration will be set to work till a penetration of 1/2m or 1 m is reached. Next a displacement unit has be put into operation whereby the tube is pulled by one or more linear motors. It is to be noticed that in this case only the friction has to be overcane.
  • the tube is divided in to a number of pieces between which pieces the displacement units nr. (..58) are placed.
  • those diverse displacement units D.P. are activated in such a way that the different tube parts together form a axial longitudinal a symmetric wave which results in a cyclic loading between tube and soil and so the tube will displace itself axially.
  • An advantage of the invention in question is that it is possible to prevent the head of the tube from deviating from a straight line or purposely can be steered according to a special pattern.
  • To achieve this there are placed in the neighbourhood of the front of the tube one or more steering units.
  • These steering units consist of 4 linear motors or of a hollow cylinder divided into four compartments or out of four flexible bellows or one bellows construction divided into four compartments.
  • This invention has the advantage that the same machine can be used as vibrator or as impact pile driver.
  • the machine consists of a double acting mass motion reactor which is regulated in such a way that the D.P. are to be compaired with a double acting shockwise vibration, or is regulated in such a way that the driver acts in one direction as a driving ram and in the other direction only as a weak'impulse vibration.
  • the invention also provides the using of D.P. where a combination of vibration and impact will be formed, this means a number of vibrations followed by an impact. The aim of the vibrations is to supply a motion to the pile and the soil to reduce the friction at the moment of penetration.
  • Fig. 2 gives an example in which one pump is uses with a capacity of 1 Q and another pump with a capacity of 2 Q.
  • Fig. 2 gives the principle of a hydraulic scheme, where a six-position controlvalve is used.
  • Fig. 2b gives a block diagram of the flow pattern. This pattern should approximate the slope line as much as possible.
  • the pumps can only deliver their capacity in the system for a part of time. Therefore it is necessary to construct the control valve to permit the pump to circulate to the tank, at the other times so there is no energy lost. Furthermore it is useful to place relatively small accumulators in the circuit between the pumps and the point of locking of the control valve to suppress the shock at the moment the control valve closes.
  • Fig. 3a gives a hydraulic scheme where a pump is used with cylinders of different capacities here there are three plungers which realise three different cylinder capacitie.
  • the volume of the stroke and the timing of the plunger has to be regulated, e.g. by the construction of three different cams.
  • fig. 3b and 3c where a diagram is given of the flow brought about by the three plungers as a function of time. As th ⁇ volumes are fixed by the cams, only a simple distribution valve will be sufficient. Also in this case it is usefull to buffer pressure shocks in the system with a small accumulator.
  • Fig. 4 shows an example of an hydraulic scheme relating to the control of the active side of a piston.
  • the accumulator nr.4.42 supplie the needed large flows for feeding the cylinder, the accumulator nr.4.43 buffers the pressure peak at the moment the circuit is closed by the valve.
  • FIG. 4a illustrates a scheme in the case it is usefull to activate three different pressures on the active side of the cilinder instead of two.
  • Fig. 5A illustrates a hydraulic sheme on the passive sive of the cilinder, which operates as a hydraulic spring. In general it is possible to omit the pump because in most of vases there is a supply of oil-leak in the direction of hydraulic spring.
  • Fig. 5A illustrates an example where a pneumatic springsystem is used. The needed pressure in the springsystem is supplied by using a gas bottle (5.50) and a reducing valve (5.36).
  • the hydraulic or pneumatic spring could be repleaced by a mechanical spring or the loadsystem itself, in the case that this loadsystem has sufficient elasticity.
  • the spring force is not constant and so there are aberations of the ideal pattern vibration, which is illustrated in fig. 1. It's always necessary to adjust the wished pattern by a good choice of the pressure in the high pressure circuit and to adjust the proportions in the time of opening of the control-valve of the high pressure and low pressure circuit.
  • port 4 H resp. port 4 L On port 4 H resp. port 4 L.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates an example of an hydraulic sheme where:the supply of the cilinder operates on a different base. Where the flow of energy blows from port 6H to port 6L, it is possible to substitute the pump in the low pressure-circuit by the thank over a pressure-control.
  • the fig. 5 and 6 illustrates a symbollic method to indicate the control of the valve, as a matter of fact by a circle which is devided by two or more radius into two or more segments. As a point travels along hole this circle it means a full period of control of the valve. The two ore more segments. of the circle represent two or more positions of the valve. The dotted line illustrates which position of the valve is related with the segment. So it is possibly to see that the openingti-.
  • the fig. on page 11 illustrates a alternative excecution of a D.P. with a-symmetrial shock-movement.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates a number of constructionexamples of the housing of an rotating control-valve.
  • Fig. 8 gives an example of a rotating valve where three bushes are placed. These bushes can be slided or rotated, independed, to another, in lineair, or resp., in circulair direction.
  • Fig. 9 gives an example of the sliding of the bush, with the use of a servo-cilinder, fig. 9b of generating a hydraulic pressure on the side of the bush.
  • Fig. 9c illustrates a hydraulic controlled movement of the bush actuated by the mechanical movement of the plunger of a cylinder.
  • Fig. lOa illustrates an example of a planetary gear driven bush.
  • Fig. 10c illustrates a direct driven bush. It seams as has the generator an supplementary hollow rotor.
  • Such a construction, with two rotating bushes, could be used to omit a number of periods or phases out of a periodical D.P.
  • the rotor and the bush has different speeds and relatively few parts, only on special moments, the openings will coincidate and only then, an impuls will be produced.
  • Such a construction is usefull to generate very fast opening of the ports on relatively low frequenties, p .e. by using D.P. for simulating loads on pavements (see the cor- respondening chapter).
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a rotor with can be adjusted telescopicly.
  • Fig; 12 illustrates a bush with is driven by the rotor using a key, but axial is moveble by means of differences in hydraulic pressures.
  • Fig. 13 shows a vane driven rotor, with automatic control of speed of revolutions.
  • a very important construction of the generator exists in construction of triangular grooves in the rotor, as shown in fig. 14a and in the detail fig. 14b.
  • Fig. 14c give a detail of the influence of the sollution of the bush when this is used as a device to control a two way system.
