EP0017969B1 - Incombustible external thermal-insulation layer with superficial layer - Google Patents

Incombustible external thermal-insulation layer with superficial layer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0017969B1
EP0017969B1 EP80102032A EP80102032A EP0017969B1 EP 0017969 B1 EP0017969 B1 EP 0017969B1 EP 80102032 A EP80102032 A EP 80102032A EP 80102032 A EP80102032 A EP 80102032A EP 0017969 B1 EP0017969 B1 EP 0017969B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insulation layer
thermal
fabric
fibre
wide
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0017969A2 (en
EP0017969A3 (en
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Karl-Helmut Ihlefeld
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B2001/7683—Fibrous blankets or panels characterised by the orientation of the fibres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an incombustible thermal insulation layer of mineral fibers to be applied externally to buildings and industrial facilities, such as, for example, oil tanks, which is simultaneously effective as a carrier of a plaster layer or another surface coating.
  • thermal insulation boards made of organic foam such as styrene foam, polyurethane foam and others
  • thermal insulation layers made from such foams are very stiff and hard and can easily transfer the tensile stress of the top layer to the building structure.
  • high strength of the thermal insulation layers made of organic foam also brought considerable disadvantages. Temperature differences of 70 ° C and more can occur on the surface of a building due to solar radiation on the one hand and frost on the other. Normally, this temperature is absorbed and compensated by the building structure, so that there are no significant temperature differences between the building structure and the top layers, so that considerable mechanical stresses occur, which can lead to detachment of the plaster or board material.
  • insulation panels made of organic foam fail when exposed to heat in the event of a fire. Even if such foam panels are flame-retardant, a temperature of only 200 ° C already leads to softening, melting or charring of the material: the applied top layer comes off and endangers the fire-fighting team and other people.
  • the coating with glass fiber fabric is already mentioned in German patent application No. 2 307 577 and in German utility model 7 319 376, although full-surface bonding of the coating with the fiber-lamella layer is provided.
  • the adhesive acts as a separating layer. There is no essential knowledge that only a wide-meshed fiberglass mesh that is only glued along the threads allows the binder and the plaster layers to access the actual load-bearing lamella core.
  • the invention has now set itself the task of developing a thermal barrier coating that meets the stresses described, which does not fail in the event of a fire and allows the use of normal cleaning methods and the application of plate material with binders or adhesives without fear of any damage .
  • the thermal barrier coating consists of mineral fiber slats.
  • Mineral fiber slats are strips of uniform width cut from mineral wool panels, which are rotated by 90 ° and then joined together to form a closed panel. Such plates have a fiber direction perpendicular to the surface, they have a brush-like structure.
  • this is achieved in that a wide-meshed glass fiber grid is used as a one-sided or two-sided coating of the fiber-lamella plate, which is connected to the lamella-strips only along the threads if possible. This leaves the space between the threads of the glass fiber fabric free and allows binder and plaster unhindered access to the surface of the fiber slats.
  • the arrangement of this fiber direction has the following effects:
  • the thermal insulation layer can absorb considerable tensile forces perpendicular to the surface. Values up to 40 N / cm 2 were measured. With such strengths, the anchoring of a top layer on the masonry with the help of a flat connection is more than guaranteed.
  • Such a lamella layer is very flexible under stresses parallel to the surface.
  • the fibers act as small pendulum supports. Changes in the length of the top layer can therefore be absorbed without creating any tension against the subsurface or masonry.
  • any stiff coating whether as plaster or as a glued-on plate, cannot detach from the thermal insulation layer after the effect of temperature changes.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically the manufacturing process of lamellae and their connection with a glass fiber grid. The grain direction can be seen from the hatching.
  • the commercially available mineral fiber plate (1) is cut into uniformly wide strips (3), the lamellae, by the device (2). They are rotated by 90 ° and strung together to form a lamella web (4).
  • Fig. 4 shows schematically the section of a wall piece provided with the thermal insulation system according to the invention in a layered construction.
  • the thermal insulation layer (4) is fastened to the masonry (10) with the aid of the binder (11).
  • a binder layer (12), which in turn securely holds the cover layer (13), is in turn applied to the thermal insulation layer (4).
  • the layers (12 + 13) can also consist of a two-layer exterior plaster.
  • the thermal barrier coating (4) is shown here, for example, as a rollable slat mat.
  • a wide-mesh fabric or grid (5) is provided with adhesive (6) and applied to the lamella web (4) by a suitable device (7), so that the fabric (5) connected rollable lamella web (8), which is then delivered in roll form.
  • the inventive trick of only providing the wide-mesh fabric (5) with adhesive (6) achieves the situation shown enlarged in FIG. 2a.
  • the wide-mesh grid (5) is provided with adhesive (6) only along the threads, so that the fibers of the lamella plate (4) are exposed between the threads for wetting with other binders (11 + 12).
  • Fig. 2b shows again the integration of the thread of the fabric (5) with adhesive (6) on the lamella (4). 4 means for the practical implementation this means that the binder layers (11 + 12) adhere directly to the fiber lamella (4), although the fabric (5) is glued to the lamella web (4).
  • the wide-meshed grid (5) can consist of plastic fibers, glass fibers or mineral fibers, but not of fibers that can rot, such as hemp, cotton or similar substances.
  • this wide-mesh grid (5) can not only hold the fiber slats (4) together to form units suitable for processing, but can also act as reinforcement for an applied binder or plaster layer (12). This is possible because the binder layer (12) penetrates the wide-mesh fabric (5) and in some cases even completely surrounds it, so that tensions within the binder layer (12) can be taken over by the fabric (5) and thus the formation of cracks in the cover layer (12 + 13) is counteracted.
  • the fabric (5) is cut slightly wider than the lamella web (8) so that a one-sided protrusion (9) is formed, which covers the abutting edges of the lamella webs (8), as in Fig. 4 shown, so that a complete plaster reinforcement is ensured.
  • 3a shows the top view of such a lamella web (8).
  • a fiber lamella web is connected on one side to a wide-mesh grid (5) provided with adhesive (6), as in FIGS. 1 and 3c, a rollable lamella web (8) is produced.
  • Such a panel can be laid and fastened in the same way as the insulation panels made of flammable rigid foam that have been used up to now.
  • Both organic and inorganic substances can therefore be used as the adhesive (6) for connecting the wide-mesh grid (5) to the fiber lamellae (4). It is therefore also possible to use hot-melt adhesives, hot-melt adhesives, solvent-based adhesives, welding tracks, furthermore dispersion adhesives, as well as inorganic hydraulically setting adhesives.
  • the adhesive application (6) shown in FIG. 1 by immersion is only an example.
  • the adhesive can also be applied to the fabric by spraying, rolling on, inserting a welding foil or other devices belonging to the prior art.
  • the setting or hardening process of the adhesive (6) can be accelerated by the action of heat or the application can be carried out in a hot process, the hardening taking place by cooling.
  • Inorganic binders such as phosphate binders can also be reacted by higher temperatures.
  • the pressing process (7) shown in FIG. 1 can be combined with such a heat treatment with the aid of devices belonging to the prior art.
  • alkaline substances such as Portland cement and white lime hydrate can significantly attack mineral fibers, especially glass fibers. This happens in the presence of moisture and can take until the lime is completely carbonized in the cement or lime mortar. This attack can lead to the complete dissolution of the fibers, so that, according to FIG. 4, at the point of contact between the fiber (4) and the binder (11) or plaster (13), the connection can be broken, so that the plaster (13) or the fiber - Slat track (4) drops.
  • mineral fiber lamellae made of basalt fibers, pozzolana fibers or alumina fibers are preferably used for such a thermal insulation system.
  • a zircon glass specially developed as alkali-resistant can also be used as a fiber raw material. Fibers made from these raw materials can be processed in accordance with the invention in connection with alkali-containing binders such as Portland cement or white lime hydrate if so much lime-binding substances are added to these binders that emerging free lime is reliably bound.
  • alkali-containing binders such as Portland cement or white lime hydrate if so much lime-binding substances are added to these binders that emerging free lime is reliably bound.
  • Such lime-binding substances are pozzolans or active silica. Trass, fly ash and others are known as pozzolans, quartz powder or SiO 2 dusts and other SiO 2 compounds can be used as silica.
  • binder (11 + 12) and Plaster layer (13) uses a dispersion binder on the Basis of various known suitable synthetic resins. Such binders and plasters do not attack glass fibers and are weather-resistant. On the other hand, however, these binders and plasters consist of organic substances and disintegrate relatively quickly when exposed to fire.
  • alumina cement can be used as a binder in order to produce suitable connecting layers (11 + 12) and surface coatings (13).
  • Alumina cement does not contain free lime and therefore does not attack glass fibers.
  • any desired insulation layer thickness can be set with a fiber lamella board.
  • Normal mineral wool insulation boards can only be made up to 100 mm thick.
  • the slat strips can be cut to the desired width from any thin raw boards, the width (for example 200 mm) then gives the thickness of the insulation layer made of fiber slats through the turning process.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

