EP0015535A1 - Process for the interstage cooling, without condensation, of compressed gases - Google Patents

Process for the interstage cooling, without condensation, of compressed gases Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0015535A1
EP0015535A1 EP80101077A EP80101077A EP0015535A1 EP 0015535 A1 EP0015535 A1 EP 0015535A1 EP 80101077 A EP80101077 A EP 80101077A EP 80101077 A EP80101077 A EP 80101077A EP 0015535 A1 EP0015535 A1 EP 0015535A1
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Prior art keywords
gas
compressed
suction side
temperature
calculated
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EP80101077A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0015535B1 (en
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Wilfried Dipl.-Ing. Blotenberg
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MAN AG
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MAN Maschinenfabrik Augsburg Nuernberg AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
    • F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/5826—Cooling at least part of the working fluid in a heat exchanger
    • F04D29/5833—Cooling at least part of the working fluid in a heat exchanger flow schemes and regulation thereto

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  • the invention relates to a method for the condensate-free intercooling of compressed gases, an essential measured value determining the state of the gas to be compressed being determined before the first compressor stage and the setpoint for the state of the gas on the suction side of each of the first compressor stages following using a ix diagram linearized representing function is calculated.
  • Such a method as e.g. is known from DE-AS 2 113 038, although it already allows a certain calculation of the permissible temperatures of the gas to be compressed in the intercoolers, since in the known method the intake temperature is measured and a relative humidity of 100% is assumed the calculated temperature values are not precise enough to obtain optimal measured values. In addition, the quite considerable influence of the radiator pressure is not taken into account there. The temperatures determined are therefore not insignificantly too high at operating pressures which are below the maximum possible cooler pressure and at relative intake humidities which are below 100%.
  • This object is achieved in that the dew point temperature (absolute humidity) ⁇ a of the gas to be compressed is measured on the suction side of the first subsequent compressor stage and from these measured values using an equation the permissible cooler temperature T i is calculated as the target value and the temperature of each of the first following compressor stages is also determined as the actual value, where a i , b i and c i are constant.
  • the constants can be easily calculated by taking the exact dew point temperatures from the vapor pressure tables for three working points from the approximation area and inserting them into the straight line equations.
  • FIG. 2 shows a control arrangement for carrying out the method according to the invention:
  • the inventive method makes it possible to regulate the temperature of the gas in intercoolers of gas compressors with simple means so that the effective range of the compressor system is not reduced, the suction capacity is maintained and permanent, corrosion-free operation is ensured. Linearization in the respective work area enables the control to be carried out reliably with little expenditure on equipment. We can therefore speak of an excellent solution to the problems at hand.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
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Abstract

Verfahren, wobei ein wesentlicher, den Zustand des zu verdichtenden Gases bestimmender Messwert vor der ersten Verdichtungsstufe ermittelt wird und der Sollwert für den Zustand des Gases auf der Saugseite jeder der der ersten folgenden Verdichterstufen mit Hilfe einer das i-x Diagramm linearisiert darstellenden Funktion berechnet wird, wobei die Taupunkttemperatur (absolute Feuchte) τa des zu verdichtenden Gases auf der Saugseite der ersten Verdichterstufe und der Druck pi des zu verdichtenden Gases auf der Saugseite jeder der der ersten folgenden Verdichterstufe gemessen wird und aus diesen Messwerten anhand einer Gleichung Ti = ai · τa + bi · pi + ci die zulässige Kühlertemperatur Ti als Sollwert berechnet wird und weiterhin die Temperatur des zu verdichtenden Gases auf der Saugseite jeder der ersten folgenden Verdichterstufe als Istwert bestimmt wird, wobei ai, bi und ci Konstante sind.Method in which an essential measured value determining the state of the gas to be compressed is determined before the first compression stage and the setpoint for the state of the gas on the suction side of each of the first subsequent compressor stages is calculated with the aid of a function which represents the ix diagram in a linearized manner, wherein the dew point temperature (absolute humidity) τa of the gas to be compressed on the suction side of the first compressor stage and the pressure pi of the gas to be compressed on the suction side of each of the first compressor stage following is measured and from these measured values using an equation Ti = ai · τa + bi · Pi + ci the permissible cooler temperature Ti is calculated as the target value and the temperature of the gas to be compressed on the suction side of each of the first subsequent compressor stages is determined as the actual value, where ai, bi and ci are constants.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur kondensatfreien Zwischenkühlung verdichteter Gase, wobei ein wesentlicher, den Zustand des zu verdichtenden Gases bestimmender Meßwert vor der ersten Verdichterstufe ermittelt wird und der Sollwert für den Zustand des Gases auf der Saugseite jeder der der ersten folgenden Verdichterstufe mit Hilfe einer das i-x Diagramm linearisiert darstellenden Funktion berechnet wird.The invention relates to a method for the condensate-free intercooling of compressed gases, an essential measured value determining the state of the gas to be compressed being determined before the first compressor stage and the setpoint for the state of the gas on the suction side of each of the first compressor stages following using a ix diagram linearized representing function is calculated.

