EP0024737B1 - Detektor für die Fortbewegung eines Schrittmotors - Google Patents

Detektor für die Fortbewegung eines Schrittmotors Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0024737B1
EP0024737B1 EP80105189A EP80105189A EP0024737B1 EP 0024737 B1 EP0024737 B1 EP 0024737B1 EP 80105189 A EP80105189 A EP 80105189A EP 80105189 A EP80105189 A EP 80105189A EP 0024737 B1 EP0024737 B1 EP 0024737B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
motor
signal
pulses
period
pulse
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Expired
Application number
EP80105189A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0024737A1 (de
Inventor
Mai Tu Xuan
Marcel Jufer
André Indian Institute of Science Pittet
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SSIH Management Services SA
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Societe Suisse pour lIindustrie Horlogere Management Services SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/14—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means incorporating a stepping motor
    • G04C3/143—Means to reduce power consumption by reducing pulse width or amplitude and related problems, e.g. detection of unwanted or missing step

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for supplying a single-phase stepping motor for a timepiece arranged to control the running of the motor by a first type of bipolar pulses of small width or by a second type of pulses.
  • bipolar of greater width a train of said second type of pulse being sent to the motor if the latter has not progressed by one step in response to said first type of pulse, device comprising first means by which, after each pulse bipolar of small width of first period 0 to t i , the motor is put into open circuit during a second period t 2 to t 3 during which a first signal Ui developed at the terminals of the motor is detected.
  • a supply device of this type is known from document GB-A-2 009 464 where there is provided a circuit capable of detecting the load conditions of the motor by connecting its coil in series with a resistance of high value which then evaluates the induced voltage Ui arising in the motor winding. It is then measured whether the voltage peak collected exceeds or not a predetermined reference level.
  • the cited patent application proposes two first possible means for taking the first signal Ud developed by the current flowing through the motor coil.
  • a detection means comprises a bridge, one of the branches of which is occupied by the motor coil, one of the diagonals being supplied by the driving pulses and the other of the diagonals delivering the signal Ud.
  • Another detection means proposed by the cited application comprises a sensing coil inserted in the magnetic circuit of the motor, the voltage developed at the terminals of said coil delivering the signal Ud.
  • This signal has the advantage of eliminating the resistance bridge mentioned above. as well as the losses that it causes and if the coil has a sufficient number of turns, the voltage Ud collected will be of a more comfortable amplitude than that arising on the diagonal of the bridge.
  • it has the drawback of requiring an auxiliary coil in the magnetic circuit of the motor, which increases the construction cost and complicates the wiring of the watch.
  • the invention which will be described aims firstly at reducing the consumption of the timepiece. It can be seen that a watch micromotor generally works almost empty. However, to ensure proper operation in special cases such as temperature variation, external magnetic field, shock, angular acceleration, etc., it is necessary to supercharge it, which leads to unnecessary consumption of the battery energy.
  • the invention provides a new motor pitch control device which allows the power supply to be adapted according to the load with large safety margins, resulting in a significant gain in energy consumption.
  • FIG. 1 is a supply flow diagram with pitch control.
  • the motor is normally supplied by short duration pulses (for example 6 ms) emitted by the generator 1.
  • a position detector 2 object of the present invention and which will be described in detail below, makes it possible to check whether the motor has its not. If so, the decision-maker 3 informs the generator 1 via line 4 that it must continue to supply the engine. If not, the same decision-making unit controls, via line 5, the generator 6 which emits long duration pulses (for example 8 ms) which supply the motor and replace the short duration pulses. This substitution takes place for a time of n seconds fixed by the counter 7.
  • the motor is again supplied with short-duration pulses. It can be seen that the motor is supplied alternately and as required either by loop 8 giving short duration pulses, the detector being in operation, or by loop 9 giving long duration pulses for a time determined by the counter, the detector being out of circuit.
  • loop 8 giving short duration pulses
  • loop 9 giving long duration pulses for a time determined by the counter, the detector being out of circuit.
  • the various anomalies which may arise during operation due to the causes mentioned above last for a certain time. It can therefore be understood that systematically sending a long pulse after each short pulse which has failed to advance the motor by one step would be expensive in terms of energy consumed and contrary to the aim which the invention proposes to achieve.
  • the duration for which the long pulses are sent to the motor is of the order of 5 minutes, but other values could be chosen.
  • FIG. 2a represents the train of short pulses which is sent to the motor when the latter takes its step.
  • the pulses 10, bipolar and with a duration of the order of 6 ms, are emitted every second by the generator 1.
  • FIG. 2b represents the train of long pulses 11 with a duration of the order of 8 ms emitted by generator 6, pulses succeeding each other at a rate of one second.
  • the start of the long pulse is offset by 40 ms from the start of the short pulse and when the position detector, after pulse 12 shown in FIG. 2c, detects an absence of rotation, the long pulse train 13 is sent to the motor for approximately 5 minutes, after which the motor is switched again to the short pulses 14.
  • FIG. 3 represents the value of the couples C which act on the rotor as a function of its angle of rotation ⁇ .
  • the rotor of the stepping motor is subjected to two kinds of torques: a static holding torque Ca due to the magnet alone and a dynamic torque Cab motor due to the interaction of the flux of the magnet with the flow of the coil when it is supplied. Initially the rotor is in position S 1 . If an impulse is sent to the motor and it takes its step, it will find itself in position S 2 .
  • the present invention is precisely based on the value of this flux which takes different values depending on whether the motor has progressed by one step or not.
