EP0018302B1 - Sicherheitsvorrichtung für einzelne Bergsteiger und Verfahren zu ihrer Verwendung - Google Patents
Sicherheitsvorrichtung für einzelne Bergsteiger und Verfahren zu ihrer Verwendung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0018302B1 EP0018302B1 EP80420043A EP80420043A EP0018302B1 EP 0018302 B1 EP0018302 B1 EP 0018302B1 EP 80420043 A EP80420043 A EP 80420043A EP 80420043 A EP80420043 A EP 80420043A EP 0018302 B1 EP0018302 B1 EP 0018302B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bridge
- casing
- rope
- pulley
- user
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 241001503987 Clematis vitalba Species 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 210000000887 face Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 241000251556 Chordata Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000019901 Anxiety disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036506 anxiety Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B1/00—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
- A62B1/06—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices
- A62B1/14—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices with brakes sliding on the rope
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B29/00—Apparatus for mountaineering
- A63B29/02—Mountain guy-ropes or accessories, e.g. avalanche ropes; Means for indicating the location of accidentally buried, e.g. snow-buried, persons
Definitions
- the invention relates to a safety device relating to the field of various accessories, used in the practice of climbing, capable of being suspended from an individual gripping device for protection against falls from a height and of being subject to a smooth safety rope to allow the user either to climb or park, in which case the accessory is called ascender-blocker, or to descend and possibly park, in which case the accessory is called descender, these two accessories cannot be used, by their functions, only along a smooth rope previously fixed to an anchor point greater than the movement of the user.
- a third type of accessory provides the head climber, who risks falling from height (- his uphill movements lying above the last anchor point of the rope -) with the security of a dynamic belay, to say to be braked before stopping his fall; this accessory is called a brake if it is made to be used by the head climber's insurance teammate, and autobelayer when it is designed to hang directly on the latter's gripping device (from English to belaye, relay).
- ascenders-blockers mainly consisting of a metal plate provided with a groove in the form of a gutter serving as a guide for a smooth rope.
- the plate is equipped with a notched cam with an engaging trajectory, a cam which tends with the help of a spring to crush the rope in the gutter causing the device to lock on the smooth rope as soon as a pull on said device is carried out from top to bottom, on the other hand, a reverse force causes the disengagement of the cam and allows the device to be mounted along the rope, the lower end of the latter being fixed or slightly stretched downwards.
- French patent n ° 2 334 380 we can cite French patent n ° 2 334 380, as well as French patent n ° 2 339 566 which describes a similar device but where the addition of a pulley on the body of the device facilitates certain load lifting operations.
- descenders There are also many embodiments of descenders having significant differences in shape between them but retaining the same operating principle, which consists in forcing the rope to travel through the apparatus several windings, the deflection surfaces of which are fixed, causing by friction on the rope braking controlled manually by the user; as an example, we can cite French patent n ° 2 371 375.
- 2318561 combines an ascender-ascender and a descender, both of known type; we can also cite French patent n ° 2,304,564 where the body of the device is formed by two branches forming between them an angle of 90 °, and where are arranged several elements including two fixed pulleys in rotation serving as guidance and friction surfaces for the smooth rope, a fixed jaw cooperating with a movable jaw carried by a pivoting lever on which is exerted the clamping force transmitted by a mooring lever cooperating with a locking plate and on which the load to be raised or lowered; depending on the attachment or separation of the jaw and mooring levers, the device responds either to the function of ascender-blocker, or to that of descender.
- the climber therefore currently only has devices allowing him either to go up or down along a smooth rope previously fixed to an upper anchor point, or to have the backup of a dynamic belay in the event of a fall ; no known device allows it to have the freedom to progress uphill, the safety rope fixed by one of its ends to a lower starting anchor point, while being safeguarded in the event of a fall by a dynamic belay.
- no known device allows it to have the freedom to progress uphill, the safety rope fixed by one of its ends to a lower starting anchor point, while being safeguarded in the event of a fall by a dynamic belay.