Ein derartiges Verfahren, wie es z.B. aus der DE-AS 2 113 038 bekannt ist, ermöglicht zwar bereits eine gewisse Berechnung der zulässigen Temperaturen des zu verdichtenden Gases in den Zwischenkühlern, da bei dem bekannten Verfahren aber die Ansaugtemperatur gemessen wird und von einer relativen Feuchte von 100 % ausgegangen wird, sind die berechneten Temperaturwerte nicht exakt genug, um optimale Meßwerte zu erhalten. Außerdem bleibt dort der recht beachtliche Einfluß des Kühlerdrucks unberücksichtigt. Die ermittelten Temperaturen sind also bei Betriebsdrücken, die unterhalb des maximal möglichen Kühlerdrucks liegen und bei relativen Ansaugfeuchten, die unter 100 % liegen, nicht unwesentlich zu hoch.Such a method as e.g. is known from DE-AS 2 113 038, although it already allows a certain calculation of the permissible temperatures of the gas to be compressed in the intercoolers, since in the known method the intake temperature is measured and a relative humidity of 100% is assumed the calculated temperature values are not precise enough to obtain optimal measured values. In addition, the quite considerable influence of the radiator pressure is not taken into account there. The temperatures determined are therefore not insignificantly too high at operating pressures which are below the maximum possible cooler pressure and at relative intake humidities which are below 100%.

Der Wirkungsgrad der Anlage ist damit geringer als maximal möglich.The efficiency of the system is therefore less than the maximum possible.

Es ist jetzt Aufgabe der Erfindung, das eingangs genannte Verfahren dahingehend zu verbessern, daß die zulässige Kühlertemperatur jedes der Zwischenkühler mit geringem Aufwand nahezu exakt berechnet und kontrolliert werden kann, um so zum einen die bekannten Nachteile durch die Unterschreitung der zulässigen Taupunkttemperatur zu vermeiden, andererseits aber den Wirkungsgrad der Verdichtungsanlage so gut wie möglich zu halten. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Taupunkttemperatur (absolute Feuchte) τ a des zu verdichtenden Gases auf der Saugseite der ersten folgenden Verdichterstufe gemessen wird und aus diesen Meßwerten an Hand einer Gleichung

Figure imgb0001
die zulässige Kühlertemperatur Ti als Sollwert berechnet wird und weiterhin die Temperatur jeder der ersten folgenden Verdichterstufe als Istwert bestimmt wird, wobei ai, bi und ci Konstante sind.It is an object of the invention to improve the method mentioned at the outset such that the permissible cooler temperature of each of the intercoolers can be calculated and controlled almost exactly with little effort, in order to avoid the known disadvantages by falling below the permissible dew point temperature, on the one hand, and on the other hand but the efficiency of the compression system as good as possible to keep. This object is achieved in that the dew point temperature (absolute humidity) τ a of the gas to be compressed is measured on the suction side of the first subsequent compressor stage and from these measured values using an equation
Figure imgb0001
 the permissible cooler temperature T i is calculated as the target value and the temperature of each of the first following compressor stages is also determined as the actual value, where a i , b i and c i are constant.

Im folgenden wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung an Hand einer Schemazeichnung näher erläutert. Die Konstanten ai und ci, die in der Größenordnung 1 - 5 liegen, können mit handelsüblichen Regelsystemen durch mehrfache Addition der Meßgrößen zu sich selbst und anschließender Abschwächung in einem Spannungsteiler realisiert werden.An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of a schematic drawing. The constants a i and c i , which are in the order of magnitude 1-5, can be achieved with standard control systems by multiple addition of the measured variables to themselves and subsequent weakening in a voltage divider.

Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 die Abhängigkeit des Taupunktes τ2 nach der zweiten Verdichterstufe vom Taupunkt des Ausgangsgases τa für verschiedene Drücke (dargestellt sind der tatsächliche Verlauf und die dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zugrunde liegende Näherung) und
  • Figur 2 ein Regelschema zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
Show it:
  • 1 shows the dependence of the dew point τ 2 after the second compressor stage on the dew point of the starting gas τ a for different pressures (the actual course and the approximation underlying the method according to the invention are shown) and
  • Figure 2 is a control scheme for performing the method according to the invention.