1. Noncombustible thermal-insulation layer with surface coating, to be applied externally to buildings or industrial facilities, in the form of rolls or sheets consisting of glass-fibre or mineral-fibre laminations (4) in which the direction of the fibres is set perpendicular to the surface, wherein said fibre laminations (4) are connected by at least one wide-mesh fabric (5) on the surface, the connection of the fabric (5) to the laminations (4) being by means of adhesive (6) which is applied only along the fabric threads (5) so that the spaces between the fabric threads (5) are not covered by the adhesive, the thermal-insulation layer being installed such that the wide-mesh fabric (5) is on the outside of the building or facility.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine unbrennbare, aussen auf Gebäude und industrielle Einrichtungen, wie zum Beispiel Öltanks, aufzubringende Wärmedämmschicht aus Mineralfasern, die gleichzeitig als Träger einer Putzschicht oder einer anderen Oberflächen-Beschichtung wirksam ist.The invention relates to an incombustible thermal insulation layer of mineral fibers to be applied externally to buildings and industrial facilities, such as, for example, oil tanks, which is simultaneously effective as a carrier of a plaster layer or another surface coating.

Es ist bekannt, Gebäude und andere Objekte von aussen mit Mineral-Faser-Platten oder -Matten gegen Wärmeverluste zu schützen. Dies wird meist in der Weise durchgeführt, dass Platten oder rollbare Matten aus Glas- oder Mineralwolle durch Ankleben, Annageln oder Anschrauben an dem zu isolierenden Objekt befestigt werden, während zusätzlich eine Verkleidung auf einem dafür geeigneten Unterbau (zum Beispiel Zementasbestplatten auf Lattenrost) zum Schutz von Wärmedämmung und Baukörper gegen Witterungseinflüsse angebracht wird. Fachlich wird ein solches System als vorgehängte Fassade bezeichnet. Eine solche Konstruktion ist jedoch sehr aufwendig.It is known to protect buildings and other objects from outside with heat-loss using mineral fiber panels or mats. This is usually done in such a way that panels or rollable mats made of glass or mineral wool are attached to the object to be insulated by gluing, nailing or screwing on, while additionally covering for protection on a suitable substructure (e.g. cement asbestos panels on slatted frame) of thermal insulation and building structures against weather influences. Such a system is technically known as a curtain wall. However, such a construction is very complex.

Es lag daher nahe, die Mineralfaser-Platten ohne die aufwendige Konstruktion einer vorgehängten Fassade unmittelbar mit einer schützenden Deckschicht zu versehen, die aus Putz oder aufgeklebten Platten bestehen kann. Solche Deckschichten haben jedoch nicht gehalten, weil sich die Mineralfaserplatten infolge ihrer losen Bindung und der parallel zur Oberfläche verlaufenden Faserrichtung sehr leicht spalten lassen. Die Verankerung der Deckschichten am Baukörper ist daher völlig unzureichend.It therefore made sense to provide the mineral fiber panels with a protective cover layer, which can consist of plaster or glued panels, without the complex construction of a curtain wall. However, such cover layers have not held because the mineral fiber boards are very easy to split due to their loose binding and the direction of the fibers running parallel to the surface. The anchoring of the cover layers on the structure is therefore completely inadequate.