  • Fig. 14d illustrates a rollation where triangular holes are made in the bush and a hollow rotor is used. So the oil flow out of the ports in the rotor, through the bush and through the ports in the housing.
  • Fig. 15 shows more details over the application of a twoway system where by sliding or by rotating of the bush the coordination of the two systems can be effected.
  • Fig. 16a illustrates a:detail of the operation of the rotating controlvalve in dependence to the number of connections during one revolution.
  • Fig. 16b illustrates a unequal time of opening of fase I in relation to fase II on application of 4 half or entire revolutions pro period.
  • Fig. 16b illustrates the direction of the flow and the position of the valve, as well in fase I, as fase II.
  • Fig. 17a gives the construction of the grooves of the rotor, on behalf of a certain composition method, of which the principal is illustrated in fig. 2.
  • Fig. 17b illustrated a more complex-constructions of the grooves. For the further construction of the generator can be noticed some special applications of the P. and other figures.
  • Fig. 19 illustrates examples of constructions of a rotating control valve to which is given all resistance against flow on behalf of a linear, or nearly lineair flow through. There is also played attention to the possibility of compact assembly, direct on the cilinder and a direct assemblence of the accumulators.
  • fig. 19a is the flow perfect linear and are the ports acting as diafragmas.
  • Fig. 19b shows a detail of the principal where diafragmas are adjustuble to manipulate the proportions between the times of opening.of the flowtimes are illustrated in detail 19c. More simply it is to maintain a fixed proportion of openingtimes as illustrated in fig. 19d, where it is possibly to determine the proportions on behalf of changeble pieces.
  • This generator is usefull in cases where only a modulated flow is needed, c.q. a piston has to travel in one direction under vibration. An accurate adjustment of'the motion of the piston will then not be so important. Now it is possible to make a overall adjustment of the a-symmetry by making a choice of a fixed proportion in opening times, meanwhile ther is yet a coarse regulation by Surveyng the height of the high and low pressions. For accumulators could eventually be used piston accumulators or special constructed break or accelerate accumulators, as mentioned by the mass motion reactor.
  • Hydropneumatic control as illustrated in fig. lOla and lOlb consists of more separated cilinders.
  • the piston 3 liffts the vibrating table.
  • the pistons 5 however will be liffted also because the are in connection with the vibrating table 4. This results in an compression of the air in colonies 6.
  • Fig. lOlb illustrates the same configuration, but with the diffence, that here no air is compressed but a vacuum is caused in chamber nine.
  • the downwards movement pulls the vacuum at piston five and so causes the now possitif admosferical pressure on the side of eleven the greater downwards velosity.
  • Fig. 102 demonstrates construction in order to the matching according to fig. lb by applicating one piston and two cilinders placed in one line behind another.
  • This piston has two diameters 13 + 14, here the ring shaped surface 12 forms the surface, effective to the hydraulic liquid in chamber one on behalf of the upwards movement.
  • the vacuum in chamber 9 is caused by the effectif surface five. Ther is no need of a separation space or airlocking, because of the possibility of escaping of the leakoil, by one way valve.
  • the hydraulic liquid in chamber one pushes the piston 16 upwards, by which air is compressed in chamber 6. Leakoil and escaped air will qather in the separation chamber 17 and will be discharged by the leak conductor 18. Also in this case the oneway valve seven realises the supply of air.
  • Fig. 104 illustrated a construction where the invention applies one piston 19 and one cilinder 20.
  • the construction 21 is a separation chamber 17 created, where it is possible to discharge leakoil and air by means of the leak conductor 18 or via an intern leak- conductor 22.
  • Fig. 105 is the design of an construction of two cilinders according to fig. 104, applicated in an ram or stamconstruc- tion, where a ram 23 is housted before falling at the anvils 24.
  • Fig. 106 illustrates a otherwise construction of the airlocking.
  • a ringshape channel 25 is placed in the cilinder- wall and so the piston 26 is perfect smooth.
  • Fig. 107 is the principal of a ramconstruction where a airlock according to the before mentionned constructions is not needed.
  • the onestrook hydraulic cilinder 27 pushes the ram 23 upwards. Air is compressed in chamber 28 by the piston 29 which is fixed to the housing of the ramconstrution the oneway valve.
  • the one way valve 31 pro- fides open air supplies in case of air leakage.
  • fig.108 is shown how the maximum compression in the chamber 32 can be variated by using one of more extra air-containers 33 by opening up the tapes 34.
  • Tape 35 is able to reduce the maximum airpressure, by the pressureregulator 36 it can be ingrased increased again.
  • One application of the invention is a ram- or stampconstruction as shown in fig.109.
  • the hydraulic liquid in chamber 37 pushes the piston 38, at the same time ram, upwards, by which means the air in chamber 39 will be compressed.
  • the separation chambers 40 is usfull to prevent the mixing of air and oil.
  • By expanding cq. decompressing, of chamber 39 the piston 38 will hit the envil .41.
  • the necessary aircompressor has a dubbel function.
  • Fig. 112 illustrates a sheme of a hydraulic driven part of the hydro-pneumatic cilinder where a rotating controlvalve 50 is applicated, driven by a hydraulic motor or airmotor 53. They oil is supplied from the hydraulic set of the rotating valves 50 by a conductor 56. In the conductor 51 who is spliting in the conductors 52, in the case of 2 cilynders, flows an hydraulic alternating current.
  • the accumulator nr 54 collects the oil of the pump during the downward movement of the piston and buffers at the same moment the hydraulic pressure-peaks.
  • Fig. 113 shows a sheme of a construction, that is comparable with fig. lOlb and while his application is comparable, as far as its concerns the air-part, with fig. 108 or fig. llOb.
  • this construction is not made use of separated compressorcilinders but so called air-bellows 58. In practice of technique this air-bellows are know among others as air-springs in autobushes, or clamingcilinders in industrial applications, or as buffers under vibrating machines.
  • Conductor 60 ables to bring the bellows under a primelavy adjusted pressure.
  • bellows instead of bellows also airfilled synthetic bellows can be used.
  • fig.114 is the invention and application illustrated in a shock-installation, on behalf of the compaction of grain mixtures, as concrete.