Bei den verwendeten Symbolen kennzeichnen der Index a den Anfangszustand vor der ersten Verdichterstufe und der Index i = 1, 2, 3 ... die Zahl der erfolgten Verdichtungen.In the symbols used, the index a indicates the initial state before the first compressor stage and the index i = 1, 2, 3 ... the number of compressions that have taken place.

Für Temperaturen bis etwa 60 °C und Drücke bis 10 bar kann feuchte Luft näherungsweise als ideales Gasgemisch von Luft- und Wasserdampf betrachtet werden. Es gilt dann folgender Zusammenhang:

Figure imgb0002
For temperatures up to about 60 ° C and pressures up to 10 bar, moist air can be considered approximately as the ideal gas mixture of air and water vapor. The following relationship then applies:
Figure imgb0002

Um den Taupunkt beim Druck Pz zu erhalten, benötigt man den Taupunkt τ1 beim Druck P1, liest aus der Gasdruckkurve den zugehörigen Partieldruck PD1, errechnet mit Formel (1) den Partialdruck PD2 und erhält aus dem zugehörigen Punkt auf der Gasdruckkurve den Taupunkt τ2.In order to obtain the dew point at pressure P z, one needs the dew point τ 1 at pressure P 1 , reads the associated partial pressure P D1 from the gas pressure curve, calculates the partial pressure P D2 using formula (1) and obtains the corresponding point on the gas pressure curve the dew point τ 2 .

Für den Fachmann überraschend hat sich gezeigt, daß sich die Taupunkttemperatur τ1 auf beliebigem Druckniveau durch folgende Geradenapproximation hinreichend genau beschreiben läßt:

Figure imgb0003
Surprisingly for the person skilled in the art, it has been shown that the dew point temperature τ 1 can be described with sufficient precision at any pressure level by the following straight line approximation:
Figure imgb0003

Da die gewünschte Kühlertemperatur um eine Sicherheitsspanne oberhalb der Taupunkttemperatur liegen soll, ergibt sich die gewünschte Temperatur Ti zu

Figure imgb0004
Durch die Linearisierung entfällt die Notwendigkeit, Absoluttemperaturen zu berücksichtigen. Wie eine Beispielrechnung zeigt, ergeben sich bei einem Approximationsbereich zwischen τa = 0 ... 30 °C und Pi = 4 ... 6 bar maximale Fehler von 1,5 C.Since the desired cooler temperature should be above the dew point temperature by a safety margin, the desired temperature T i results
Figure imgb0004
 Linearization eliminates the need to take absolute temperatures into account. As an example calculation shows, an approximation range between τ a = 0 ... 30 ° C and P i = 4 ... 6 bar results in maximum errors of 1.5 C.

In der Figur 1 ist der Zusammenhang zwischen exaktem und angenähertem Verlauf graphisch dargestellt.The relationship between the exact and approximated course is shown graphically in FIG.

Die Konstanten können einfach berechnet werden, indem für drei Arbeitspunkte aus dem Approximationsbereich die exakten Taupunkttemperaturen aus den Dampfdrucktafeln entnommen und in die Geradengleichungen eingesetzt werden.The constants can be easily calculated by taking the exact dew point temperatures from the vapor pressure tables for three working points from the approximation area and inserting them into the straight line equations.

In Fig. 2, in der eine Regelanordnung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens dargestellt ist, wurden folgende Symbole verwendet:

Figure imgb0005
Figure imgb0006
Figure imgb0007
Figure imgb0008
Figure imgb0009
Figure imgb0010
Figure imgb0011
Figure imgb0012
 The following symbols have been used in FIG. 2, which shows a control arrangement for carrying out the method according to the invention:
Figure imgb0005
Figure imgb0006
Figure imgb0007
Figure imgb0008
Figure imgb0009
Figure imgb0010
Figure imgb0011
Figure imgb0012

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ermöglicht es, die Temperatur des Gases in Zwischenkühlern von Gasverdichtern mit einfachen Mitteln so zu regeln, daß der Wirkungskreis der Verdichteranlage nicht gemindert, die Ansaugleistung erhalten bleibt und ein dauerhafter korrosionsfreier Betrieb gesichert ist. Durch eine Linearisierung im jeweiligen Arbeitsbereich läßt sich die Regelung mit geringem Geräteaufwand zuverlässig durchführen. Es kann daher von einer hervorragenden Lösung der anstehenden Probleme gesprochen werden.The inventive method makes it possible to regulate the temperature of the gas in intercoolers of gas compressors with simple means so that the effective range of the compressor system is not reduced, the suction capacity is maintained and permanent, corrosion-free operation is ensured. Linearization in the respective work area enables the control to be carried out reliably with little expenditure on equipment. We can therefore speak of an excellent solution to the problems at hand.