Man hat daher versucht, anstelle der Mineralfaser-Platten Wärmedämmplatten aus organischem Schaum, wie Styrolschaum, Polyurethanschaum und anderen an das zu isolierende Objekt anzukleben oder auch mechanisch zu befestigen und dann mit geeigneten Deckschichten zu versehen. Wärmedämmschichten aus solchen Schäumen sind sehr steif und hart und können die Zug-beanspruchung der Deckschicht leicht auf den Baukörper übertragen. Es hat sich jedoch bald gezeigt, dass die hohe Festigkeit der Wärmedämmschichten aus organischem Schaum gleichzeitig erhebliche Nachteile brachte. Auf der Oberfläche eines Baukörpers können durch Sonneneinstrahlung einerseits und durch Frost andererseits Temperatur-Differenzen von 70 °C und mehr auftreten. Normalerweise wird diese Temperatur vom Baukörper aufgenommen und ausgeglichen, sodass zwischen Baukörper und Deckschichten keine so wesentlichen Temperaturdifferenzen entstehen, dass dadurch erhebliche mechanische Spannungen auftreten, die zur Ablösung des Putzes oder Platten-Materials führen können.Attempts have therefore been made, instead of the mineral fiber boards, to attach thermal insulation boards made of organic foam, such as styrene foam, polyurethane foam and others, to the object to be insulated or also to fasten them mechanically and then to provide them with suitable cover layers. Thermal insulation layers made from such foams are very stiff and hard and can easily transfer the tensile stress of the top layer to the building structure. However, it soon became apparent that the high strength of the thermal insulation layers made of organic foam also brought considerable disadvantages. Temperature differences of 70 ° C and more can occur on the surface of a building due to solar radiation on the one hand and frost on the other. Normally, this temperature is absorbed and compensated by the building structure, so that there are no significant temperature differences between the building structure and the top layers, so that considerable mechanical stresses occur, which can lead to detachment of the plaster or board material.

Anders ist die Situation jedoch, wenn zwischen Baukörper und Deckschicht eine Wärmedämmschicht vorhanden ist. In diesem Fall bleibt die Baukörper-Temperatur konstant, während die Temperatur der Deckschicht erheblich schwankt, weil der Wärmeübergang und damit der Temperaturausgleich durch die Wärmedämmschicht verhindert wird. Das hat zur Folge, dass die Deckschicht aus Putz oder Plattenmaterial je nach Temperatureinwirkung erheblichen Längenänderungen unterworfen ist, so dass Spannungen entstehen können, die bei unnachgiebigem Untergrund zur Ablösung der Deckschicht führen.The situation is different, however, if a thermal insulation layer is present between the structure and the top layer. In this case, the temperature of the structure remains constant, while the temperature of the cover layer fluctuates considerably because the heat transfer and thus temperature compensation by the thermal insulation layer is prevented. The consequence of this is that the top layer of plaster or board material is subjected to considerable changes in length depending on the temperature effect, so that tensions can arise which lead to detachment of the top layer when the surface is unyielding.

Auch das Armieren der Deckschicht aus Putzmörtel mit Glasfasergewebe und das Überdecken der Fugen der Wärmedämmplatten mit Gewebestreifen oder Faservlies konnte diesem Übelstand nicht abhelfen.Reinforcing the top layer of plastering mortar with glass fiber fabric and covering the joints of the thermal insulation boards with fabric strips or non-woven fabric could not remedy this problem.

Aus dem gleichen Grunde kam es auch zu Schäden bei der Verwendung der an sich weichen Mineral-Faser-Platten oder -Matten,. weil hier zwar nicht die Deckschicht von den Platten abriss, jedoch die Platten selber aufspalteten und damit die Haftung der Deckschicht am Gebäude unterbrochen wurde.For the same reason, there was also damage when using the mineral fiber sheets or mats, which were soft per se. because here the top layer did not tear off the panels, but the panels themselves split and the adhesion of the top layer to the building was interrupted.

Weiterhin versagen Dämmplatten aus organischem Schaum bei Hitzeeinwirkung im Brandfall. Selbst wenn solche Schaumstoff-Platten schwerentflammbar eingestellt sind, so führt eine Temperatur von nur 200°C bereits zur Erweichung, zum Abschmelzen oder Verkohlung des Materials: die aufgebrachte Deckschicht löst sich ab und gefährdet die Löschmannschaft und andere Personen.Furthermore, insulation panels made of organic foam fail when exposed to heat in the event of a fire. Even if such foam panels are flame-retardant, a temperature of only 200 ° C already leads to softening, melting or charring of the material: the applied top layer comes off and endangers the fire-fighting team and other people.

Nun ist bekannt, dass Dämmschichten aus Mineralfasern, bei denen die Faserrichtung senkrecht zur Oberfläche wie bei einer Bürste eingestellt ist, eine sehr hohe Eigenfestigkeit aufweisen. Bereits 1937 wurde in den USA das Patent Nr. 2160 001 angemeldet, das eine belastbare Dämmschicht aus quer zur Plattenebene eingestellten Fasern in Form von Faserstreifen beschreibt. Da man jedoch solche Faserstreifen nicht einzeln am Bau ankleben kann, sondern bei fast allen Anwendungsformen, wie zum Beispiel auch bei der Herstellung von Sandwich-Elementen mit einem Faserkern, Feuerschutztüren usw. eine leicht hantierbare Platte braucht, sind eine Reihe von Vorschlägen gemacht worden, solche Bahnen oder Platten mit einseitiger oder zweiseitiger Kaschierung oder Beschichtung herzustellen. Solche Fa-. ser-Lamellen-Platten oder -Bahnen sind in den folgenden Patentschriften oder -Anmeldungen näher beschrieben:

  • US-Patente Nr. 2 373 500, 2 546 230, 2 949 953, 3012923, 3048513, 3230995, 3345341, 3736215; deutsche Patente Nr. 1047702, 1 459 973, 1 955 624, 2223101, 2 307 577, 2307873, 2 327 428 sowie das deutsche Gebrauchsmuster 7 319 376, sowie weitere Patentschriften mit ähnlichem Inhalt wie die US-A-3 389 518 und die FR-A-2 371 556.
It is now known that insulating layers made from mineral fibers, in which the fiber direction is set perpendicular to the surface like a brush, have a very high inherent strength. As early as 1937, patent application No. 2160 001 was filed in the USA, which describes a resilient insulation layer made of fibers set transversely to the board level in the form of fiber strips. However, since it is not possible to glue such fiber strips individually to the building, but for almost all types of application, such as for example in the production of sandwich elements with a fiber core, fire protection doors, etc., an easily manageable plate is required, a number of proposals have been made, to produce such sheets or plates with one-sided or two-sided lamination or coating. Such fa- These lamella plates or webs are described in more detail in the following patents or applications:
  • U.S. Patent Nos. 2,373,500, 2,546,230, 2,949,953, 3012923, 3048513, 3230995, 3345341, 3736215; German Patents Nos. 1047702, 1 459 973, 1 955 624, 2223101, 2 307 577, 2307873, 2 327 428 and German Utility Model 7 319 376, as well as other patents with content similar to US-A-3 389 518 and FR-A-2 371 556.

Allen diesen Vorschlägen ist eigen, dass die Beschichtung zum Zusammenhalten der Faser- Lamellen-Streifen vollflächig erfolgt, sodass sie immer als Trennschicht zwischen der eigentlichen Faser-Lamellen-Platte und dem zu isolierenden Objekt wirkt, auf dem die Lamellen-Platte oder Lamellen-Rollbahn mit Hilfe eines Bindemittels aufgebracht werden soll. In gleicher Weise wirkt eine solche Beschichtung bei dem Aufbringen der Putzschichten. Weiterhin wird in einigen der genannten Schriften die Verwendung einer Papierbahn als Beschichtung vorgeschlagen. Damit fällt aber im Brandfall das System auseinander.All of these proposals have the characteristic that the coating for holding the fiber-lamella strips together takes place over the entire area, so that it always acts as a separating layer between the actual fiber-lamella plate and the object to be insulated, on which the lamella plate or lamella runway to be applied with the aid of a binder. Such a coating acts in the same way when the plaster layers are applied. Furthermore, in some of the writings mentioned the use of paper proposed as a coating. In the event of a fire, however, the system falls apart.

Die Beschichtung mit Glasfasergewebe ist zwar schon in der deutschen Patentanmeldung Nr. 2 307 577 und in dem deutschen Gebrauchsmuster 7 319 376 erwähnt, wobei jedoch eine vollflächige Verklebung der Beschichtung mit der Faser- Lamellen-Schicht vorgesehen ist. Der Klebstoff wirkt als Trennschicht. Es fehlt die wesentliche Erkenntnis, dass nur ein weitmaschiges nur entlang der Fäden verklebtes Glasfaser-Gitternetz den Zutritt des Bindemittels und der Putzschichten zum eigentlichen tragenden Lamellenkern ermöglicht.The coating with glass fiber fabric is already mentioned in German patent application No. 2 307 577 and in German utility model 7 319 376, although full-surface bonding of the coating with the fiber-lamella layer is provided. The adhesive acts as a separating layer. There is no essential knowledge that only a wide-meshed fiberglass mesh that is only glued along the threads allows the binder and the plaster layers to access the actual load-bearing lamella core.

Die Erfindung hat sich nun die Aufgabe gestellt, eine Wärmedämmschicht zu entwickeln, die den geschilderten Beanspruchungen gerecht wird, die im Brandfall nicht versagt und die Anwendung normaler Putzmethoden sowie die Anbringung von Plattenmaterial mit Bindemitteln beziehungsweise mit Klebstoffen gestattet, ohne dass irgendwelche Schäden zu befürchten sind.The invention has now set itself the task of developing a thermal barrier coating that meets the stresses described, which does not fail in the event of a fire and allows the use of normal cleaning methods and the application of plate material with binders or adhesives without fear of any damage .

Hier setzt nun der erfindungsgemässe Gedanke ein. Um eine dauerhafte, brandsichere Befestigung von Untergrund + Faser-Lamellen-Platte + Putzschicht zu erreichen, muss das Bindemittel und der Putz unmittelbar ohne störende Zwischenschicht mit den Faser-Lamellen in Berührung kommen.This is where the idea of the invention begins. In order to achieve permanent, fire-proof fastening of the substrate + fiber slat plate + plaster layer, the binder and the plaster must come into direct contact with the fiber slats without a disturbing intermediate layer.

Erfindungsgemäss besteht die Wärmedämmschicht aus Mineralfaser-Lamellen. Als Mineralfaser-Lamellen werden aus Mineralwolle-Platten geschnittene gleichmässig breite Streifen bezeichnet, die um 90° gedreht und wieder zu einer geschlossenen Platte zusammengefügt werden. Solche Platten weisen eine Faserrichtung senkrecht zur Oberfläche auf, sie haben eine bürstenartige Struktur.According to the invention, the thermal barrier coating consists of mineral fiber slats. Mineral fiber slats are strips of uniform width cut from mineral wool panels, which are rotated by 90 ° and then joined together to form a closed panel. Such plates have a fiber direction perpendicular to the surface, they have a brush-like structure.

Erfindungsgemäss wird das dadurch erreicht, dass als einseitige oder zweiseitige Beschichtung der Faser-Lamellen-Platte ein weitmaschiges Glasfaser-Gitternetz verwendet wird, das möglichst nur entlang der Fäden mit den Lamellen- Streifen verbunden wird. Damit bleibt der Zwischenraum zwischen den Fäden des Glasfaser-Gewebes frei und ermöglicht Bindemittel und Putz ungehinderten Zutritt zu der Oberfläche der Faser-Lamellen.According to the invention, this is achieved in that a wide-meshed glass fiber grid is used as a one-sided or two-sided coating of the fiber-lamella plate, which is connected to the lamella-strips only along the threads if possible. This leaves the space between the threads of the glass fiber fabric free and allows binder and plaster unhindered access to the surface of the fiber slats.

