EP0020369A1 - Echangeur de chaleur auto purgeur - Google Patents

Echangeur de chaleur auto purgeur

Info

Publication number
EP0020369A1
EP0020369A1 EP79900968A EP79900968A EP0020369A1 EP 0020369 A1 EP0020369 A1 EP 0020369A1 EP 79900968 A EP79900968 A EP 79900968A EP 79900968 A EP79900968 A EP 79900968A EP 0020369 A1 EP0020369 A1 EP 0020369A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
core
heat exchanger
cores
fins
inlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP79900968A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0020369A4 (fr
Inventor
Erwin J. Bentz
Raymond D. Stratton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Caterpillar Inc
Original Assignee
Caterpillar Tractor Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/US1978/000175 external-priority patent/WO1980001105A1/fr
Application filed by Caterpillar Tractor Co filed Critical Caterpillar Tractor Co
Priority to EP79900968A priority Critical patent/EP0020369A1/fr
Publication of EP0020369A4 publication Critical patent/EP0020369A4/fr
Publication of EP0020369A1 publication Critical patent/EP0020369A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D2001/0253—Particular components
    • F28D2001/026—Cores
    • F28D2001/0266—Particular core assemblies, e.g. having different orientations or having different geometric features

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a heat exchanger and, more particularly, to core construction for con ⁇ tinuous purging of debris.
  • Heat exchangers of the type used in earth- moving vehicles must have sufficient capacity to.cool the engine by the passage of air through and.around the heat exchange element.
  • large fans use excessive power, cause vibration ' and noise, which is undesirable.
  • the use of large fans is now restricted and other meanjs must be found to provide effective cooling without excessive noise.
  • One way to increase cooling capacity is taught by Roelf J. Meijer and Jan Mulder in U.S. Patent No. 4,034,804 which issued July 12, 1977.
  • Meijer and Mulder disclose a radiator operable with a flow of air for cooling a quantity of water and formed as zig-zag or folded walls, each of which contains air ducts.
  • Cooling water pipes are arranged in a number of flat cores, the upper and lower sides of which are located in the front and rear planes, respectively, of the radiator.
  • the cores are connected together alternately on their front and rear sides in an air-tight manner.
  • the zig-zag pattern increases the cooling capacity by increasing the surface area exposed to the flow of air without increasing the size of the radiator, There is, however, a problem with debris plugging the cores and reducing cooling capacity. Under some field conditions, where ' large quantities of air-borne fuzz and debris are present, the debris and fuzz may be readily caught by the front edges of the water tubes which are flush with the front of the core and also embedded between the cooling fins.
  • Erwin Bentz devised a novel way to easily unclog a radiator core as des ⁇ cribed in U.S. Patent No. 4,076,072 granted February 28, 1978. Bentz uses reversible cores which can be rotated 180 degrees to expose a clean core surface to incoming air while the reverse, clogged core surface is cleaned by the exit flow of air through the core.
  • a heat exchanger has a plurality of closely spaced fins defining an inlet surface.
  • An elongated tube extends •through the fins and is spaced from the inlet surface.
  • a heat exchanger has first and second cores each having inlet and outlet surfaces. The inlet surfaces of the first and second cores face one another and the cores are angularly oriented one relative to other in a general "V" configuration with the inner directly adjacent ends being spaced apart.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a heat exchanger consisting of a number of cores arranged in a zig-zag pattern;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a core taken along line II-II of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic end view of the core taken along line III-III of FIG. 2; and 5 FIG. 4 is somewhat enlarged partial sectional view similar to FIG. 1 but illustrating only one core.
  • exchanger 10 has a number of cores, such ' as first, second and third cores 12,14, and 16 for example, arranged in a zig-zag pattern as viewed from the top or along a horizontal cross-section.
