EP0015426B1 - Ground covering element with elevated areas on the top side separated by dummy gaps, group of such ground covering elements and process for manufacturing such elements - Google Patents

Ground covering element with elevated areas on the top side separated by dummy gaps, group of such ground covering elements and process for manufacturing such elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0015426B1
EP0015426B1 EP80100767A EP80100767A EP0015426B1 EP 0015426 B1 EP0015426 B1 EP 0015426B1 EP 80100767 A EP80100767 A EP 80100767A EP 80100767 A EP80100767 A EP 80100767A EP 0015426 B1 EP0015426 B1 EP 0015426B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ground covering
covering element
elements
floor covering
dummy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80100767A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0015426A1 (en
Inventor
Fritz Dipl.-Ing. Noack
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DR BARTH GmbH
F von Langsdorff Bauverfahren GmbH
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DR BARTH GmbH
F von Langsdorff Bauverfahren GmbH
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Application filed by DR BARTH GmbH, F von Langsdorff Bauverfahren GmbH filed Critical DR BARTH GmbH
Priority to AT80100767T priority Critical patent/ATE3889T1/en
Publication of EP0015426A1 publication Critical patent/EP0015426A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C2201/00—Paving elements
    • E01C2201/16—Elements joined together

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a floor covering element with raised areas on the utility side which are separated from one another by dummy joints, which are provided in several shapes which are different in plan view and which, at least for the most part, each have essentially the shape of an irregular polygon in plan view .
  • the outline has essentially the shape of a regular hexagon.
  • the floor covering elements are not anchored to one another.
  • floor covering elements of the covering can be displaced relatively easily, for example by loading wheels of vehicles above a certain weight, changes in the surface or frost, as a result of which the covering becomes unsightly and puddles can remain in the rain.
  • the object of the invention is to create a floor covering element that can withstand greater stresses in the installed covering and still offers the visual impression of densely arranged, raised areas.
  • the floor covering element is characterized according to the invention in that it has an outline which is derived from a base line with right-angled corners with projections and recesses relative to the base line, the edges of the raised areas facing the outline of the raised areas being and recesses provided outline of the flooring element are at least partially and substantially aligned or run according to the outline contour.
  • the floor covering elements according to the invention anchor each other in the installed covering due to the projections and recesses relative to the imaginary base line, without the result that larger surface areas which are not occupied by raised areas are created.
  • the depressions between the raised areas can be kept small.
  • flaking be it on the outline of the flooring elements, or on the edges of the raised areas, as in the course of the manufacture, loading, in particular unloading. Tilting a tipping truck, and experience has shown that when handling floor covering elements, it no longer has a functional or visual impact because it fits into the irregular polygon shape of the raised areas.
  • the floor covering elements according to the invention are used in particular for covering streets, courtyards, squares, sidewalks, driveways, embankments, water courses and the like. They consist in particular of concrete.
  • interpolygon is intended primarily to refer to those polygons which do not have the same inside corner angles at all corners. An increased degree of irregularity results if the polygons have no axis symmetry and / or no radial symmetry.
  • Another alternative to realizing the raised areas in the form of irregular polygons is to design their edges to be irregular, for example wavy, jagged or otherwise uneven; in this case the polygons are irregular polygons even if all inside corner angles at the polygon corners are the same.
  • all of the raised areas in plan view have essentially the shape of an irregular polygon.
  • the term “different shape of the raised areas” means that the raised areas are different, for example also different sizes with otherwise the same shape.
  • the edges of the raised areas facing the outline of the floor covering element can run parallel to the outline contour there.
  • the imaginary baseline can be a rectangle, preferably twice as long as it is wide.
  • the projections and recesses can, for example, be straight, rounded or straight and rounded, regular or irregular or preferably straight and regular.
  • the projections and recesses are preferably provided such that the floor covering element is given an outline in the manner of a composite stone outline. The most complete composite effect of adjacent flooring elements is achieved if the composite stone outline is designed such that at least part of the outline on the side of the floor covering element, a floor covering element can clamp two adjacent floor covering elements together.
  • At least some of the raised areas preferably have an uneven surface structure. This means unevenness that goes beyond the unevenness inherent in the flooring element material, for example the usual concrete roughness. Examples include the deliberately rougher design of the surface, a pitted design of the surface and the reproduction of a naturally rough surface.