Die Anordnung dieser Faserrichtung hat die folgenden Wirkungen: Die Wärmedämmschicht kann senkrecht zur Oberfläche erhebliche Zugkräfte aufnehmen. Es wurden Werte bis zu 40 N/cm2 gemessen. Mit solchen Festigkeiten ist die Verankerung einer Deckschicht auf dem Mauerwerk mit Hilfe einer flächigen Verbindung mehr als gewährleistet. Andererseits ist eine solche Lamellenschicht bei Beanspruchungen parallel zur Oberfläche sehr nachgiebig. Die Fasern wirken gleich kleinen Pendelstützen. Daher können Längenänderungen der Deckschicht aufgenommen werden, ohne dass Spannungen gegenüber dem Untergrund oder Mauerwerk entstehen. Somit ist bei einer solchen erfindungsgemässen Wärmedämmung gewährleistet, dass eine beliebigesteife Beschichtung, sei es als Putz oder als aufgeklebte Platte, nach Einwirkung von Temperaturänderungen sich nicht von der Wärmedämmschicht lösen kann.The arrangement of this fiber direction has the following effects: The thermal insulation layer can absorb considerable tensile forces perpendicular to the surface. Values up to 40 N / cm 2 were measured. With such strengths, the anchoring of a top layer on the masonry with the help of a flat connection is more than guaranteed. On the other hand, such a lamella layer is very flexible under stresses parallel to the surface. The fibers act as small pendulum supports. Changes in the length of the top layer can therefore be absorbed without creating any tension against the subsurface or masonry. Thus, with such thermal insulation according to the invention it is ensured that any stiff coating, whether as plaster or as a glued-on plate, cannot detach from the thermal insulation layer after the effect of temperature changes.

Das erfindungsgemässe Wärmedämmsystem stellt einen erheblichen technischen Fortschritt dar, weil es folgende Eigenschaften in sich vereint:

  • - Beliebig einstellbare Schichtdicke
  • - Zugfeste Verbindung zwischen Untergrund und Oberfläche
  • - Spannungsfreie Kompensation temperaturbedingter Längenänderungen der Oberfläche
  • - Armierung der Oberflächenschicht ohne zusätzlichen Aufwand
  • - Hohe Wärmedämmung
  • - Unbrennbar
  • - Unverrottbare Bestandteile
  • - Offene Porosität = keine Feuchtigkeitsspeicherung
  • - Einfache Befestigung mit bekannten Bindemitteln und handelsüblichem Gerät
  • - Reaktionssichere Verbindung von Fasern und Bindemittel.
The thermal insulation system according to the invention represents a significant technical advance because it combines the following properties:
  • - Layer thickness can be set as required
  • - Tension-resistant connection between the surface and the surface
  • - Stress-free compensation of temperature-related changes in length of the surface
  • - Reinforcement of the surface layer without additional effort
  • - High thermal insulation
  • - Incombustible
  • - Non-rotting components
  • - Open porosity = no moisture storage
  • - Easy attachment with known binders and standard equipment
  • - Reaction-proof connection of fibers and binders.

Zur Erläuterung des erfindungsgemässen Gegenstandes sind die Zeichnungen Fig. 1-4 beigefügt. Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch den Herstellungsvorgang von Lamellen und deren Verbindung mit einem Glasfaser-Gitternetz. Aus den Schraffuren ist die Faserrichtung ersichtlich.The drawings Fig. 1-4 are attached to explain the subject matter of the invention. Fig. 1 shows schematically the manufacturing process of lamellae and their connection with a glass fiber grid. The grain direction can be seen from the hatching.

Die handelsübliche Mineralfaser-Platte (1) wird durch die Vorrichtung (2) in gleichmässig breite Streifen (3), die Lamellen, geschnitten. Sie werden um 90° gedreht und zu einer Lamellenbahn (4) aneinander gereiht.The commercially available mineral fiber plate (1) is cut into uniformly wide strips (3), the lamellae, by the device (2). They are rotated by 90 ° and strung together to form a lamella web (4).

Fig. 4 zeigt schematisch den Ausschnitt eines mit dem erfindungsgemässen Wärmedämmsystem versehenen Wandstücks in schichtweisem Aufbau. Auf dem Mauerwerk (10) ist die Wärmedämmschicht (4) mit Hilfe des Bindemittels (11) befestigt. Auf der Wärmedämmschicht (4) ist wiederum eine Bindemittelschicht (12) aufgebracht, die wiederum die Deckschicht (13) sicher festhält. Die Schichten (12 + 13) können ebenfalls aus einem zweischichtigen Aussenputz bestehen.Fig. 4 shows schematically the section of a wall piece provided with the thermal insulation system according to the invention in a layered construction. The thermal insulation layer (4) is fastened to the masonry (10) with the aid of the binder (11). A binder layer (12), which in turn securely holds the cover layer (13), is in turn applied to the thermal insulation layer (4). The layers (12 + 13) can also consist of a two-layer exterior plaster.

Die Wärmedämmschicht (4) ist hier beispielsweise als rollbare Lamellen-Matte gezeigt. Um das zu erreichen, wird erfindungsgemäss, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, ein weitmaschiges Gewebe bzw. Gitternetz (5) mit Klebstoff (6) versehen und durch eine geeignete Vorrichtung (7) auf die Lamellenbahn (4) aufgebracht, sodass die mit Gewebe (5) verbundene rollbare Lamellenbahn (8) entsteht, die dann in Rollenform angeliefert wird.The thermal barrier coating (4) is shown here, for example, as a rollable slat mat. To achieve this, according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 1, a wide-mesh fabric or grid (5) is provided with adhesive (6) and applied to the lamella web (4) by a suitable device (7), so that the fabric (5) connected rollable lamella web (8), which is then delivered in roll form.

