EP0015535B1 - Process for the interstage cooling, without condensation, of compressed gases - Google Patents

Process for the interstage cooling, without condensation, of compressed gases Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0015535B1
EP0015535B1 EP80101077A EP80101077A EP0015535B1 EP 0015535 B1 EP0015535 B1 EP 0015535B1 EP 80101077 A EP80101077 A EP 80101077A EP 80101077 A EP80101077 A EP 80101077A EP 0015535 B1 EP0015535 B1 EP 0015535B1
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Prior art keywords
gas
temperature
compression
compressor stage
intake side
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Expired
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EP80101077A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0015535A1 (en
Inventor
Wilfried Dipl.-Ing. Blotenberg
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MAN AG
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MAN Maschinenfabrik Augsburg Nuernberg AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
    • F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/5826—Cooling at least part of the working fluid in a heat exchanger
    • F04D29/5833—Cooling at least part of the working fluid in a heat exchanger flow schemes and regulation thereto

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the condensate-free intercooling of compressed gases, wherein an essential, the state of the gas to be compressed, an essential, the state of the gas to be compressed measured value is determined before the first compressor stage and the setpoint for the state of the gas on the Suction side of each of the first following compressor stage is calculated using a linearized function.
  • DE-B-2 132 141 also describes a method for the condensate-free operation of multi-stage turbo compressors, in which the setpoint temperature difference of a stage is determined by a logarithmic equation.
  • equations can be calculated by analog computers which not only require a very high outlay but also work relatively slowly.
  • analog computers in particular first have to detect a trend in order to be able to carry out an exact calculation, and as a result the computing time becomes impermissibly long.
  • Such operating methods have therefore not yet been able to be implemented.
  • dew point temperature Ta of the gas to be compressed on the suction side of the first compressor stage and the pressure b ; of the gas to be compressed is measured on the suction side of each of the first following compressor stages and from these measured values using an equation the permissible cooler temperature T ; is calculated as the setpoint and the temperature of each of the first subsequent compressor stages is also determined as the actual value, with a i , b ; and c ; have a fixed value for each level.
  • the desired cooler temperature is a safety margin above the dew point temperature should be, the desired temperature T, results
  • the constants can be easily calculated by taking the exact dew point temperatures from the vapor pressure tables for three working points from the approximation area and inserting them into the straight line equations.
  • FIG. 2 shows a control arrangement for carrying out the method according to the invention:
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to regulate the temperature of the gas in intercoolers of gas compressors with simple means in such a way that the effective range of the compressor system is not reduced, the suction power is retained and permanent, corrosion-free operation is ensured. Linearization in the respective work area enables the control to be carried out reliably with little expenditure on equipment. Furthermore, the above statements all relate to temperatures which are measured in degrees Celsius.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur kondensatfreien Zwischenkühlung verdichteter Gase, wobei ein wesentlicher, den Zustand des zu verdichtenden Gases, wobei ein wesentlicher, den Zustand des zu verdichtenden Gases bestimmender Meßwert vor der ersten Verdichterstufe ermittelt wird und der Sollwert für den Zustand des Gases auf der Saugseite jeder der der ersten folgenden Verdichterstufe mit Hilfe einer linearisierten Funktion berechnet wird.The invention relates to a method for the condensate-free intercooling of compressed gases, wherein an essential, the state of the gas to be compressed, an essential, the state of the gas to be compressed measured value is determined before the first compressor stage and the setpoint for the state of the gas on the Suction side of each of the first following compressor stage is calculated using a linearized function.