- In the practice of climbing safety and freedom of action are currently given to the climber not by an appropriate linkage system between him and the rope which secures him, but by a team member who lets the rope slip on demand movements of the insured and retains it in the event of the latter falling.
- the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks.
- the invention as characterized in the claims, solves the problem of creating a safety device for a solitary climber, capable of being suspended from the gripping device thereof and being subjected to a smooth rope safety, device assuming, on the one hand the new function of spinner doubled that of auto-belayer, functions allowing the climber complete freedom of progression while climbing above the anchor point of the rope, with in case of fall, the safeguard of a dynamic belay, on the other hand the functions of descender and ascender-ascender allowing said climber to carry out the maneuvers necessary to detach the lower end of the smooth rope and unequip the anchor points posed during its progression, the passage from one to the other of these four functions, for reasons of safety and speed of maneuver, being assumed by the device fully automatically and this in order l ogic progression of a lone climber during a climb, that is to say from his ascent to uneven the length of departure to the first relay and continue its ascent, namely
- the advantages obtained thanks to this invention go beyond the framework of the solitary climber alone; they consist mainly in giving this climber the freedom to progress in complete safety by facilitating the execution of the various maneuvers that he is required to perform during climbing, a single device responding to it himself in their logical continuation, and secondarily, in the case of ropes made up of several climbers, to cancel all possibilities of untimely maneuvers on the part of the insuring teammate, maneuvers risking going against the action initiated by the insured, as well that all possibilities of trauma on this insurer teammate caused by an unexpected fall of the insured, risking endangering the rope.
- the device removes the role of insurer assigned to each teammate, and generally reduce the number of accessories required and, from there, the weight to be transported for the practice of this sport.
- the figures represent a safety device for a solitary climber, capable of being suspended from an individual gripping device for protection against falls from a height and of being subject to a smooth safety rope; in accordance with the present invention it comprises an oblong casing 1 formed at the location of a first cheek 2, upside down of a second cheek 3, the opposite faces of said cheeks being plane, parallel to one another and connected: - at the top of the casing 1 by means of a suspension bridge 4, - on the sides of the middle part of the casing 1 on the right by means of a first bridge 5, on the left by means of a second bridge 6, said bridges facing each other by converging towards the lower part of the casing 1, - on the sides of the said lower part on the right by means of a third bridge 7, on the left by means of a fourth bridge 8 and inside said part by means of a fifth bridge 9 converging in the direction of the middle part of the casing 1 with the third bridge 7 forming with it a first runner 10 and with the fourth bridge 8 a second
- the articulated mechanical system for connecting the pulley 15 to the casing 1 is composed of a half-caliper 17 serving to support said pulley 15 and of an arm 18 capable of pivoting in the median plane of the casing 1 by means of an axis 19 integral with the casing 1, passing through the said arm 18 near one of its ends, the other end serving for the suspension of the half-caliper 17;
- the elastic connection means of the articulated mechanical system are composed of a first 20 and a second spring 21 urging said arm 18, by actions of opposite directions on the same piece 22 integral with said first 2 and second 3 cheeks, to be kept an equilibrium position allowing the idler pulley 15 to be suspended in a fixed position, a safety member 23 being interposed between said first spring 20 and the safety rope, not shown in the figures from 1 to 5, in protection of said rope of possible deterioration due to a rupture of said first spring 20, and of a third spring 24 urging the half-caliper 17 to be placed in the extension of the arm 18 thereby maintaining the pull
- the part 22 receiving the opposite stresses from the first 20 and second 21 springs is an axial rotation roller held at each of its ends by means bearings 25 screwed into - threaded openings through each of the first and second cheek of the casing 1; said opposing directions of the first 20 and second 21 springs on said roller 22 take effect only for a rotation of said arm 18 from the equilibrium position in the direct direction + for the first spring 20, - for the second spring 21, by the fact that each of said stresses is calibrated by constant arming of the corresponding spring on the same piece 26 of said arm 18.