Durch den erfindungsgemässen Kunstgriff, nur das weitmaschige Gewebe (5) mit Klebstoff (6) zu versehen, wird die in Fig. 2a vergrössert dargestellte Situation erreicht. Auf der Lamellenbahn (4) ist das weitmaschige Gitternetz (5) nur entlang der Fäden mit Klebstoff (6) versehen, sodass die Fasern der Lamellenplatte (4) zwischen den Fäden zur Benetzung mit anderen Bindemitteln (11 + 12) offen liegen. Fig. 2b zeigt noch einmal vergrössert die Einbindung des Fadens des Gewebes (5) mit Klebstoff (6) auf der Lamelle (4). Für die praktische Ausführung gemäss Fig. 4 bedeutet das, dass die Bindemittelschichten (11 + 12) unmittelbar an den Faser-Lamellen (4) haften, obgleich das Gewebe (5) auf der Lamellenbahn (4) aufgeklebt ist. Das weitmaschige Gitternetz (5) kann aus Kunststoffasern, Glasfasern oder Mineralfasern bestehen, jedoch nicht aus Fasern, die verrotten können, wie Hanf, Baumwolle oder ähnlichen Stoffen.The inventive trick of only providing the wide-mesh fabric (5) with adhesive (6) achieves the situation shown enlarged in FIG. 2a. On the lamella web (4), the wide-mesh grid (5) is provided with adhesive (6) only along the threads, so that the fibers of the lamella plate (4) are exposed between the threads for wetting with other binders (11 + 12). Fig. 2b shows again the integration of the thread of the fabric (5) with adhesive (6) on the lamella (4). 4 means for the practical implementation this means that the binder layers (11 + 12) adhere directly to the fiber lamella (4), although the fabric (5) is glued to the lamella web (4). The wide-meshed grid (5) can consist of plastic fibers, glass fibers or mineral fibers, but not of fibers that can rot, such as hemp, cotton or similar substances.

Erfindungsgemäss kann dieses weitmaschige Gitternetz (5) nicht nur die Faserlamellen (4) zu verarbeitungsgerechten Einheiten zusammenhalten, sondern auch als Armierung für eine aufgebrachte Binder- oder Putzschicht (12) wirken. Das ist dadurch möglich, weil die Binderschicht (12) das weitmaschige Gewebe (5) durchdringt und teilweise sogar völlig umschliesst, sodass Spannungen innerhalb der Binderschicht (12) von dem Gewebe (5) übernommen werden können und somit der Rissbildung in der Deckschicht (12 + 13) entgegengewirkt wird.According to the invention, this wide-mesh grid (5) can not only hold the fiber slats (4) together to form units suitable for processing, but can also act as reinforcement for an applied binder or plaster layer (12). This is possible because the binder layer (12) penetrates the wide-mesh fabric (5) and in some cases even completely surrounds it, so that tensions within the binder layer (12) can be taken over by the fabric (5) and thus the formation of cracks in the cover layer (12 + 13) is counteracted.

Vorteilhafterweise wird, wie in Fig. 3a-c dargestellt, das Gewebe (5) etwas breiter als die Lamellenbahn (8) zugeschnitten, damit ein einseitiger Überstand (9) entsteht, der die Stosskanten der Lamellenbahnen (8) überdeckt, wie in Fig. 4 dargestellt, sodass eine lückenlose Putzarmierung sichergestellt ist. Fig. 3a zeigt die Aufsicht auf eine solche Lamellenbahn (8).Advantageously, as shown in Fig. 3a-c, the fabric (5) is cut slightly wider than the lamella web (8) so that a one-sided protrusion (9) is formed, which covers the abutting edges of the lamella webs (8), as in Fig. 4 shown, so that a complete plaster reinforcement is ensured. 3a shows the top view of such a lamella web (8).

Wird eine Faserlamellenbahn einseitig erfindungsgemäss mit einem mit Klebstoff (6) versehenen weitmaschigen Gitternetz (5) wie in Fig. 1 und Fig.3c verbunden, entsteht eine rollbare Lamellenbahn (8).If, according to the invention, a fiber lamella web is connected on one side to a wide-mesh grid (5) provided with adhesive (6), as in FIGS. 1 and 3c, a rollable lamella web (8) is produced.

Wird jedoch die andere Seite der Lamellenbahn ebenfalls auf erfindungsgemässe Weise mit einem weitmaschigen mit Klebstoff (6) versehenen Gitternetz (5) verbunden, so entsteht eine steife Lamellenplatte nach Fig. 3b.However, if the other side of the lamella web is also connected in the manner according to the invention with a wide-meshed grid (5) provided with adhesive (6), a rigid lamella plate according to FIG. 3b is produced.

Eine solche Platte kann in gleicher Weise verlegt und befestigt werden, wie die bisher üblicherweise verwendeten Dämmplatten aus brennbarem Hartschaum.Such a panel can be laid and fastened in the same way as the insulation panels made of flammable rigid foam that have been used up to now.

Da nun erfindungsgemäss nach Fig. 4 die Verankerung der Wärmedämmschicht aus Faserlamellen (4) mit dem Untergrund (10) und die der Deckschichten (13) mit den Faserlamellen (4) unmittelbar mit der Faser (4) erfolgt, können die Klebstoffe (6) zur Verbindung des weitmaschigen Gewebes (5) und der Faser-Lamellen (4) beliebiger Art sein, da sie auf den Zusammenhalt des gesamten Systems keinen Einfluss haben.4, since the thermal insulation layer made of fiber lamellae (4) is anchored to the substrate (10) and that of the cover layers (13) with the fiber lamellae (4) directly to the fiber (4), the adhesives (6) for connecting the wide-mesh fabric (5) and the fiber lamellae (4) of any type, since they have no influence on the cohesion of the entire system.