Ein derartiges Verfahren, wie es z.B. aus der DE-AS 2 113 038 bekannt ist, ermöglicht zwar bereits eine gewisse Berechnung der zulässigen Temperaturen des zu verdichtenden Gases in den Zwischenkühlern, da bei dem bekannten Verfahren aber die Ansaugtemperatur gemessen wird und von einer relativen Feuchte von 100% ausgegangen wird, sind die berechneten Temperaturwerte nicht exakt genug, um optimale Meßwerte zu erhalten. Außerdem bleibt dort der recht beachtliche Einfluß des Kühlerdrucks unberücksichtigt. Die ermittelten Temperaturen sind also bei Betriebsdrücken, die unterhalb des maximal möglichen Kühlerdrucks liegen und bei relativen Ansaugfeuchten, die unter 100% liegen, nicht unwesentlich zu hoch. In Figur 1 der Auslegeschrift ist dabei das Verhältnis der Temperatur bei 100% relativer Feuchtigkeit zu der zu jeder Verdichterstufe gehörenden und vom Enddruck abhängigen zulässigen Temperatur angegeben. Diese Kurvenschar weist aber den angegebenen Mangel der ungenügend berücksichtigten Ausgangsfeuchte auf.Such a method as e.g. is known from DE-AS 2 113 038, although it already allows a certain calculation of the permissible temperatures of the gas to be compressed in the intercoolers, since in the known method the intake temperature is measured and a relative humidity of 100% is assumed the calculated temperature values are not precise enough to obtain optimal measured values. In addition, the quite considerable influence of the radiator pressure is not taken into account there. The temperatures determined are therefore not insignificantly too high at operating pressures which are below the maximum possible cooler pressure and at relative intake humidities which are below 100%. In Figure 1 of the specification, the ratio of the temperature at 100% relative humidity to the permissible temperature belonging to each compressor stage and dependent on the final pressure is given. However, this family of curves has the stated lack of insufficiently taken into account the initial moisture.

Der Wirkungsgrad der Anlage ist damit geringer als maximal möglich.The efficiency of the system is therefore less than the maximum possible.

In der DE-B-2 132 141 wird weiterhin ein Verfahren zum kondensatfreien Betrieb von mehrstufigen Turbokompressoren beschrieben, bei welchem die Soll-Temperaturdifferenz einer Stufe durch eine logarithmische Gleichung festgelegt wird. Nachteilig hat es sich aber gezeigt, daß solche Gleichungen durch Analogrechner zu berechnen sind, die nicht nur einen sehr hohen Aufwand erfordern, sondern die auch relativ langsam arbeiten. Solche Analogrechner müssen insbesondere erst einen Trend erfassen, um eine exakte Berechnung vornehmen zu können und dadurch wird die Rechenzeit unzulässig hoch. Derartige Betriebsverfahren haben sich daher bisher noch nicht realisieren lassen.DE-B-2 132 141 also describes a method for the condensate-free operation of multi-stage turbo compressors, in which the setpoint temperature difference of a stage is determined by a logarithmic equation. However, it has been shown to be disadvantageous that such equations can be calculated by analog computers which not only require a very high outlay but also work relatively slowly. Such analog computers in particular first have to detect a trend in order to be able to carry out an exact calculation, and as a result the computing time becomes impermissibly long. Such operating methods have therefore not yet been able to be implemented.

Es ist jetzt Aufgabe der Erfindung, das eingangs genannte Verfahren dahingehend zu verbessern, daß die zulässige Kühlertemperatur jedes der Zwischenkühler mit geringem Aufwand nahezu exakt berechnet und kontrolliert werden kann, um so zum einen die bekannten Nachteile durch die Unterschreitung der zulässigen Taupunkttemperatur zu vermeiden, andererseits aber den Wirkungsgrad der Verdichtungsanlage so gut wie möglich zu halten. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Taupunkttemperatur Ta des zu verdichtenden Gases auf der Saugseite der ersten Verdichterstufe und der Druck b; des zu verdichtenden Gases auf der Saugseite jeder der der ersten folgenden Verdichterstufe gemessen wird und aus diesen Meßwerten an Hand einer Gleichung