  • FIG. 4 shows a possible block diagram for implementing the invention.
  • the coil 15 of the motor receives alternating pulses when the switches 31-32, respectively 33 ⁇ 34 are closed. These switches form a switching circuit.
  • the table below indicates the position of the switches 31 to 34 as a function of the periods (0 to t1) to (t3 to t4) defined above and according to the invention.
  • the switch control sequence is established as follows:
  • the switching circuit 31 to 34 is controlled by a control circuit 21 itself receiving its information from an oscillator-divider circuit 20.
  • This circuit 21 includes the short pulse generator 1 and the long pulse generator 6 and the counter 7, as explained in connection with FIG. 1.
  • the control electrodes of the transistors 31 to 34 are controlled by the signals of FIG. 2a according to the sequences of the table above or by the signals of FIG. 2c depending on whether the motor rotor has passed its pitch or not.
  • the voltage Ui collected at the terminals of the coil 15 is connected to the input of a differential circuit 22.
  • a control signal 23 opens this circuit during the only period t2 to t3, that is to say during the time when The induced voltage developed by the motor must be read.
  • the voltage Ui collected at the output of circuit 22, made asymmetrical, can attack the integrator 28.
  • the signal is compared with a reference signal Ur in a comparator 25. This comparison takes place at the end of the integration period, that is to say at time t3 thanks to a clock signal coming from the frequency divider. If Uc is smaller than Ur, the motor has taken its step and no signal appears at the output of the comparator: the control circuit continues to emit short duration pulses. If on the contrary Uc is larger than Ur, the motor has not crossed its pitch and a signal Us appears at the output of the comparator which, via line 26, obliges the control circuit to emit a train of pulses of long term 13 as shown in Figure 2c. During the time when the pulses 13 are emitted, the circuit 22 is blocked by line 27.
  • the measurement of the voltage Uc by the comparator takes place at the end of the integration period, at time t3.
  • time t3 is of the order of 30 ms
  • the reason for the shift between the start of the short pulse and the start of the train of long pulses as shown in FIG. 2c.
  • This offset naturally depends on the instant which has been chosen for the measurement of the voltage Uc since the train of long pulses will only intervene, if necessary, after said measurement.
  • the figure shows an offset of 40 ms for a measurement made after 30 ms. If this measurement is made sooner depending on the type of motor, for example after 20 ms already, the offset can be shortened to 30 ms.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph representing the voltage at the terminals of the motor, Ua being the supply voltage, Ui the voltage induced from time t2 and Uc the voltage at the output of the integrator.
  • the graph also shows the current i in the motor coil.
  • the load applied to the motor is 0.05 ⁇ Nm and it can be seen that the motor has taken its step.
  • the voltage Uc collected at the output of the integrator is zero at time t3 (30 ms), instant of measurement by the comparator, and no signal appears at the output of said comparator.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph which represents the situation in which the same motor is found for a load of 0.1 ⁇ Nm and for which it is found that the rotor has not taken its step.
  • the voltage Uc collected at the output of the integrator is very large at time t3 (30 ms), instant of measurement by the comparator, and a signal appears at the output of said comparator which forces the control circuit to emit a train d long duration pulses.
  • the improvements which have just been described confer on the motor a very safe servo-control, which servo-control aims, as already mentioned before, to reduce the energy consumption of the timepiece and to achieve this by integrating the induced voltage developed at the motor terminals.
  • the system can suit any type of stepper motor. If this motor is sized for the servo that the present invention provides, an energy saving of the order of 60% can be measured.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Control Of Stepping Motors (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Vorrichtung zur Versorgung eines einphasigen Schrittmotors für Uhrwerke, angeordnet zur Steuerung des Motorgangs mittels einer ersten Art bipolarer Impulse geringer Breite (10) oder mittels einer zweiten Art bipolarer Impulse größerer Breite (11), wobei eine Folge der genannten zweiten Art von Impulsen dem Motor zugeführt wird, sofern letzterer nicht um einen Schritt fortgeschritten ist infolge der ersten Art Impulse, wobei dieVorrichtung erste Mittel aufweist, die, nach jedem bipolaren Impuls geringer Breite für eine erste Periode 0 bis ti den Motor in Offenschaltung halten für eine zweite Periode t2 bis t3, während derer ein erstes, an den Anschlüssen des Motors erzeugtes Signal Ui gemessen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung ferner zweite Mittel aufweist zur Erzeugung, während dieser zweiten Periode, eines zweiten Signals
Figure imgb0007
das, wenn es größer als ein gegebenes Referenzsignal (Ur) ist, anzeigt, daß der Motor nicht um einen Schritt fortgeschritten ist infolge eines Impulses geringer Breite und daß er mit der Folge von Impulsen größerer Breite beaufschlagt werden muß.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Motor während einer Periode ti bis t2 kurzgeschlossen wird, die zwischen der ersten Periode 0 bis ti und der zweiten Periode t2 bis t3 liegt und während einer Periode t3 bis t4, die zwischen der zweiten Periode t2 bis t3 und dem Eintreffen des nächsten Fortschrittimpulses liegt.
3. Vorrichtung nach Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ersten Mittel einen Umschaltkreis (31, 32, 33, 34) einschließlich der Motorspule (15) aufweisen sowie einen Steuerkreis für die Umschaltung (21) sowie einen Differentialkreis (22) zur Abnahme des Signals Ui und daß die zweiten Mittel einen Integrator (28) aufweisen zum Integrieren des Signals Ui und zum Erzeugen des zweiten Signals Uc sowie einen Vergleicher (25) zum Vergleichen des zweiten Signals Uc mit einem Referenzsignal Ur zur Erzeugung eines Meßsignals Us, wenn der Motor nicht um einen Schritt fortgeschritten ist infolge der Impulse geringer Breite.
4. Vorrichtung nach Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zeitwerte tl bis t3 in den folgenden Bereichen liegen: t1 von 2 bis 7 ms, t2 von 8 bis 20 ms und t3 von 20 bis 40 ms.
EP80105189A 1979-09-04 1980-09-01 Detektor für die Fortbewegung eines Schrittmotors Expired EP0024737B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7922609 1979-09-04
FR7922609A FR2464478A1 (fr) 1979-09-04 1979-09-04 Detecteur d'avance d'un moteur pas a pas