Es können daher als Kleber (6) zur Verbindung des weitmaschigen Gitternetzes (5) mit den Faser- Lamellen (4) sowohl organische als auch anorganische Substanzen verwendet werden. Daher ist auch die Anwendung von Schmelzklebern, Heissklebern, lösungsmittelhaltigen Klebern, Schweissbahnen, ferner Dispersionsklebern, sowie anorganischen hydraulisch abbindenden Klebern möglich. Die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Klebstoff-Applikation (6) durch Eintauchen ist nur beispielhaft. Ebenso kann der Kleber durch Aufspritzen Aufwalzen, Einlegen einer Schweissfolie oder andere zum Stand der Technik gehörende Vorrichtungen auf das Gewebe aufgetragen werden.Both organic and inorganic substances can therefore be used as the adhesive (6) for connecting the wide-mesh grid (5) to the fiber lamellae (4). It is therefore also possible to use hot-melt adhesives, hot-melt adhesives, solvent-based adhesives, welding tracks, furthermore dispersion adhesives, as well as inorganic hydraulically setting adhesives. The adhesive application (6) shown in FIG. 1 by immersion is only an example. The adhesive can also be applied to the fabric by spraying, rolling on, inserting a welding foil or other devices belonging to the prior art.

Je nach Temperaturbeständigkeit der verwendeten Gewebefasern kann der Abbinde- oder Erhärtungsprozess des Klebers (6) mit Hitzeeinwirkung beschleunigt werden oder der Auftrag im Heissverfahren erfolgen, wobei die Erhärtung durch Abkühlung erfolgt. Ebenso können anorganische Binder, wie Phosphatbinder durch höhere Temperaturen zur Reaktion gebracht werden. Der in Fig. 1 gezeigte Andrückvorgang (7) kann mit Hilfe zum Stand der Technik gehörender Einrichtungen mit einer solchen Hitzebehandlung kombiniert werden.Depending on the temperature resistance of the fabric fibers used, the setting or hardening process of the adhesive (6) can be accelerated by the action of heat or the application can be carried out in a hot process, the hardening taking place by cooling. Inorganic binders such as phosphate binders can also be reacted by higher temperatures. The pressing process (7) shown in FIG. 1 can be combined with such a heat treatment with the aid of devices belonging to the prior art.

Bei der Auswahl des Binders (11) zwischen Untergrund (10) und Faser-Lamellen (4) sowie des Binders (12) zur Befestigung der Deckschicht (13) beziehungsweise des Putzes (13) auf den Wärme-Dämmbahnen aus Faser-Lamellen (4) sind wesentliche Fakten zu berücksichtigen, um die Beständigkeit solcher Verbindungen sicherzustellen.When selecting the binder (11) between the substrate (10) and fiber slats (4) and the binder (12) for fastening the cover layer (13) or the plaster (13) on the thermal insulation sheets made of fiber slats (4 ) essential facts have to be considered to ensure the durability of such connections.

Die Erfahrung hat gezeigt, dass alkalische Stoffe wie Portland-Zement und Weisskalkhydrat Mineralfasern, insbesondere Glasfasern erheblich angreifen können. Das geschieht bei Anwesenheit von Feuchtigkeit und kann solange dauern, bis der Kalk im Zement- oder Kalkmörtel vollständig karbonisiert ist. Dieser Angriff kann zur vollständigen Auflösung der Fasern führen, sodass es nach Fig. 4 an der Berührungsstelle zwischen Faser (4) und Bindemittel (11) beziehungsweise Putz (13) zur Auflösung der Verbindung kommen kann, sodass der Putz (13) oder die Faser-Lamellenbahn (4) abfällt.Experience has shown that alkaline substances such as Portland cement and white lime hydrate can significantly attack mineral fibers, especially glass fibers. This happens in the presence of moisture and can take until the lime is completely carbonized in the cement or lime mortar. This attack can lead to the complete dissolution of the fibers, so that, according to FIG. 4, at the point of contact between the fiber (4) and the binder (11) or plaster (13), the connection can be broken, so that the plaster (13) or the fiber - Slat track (4) drops.

Erfindungsgemäss wird dieser Gefahr wie folgt begegnet. Umfangreiche Versuchsreihen haben gezeigt, dass die Intensität einer Alkalireaktion mit Mineralfasern aus verschiedenen Rohstoffen sehr verschieden ist. Am wenigsten resistent sind Glasfasern, wesentlich besser ist das Verhalten von Mineralfasern aus kalkarmem Basalt oder aus Rohstoffen, die nach der Schmelze ein Puzzolan bilden.According to the invention, this danger is countered as follows. Extensive series of tests have shown that the intensity of an alkali reaction with mineral fibers from different raw materials is very different. Glass fibers are the least resistant; the behavior of mineral fibers made from low-lime basalt or from raw materials that form a puzzolan after melting is much better.

Daher werden erfindungsgemäss für ein solches Wärmedämmsystem vorzugsweise Mineral- faser-Lamellen aus Basaltfasern, Puzzolanfasern oder Tonerdefasern eingesetzt. Auch lässt sich ein speziell als alkaliresistent entwickeltes Zirkonglas als Faserrohstoff verwenden. Fasern aus diesen Rohstoffen können in Verbindung mit alkalihaltigen Bindemitteln wie Portland-Zement oder Weisskalkhydrat erfindungsgemäss verarbeitet werden, wenn diesen Bindern soviel kalkbindende Stoffe beigegeben werden, dass austretender freier Kalk zuverlässig gebunden wird. Solche kalkbindenden Stoffe sind Puzzolane oder aktive Kieselsäure. Als Puzzolane sind bekannt Trass, Flugasche und andere, als Kieselsäure können Quarzmehl oder Si02-Stäube sowie andere Si02-Verbindungen verwendet werden.Therefore, according to the invention, mineral fiber lamellae made of basalt fibers, pozzolana fibers or alumina fibers are preferably used for such a thermal insulation system. A zircon glass specially developed as alkali-resistant can also be used as a fiber raw material. Fibers made from these raw materials can be processed in accordance with the invention in connection with alkali-containing binders such as Portland cement or white lime hydrate if so much lime-binding substances are added to these binders that emerging free lime is reliably bound. Such lime-binding substances are pozzolans or active silica. Trass, fly ash and others are known as pozzolans, quartz powder or SiO 2 dusts and other SiO 2 compounds can be used as silica.