  • the surface structure can also be produced by surface processing, for example grinding, in such a way that depressions remain below the grinding plane in the raised areas, sandblasting, washing out.
  • the edges that are more at risk of breakage or chipping are no longer in the particularly vulnerable area directly on the outline of the flooring element. It is particularly favorable to choose this distance about half as wide as the other dummy joint width, in the case of dummy joints changing width or in the case of different widths of the dummy joints of the flooring element about half as wide as the average dummy joint width. In this way, when flooring elements are placed side by side, there is a distance between the edges of the raised areas of adjacent flooring elements facing the respective flooring element outline, which, for example, taking into account the sand between flooring elements laid next to one another, corresponds to the dummy joint width or the average dummy joint width inside the flooring elements.
  • dummy joints with a depth that changes in their longitudinal direction, for example also to achieve the advantages mentioned in the last paragraph. It can even be provided that the dummy joints pass through in some places up to the side of the floor covering element opposite the utility side. The resulting breakthroughs are favorable, for example, for water drainage.
  • the floor covering element is generally weakened from the useful side to the opposite side compared to the raised areas because of the smaller material thickness. This weakening can specifically be driven so far that the material connections connecting the raised areas below the dummy joints represent predetermined breaking points.
  • the dummy joints can be formed comparatively deep, the base of the dummy joints corrugated, serrated or the like, for example according to DE-OS 22 59 493 or DE-PS 22 59 493, the opposite side to the useful side Provide continuous dummy joint sections of the appropriate size and / or frequency, or choose the dummy joints appropriately wide.
  • the predetermined breaking points are to be designed such that they represent those places at which the floor covering element first breaks after being laid when there is a correspondingly high load due to traffic loads, thermal loads or vibratory loads. This avoids wild cracks through the raised areas and creates a floor covering that responds flexibly to changes in the surface.
  • the invention further relates to a floor covering element group of floor covering elements of the type explained above.
  • all floor covering elements of the floor covering element group have the same outline contour.
  • Under floor covering element group in particular, (a) an arbitrary section from a larger arrangement of floor covering elements, alternatively (b) a floor covering element group defined by the entire area occupied in connection, alternatively (c) a floor covering element group combined by material connections to a laying unit or alternatively (d) one floor covering element group defined by the number of floor covering elements, for example less than fifty floor covering elements, less than twenty floor covering elements or less than ten floor covering elements.
  • the flooring elements typically have dimensions of up to 50 cm in length and up to 25 cm in width.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing the floor covering elements described above.
  • Flooring elements made of concrete are usually machined into a number of juxtaposed and machined in corresponding production forms.
  • This is a simple manufacturing technique for producing the loosened and irregular effect of the covering in the installed state that is made possible according to the invention.
  • the floor covering element according to the invention has raised areas with different shapes in plan view, then in extreme cases these can only be two different shapes. However, it is preferable to provide several different forms of the raised areas; A design in which all raised areas of a floor covering element have a shape different from one another is very particularly preferred.
  • claims 2 to 16 contain terms such as “at least in part”, “at least in part” or the like. In these cases it is preferred that at least the predominant part is designed in the specified sense. Most preferably, all of the specified areas, dummy joints, edges, material connections and the like are then formed in the specified sense.
  • the dummy joints are preferably provided in such a way that they at least partially, preferably all, do not pass straight from one contour edge of the floor covering element to the opposite contour edge of the floor covering element.
  • this results in an optically appealing, loosened-up image, but on the other hand it is also favorable in terms of load, since the cross-sectional weakenings then do not run in a straight line.
  • the floor covering element according to the invention can easily be designed on the basis of the concept according to the invention in such a way that, when laid, it gives the appearance of surface covering with natural stones.
  • the floor covering element groups according to the invention can have one or more features which are known from DE-OSes 22 51 621, 22 59 493, 23 37 816, 24 52 475, 27 32 452, in particular the claims of these DE-OSes.
  • the floor covering element 2 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has an outline 4 in the manner of a composite stone outline.
  • This outline 4 has in relation to a rectangular base line, not shown, which connects the four right-angled outer corners 6 of the flooring element 2 and is twice as long as it is wide, has two recesses 8 and two protrusions 10 on the longitudinal sides and a recess 8 and one on the transverse sides Tab 10 on.
  • the outline 4 of the flooring element 2 shown is known per se and described in more detail in DE-PS 14 59 739, to which reference is made.