  • the first core 12 has an inlet or upstream
  • the second core 14 has ' an inlet surface 22 and an outlet surface 24 and is positioned with the inlet surface 22 facing toward the inlet surface 18 of the first core 12.
  • the cores 12,14 are angularly oriented one relative
  • a gap 26' is provided between the core 28 and the surface 32 of a supporting frame 30.
  • the gap 26' has a width in the range of about 3 to 10 mm. If the gap 26' is less than about 3 mm, there is insufficien width for debris to escape. If the gap 26' is larger
  • the cores 12,14 define an angle in the range of abou 20 to 70 degrees, preferably 40 degrees, while core 28 and frame 30 define an angle in the range of about 10 to 35 degrees, preferably 20 degrees.
  • the core 28 and frame 30 also have a general "V" config ⁇ uration. Cores 28 and 12,14 may be used together with advantage,, particularly where two or more liquids require cooling.
  • the third core 16 has inlet and outlet surfaces 36,38 and is positioned with the outlet surface 38 facing toward the outlet surface 24 of the second core 14 in a general inverted "V" configuration.
  • the inner directly adjacent ends of the inverted “V” are arranged, to. be substantially air-tight so that no air flows therethrough but is diverted through the inlet surfaces 22,36.
  • the third core 16 may be substantially parallel to the first core 12 or may be nonparallel thereto. Additionally, each "V” may be symmetrical or nonsym etrical with other "V's"'. Referring to FIGS. 1-3 each core, core 12 for example, is comprised of a plurality of closely spaced fins 40 defining the inlet and outlet surfaces 18,20 and defining first and second end surfaces 42,44.
  • the number of fins per mm is in the range of about 0.79 to 1.57.
  • the fins preferably have a straight longitudinal profile but can have a wavy, serpentine profile. Straight fins are preferred from the standpoint of purging while wavy fins dissipate more heat for given core dimensions. Because of the close fin spacing, the waviness ' is acceptable where the nature of the debris to be purged allows it to roll along the surface of the core.
  • each core has at least' one tube 46 extending through the fins 40 and spaced from the inlet surface 18 a distance "F" in the range of about 2 to 4 mm.
  • the tube 46 is preferably spaced from the outlet sur ace 20 a similar distance "R". At distances less than about 2 mm the tube 46 is exposed and catches debris thereby contributing to core plugg- ing. At distances greater than about 4 mm heat transfer from the front of the tube 42 adjacent the inlet surface 18 is affected and the fins 40 are subject to mechanical stress and bending.
  • Each core has a thickness "T" in the range of about 15 to 40 mm as measured between the inlet and outlet surfaces 18,20. Where there are a plurality of tubes they are spaced apart about 10 mm or so.
  • a heat exchanger 10 is formed which has a core thickness to hydraulic diameter of about 20 to 24.
  • the hydraulic diameter is defined as four times the flow area divided by the perimeter of the opening for the flow and refers to the space be ⁇ tween the fins 40, met within the tubes 46.
  • the gap 26 is sufficiently wide to allow debris to escape rather than become caught in the gap 26. Because of the gap 26 the tangential flow, "C” and “G” keeps the debris sliding and rolling toward the gap 26. Since there is no significant downward flow or downward tendency for the debris to move, other than gravity, the fins 40 do not catch the debris.
  • One core or any number of cores can be used to cool one or more liquids in the same cooling space of a vehicle. The water from the engine, engine oil, and refrigerant can all be cooled in the same basic space by varying the angular orientation to accommodate the required number of cores.
  • the heat exchanger 10 has a large cooling capacity because the closely spaced fins 40 readily dissipate heat thereby reducing the need for large capacity fans.- Because of the -gap 26 and -the resulting tangential air flow during operation, the heat ex ⁇ changer 10 purges itself to prevent clogging. Air flowing through the cores is compressed for better cooling, but is not directed downward in a manner to catch debris on the fins 40. Because the tubes 46 are recessed, they do not catch debris either.