Soll eine mögliche Reaktion zwischen Faser- Lamellen-Schichten (4) und Binder (11 + 12) grundsätzlich vermieden werden, insbesondere dann, wenn die Faser-Lamellen-Schicht aus handelsüblicher Glasfaser besteht, so wird als Binder (11 + 12) und als Putzschicht (13) erfindungsgemäss ein Dispersionsbinder verwendet auf der Basis verschiedener bekannter geeigneter Kunstharze. Solche Binder und Putze greifen Glasfasern nicht an und sind witterungsbeständig. Andererseits jedoch bestehen diese Binder und Putze aus organischen Stoffen und zerfallen bei Brandeinwirkung relativ rasch. Soll nun eine besonders temperaturbeständige Befestigung und Beschichtung der Wärmedämmschicht aus Faser- Lamellen (4) erfolgen, so kann erfindungsgemäss als Bindemittel Tonerdeschmelzzement verwendet werden, um geeignete Verbindungsschichten (11 + 12) und Oberflächen-Beschichtungen (13) herzustellen. Tonerdeschmelzzement enthält keinen freien Kalk und greift daher auch Glasfasern nicht an.If a possible reaction between fiber-lamella layers (4) and binder (11 + 12) is to be avoided in principle, especially if the fiber-lamella layer consists of commercially available glass fiber, then as binder (11 + 12) and as Plaster layer (13) according to the invention uses a dispersion binder on the Basis of various known suitable synthetic resins. Such binders and plasters do not attack glass fibers and are weather-resistant. On the other hand, however, these binders and plasters consist of organic substances and disintegrate relatively quickly when exposed to fire. If a particularly temperature-resistant fastening and coating of the thermal insulation layer made of fiber lamellae (4) is now to be carried out, then according to the invention, alumina cement can be used as a binder in order to produce suitable connecting layers (11 + 12) and surface coatings (13). Alumina cement does not contain free lime and therefore does not attack glass fibers.

Ergänzend soll erwähnt werden, dass mit einer Faser-Lamellen-Platte jede gewünschte Dämmschichtdicke einstellbar ist. Normale Dämmplatten aus Mineralwolle können nur bis 100 mm Dikke gefertigt werden. Aus beliebig dünnen Rohplatten können die Lamellen-Streifen in der gewünschten Breite geschnitten werden, die Breite (zum Beispiel 200 mm) ergibt durch den Wendevorgang dann die Dicke der Dämmschicht aus Faser-Lamellen.In addition, it should be mentioned that any desired insulation layer thickness can be set with a fiber lamella board. Normal mineral wool insulation boards can only be made up to 100 mm thick. The slat strips can be cut to the desired width from any thin raw boards, the width (for example 200 mm) then gives the thickness of the insulation layer made of fiber slats through the turning process.

Claims (9)

1. Noncombustible thermal-insulation layer with surface coating, to be applied externally to buildings or industrial facilities, in the form of rolls or sheets consisting of glass-fibre or mineral-fibre laminations (4) in which the direction of the fibres is set perpendicular to the surface, wherein said fibre laminations (4) are connected by at least one wide-mesh fabric (5) on the surface, the connection of the fabric (5) to the laminations (4) being by means of adhesive (6) which is applied only along the fabric threads (5) so that the spaces between the fabric threads (5) are not covered by the adhesive, the thermal-insulation layer being installed such that the wide-mesh fabric (5) is on the outside of the building or facility.
2. Thermal-insulation layer as defined in claim 1, wherein the fibre laminations (4) consist of a largely alkali-resistant mineral fibre, such as basalt fibre, pozzolanic fibre, alumina fibre or zirconium glass.
3. Thermal-insulation layer as defined in claims 1 and 2, wherein the wide-mesh fabric (5) on the lamination sheets (4) consists of non-rotting material, such as synthetic-resin threads, spun glass or mineral fibres.
4. Thermal-insulation layer as defined in claims 1-3, wherein the wide-mesh fabric (5) is applied to the lamination sheets (4) on one side only, so that a rollable mat results.
5. Thermal-insulation layer as defined in claims 1-3, wherein the wide-mesh fabric (5) is applied to the lamination sheet (4) from two sides, so that a rigid sheet of lamination strips results.
6. Thermal-insulation layer as defined in claims 1-5, wherein the external fabric layer (5) is cut wider than the lamination sheet (4), so that the joint edges of the lamination rolls or sheets (4) are overlapped by the projecting fabric edge (8).
7. Thermal-insulation layer as defined in claims 1-6, wherein, for the fixing of the latter and for the production of an external plaster (12) applied directly to the fibre laminations (4), use is made of binding agents which are alkali-free or which have no reactive alkalinity, such as synthetic-resin dispersion binders or plasters.
8. Thermal-insulation layer as defined in claim 7, wherein the binder or plaster (11) is composed of an alkaline-reacting base material, such as calcium hydroxide, Portland cement or of a mixture of both, added to which, however, in sufficient quantity are lime-binding substances, such as pozzolans and/or silicates, so that free lime which escapes or dissolves is reliably bound.
9. Thermal-insulation layer as defined in claim 7, wherein the binder or plaster (11) is produced with the aid of an hydraulicly setting yet alkali-free cement, such as high-alumina cement.
EP80102032A 1979-04-20 1980-04-16 Incombustible external thermal-insulation layer with superficial layer Expired EP0017969B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT80102032T ATE18080T1 (en) 1979-04-20 1980-04-16 INCOMBUSTIBLE OUTER THERMAL INSULATION LAYER WITH SURFACE COATING.

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DE2915977 1979-04-20
DE19792915977 DE2915977A1 (en) 1979-04-20 1979-04-20 INFLAMMABLE EXTERIOR HEAT INSULATION LAYER WITH SURFACE COATING

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EP0017969A3 EP0017969A3 (en) 1981-01-07
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DE2915977A1 (en) 1980-10-23
DE3071426D1 (en) 1986-03-27
ATE18080T1 (en) 1986-03-15
EP0017969A2 (en) 1980-10-29
EP0017969A3 (en) 1981-01-07

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