Claims (1)

Verfahren zur kondensatfreien Zwischenkühlung verdichteter Gase, wobei ein wesentlicher, den Zustand des zu verdichtenden Gases bestimmender Meßwert vor der ersten Verdichterstufe ermittelt wird und der Sollwert für den Zustand des Gases auf der Saugseite jeder der der ersten folgenden Verdichterstufen mit Hilfe einer das i-x Diagramm linearisiert darstellenden Funktion berechnet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Taupunkttemperatur (absolute Feuchte) τa des zu verdichtenden Gases auf der Saugseite der ersten Verdichterstufe und der Druck pi des zu verdichtenden Gases auf der Saugseite jeder der der ersten folgenden Verdichterstufe gemessen wird und aus diesen Meßwerten an Hand einer Gleichung
Figure imgb0013
die zulässige Kühlertemperatur Ti als Sollwert berechnet wird und weiterhin die Temperatur des zu verdichtenden Gases auf der Saugseite jeder der ersten folgenden Verdichterstufe als Istwert bestimmt wird, wobei ai, bi und ci Konstante sind.Process for the condensate-free intercooling of compressed gases, whereby an essential measured value determining the state of the gas to be compressed is determined before the first compressor stage and the setpoint for the state of the gas on the suction side of each of the first subsequent compressor stages using a linearized representation of the ix diagram Function is calculated, characterized in that the dew point temperature (absolute humidity) τ a of the gas to be compressed on the suction side of the first compressor stage and the pressure pi of the gas to be compressed on the suction side of each of the first compressor stage following is measured and from these measurements Hand of an equation
Figure imgb0013
 the permissible cooler temperature T i is calculated as the desired value and the temperature of the gas to be compressed on the suction side of each of the first subsequent compressor stages is also determined as the actual value, with a i , b i and c i being constant.
EP80101077A 1979-03-12 1980-03-04 Process for the interstage cooling, without condensation, of compressed gases Expired EP0015535B1 (en)

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DE2909675 1979-03-12
DE2909675A DE2909675C3 (en) 1979-03-12 1979-03-12 Process for condensate-free intermediate cooling of compressed gases

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DE1428047A1 (en) * 1962-07-13 1968-11-28 Basf Ag Method and device for the condensation-free operation of multi-stage turbo compressors with intermediate cooling
DE2113038A1 (en) * 1971-03-18 1972-09-28 Huels Chemische Werke Ag Measurement and control arrangement for the condensate-free operation of gas compressors
DE2132141B2 (en) * 1971-06-29 1977-11-03 Gutehoffnungshütte Sterkrade AG, 4200 Oberhausen PROCESS FOR CONDENSATE-FREE OPERATION OF MULTI-STAGE TURBO COMPRESSORS

Cited By (13)

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GB2219348A (en) * 1988-04-07 1989-12-06 Gen Electric Gas turbine engine cooling system for clearance control
GB2219348B (en) * 1988-04-07 1992-10-21 Gen Electric Clearance control system
EP2251622A1 (en) * 2008-01-30 2010-11-17 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Refrigeration device
EP2251622A4 (en) * 2008-01-30 2017-03-29 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Refrigeration device
EP2101064A1 (en) 2008-03-11 2009-09-16 BHDT GmbH Cooling device for a working fluid
RU2511816C2 (en) * 2010-01-25 2014-04-10 Атлас Копко Эрпауэр, Намлозе Веннотсхап Energy recovery method
WO2011088527A3 (en) * 2010-01-25 2012-01-12 Atlas Copco Airpower, Naamloze Vennootschap Method for recovering energy when commpressing gas by a compressor
AU2010343035B2 (en) * 2010-01-25 2015-01-29 Atlas Copco Airpower, Naamloze Vennootschap Method for recovering energy when commpressing gas by a compressor
BE1018598A3 (en) * 2010-01-25 2011-04-05 Atlas Copco Airpower Nv METHOD FOR RECYCLING ENRGIE.
US9976569B2 (en) 2010-01-25 2018-05-22 Atlas Copco Airpower, Naamloze Vennootschap Method for recovering energy
EP3208465A1 (en) * 2016-02-19 2017-08-23 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method for the stepwise compression of a gas
WO2017140910A1 (en) * 2016-02-19 2017-08-24 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method for gradual sealing of a gas
EA037004B1 (en) * 2016-02-19 2021-01-26 Линде Акциенгезельшафт Method for gradual sealing of a gas

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US4362462A (en) 1982-12-07
DE2909675C3 (en) 1981-11-19
JPS6330520B2 (en) 1988-06-17
DE2909675A1 (en) 1980-09-25
EP0015535B1 (en) 1984-06-13
JPS55128694A (en) 1980-10-04
DE2909675B2 (en) 1981-04-02

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