Figure imgb0001
die zulässige Kühlertemperatur T; als Sollwert berechnet wird und weiterhin die Temperatur jeder der ersten folgenden Verdichterstufe als Istwert bestimmt wird, wobei ai, b; und c; für jede Stufe einen Festwert haben.It is an object of the invention to improve the method mentioned at the outset such that the permissible cooler temperature of each of the intercoolers can be calculated and controlled almost exactly with little effort, in order to avoid the known disadvantages by falling below the permissible dew point temperature, on the one hand, and on the other hand but to keep the efficiency of the compression system as good as possible. This object is achieved in that the dew point temperature Ta of the gas to be compressed on the suction side of the first compressor stage and the pressure b ; of the gas to be compressed is measured on the suction side of each of the first following compressor stages and from these measured values using an equation
Figure imgb0001
 the permissible cooler temperature T ; is calculated as the setpoint and the temperature of each of the first subsequent compressor stages is also determined as the actual value, with a i , b ; and c ; have a fixed value for each level.

Im folgenden wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung an Hand einer Schemazeichnung näher erläutert. Die Konstanten a und ci, die in der Größenordnung 1-5 liegen, können mit handelsüblichen Regelsystemen durch mehrfache Addition der Meßgrößen zu sich selbst und anschließender Abschwächung in einem Spannungsteiler realisiert werden.An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of a schematic drawing. The constants a and c i , which are in the order of 1-5, can be achieved with standard control systems by multiple addition of the measured variables to themselves and subsequent weakening in a voltage divider.

Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 die Abhängigkeit des Taupunktes τ2 nach der zweiten Verdichterstufe vom Taupunkt des Ausgangsgases τa für verschiedene Drücke (dargestellt sind der tatsächliche Verlauf und die dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zugrunde liegende Näherung) und
  • Figur 2 ein Regelschema zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
Show it:
  • 1 shows the dependence of the dew point τ 2 after the second compressor stage on the dew point of the starting gas τ a for different pressures (the actual course and the approximation underlying the method according to the invention are shown) and
  • Figure 2 is a control scheme for performing the method according to the invention.

Bei den verwendeten Symbolen kennzeichnen der Index a den Anfangszustand vor der ersten Verdichterstufe und der Index i = 1, 2, 3 ... die Zahl der erfolgten Verdichtungen.In the symbols used, the index a indicates the initial state before the first compressor stage and the index i = 1, 2, 3 ... the number of compressions that have taken place.

Für Temperaturen bis etwa 60°C und Drücke bis 10 bar kann feuchte Luft näherungsweise als ideales Gasgemisch von Luft- und Wasserdampf betrachtet werden. Es gilt dann folgender Zusammenhang:

Figure imgb0002
For temperatures up to about 60 ° C and pressures up to 10 bar, moist air can be considered approximately as the ideal gas mixture of air and water vapor. The following relationship then applies:
Figure imgb0002

Um den Taupunkt bei einem willkürlichen anderen Druck P zu erhalten, benötigt man den Taupunkt τ1 beim Druck Pj, liest aus der Gasdruckkurve den zugehörigen Partieldruck PD1, errechnet mit Formel (1) den Partialdruck PD2 und erhält aus dem zugehörigen Punkt auf der Gasdruckkurve den Taupunkt T2.In order to obtain the dew point at an arbitrary different pressure P, one needs the dew point τ 1 at the pressure P j , reads the associated partial pressure P D1 from the gas pressure curve, calculates the partial pressure P D2 using formula (1) and obtains from the associated point the gas pressure curve the dew point T2 .