- the first cheek 2 of the casing 1 is traversed right through by a groove having a width substantially equal to the diameter of the safety rope to be placed on the pulley 15 and a shape of inverted U whose first branch 27 joins the lower end of the third bridge 7 to the upper end of the fifth bridge 9 and the second branch 28 the upper end of the fourth bridge 8 to the lower end of the fifth bridge 9, said first and second branches meeting at the dividing limit of the lower and middle parts of the casing 1 along a curve forming the base of the U, the end of the first branch 27 opposite said curve being able to be permanently closed by means of a member 29 subjected to the action of an elastic connection means, said member 29 being able to be held in the opening position of the groove by a controlled action of the user.
- the shutter member 29 is a finger contained in the thickness of the first cheek 2, flush with the base 30 of the casing 1 and capable of pivoting outwards from said base 30 along a plane of rotation parallel to the median plane of the casing 1.
- the casing 1 is in one piece
- the suspension bridge 4 is of semi-annular shape of circular section
- the bridges 5, 6 and 7 are in the form of a rectilinear groove of straight section in a portion of a circular ring, and in the form of a curved groove of the same section for the fourth bridge 8
- the fifth bridge 9 has its internal face to the second flow 10 plane and orthogonal to the median plane of the casing 1 and its internal face to the second flow 11 in the form of a rectilinear groove of cross section in a portion of a circle
- the first 5 and the second bridge 6 have an inclination oc relative to each other of between twenty five and twenty nine degrees
- the first 5 and the third bridge 7 are extended according to an inclination fl close to one hundred and ninety-one degrees
- the third 7 and the fourth bridge 8 have an inclination y relative to each other of between nineteen and twenty-three degrees.
- the internal surfaces of the first 5 and second bridge 6 are extended respectively by the internal surfaces of the third 7 and fourth bridge 8 by means of portions of annular surfaces; a sixth bridge 31 in the form of an angle iron with wings orthogonal to the median plane of the casing 1 adjoins the upper end of the first bridge 5; a boss 32 externally reinforces the lower end of the third bridge 7.
- the removable block 13 has on its internal face to the first runner 10 for wedging the right cylinder 16 a facet 33 having with the third bridge 7 an inclination 6 close to forty-five degrees.
- the removable block 13 is made integral with the casing 1 by means of two screws 34, one passing through the first cheek 2, the other the second cheek 3, said screws being screwed into the removable block 13 tapped for this purpose.
- the idler pulley 15 is in axial section of rectangular section, and its lateral faces each have a slight annular knockout 35, radial slots 36 for lightening the pulley 15 connecting said lateral faces; the free rotation of the pulley 15 is ensured by means of a needle bearing 37, a circular flange 38 of diameter slightly less than the diameter of the pulley 15 is integral with the fixed axis of said pulley on the side of the first cheek 2 , said axis being integral by its other end with the half-caliper 17; the flange 38 and the half-caliper 17 are perforated by identical radial slots 39 for lightening, and the thickness of the flange assembly 38, pulley 15 and half-caliper 17 allows said assembly to move without appreciable friction between the faces internal of the first 2 and second cheek 3.
- the half-caliper 17 opposite the axis of the pulley 15 is pierced with an eye 40 allowing said half-caliper a very free suspension on the arm 18 by the intermediate a cylindrical rod 41 passing through the lateral wings 42 of the arm 17 without exceeding the external faces of said wings 42; the rod 41 is held in position by two identical stop pieces 43, placed by force on the rod 41 against the internal surfaces of the adults 42; on one or the other of said parts 43 is placed the third spring 24 which has a circular section and is of helical winding; one end of said spring 24 bears on the half-caliper 17 by means of an opening 44 of small diameter near the eye 40, and the other end of the spring 24 bears on the arm 18 by means a partial return 45 of the corresponding wing 42.