  • the compression-cilinder 65 can be hold by conductor 60 under pression on the same manner as by fig.113. It is also possible to use more air-bellows in line, or an air ba- loon, instead of a compression-cilinder.
  • the compression-cilinder or bellow has in this application a double function, even as in other mentioned applications, to provide the return, or downward movement, but also to provide in this specific application a constant adjustable underload on the grainy mixture. This prevents the demixing and reducing, of the allready realised compaction.
  • a granular mixture 66 is clampt between a vibration table c.q. un- serstamp 61, fixed with the piston 3, of the hydraulic part and the upperstamp 62, fixed with the piston 5 of the compression cilinder 65.
  • the granular mixture 66 is on the sides supported by a mould 63 which is strongly connected to the frame, in rest, of the construction.
  • the piston 3 accelerates the granular mixture upwards while in the meantime the, under-air-pressure loaded stamp 62, prevents the granular mixture to re-enter out of the mould 63.
  • the pos- sitive air-pressure in chamber 6 gives the upperstamp 62 and also the particals 66,61 and 3 a downwards acceleration between the vertical walls of the mould 63 which are in restposition.
  • the understamp 61 hits the rubber synthetic wooden or steel anvilknocks 64.
  • the mixture 66 endures a compaction.
  • the compression cilinder and upperstamp 62 is of importance in the invention.
  • the to the understamp 61 connected hydraulic cilinder is of a single acting, divertior of two strook type, differential acting of a double acting type.
  • Figure 20 illustrates the general scheme of a single acting mass movement reactor.
  • the fig.2l, 22 and 23 illustrate examples of the construction, on the principals as mentionned before.
  • Fig. 24a shows a construction of the plunjer and the cilinder on behalf of a vibrating ram, where, while building up of kinetical energy, short interactical impulses are activated, because of the hydraulic liquid can not flow around the plunjer for short moments, while at the end of the still going on movement a total break appears.
  • Fig. 25a untill 25h illustrate different examples of constructions of valves.
  • In fig. 25g is a well known valve used which valve has a normal application for safety sake in case of breakdown of conductors.
  • the construction of accelerating of de- calerating accumulators can be realised on two manners.
  • normal accumulators with great flow-velocity are used, bit in this case, one need many accumulators to realise a sufficient flowspeed in case of advanced dynamic effects.
  • the accelerationaccumulators has all together to be connected with one chamber which chamber has to be connected or disconnected with the compressionchamber by means of one or more valves. It seems to be more simply to construct a special accumulator with more ports which ports itself are constructed as valves of the wanted conditions.
  • a second advantage is that the shape of the accumulator can be adapted to the reactor.
  • Fig. 26a-b-c shows three different shapes, in which cases, it is even possible to applicate a hollow accumulator according to figures 26c.
  • Fig.26d gives the principals of the valve.
  • the valve should have a small mass because of the great accelaration forces working on it.
  • valve Normally the valve will be held in closed position by the oilpressure in the accumulator or by the pressure of the membrane when the accumulator is fully disloaded. As the pressure in the compression-chamber incre ases, there will be a moment, on which the valve is opening and the accumulator discharges, but in the situations where the pressures in the compression- and accumulatorchambers ar nearly equal, the valve will be held in open position by the springsforce. Only as the accumulator is fully onloaded, th valve will be closed by the membrane. In difference at fig. 26d it is recommended to equalize the surface of the valve, with the surface of the house of the accumulator, by which means the membrane becomes a flat position and the chance of demolishing the membrane has be reduced (fig.26e).
  • Fig. 32 gives the principal of construction to start up the mass movement reactor by either, to perform a pressure- impuls in the compressionchamber, that causes the opening of the valves, or by forcing one or some valves to open on mechanical hydraulical or pneumatical way while after that, pressure will be build up in the compression-chamber and all the valves will open itself. This causes the accelaration of the mass in return.
  • FIG. 28 is an example of the construction of the massmotionreactor with seperated break- and accelarationaccumulators.
  • the breakaccumulator nr 28.45 is not constructed with valves, but an immence number of holes is arranged, which holds are of such a small diameter, that the membrane cannot be demolised by belsing in those holes.
  • the mass and the plunjer are integrated and are constructed with automaticly closing controlvalves of the type of fig. 25h.
  • the plunjer will be driven in return by the spring nr 28.61.
  • the drivingcilinder 28.14 on the top of the reactor is needed for starting up the motion and/or to supply or create the kinetical energy.
  • compressed air for controlling the driving cilinder, either only the cilinderchamber nr. or also the other cilinderchamber nr.. This propulsion is then hydropneumatic.
  • a hydraulic differential control is possible as shown in fig. 28a.
  • the accumulators are taken out of consideration, but there is indicated how the mass, the plunjer and the driving can be integrated by bringin the driving cilinder of the mass an inside the mass itself.
  • fig. 29 is no-iced how this cilinder can be brought between the massa anc the wall of the reactor, while the mass is constructed hollow to admit the transportation of oil, between compression and scavenging chamber.
  • the construction fig. 30a gives an example of a pneumatic driven mass betweer the mass and the wall of the reactorcilinder.
  • This driving has the advantage that great plunjerspeed can be reached wit hout the disadvantage of the hydraulic function between mass and wall. Determining is in this case the flowvelosity through the mass.
  • FIG. 31a and 31b illustrates the example of construction of a mass-movementractor with traditional accumulators and a special valve, on behalf of the control of the accelarationaccumulators
  • Fig. 20a illustrates the hydraulic scheme.
  • the invention provides somewhere in the scavengechamber a flexible gas-container or accumulator, which container enables to enlarge suddenly the volume of the scavengingchamber.
  • Fig. 32 renders another example of construction of a hollow mass motionreactor, which can be clamped around the pile, with clampingstructure nr 32.63 by means of hydraulic clamping.
  • This application fig. 32 is matching automaticly and can be started with a lever- struction or an impulse in the compressionchamber as given in detail.