  • the floor covering element 2 has on its useful side visible in the plan view of FIG. 1 12 nine raised areas 14. These raised areas 14 are all provided with the exception of a single, substantially square raised area 14 'in the form of irregular polygons.
  • the raised areas 14 are separated from one another by dummy joints 18.
  • the dummy joints 18 extend about a third of the total thickness of the floor covering element measured from the usable surface of the raised areas 14 to the opposite side 20. Most of the dummy joints 18 have a width that changes in the longitudinal direction of the dummy joints.
  • the dummy joint sides run slightly obliquely inwards to facilitate demoulding (Fig. 2).
  • edges 22 of the raised areas 14 facing the outline 4 of the covering element 2 do not coincide with the corresponding outline section, but are set back inwards by a distance 24 with respect to the outline 4.
  • the resulting step becomes analogous to the dummy joints 18 inside the floor covering element 2 also referred to as a dummy joint or edge dummy joint 18 '.
  • the edges 22 are aligned with the outline contour 4 of the flooring element in the sense that they roughly follow the outline 4. In the case of the polygon 14 ', this even goes as far as the parallel course of the edge 22 with the corresponding section of the outline 4, while at all other points there are changing edge dummy joint widths in the longitudinal direction of the edge dummy joints 18'.
  • the extent of the alignment of the edges 22 to the outline 4 goes so far in the example shown that when creating a further floor covering element 2, in turn, dummy joints like the dummy joints 18 arise, which, however, between the two outlines 4 of the adjacent floor covering elements 2 in the sense of real space joints Go through bottom 20.
  • the distances 24 correspond roughly to half the width of the dummy joints 18 in the interior of the flooring element 2 if a suitable averaging of the width is carried out.
  • the left dummy joint 18 in FIG. 2 is about 50% deeper than the right dummy joint 18 in FIG. 2.
  • the edge dummy joints 18 ' are equally deep all around.
  • the individual dummy joints 18 partly have a changing depth in the sense that in some places they pass through to the underside 20 of the flooring element 2 opposite the useful side 28.
  • the resulting breakthroughs are designated 30.
  • these openings 30 can be provided, for example, at the points where three raised areas 14 come together. Analogously, the openings 30 could also or additionally be provided at points where four or even more raised areas 14 come together. Another possibility is shown at the bottom in FIG. 1. Breakthroughs 30 are provided there in the area of the dummy joints 18, which is middle in terms of length, between two adjacent raised areas 14.
  • the surface structures of individual raised areas 14 can differ, for example, not only by the size of the grain, the depth of the grain or the like, but also, for example, by the different direction of the grain in the plan view.
  • the outline 4 of the floor covering element 2 shown in FIG. 3 can be thought to have arisen from a rectangular basic shape. On each long side of this basic shape rectangle there is a recess 8 with a straight base and a rounded transition into the rest of the outline 4, so that the outline 4 takes on an overall dog-bone-like shape.
  • Each recess 8 is so long that two additional floor covering elements 2 can be placed on one longitudinal side of the floor covering element 2, each offset by half a floor covering element length, the wider head and foot regions of the floor covering elements 2 projecting into the recess $.
  • the floor covering element 2 shown in FIG. 3 has seven raised areas 14, including an elevated area 14 'of approximately square shape. These raised areas 14 and 14 'are separated from one another by dummy joints 18. Because of the exact shape of the raised areas 14 and 14 'and the course of the dummy joints 18, reference is expressly made to FIG. 3.
  • edges 22 of the raised areas 14 facing the outline 4 coincide with the outline 4 at several points, so that there are no edge dummy joints 18 'at these points.
  • the outline 4 of the floor covering element 2 shown in FIG. 4 can be thought of as having arisen in such a way that with a rectangular outline 4 the upper longitudinal end region in FIG. 4 to the left and the lower longitudinal end region in FIG. 4 to the right by in each case are rotated at the same angle. Overall, this results in an approximately Z-shaped shape of the floor covering element 2.
  • the outline 4 of the floor covering element 2 shown in FIG. 4 is described in more detail in DE-PS 960 359, to which reference is made here.
  • the floor covering element 2 shown in FIG. 4 has six raised areas 14 which are separated from one another by dummy joints 18. Because of the shape of the raised areas 14 and the course of the dummy joints 18, reference is expressly made to FIG. 4.