- the arm 18 is U-shaped with identical wings 42 parallel to each other and orthogonal to the base 46 of the U, the spacing of the external faces of said wings 42 allowing the movement of the arm 18 between the first 2 and the second cheek 3 of the casing 1 without appreciable friction; a cylindrical sleeve 47 is fixed orthogonally to the wings 42 which it crosses without exceeding the external faces of the said wings, about four-fifths of the length of the base 46 of the arm 18 opposite the rod 41 and about one-eighth of the said length relative to the external face of said base 46, said sleeve 47 serving for connection in free rotation of the arm 18 with the axis 19 secured to the casing 1; said axis 19 crossing the first 2 and the second cheek 3 is fixed to one of said cheeks by one of its ends widened in a truncated cone and to the other of said cheeks by a means such as a nut with a frustoconical external surface, said nut being screwed onto the other end of said axis
- the first spring 20 is a leaf spring, contained between the wings 42 of the arm 18 and hooked by the 'one of its ends against the base 46 on the same side of said arm 18 as the rod 41 for suspending the half-caliper 17; in contrast, the part 26, forming a support for the constant arming of the first spring 20 and second spring 21, consists of a partial return of the two wings 42; a wedge 48 fixed to the wings 42 keeps the first spring 20 armed; the safety member 23 for protecting the rope is formed from the last blade of the first spring 20, said blade having no other utility than being able to withstand because of its small thickness and its great flexibility, without the possibility of rupture, flexions that the direct direction rotation of the arm 18 cannot make it reach.
- the second spring 21 is contained between the wings 42 of the arm 18, the sleeve 47 and the part 26; it is of circular section and comprises two helical windings in opposite directions, axially opposite and parallel to the sleeve 47; its constant arming against said sleeve and the part 26 maintains it by pressure against the internal face of the base 46 of the arm 18.
- a fourth spring 49 of circular section with helical winding constitutes the elastic connection means of the finger 29 closing off the first branch 27 U-shaped tapping; the action of the spring 49 is exerted on the finger 29 by means of a pivot 50 allowing the rotation of the said finger and of which an enlarged end at the frustoconical head 51 crosses and is mechanically linked to the finger 29 by means of a stud 52; the spring 49 housed in a cavity 53 of the boss 32 is positioned axially around the pivot 50 passing orthogonally to the median plane of the casing 1 said boss 32; one end of the spring 49 is in tension against the external surface of the casing 1 in a protective groove 54, and the other end 55 passes diametrically through the pivot 50, the end opposite to the frustoconical head 51 is split and tapped axially to allow a self-locking threaded rod 56 to be screwed against the end 55 of the spring 49; the end of the finger 29 opposite the pivot 50 forms a bayonet 57 which engages, in the closed position
- FIG. 7 shows the device suspended by the trigger guard 4 from the gripping equipment of a climber progressing above the starting anchor point, said device armed in automatic belay, the strand 59 being fixed to said point of anchoring; the device naturally took the low position under the effect of its own mass and the slight tension of the strand 59, the flow of the strand 58 is free in the first flow 10, the cylinder 16 resting on the removable block 13 ; the mass of said strand 58 is insufficient for the traction exerted on the pulley 15 due to the return of the rope opposing the action of the first spring 20 to cause said pulley to leave its fixed position, said return of the rope takes place said cord having free passage between the first 5 and the second bridge 6.
- Figure 8 also shows how stopping the flow of the lifeline in one direction through the device, allowing the climber to climb or park along said rope fixed to an upper anchor point is obtained, the natural tilting in the high position of the structure being caused as soon as the climber applies to the trigger guard 4 his own mass; the cylinder 16 comes to stop against the fixed stop 12 but the pulley 15 takes an intermediate position between the fixed station and the situation against said stop 12 because said mass applied without appreciable shock is necessarily less than the maximum mass allowed to be blocked, the pulley 15 being against the fixed stop 12; by the fact that the climber releases its mass from the suspension bridge thanks to an independent support of the structure and exerts an external traction on the first runner 10 on the strand 58 in the direction opposite to the convergence of the third bridge 7 and fifth bridge 9, the action of the cylinder 16 is canceled as well as the succession of effects resulting therefrom, and the stresses of the first spring 20 bring the pulley 15 back to the fixed position position releasing the flow of the rope in its return to the pulley; the device is driven
- a rotation of one hundred and eighty degrees in FIG. 9 makes it easier to understand that by hooking the device by the trigger guard 4 to an upper anchoring point and by hanging an object or a wounded person at the end of the strand 59 passing through.