  • Fig. 33a and b renders an example of a dubbel matching construction of the massmotionreactor. Inside the mass there is constructed an auxilery driving control, including a rotable valve to swith the driving pressure. This switching matches automaticly, when pressure is build up the concerning compressionchambers, by means of a hydraulic mo- mentswitch (see scheme fig.33a).
  • Fig. 33b shows schematicly that both of the accelarationaccumulators has to be in connection with a hydraulic set. The flow of oil around the mass of the plunjer can deliver relatively much friction.
  • Fig.34a renders an example of construction where the mass and plunger can move free from the oil and on the moment of decellaration splashes in the oil. To prevent the oil from absorbing air it is better to close the surface of the oil fig.34b. This leads to more separation between systems of the ac- and decaleration from the system of controling the motion of the mass.
  • Fig.35 and 36 illustrate an example of a so called hydraulic impulsjack which only exists out of a hydraulic construction as a cilinder and piston.
  • Fig.37 illustrates an cilinder as produced by Firestone. In this case the bellow has be made ap- ted for the high pressures by reinforcing, or in the other case, it is necessary to operate with relative low pressures.
  • a one-way valve placed in the returnconductor to the tank is of importance.
  • This valve has to function in combination with the resetspring nr 35.62 in such way, that the hydraulic liquid added to the compressionchamber nr 35.22 by discharging of the exelarationaccumulator has the opportunity to return to the tank at moments when the up- perplate nr 35.28 is unloaded.
  • Fig.34b renders the combination of an impulsjack with a ramconstruction.
  • fig. 39 is illustrated a bassin nr 39.65 where hydraulic tubes are arranged with a relatif great sidewards delatation (39.66). These tubes are traded.
  • the hydraulic scheme 39b is arranged in such a way that great volumes of oil can be displaced but inminimum of energy is used.
  • the scheme is approximately equal to the fig.4 and 5.
  • the hydraulic tubes functions in this case as the accumulator from fig.5 eventually completed with a normal accumulator to prestress the system. Futhermore it is adviced to applicate a collector - which collects several tubes on behalf of reducing the flow-velocity pro tube.
  • the extra accumulator nr 39.41 is of importance to have the possibility to balance the system and to adjust the resonancefrequency.
  • the system on the actif side of the cilinder has, if possible, to be adjusted on the same resonancefrequency. Further more it could be of advantage to ballast the piston with a certain mass, in the case the mass of the hydraulic liquid in the tubes and accumulators is not sufficient to maintain a smooth movement. It is possible to make overall calculations on behalf of the dimension of the system. The exact adjustment has to be made in practice and has to be determined from case to case. The vibration of a liquid could be intensified in an important way, when the mixing base is of an elastic construction and so happens also to vibrate. Scheme 39c gives a direct connection to the collector without the cilinder.
  • the vibration has a resultant in a special (in this case vertical- direction). Owing to this agregates in the liquid will be moving in a special direction (per example downwards). Therfor the vibration has to be strong a-symmaticly (v.i.z. also fig. 37 and the description of an example of application i.c.w. the separation of granuals in the liquid).
  • Fig. 41a renders an example of construction of a cilindrical container with a tube in the middle. By the vibration the liquidcolumb will become longer and shorter, which generates a longitudinal wave. Experiments have proved that the airbubbles displaces to special points of this wave.
  • Fig. 41b illustrates a construction where the vibration of the liquid is amplificated by an extra seperation wall. Aslo here it is the best way to obtain optimal results by experiments.
  • the invention als prevents an application of D.V. directly to the liquid (see fig.42). On the top of the liquid there is applied an aircussion that refills the function of an accumulator.
  • Fig. 43 illustrates the example of construction of a conveyor.
  • the conveyor is controlled by a D.V. accordingly to fig.4 and 5.
  • the mass of the conveyor is of importance in the equation of motion.
  • a springcon- struction on the conveyor could substitute the hydraulic control of the passif side of the piston, but in that case the resonancefrequency of the system is fixed.
  • Fig.44 illustrates the control of the passif side of the piston by an hydraulic springsystem where the stiffness c.q. the resonance frequency is adjustable.
  • the conveyor has to displace only axiaal, it can be, in opposition to most of the shaking- conveyors, relatively long. This displacements of the materials is caused by a strong a-symmatically vibration of the shaking conveyor.
  • the conveyor will be controlled in longitudinal and transvertical direction by a D.V.
  • the control ina- xial direction provides the transport of the material.
  • the control in the transversal direction causes the separation of the material because of the fact that the velocity of the displacements are depending of the size of the particals.
  • Fig. 46. illustrates the application of D.P., in which case granulars in liquid are separating which causes that a part of the liquid can be discharged without granulars.
  • the liquid streams with a relative low velocity through a pipe, which pipe is sidewards in a-symmatricly vibration. To obtain a better separation the system is repeated in different steps. This system is applicated to concentrate sludge.
  • fig. 47 illustrates an application, where the liquid is separated in more liquids while every liquid has an overall dif- .ferent grainsize. This principal is comparable with fig.45. Fatigue testingmachine.
  • the application can be realised according to fig.39 when the flexible tubes are substituted by other hydraulic components, as accumulators for tubes while the liquidcontainer can be omitted.
  • the principal of fig. 43 and 44 can be applicated by substituting the shaking- conveyor by the material to be tested p.e. a spring.
  • An advar tage of the application in comparaison withe the usuble fati- gueingmachines is the variability of the patron of motion and the great applitudes.
  • Fig. 50 illustrates the principal of the application of dynamic prestressing.
  • the hydraulic scheme is to be found in fig. 4.
  • Fig.51 readers an example of the mounting of the spanjacks (51a and 51b and the spanscheme 51c.
  • Fig. 52 indicates the possibility to reduce the friction, c.q. to stimulate the moving along of the reinforcementbar.
  • the tile becomes in this configuration primely a schockload which causes almost the endcompaction.
  • the schock will be realised because of the closing of the opening 15 by the plunjer 8 in his downwards movement, which prevents the hydraulic liquid to discharge via conductor 12.
  • the breaking distance is very short. This causes not only a great increasing of the pression of the oil in chamber 10 but also a great deceleration force in the piece of molding 3.