  • the floor covering elements 2 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 have no openings 30 like the floor covering element shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 shows a floor covering element group 40 comprising three floor covering elements 2 of the same format.
  • the three flooring elements 2 likewise have projections and recesses 10 and 8 with respect to a rectangular base line, not shown, which connects the outer corners 6 of the respective flooring element 2 to one another.
  • the baseline rectangle is twice as long as it is wide.
  • the projections and recesses 10 and 8 are delimited by a sine line each starting from an outer corner 6, two rounded recesses 8 and two rounded projections 10 on the longitudinal side in each case and a rounded recess 8 and a rounded projection on the transverse side in each case 10 is coming.
  • the individual covering elements 2 are designed similarly to the covering element 2 shown in FIG. 1, so that the details need not be described again.
  • the raised areas-14 and the dummy joints 18 have different dimensions. With regard to these dimensions, reference is expressly made to FIG. 5.
  • no openings 30 are provided, but possible.
  • Two of the floor covering elements 2 forming the group 40 are identical and are arranged in the floor covering element group on the transverse side on the transverse side.
  • the third floor covering element 2 of the floor covering element group 40 is arranged offset by half a length in relation to the other two floor covering elements 2.
  • a long side of this floor covering element 2 is opposite a half long side of an adjoining floor covering element 2 and a long side half of the further adjoining floor covering element 2.
  • the three flooring elements 2 of the flooring element group 40 are related in that each flooring element 2 is connected to the two adjacent flooring elements 2 by two material connections 42 each. These material connections 42 are each located approximately in the middle of the outline regions, along which the floor covering elements 2 arranged next to one another are adjacent to one another. In this example, the material connections 42 each take up about a third of the length of these adjacent lengths.
  • the material connections 42 as well as the flooring elements 2 themselves are made of concrete. They are as high as the subsequent edge dummy joints 18 ', but can also be lower.
  • the edge 22 facing the outline 4 is rounded in rough approximation to the outline. However, this is not the case for all corresponding edges 22.
  • FIG. 5 shows a floor covering element group 40 comprising three floor covering elements 2. It goes without saying that the group can also comprise a larger number of floor covering elements 2 and that a different type of mutual association of the floor covering elements 2 can be selected. A particularly preferred mutual assignment is that of a herringbone network.
  • the material connections 42 only take up a portion of the length available per se for connecting the individual floor covering elements 2, they represent predetermined breaking points at which the floor covering element group 40 breaks into the individual floor covering elements 2 when a certain limit load is exceeded.
  • the floor covering element groups according to the invention can also have dissimilar and / or irregularly outlined floor covering elements.
  • the openings between the individual flooring elements can run irregularly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
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  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
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  • Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
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Abstract

A ground covering element adapted for positioning adjacent another ground covering element. The outer contour of the ground covering element forms projections and recesses about its entire periphery, has corner projections which form the vertices of a rectangle and line portions all of which are oblique to the sides of the rectangle connecting the corner projections. At least two of the line portions connecting each of the vertices are of equal length and the remaining line portions have lengths which are integer multiples of the lengths of the at least two line portions of equal length. A plurality of irregular spaced polygons project from the top surface to form raised portions, the majority of the polygons differing in shape from each other. The edges of the raised portions are straight and separated from each other by dummy gaps having widths which vary linearly along the entire length thereof and from the periphery of the ground covering element by marginal dummy gaps. The edge of each raised portion adjacent the periphery of the element substantially follows the contour thereof and has a distance therefrom such that the average distance between the edge of the raised portion adjacent the periphery and the contour is approximately equal to the average width of the dummy gaps between the raised portions. Sand is used to fill the space between the adjacent ground covering elements thereby effectively concealing this space from view.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Bodenbelagelement mit durch Scheinfugen voneinander abgesetzten, erhöhten Bereichen an der Nutzseite, die in mehreren, in der Draufsicht unterschiedlichen Formen vorgesehen sind und die, mindestens zum überwiegenden Teil, in der Draufsicht jeweils im wesentlichen die Form eines unregelmäßigen Polygons haben.The invention relates to a floor covering element with raised areas on the utility side which are separated from one another by dummy joints, which are provided in several shapes which are different in plan view and which, at least for the most part, each have essentially the shape of an irregular polygon in plan view .