Publications (2)

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EP0024737A1 EP0024737A1 (de) 1981-03-11
EP0024737B1 true EP0024737B1 (de) 1984-02-01

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US (1) US4323834A (de)
EP (1) EP0024737B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5829720B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1166683A (de)
DE (1) DE3066400D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2464478A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH649187GA3 (de) * 1982-10-13 1985-05-15
CH647383GA3 (de) * 1981-02-04 1985-01-31
CH653206GA3 (de) * 1983-09-16 1985-12-31
CH673750B5 (de) * 1988-09-23 1990-10-15 Asulab Sa
EP0744825B1 (de) * 1994-12-08 1999-03-24 Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Antriebsvorrichtung fuer einen motor
KR101027485B1 (ko) * 2001-02-12 2011-04-06 에이에스엠 아메리카, 인코포레이티드 반도체 박막 증착을 위한 개선된 공정
US8004231B2 (en) * 2005-11-23 2011-08-23 Stmicroelectronics S.A. Control of a triac for the starting of a motor
JP2010220408A (ja) * 2009-03-17 2010-09-30 Seiko Instruments Inc ステッピングモータ制御回路及びアナログ電子時計

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2009464A (en) * 1977-12-02 1979-06-13 Seiko Instr & Electronics Stepping motor driven analog timepieces
EP0021320A1 (de) * 1979-06-21 1981-01-07 Societe Suisse Pour L'industrie Horlogere Management Services S.A. Gangdetektionsschaltung für Schrittmotor

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH635973B (fr) * 1977-01-19 Suwa Seikosha Kk Circuit de commande pour un transducteur electromecanique d'une montre, notamment d'une montre-bracelet electronique.
JPS53132383A (en) * 1977-04-23 1978-11-18 Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd Electronic watch circuit
JPS53132380A (en) * 1977-04-23 1978-11-18 Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd Electronic watch
JPS547373A (en) * 1977-06-17 1979-01-20 Seiko Epson Corp Electronic watch
JPS5428176A (en) * 1977-08-04 1979-03-02 Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd Electronic watch

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2009464A (en) * 1977-12-02 1979-06-13 Seiko Instr & Electronics Stepping motor driven analog timepieces
EP0021320A1 (de) * 1979-06-21 1981-01-07 Societe Suisse Pour L'industrie Horlogere Management Services S.A. Gangdetektionsschaltung für Schrittmotor

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Publication number Publication date
JPS5829720B2 (ja) 1983-06-24
DE3066400D1 (en) 1984-03-08
FR2464478A1 (fr) 1981-03-06
FR2464478B1 (de) 1981-11-20
US4323834A (en) 1982-04-06
EP0024737A1 (de) 1981-03-11
CA1166683A (en) 1984-05-01
JPS5646698A (en) 1981-04-27

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