  • the oneway valve 11 provides a quickly reentrence of the oil in the buffer where the opening 15 not yet is free by the upwards moving. By catching the impuls in an hydraulic buffer the noise is strongly reduced.
  • the hydraulic schockconstructions (buffer) are combined with the driving.
  • the construction according to fig. 204, has here the advantage of conducting the plunjer 16 which admits a smaller tolorance. Bij the conductors 13 and 14 will be charged and discharged, each on his time, volumes of oil with the required frequency.
  • Fig. 205 illustrates how by rotating of the piston 9 the oblique side 17 (torsionline) also rotates. This causes earlier or later closing of the opening 15.
  • the fig. 206a till 206e are other examples of constructions to adjust the compressionvolume 10 and so also the needed force of inerty - fig. 206a adds one or more compressionchambers 19 by the taps 20.
  • fig. 206b there are mounted different inserts of different heights.
  • Fig. 206 piston 22 and a spill 23 on behalf of adjustment.
  • fig. 206d by application of a hydraulic accumulator 24 where the gaspressure can be adjusted by the conductor 25.
  • fig. 206e the height of compression of the chamber 10 is adjusted by displacing the opening 15 by a slidable bush 18.
  • fig. 207 demonstrates a hydraulic scheme of the control.
  • the cilinder is designed as a differential control.
  • Valve 27 controles the direction of moving of the piston in cilinder 7.
  • the accumulator 28 provides the storage of energy and also the buffering of pressurepeaks in the supply conductors.
  • the accumulator 29 reduces the pressurepeaks in the supplyconductors and provides also by valve 30 a small pretension of the buffers.
  • the pressurepeaks which are caused by the suddenly breaking of the moving mass are fully catched in chamber 10 and cannot enter in the hydraulic driving system.
  • the valve 27 can be a linear hydraulic valve (servovalve or proportional valve) of the usual type or valve of the rotation type.
  • the control of the understamp 5 can be realised also very effectif. by means of a cran- rod or exenter 35 together with a pneumatic cilinder 32 ; as il lustrated in fig. 8a.
  • the controlmechanism 35 drives the piston 33 which compresses the chamber 31 in the cilinder 32.
  • the crang 43 is picked up by the one-direction coupling 44.
  • the one directioncoupling 44 locks in one direction of rotation.
  • the crang 43 will be driven by expension of the air in chamber 31 (fig.208), after reaching the upper death point, not by axe 40 but by expending air of chamber 31.
  • the crang will develop a great momentane angular velocity admitted by the one-waycoupling 44.
  • the mouldingpiece 3 (fig. 1 and 2) can now together with upper and understamp fall free with the accelaration of gravity, under superposition of the uppercilinder 2.
  • Fig. 210 illustrates a hydraulic alternator current control consisting of a single acting plunjerpump 46 with driving 35 and a single driven hydraulic cilinder 45. In the conductor 47 flows a onephase alternating current. It should be noticed that in the mechanism 35 the one-directioncoupling 44, according to fig. 209, is not necessary. On behalf of the accumulator 52, it is possible to regulate amplitude. by adjust a higher or lower gas prepressure in the accumulators. Fig.
  • Fig. 211 illustrates the possibility the unde'rstamp 5 to drive with a vibrating motor 53 of one of the constructions in trade.
  • Fig. 212 illustrates a hydraulic scheme designed on behalf of the feeding of the hydraulic buffers in the case they cannot be coupled to the hydraulic con- trolsystem of the understamp 5.
  • the accumulator 54 provides constant low supply-pressure.
  • the pressures witch 55 switches valve 58 and so 56 when the needee supply pressure is reached. Pump 59 will then be matching without pressure.
  • Fiq. 55 shows the principle of an application example for the use of the refuse crushing roller invention with the aid of d.p.
  • Fig. 55A gives an example in which the hydromotor is dri ven continuously with a hydraulic alternating current instead of a quasi static drive. The quasi static drive is thus replaced by two intermediate oil streams of unequal pressure, while the relation and timespan of both direct current impulses can be adjusted.
  • Fig. 55B shows an application in which the roller normally operates on direct current but when the limit of the coupling is exceeded, that is, the pressure in the system is too high, switches over to a pulsing flow drive.
  • the hydromotor is set up by placing an accumulator with safety valve in the reverse flow to the tank. Through this it is even possible to operate the motor with an alternating current, thus with a changing rotational direction.
  • Fig. 56 gives a construction example of a modulating press with which it is possible to stamp metal, and this with a support in place.
  • the force is exercised by a mass motion reactor no. 56.13 with a cylinder no.56.15 and serves for lifing by the mass motion reactor and for the pressing on of this with a certain pressure.
  • Fig. 56B gives an example without mass motion reactor in which the punch or press support is directly driven by a hydraulic cylinder driven by d.p. Considering that the required amplitude is relatively small, no high demands are made on the capacity of the hydraulic circuit. Testing has shown that the necessary purching or pressing force for the punching of rings is less'than 60% of the force for static punching or pressing.
  • Fig. 56A shows an example of a vibration plate for earth compaction in which the work piston is connected to the percussion plate no. 56.73 and is held in place by means of spring supports.
  • Fig. 56B shows a vibration plate on which a mass motion reactor is mounted. Stability and direction can be adjusted with the aid of support 56.74. It is noted that with this invention it is fairly simple to increase the ballast mass with the same machine and to enlarge the surface of the percussion or vibration plate, so that several types can be united in one machine in contrast to the traditional vibration plate (see fig. 56C).
  • the vibration block The vibration block.
  • a vibration block is shown schematically in fig. 58A based on the application of a linear motor controlled by d.p.
  • the block can be fixed is place on the pile or dam wall with a hydraulic Fig. 58B schematically shows a vibration block based on the principle of the mass motion reactor whereby in fact the brakeway is chosen to be fairly long. Further the vibration thrust block is referred to.
  • Fig. 59A shows the principle of sampling vibrationally whereby the sampling tube nO. 59.76, which is purposefully profiled on the underside according to the present state of technique, is driven by a linear motor which finds its reaction force in a traditional bore scaffolding which is used as ballast herewith.
  • a separate ballast which is spring suspended in the bore scaffolding (see fig.59B)
  • fig. 59C the principle of the mass motion reactor is used in aid of the sampling tube drive.