Bei einem bekannten Bodenbelagelement dieser Art (deutsches Gebrauchsmuster 17 90 054) hat der Umriß im wesentlichen die Gestalt eines regelmäßigen Sechsecks. Bei einem Belag aus derartigen, nebeneinander verlegten Bodenbelagelementen sind die Bodenbelagelemente nicht miteinander verankert. Infolgedessen kann es relativ leicht, beispielsweise durch Belastung mit Rädern von Fahrzeugen oberhalb eines bestimmten Gewichts, Untergrundveränderungen oder Frost, zur Verlagerung von Bodenbelagelementen des Belags kommen, wodurch der Belag unansehnlich wird und bei Regen Pfützen stehenbleiben können.In a known floor covering element of this type (German utility model 17 90 054), the outline has essentially the shape of a regular hexagon. In the case of a covering made of such floor covering elements laid next to one another, the floor covering elements are not anchored to one another. As a result, floor covering elements of the covering can be displaced relatively easily, for example by loading wheels of vehicles above a certain weight, changes in the surface or frost, as a result of which the covering becomes unsightly and puddles can remain in the rain.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Bodenbelagelement zu schaffen, dam im verlegten Belag größeren Beanspruchungen standhält und nach wie vor den optischen Eindruck von dicht an dicht angeordneten erhöhten Bereichen bietet.The object of the invention is to create a floor covering element that can withstand greater stresses in the installed covering and still offers the visual impression of densely arranged, raised areas.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist das Bodenbelagelement erfindungsgemäß dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es einen Umriß, der von einer Grundlinie mit rechtwinkligen Ecken abgeleitet ist mit Vor- und Rücksprüngen relativ zur Grundlinie aufweist, wobei die dem Umriß des Bodenbelagelements zugewandten Ränder der erhöhten Bereiche dem mit Vor- und Rücksprüngen versehenen Umriß des Bodenbelagelements mindestens zum Teil und im wesentlichen angeglichen sind bzw. entsprechend der Umrißkontur verlaufen.To achieve this object, the floor covering element is characterized according to the invention in that it has an outline which is derived from a base line with right-angled corners with projections and recesses relative to the base line, the edges of the raised areas facing the outline of the raised areas being and recesses provided outline of the flooring element are at least partially and substantially aligned or run according to the outline contour.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Bodenbelagelemente verankern sich im verlegten Belag aufgrund der Vor- und Rücksprünge relativ zur gedachten Grundlinie gegenseitig, ohne daß deshalb größere, nicht von erhöhten Bereichen eingenommene Flächenbereiche entstehen. Somit ergibt sich ein optisch ansprechendes, durchgehendes Bild und ein sehr belastungsfähiger Belag. Die Vertiefungen zwischen den erhöhten Bereichen können kleinflächig gehalten werden. Darüber hinaus ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß Abplatzungen, sei es am Umriß der Bodenbelagelemente, sei es an den Rändern der erhöhten Bereiche, wie sie im .Verlauf der Herstellung, des Verladens, insbesondere des Abladens durch. Kippen eines Kipp-Lastkraftwagens, und beim Hantieren mit den Bodenbelagelementen erfahrungsgemäß vorkommen, funktionell und optisch nicht mehr störend wirken, da sie sich an die unregelmäßige Polygonform der erhöhten Bereiche einordnen. Analoges gilt für farbliche Aussehensveränderungen, beispielsweise Ausblühungen oder Betonverfärbungen bei aus Beton bestehenden Bodenbelagelementen, und ferner für den Fall, daß die Formen zur Herstellung der Bodenbelagelemente bereits einen gewissen Verschleiß aufweisen; das nicht mehr exakte Einhalten der bei neuen Herstellungsformen gegebenen exakten Form der Bodenbelagelemente tritt funktionell und optisch nicht mehr nachteilig in Erscheinung. Ferner kann man stark beschädigte oder gar gebrochene Bodenbelagelemente ohne weiteres für Reparaturen und Auspflasterungen an den Rändern zu belegender Flächen noch einsetzen, so daß das Anfallen von Abfall verringert wird.The floor covering elements according to the invention anchor each other in the installed covering due to the projections and recesses relative to the imaginary base line, without the result that larger surface areas which are not occupied by raised areas are created. This results in a visually appealing, continuous image and a very resilient covering. The depressions between the raised areas can be kept small. In addition, there is the advantage that flaking, be it on the outline of the flooring elements, or on the edges of the raised areas, as in the course of the manufacture, loading, in particular unloading. Tilting a tipping truck, and experience has shown that when handling floor covering elements, it no longer has a functional or visual impact because it fits into the irregular polygon shape of the raised areas. The same applies to changes in color appearance, for example efflorescence or discoloration of concrete in floor covering elements, and also in the event that the molds for producing the floor covering elements already show a certain amount of wear; the fact that the exact shape of the floor covering elements given in new production forms is no longer exact no longer appears functionally and optically disadvantageous. Furthermore, heavily damaged or even broken flooring elements can still be used for repairs and paving at the edges of surfaces to be covered, so that the accumulation of waste is reduced.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Bodenbelagelemente dienen insbesondere zum Belegen von Straßen, Höfen, Plätzen, Gehwegen, Einfahrten, Böschungen, Wasserläufen und dergleichen. Sie bestehen insbesondere aus Beton.The floor covering elements according to the invention are used in particular for covering streets, courtyards, squares, sidewalks, driveways, embankments, water courses and the like. They consist in particular of concrete.