- the first runner 10 due to the low position naturally taken by the device, the cylinder 16 resting on the removable block 13 while allowing free passage to said strand 59, the braking process and possible blocking of said rope in the device cannot be obtained only by the controlled action of an operator on the strand 58 passing through the second runner 11 by means of the more or less pronounced return of said strand 58 on the wall of the fourth bridge 8.
- the device, object of the invention can be used in cooperation with a smooth safety rope in all cases where individuals are exposed to the danger of falling. It is particularly suitable for the practice of sports such as mountaineering and speleology, even in the case of several climbers, and also in the industrial field for the protection of workers performing works such as metal constructions, scaffolding, pylons, maintenance or repair of building facades, giant tanks, and in general work of any kind in elevation above the ground.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
- Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
- Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
- Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
- Rehabilitation Tools (AREA)
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT80420043T ATE2816T1 (de) | 1979-04-17 | 1980-04-09 | Sicherheitsvorrichtung fuer einzelne bergsteiger und verfahren zu ihrer verwendung. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR7909581A FR2454313A1 (fr) | 1979-04-17 | 1979-04-17 | Appareil de securite pour grimpeur solitaire |
FR7909581 | 1979-04-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0018302A1 EP0018302A1 (de) | 1980-10-29 |
EP0018302B1 true EP0018302B1 (de) | 1983-03-23 |
Family
ID=9224374
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP80420043A Expired EP0018302B1 (de) | 1979-04-17 | 1980-04-09 | Sicherheitsvorrichtung für einzelne Bergsteiger und Verfahren zu ihrer Verwendung |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0018302B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE2816T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE3062407D1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2454313A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4567962A (en) * | 1984-01-27 | 1986-02-04 | Kladitis Nicholas S | Personal lowering device |
US4645034A (en) * | 1985-06-26 | 1987-02-24 | Griffith Selman D | Descent system |
US5217092A (en) * | 1991-06-26 | 1993-06-08 | Potter Steven D | Self-belay and descent device and method of its use |
FR3125971A1 (fr) * | 2021-08-03 | 2023-02-10 | Zedel | Dispositif d’assurage et procédé d’utilisation |
CN115006752B (zh) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-09-22 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | 一种建筑工程用的便于扣接的安全绳及操作方法 |
CN115228003B (zh) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-05-26 | 国网河南省电力公司杞县供电公司 | 一种杆塔高空作业用安全装置及使用方法 |
CN115518352B (zh) * | 2022-08-09 | 2024-06-18 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司培训中心 | 一种安全检测登杆脚扣及安全检测方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2304564A1 (fr) * | 1975-03-21 | 1976-10-15 | Bugat Francis | Appareil pour l'elevation ou la descente de charges sur cordes lisses verticales |
FR2318561A7 (fr) * | 1975-07-17 | 1977-02-11 | Reminiac Jean Claude | Bloqueur-descendeur associes |
FR2339566A1 (fr) * | 1976-01-29 | 1977-08-26 | Bugat Francis | Poignee avec came gachette a auto-blocage et a poulie incorporee, utilisable sur cordes lisses |
-
1979
- 1979-04-17 FR FR7909581A patent/FR2454313A1/fr active Granted
-
1980
- 1980-04-09 EP EP80420043A patent/EP0018302B1/de not_active Expired
- 1980-04-09 DE DE8080420043T patent/DE3062407D1/de not_active Expired
- 1980-04-09 AT AT80420043T patent/ATE2816T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE2816T1 (de) | 1983-04-15 |
DE3062407D1 (en) | 1983-04-28 |
EP0018302A1 (de) | 1980-10-29 |
FR2454313B1 (de) | 1982-09-17 |
FR2454313A1 (fr) | 1980-11-14 |
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