  • the mass motion reactor moves in a gliding carriage on the bore scaffolding and is vertically spring suspended, e.g., on a winch construction. This last construction is the most suitable by way of its compact structure for taking samples under water.
  • Fig.61 shows the application of the sampling tube drive with the aid of a hollow cylinder in which the tube is attached with a hydraulic clamp. This clamp is always packed when the tube has been pressured away ⁇ a half meter.
  • Fig.62 shows the construction of a tube clamp working with an expansion construction such as applied by Menard for example; herewith the clamp is in fact )controlled with a pulsing flow whereby the pressure develops at the same moment that the tube is in downward vibration.
  • the clamp relaxes on upward vibration with the consequence that the tube is automatically "packed” and the sampling can go on continuously.
  • Fig.64A shows the schematic set-up of the stressing machine no.64.80 which is a construction to transmit force to the roa surfacing.
  • the force is transmitted by a closed in sand box which is held together on the underside by a flexible membran of rubber or a similar foil.
  • Fig. 64B schematically shows th construction on which the forces generate, e.g., a linear motor driven by d.p. or a mass motion reactor no. 64.18, and al so'shows the conduction and supporting of the constructions no. 64.80 and also a weighting by which the sand boxes remain continuously pressed against the road surfacing. In order tc simulate the crossing of the wheel purposefully, the control of in this case 3 supports ought to take place accurately.
  • the time interval between the operation of the 2 supports outght to be 1/60th of a sec. This corresponds with one phase of a vibration of 30Hz.
  • the frequency of a thrust outswing is 20Hz for example, and the thrust is sufficiently swung out after 20 vibrations, then the following crossing, or in such a case the simulation of the following airplane, can begin one second later.
  • the d.p. must be dimensioned on three successive thrusts with an interval of l/30th of a second, with a repetition of the whole each second.
  • each reactor should have a swing time of + one second while the swings are 1/30th of a second after each other. It follows from this that it is necessary to control the three mass motion reactors hydraulically, and to set up this control with an adjustable system. It will take some time to have this properly set up after which the machine can run for some time but must continue to be controlled and adjusted with a stroboscope for example.
  • Fig. 79D shows the hydraulic scheme by application of 3 linear motors for which the reaction force is delivered by the above lying mass no..
  • 3 rotating control valves are now applied the axles of which are coupled, then by turning this coupling a difference in opening time of the various ports is adjusted quickly and accurately. Further, provision ought to be made whereby vibrations generated by these rotating control valves are blocked and only one vibration per secons is transmitted. This can be done by adding a rotation construction for each control valve as in fig.10 or 12, whereby the openings are so constructed that a vibration is transmitted only once per second.
  • An alternative is to insert the rotating control valve in the feed circuit of the 3 generators which open only once a second.
  • Fig.66A shows the principle of an anchoring construction against the wall of the aperture in which the tube is placed.
  • Fig. 66B shows an anchoring construction with which another tube can be firmly clamped and fig. 66C an internal as well as external anchoring construction.
  • the construction in fig. 66A can either be connected directly to a tube or to the tube head in which a penetration construction is found, whereby the anchoring construction can deliver the reaction force for the penetration.
  • Model 66B is suitable for the coupling of two tubes.
  • Model 66C can move backwards as well as forwards by means of the alternate operation of the internal and external anchoring in combination with displacement of the tube.
  • 66.56 is a tube which must give stiffness to the construction.
  • 66.57 is an expansion body.
  • This can be of a flexible material but then it must be strengthened with a reinforcement of steel threading or nylon, in order to drain the anchor force off to the tube.
  • the expansion construction on the outside can also consist of steel plates or be lined with them so thai the steel plates resist wear and absorb the anchor forces. In order to allow enlargement of the cross section the plates ought to be placed scalewise or alternatively to consist of an inside and an outside layer. (see fig.66e).
  • the expansion can take place by inflating the flexible bubble which may or may not be provided with scales as in figs.66d and e. This inflation can be done with a hydraulic fluid or with air. It is also possible to make the plates expand by the application of a number of hydraulic or pneumatic jacks with hinge construction as in fig.66f.
  • Fig. 66g shows a shelter construction whereby the tube is occupied by short cylinders or bellows all around, e.g., by Firestone. These cylinders or bellows make a good connectior with the ground and form an anchorage with a lot of roughness.
  • Fig. 67 gives an example of a displacement mechanism which normally consists of a hydraulic or pneumatic jack between two sections of tube or between two anchoring mechanisms (see resp. fig. 67a, 67b and 67c).
  • the anchoring mechanisms in the peripheral figure 67c are each connected with a tube, it is possible to move the tube in both directions provided that the piston construction is double working, or furnished with a reversing spring.
  • Fig. 67d shows the most universal construction with which tubes can be displaced in both directions and which construction can also move along the tube in both directions.
  • Fig. 68a to 68d inclusive give a number of examples of the cylinder construction, which can be single working with a reversing spring (fig.68a), or double working (fig.68b), or are aided by a bellows construction (fig.68c) which can be assembled quickly (more quickly than the metalurgic welding of tubes), or constructed with hollow bellows (fig.68d) for the transport of piping and the absorption of cross forces between the two different tube ends. In many cases it will be necessary to fit the bellows with a reversing spring which drags the hind tube section along.
  • Fig. 69 gives construction examples of a set-up in which the displacement mechanism is coupled with a crowding or cramming mechanism.
  • the crowding mechanism no.69.55 can consist of a mass motion reactor which "beats" the tube forward whereby the acceleration forces and peak tensions can be kept under control to such an extent that the reactor can be connected to the tube lying behind which is thus rammed as it were with the pile driver on the front.
  • Fig. 69b gives a construction example in which the pile driver is connected "springingly” with the tube behind through which peak thrusts are not transmitted to the tube but the spring is so taxed on jeing strained that the tube is pulled along during the petering out of the pile driver shocks.
  • Fig.69c gives an example o? a crowding meachanism with an anchoring construction (ihternil anchorage) which is connected to a displacement mechanism.