Abstract

Un echangeur de chaleur a auto purge (10) possede un premier et un second noyaux (12, 14) disposes en "V" avec les bords interieurs directement adjacents espaces de part et d'autre pour purger les debris qui penetrent entre les noyaux (12, 14). Chaque noyau (12, 14) possede une pluralite d'ailettes rapprochees (40) qui definissent une surface d'entree (18, 22) et un tube allonge (46) qui s'etend au travers des ailettes (40) et est espace de la surface d'entree (18, 22). Les debris qui entrent dans l'echangeur de chaleur (10) circulent le long des surfaces d'entree (18, 22) vers l'espace (26) situe entre les noyaux (12, 14) sans en etre empeches par les tubes (46).
EP79900968A 1978-11-24 1980-06-03 Echangeur de chaleur auto purgeur Withdrawn EP0020369A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP79900968A EP0020369A1 (fr) 1978-11-24 1980-06-03 Echangeur de chaleur auto purgeur

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1978/000175 WO1980001105A1 (fr) 1978-11-24 1978-11-24 Echangeur de chaleur auto purgeur
EP79900968A EP0020369A1 (fr) 1978-11-24 1980-06-03 Echangeur de chaleur auto purgeur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0020369A4 EP0020369A4 (fr) 1980-11-14
EP0020369A1 true EP0020369A1 (fr) 1981-01-07

Family

ID=26078604

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79900968A Withdrawn EP0020369A1 (fr) 1978-11-24 1980-06-03 Echangeur de chaleur auto purgeur

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0020369A1 (fr)

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR562676A (fr) * 1923-02-24 1923-11-16 Hardoll Soc Dispositif de radiateur pour automobiles
BE642218A (fr) * 1963-01-10 1964-05-04
GB1213819A (en) * 1967-02-03 1970-11-25 Chausson Usines Sa Improvements in or relating to tube and fin radiator cores
DE1933688A1 (de) * 1969-07-03 1971-01-21 Schubert Maschf Geb Lamellenheizkoerper
DE2144465A1 (de) * 1971-09-06 1973-03-22 Gea Luftkuehler Happel Gmbh Durch einen luftstrom gekuehlter oberflaechenkondensator
FR2199104A1 (fr) * 1972-09-13 1974-04-05 Saab Scania Ab
FR2269053A1 (fr) * 1974-04-25 1975-11-21 Chausson Usines Sa
FR2361618A1 (fr) * 1976-08-10 1978-03-10 Mccord Corp Echangeur de chaleur convenant notamment aux vehicules tout terrain
FR2386005A1 (fr) * 1977-03-28 1978-10-27 Caterpillar Tractor Co Echangeur de chaleur du type a surface d'echange primaire et son procede de fabrication

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR562676A (fr) * 1923-02-24 1923-11-16 Hardoll Soc Dispositif de radiateur pour automobiles
BE642218A (fr) * 1963-01-10 1964-05-04
GB1213819A (en) * 1967-02-03 1970-11-25 Chausson Usines Sa Improvements in or relating to tube and fin radiator cores
DE1933688A1 (de) * 1969-07-03 1971-01-21 Schubert Maschf Geb Lamellenheizkoerper
DE2144465A1 (de) * 1971-09-06 1973-03-22 Gea Luftkuehler Happel Gmbh Durch einen luftstrom gekuehlter oberflaechenkondensator
FR2199104A1 (fr) * 1972-09-13 1974-04-05 Saab Scania Ab
FR2269053A1 (fr) * 1974-04-25 1975-11-21 Chausson Usines Sa
FR2361618A1 (fr) * 1976-08-10 1978-03-10 Mccord Corp Echangeur de chaleur convenant notamment aux vehicules tout terrain
FR2386005A1 (fr) * 1977-03-28 1978-10-27 Caterpillar Tractor Co Echangeur de chaleur du type a surface d'echange primaire et son procede de fabrication

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO8001105A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0020369A4 (fr) 1980-11-14

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Withdrawal date: 19810106

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: STRATTON, RAYMOND D.

Inventor name: BENTZ, ERWIN J.