Für den Fachmann überraschend hat sich gezeigt, daß sich die Taupunkttemperatur τi auf beliebigem Druckniveau durch folgende Geradenapproximation hinreichend genau beschreiben läßt:

Figure imgb0003
Surprisingly for the person skilled in the art, it has been shown that the dew point temperature τ i at any pressure level can be described with sufficient accuracy by the following straight line approximation:
Figure imgb0003

Da die gewünschte Kühlertemperatur um eine Sicherheitsspanne oberhalb der Taupunkttemperatur liegen soll, ergibt sich die gewünschte Temperatur T, zu

Figure imgb0004
Because the desired cooler temperature is a safety margin above the dew point temperature should be, the desired temperature T, results
Figure imgb0004

Diese Linearisierung hat der Vorteil daß man nur Temperaturänderungen zu berücksichtigen braucht. Wie eine Beispielrechnung zeigt, ergeben sich bei einem Approximationsbereich zwischen τa = 0 ... 30°C und P, = 4 ... 6 bar maximale Fehler von 1,5°C.This linearization has the advantage that only temperature changes need to be taken into account. As an example calculation shows, an approximation range between τ a = 0 ... 30 ° C and P, = 4 ... 6 bar results in maximum errors of 1.5 ° C.

In der Figur 1 ist der Zusammenhang zwischen exaktem und angenähertem Verlauf graphisch dargestellt.The relationship between the exact and approximated course is shown graphically in FIG.

Die Konstanten können einfach berechnet werden, indem für drei Arbeitspunkte aus dem Approximationsbereich die exakten Taupunkttemperaturen aus den Dampfdrucktafeln entnommen und in die Geradengleichungen eingesetzt werden.The constants can be easily calculated by taking the exact dew point temperatures from the vapor pressure tables for three working points from the approximation area and inserting them into the straight line equations.

In Fig. 2, in der eine Regelanordnung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens dargestellt ist, wurden folgende Symbole verwendet:

Figure imgb0005
The following symbols have been used in FIG. 2, which shows a control arrangement for carrying out the method according to the invention:
Figure imgb0005

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ermöglicht es, die Temperatur des Gases in Zwischenkühlern von Gasverdichtern mit einfachen Mitteln so zu regeln, daß der Wirkungskreis der Verdichteranlage nicht gemindert, die Ansaugleistung erhalten bleibt und ein dauerhafter korrosionsfreier Betrieb gesichert ist. Durch eine Linearisierung im jeweiligen Arbeitsbereich läßt sich die Regelung mit geringem Geräteaufwand zuverlässig durchführen. Weiterhin beziehen sich die vorstehenden Ausführungen sämtlich auf Temperaturen, die in Grad Celsius gemessen werden.The method according to the invention makes it possible to regulate the temperature of the gas in intercoolers of gas compressors with simple means in such a way that the effective range of the compressor system is not reduced, the suction power is retained and permanent, corrosion-free operation is ensured. Linearization in the respective work area enables the control to be carried out reliably with little expenditure on equipment. Furthermore, the above statements all relate to temperatures which are measured in degrees Celsius.

Claims (1)

  1. A process for the intermediate cooling of compressed gases without condensate forming, in which process a basic quantity defining the condition of the gas for compression is measured before the first compressor stage and the set-value for the condition of the gas on the intake side of each of the compressor stages following the first is calculated by means of a linearized function, characterised in that the dewpoint temperature τa of the gas for compression on the intake side of the first compressor stage and the pressure pi of the gas for compression on the intake side of each compressor stage following the first are measured and these measurements are used, by reference to the equation:
    Figure imgb0007
    to calculate the permissible cooler temperature Ti as the set-value, and the temperature of the gas for compression on the intake side of each compressor stage following the first is determined as the actual value, a,, bi and c, having fixed values for each stage.
EP80101077A 1979-03-12 1980-03-04 Process for the interstage cooling, without condensation, of compressed gases Expired EP0015535B1 (en)

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DE2909675A DE2909675C3 (en) 1979-03-12 1979-03-12 Process for condensate-free intermediate cooling of compressed gases
DE2909675 1979-03-12

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EP0015535B1 true EP0015535B1 (en) 1984-06-13

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DE2909675A1 (en) 1980-09-25
EP0015535A1 (en) 1980-09-17
DE2909675B2 (en) 1981-04-02
DE2909675C3 (en) 1981-11-19
US4362462A (en) 1982-12-07
JPS55128694A (en) 1980-10-04
JPS6330520B2 (en) 1988-06-17

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