  • Fig. 69d shows a construction in'which the pile driver remains entirely separate from the system behind whereby care must be taken that the pile driver cannot fly loose from or out of the tube.
  • a mass motion reactor in front of the pile driver another pile driver can be used such as an air rocket or the like.
  • Fig.70 shows a sketch of a construction on which patent is also being applied for, in which the tube is made of flexible material, either the whole tube (fig.70a) or a combination of a rigid tube with a flexible tube around it (fig.70b).
  • this tube has different diameters by turns by pumping up the tube or by making it smaller by cross contraction when strain develops. This way the diameter is made smaller on displacement of the tube whereby friction is reduced.
  • the whole tube can also be used as an anchorage unit by causing it to expand with hydraulic or pneumatic pressure.
  • Fig.71 gives a summary of the earthworm method.
  • the tube of random length is subdivided into a number of sections, which sections are flexibly coupled to displacement constructions.
  • By putting the displacement constructions under pressure by turns the tube is displaced in the form of a longitudinal vibration.
  • a reaction force can be added at the end of the tube outside the earth, a pressure wave, whereby single working bellows without reversing constructions will suffice (see fig'. 71b).
  • the bellows ought to be driven by a hydraulic alternating current in a single piping.
  • the d.p.'s developing ii. each-bellows really must be accurately phased with respect to each othe l .
  • a generator with several constructions can be applied for this, or still better, several generators with constructions for adjusting vibration form where, however, the diverse generator rotors are coupled among themselves and are so adjustable that a fixed shifting exists among the diverse vibration patterns.
  • F ig. 71c gives an example of the hydraulic design. Since the vibration is a low frequency one, and although the amplitude must be fairly large, there is no great objection to the lenght of the piping sections because the bellows at the end of each section works as an accumulator, or alternatively is provided with an air bubble for the purpose of making the hydraulic system flexible. Every bellows construction and its piping ought to be dimensioned with a suitable frequency of its own.
  • F ig. 72 shows an example of a hydropneumatic bellows.
  • the closed bubble works as a spring.
  • Fig. 73a gives a summary of the whole system in which penetration at the head can be done by a pile driver or alternatively by a boring or washing machine. (flush auger)
  • Fig. 73b gives a construction example of the application of a pile driver coupled to a flexible tube under an initial low pressure and undergoes an important cross contraction in aid of a pulling force. After each thrust of the pile driver the strain wave runs through the tube, whereby just at those points where pull develops and the tube tends to be displaced, it becomes narrower and friction is thus destroyed. Through this a very elegant system develops.
  • Fig. 74b gives a. more elegant solution in which the tube is bent by displacement mechanisms with different compartments (see fig. 74c).
  • a horizontal tube upwards, downwards, to the right or to the left, a vertical tube northwards, southwards, eastwards or westwards.
  • Fig. 75 gives a construction example on which patent is also being applied for, and in which a mass motion reactor is applied.
  • the earth is injected with a two component fluid which hardens fairly quickly.
  • the fluids are supplied separately and injected in separate apertures in the wall of the mass motion reactor.
  • the fluids mex and harden only after injection so that blockage is out of the question.
  • the aperture wall is hardened by injection and a tube which has a smaller diameter than the mass motion reactor can be dragged along practically without friction, especially when a lubricant is put between this tube and the hardened perforated wall.
  • Fig. 76 gives a construction example of a pile driver with a large falling weight.
  • the diameter of the plunger will be considerably smaller for a relatively heavy falling weight; here the weight is placed on the outside of the mass motion reactor.
  • Fig. 43b gives an example of a ram pile driver assambled as a combination of a percussion jack and a falling weight.
  • fig. 24 can be referred to while figs. 59a and 59b show that for the generating of a vibration the mass as sho in fig. 59b is only driven up and down by the drive and not braked, while in fig. 59a a vibration is brought about which has a long brakeway, thus a weak thrust in both directions.
  • im pulses arise at regular intervals which are shut off by a thrust when the mass is at the end of its movement (see fig. 24c).
  • F ig. 78 gives an example of how tunnel shields can be driven with mass motion reactors.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
EP80200114A 1979-02-08 1980-02-08 Dispositif et/ou application en relation avec la génération ou l'utilisation de pressions, forces, écoulements et mouvements dans des et au moyen de systèmes hydrauliques ou hydro-pneumatiques Pending EP0024748A3 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8002517A NL8002517A (nl) 1980-02-08 1980-05-01 Bodemexplorator.
NL8100028A NL8100028A (nl) 1980-02-08 1981-01-06 Inrichting en werkwijze voor het aanbrengen van leidingen.

Applications Claiming Priority (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7900988A NL7900988A (nl) 1979-02-08 1979-02-08 Massabewegingsreactor.
NL7900988 1979-02-08
NL7901395 1979-02-22
NL7901395A NL7901395A (nl) 1979-02-22 1979-02-22 Universele hydraulische impuls- en wisselstroom- generator.
NL7904427 1979-06-06
NL7904427A NL7904427A (nl) 1979-01-11 1979-06-06 Dynamisch voorspannen.
NL7904566A NL7904566A (nl) 1979-06-11 1979-06-11 Heen-en-weer gaande of op-en-neer gaande inrichting, omvattende een werkzuiger in een werkcilinder.
NL7904566 1979-06-11
NL7906784 1979-09-12
NL7906784A NL7906784A (nl) 1979-06-11 1979-09-12 Inrichting en werkwijze voor het verdichten van korrelige materialen zoals o.a. keramisch materiaal en betontegels.

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EP0024748A2 true EP0024748A2 (fr) 1981-03-11
EP0024748A3 EP0024748A3 (fr) 1981-08-26

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0042919A2 (fr) * 1980-06-26 1982-01-06 Helmut Dipl.-Ing. Sieke Méthode et appareil pour travailler ou traiter des matériaux, en particulier des mélanges coulables de matières solides et des dispersions, avec des outils oscillants
US6058632A (en) * 1997-11-07 2000-05-09 Hawkins; Peter Arthur Taylor Tool holder with percussion member
CN107676317A (zh) * 2017-10-11 2018-02-09 中国长江三峡集团公司 升船机横导向功能的液压控制系统及方法
CN109026153A (zh) * 2018-08-03 2018-12-18 中国电建集团铁路建设有限公司 一种土压平衡盾构瓦斯预防控装置
CN110500335A (zh) * 2019-09-19 2019-11-26 泰安市力华液压设备有限公司 一种机械锁紧液压油缸
CN113381553A (zh) * 2021-06-18 2021-09-10 名正(浙江)电子装备有限公司 一种重型部件的安装结构及研磨机
CN113623295A (zh) * 2021-08-13 2021-11-09 中铁四局集团第四工程有限公司 一种应用于铁路跨越防护装备的分布式液压系统
CN113856799A (zh) * 2021-09-26 2021-12-31 动力博石(广东)智能装备有限公司 一种中药捣药装置与方法
AU2019377666B2 (en) * 2018-11-07 2022-01-13 Taiyuan University Of Technology Hydraulic linear impact vibration pile hammer machine
CN114593371A (zh) * 2022-03-03 2022-06-07 广东华晟安全职业评价有限公司 一种油气运输管道泄漏实时监测装置及监测方法
CN114704507A (zh) * 2022-03-14 2022-07-05 蓝箭航天空间科技股份有限公司 运载火箭半调节式蓄压器及pogo振动抑制方法
CN116382086A (zh) * 2023-04-12 2023-07-04 北京博科测试系统股份有限公司 一种针对大型伺服液压振动台系统及其级联控制方法
CN116625060A (zh) * 2023-07-25 2023-08-22 河南省双碳研究院有限公司 一种厨余垃圾挥发气体中二氧化碳液化设备

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2755898A (en) * 1953-01-12 1956-07-24 Vincent A Bell Mechanism for storing energy
FR1557449A (fr) * 1967-03-27 1969-02-14
FR2162686A2 (fr) * 1973-02-08 1973-07-20 Poclain Sa
DE2418858A1 (de) * 1974-04-19 1975-10-30 Geb Dette Ingrid Sieke Vorrichtung zur erzeugung von in hydraulischen arbeitszylindern nutzbaren druckimpulsfolgen und verfahren zur erzeugung linearer oder rotierender bewegungen mittels derartiger druckimpulsfolgen

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2755898A (en) * 1953-01-12 1956-07-24 Vincent A Bell Mechanism for storing energy
FR1557449A (fr) * 1967-03-27 1969-02-14
FR2162686A2 (fr) * 1973-02-08 1973-07-20 Poclain Sa
DE2418858A1 (de) * 1974-04-19 1975-10-30 Geb Dette Ingrid Sieke Vorrichtung zur erzeugung von in hydraulischen arbeitszylindern nutzbaren druckimpulsfolgen und verfahren zur erzeugung linearer oder rotierender bewegungen mittels derartiger druckimpulsfolgen

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
POLYTECHNISCH TIJDSCHRIFT WERKTUIGBOUW, vol. 32, no. 10, October 1977, page 594, Stam B.V.,Den Haag, NL. "Wisselstroomhydrauliek" *

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0042919A3 (en) * 1980-06-26 1982-01-13 Helmut Dipl.-Ing. Sieke Method and apparatus for working or treating materials, especially flowable solid mixtures, and dispersions with oscillating tools
EP0042919A2 (fr) * 1980-06-26 1982-01-06 Helmut Dipl.-Ing. Sieke Méthode et appareil pour travailler ou traiter des matériaux, en particulier des mélanges coulables de matières solides et des dispersions, avec des outils oscillants
US6058632A (en) * 1997-11-07 2000-05-09 Hawkins; Peter Arthur Taylor Tool holder with percussion member
CN107676317A (zh) * 2017-10-11 2018-02-09 中国长江三峡集团公司 升船机横导向功能的液压控制系统及方法
CN109026153A (zh) * 2018-08-03 2018-12-18 中国电建集团铁路建设有限公司 一种土压平衡盾构瓦斯预防控装置
AU2019377666B2 (en) * 2018-11-07 2022-01-13 Taiyuan University Of Technology Hydraulic linear impact vibration pile hammer machine
CN110500335A (zh) * 2019-09-19 2019-11-26 泰安市力华液压设备有限公司 一种机械锁紧液压油缸
CN110500335B (zh) * 2019-09-19 2024-05-10 泰安市力华液压设备有限公司 一种机械锁紧液压油缸
CN113381553A (zh) * 2021-06-18 2021-09-10 名正(浙江)电子装备有限公司 一种重型部件的安装结构及研磨机
CN113623295B (zh) * 2021-08-13 2024-01-23 中铁四局集团有限公司 一种应用于铁路跨越防护装备的分布式液压系统
CN113623295A (zh) * 2021-08-13 2021-11-09 中铁四局集团第四工程有限公司 一种应用于铁路跨越防护装备的分布式液压系统
CN113856799A (zh) * 2021-09-26 2021-12-31 动力博石(广东)智能装备有限公司 一种中药捣药装置与方法
CN114593371A (zh) * 2022-03-03 2022-06-07 广东华晟安全职业评价有限公司 一种油气运输管道泄漏实时监测装置及监测方法
CN114704507B (zh) * 2022-03-14 2023-03-28 蓝箭航天空间科技股份有限公司 运载火箭半调节式蓄压器及pogo振动抑制方法
CN114704507A (zh) * 2022-03-14 2022-07-05 蓝箭航天空间科技股份有限公司 运载火箭半调节式蓄压器及pogo振动抑制方法
CN116382086A (zh) * 2023-04-12 2023-07-04 北京博科测试系统股份有限公司 一种针对大型伺服液压振动台系统及其级联控制方法
CN116382086B (zh) * 2023-04-12 2023-09-19 北京博科测试系统股份有限公司 一种针对大型伺服液压振动台系统及其级联控制方法
CN116625060A (zh) * 2023-07-25 2023-08-22 河南省双碳研究院有限公司 一种厨余垃圾挥发气体中二氧化碳液化设备
CN116625060B (zh) * 2023-07-25 2023-09-19 河南省双碳研究院有限公司 一种厨余垃圾挥发气体中二氧化碳液化设备

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