Mit dem Begriff "unregelmäßiges Polygon" sollen in erster Linie solche Polygone bezeichnet sein, die nicht an allen Ecken gleiche Innen-Eckwinkel besitzen. Ein erhöhter Grad an Unregelmäßigkeit ergibt sich, wenn die Polygone keine Achsensymmetrie und/oder keine Radialsymmetrie besitzen. Eine andere Alternative zur Verwirklichung der erhöhten Bereiche in der Form unregelmäßiger Polygone besteht darin, deren Ränder unregelmäßig verlaufend, beispielsweise wellig, zackig oder andersartig ungeradlinig verlaufend, auszubilden; in diesem Fall sind die Polygone selbst dann unregelmäßige Polygone, wenn alle Innen-Eckwinkel an den Polygonecken gleich sind.The term "irregular polygon" is intended primarily to refer to those polygons which do not have the same inside corner angles at all corners. An increased degree of irregularity results if the polygons have no axis symmetry and / or no radial symmetry. Another alternative to realizing the raised areas in the form of irregular polygons is to design their edges to be irregular, for example wavy, jagged or otherwise uneven; in this case the polygons are irregular polygons even if all inside corner angles at the polygon corners are the same.

Vorzugsweise haben alle erhöhten Bereiche in der Draufsicht jeweils im wesentlichen die Form eines unregelmäßigen Polygons. Der Begriff "unterschiedliche Form der erhöhten Bereiche" bedeutet Unterschiedlichkeit der erhöhten Bereiche schlechthin, beispielsweise auch unterschiedliche Größe bei ansonsten gleicher Gestalt. Die dem Umriß des Bodenbelagelements zugewandten Ränder der erhöhten Bereiche können parallel zur dortigen Umrißkontur verlaufen. Die gedachte Grundlinie kann ein, vorzugsweise doppelt so langes wie breites, Rechteck sein. Die Vor- und Rücksprünge können beispielsweise geradlinig, gerundet oder geradlinig und gerundet, regelmäßig oder unregelmäßig oder vorzugsweise geradlinig und regelmäßig sein. Vorzugsweise sind die Vor- und Rücksprünge so vorgesehen, daß das Bodenbelagelement einen Umriß nach Art eines Verbundsteinumrisses erhält. Die vollständigste Verbundwirkung nebeneinanderliegender Bodenbelagelemente erreicht man, wenn der Verbundsteinumriß so ausgebildet ist, daß zumindest bezüglich eines Teils der Umrißseiten des Bodenbelagelements ein Bodenbelagelement zwei benachbarte Bodenbelagelemente miteinander verklammern kann.Preferably, all of the raised areas in plan view have essentially the shape of an irregular polygon. The term “different shape of the raised areas” means that the raised areas are different, for example also different sizes with otherwise the same shape. The edges of the raised areas facing the outline of the floor covering element can run parallel to the outline contour there. The imaginary baseline can be a rectangle, preferably twice as long as it is wide. The projections and recesses can, for example, be straight, rounded or straight and rounded, regular or irregular or preferably straight and regular. The projections and recesses are preferably provided such that the floor covering element is given an outline in the manner of a composite stone outline. The most complete composite effect of adjacent flooring elements is achieved if the composite stone outline is designed such that at least part of the outline on the side of the floor covering element, a floor covering element can clamp two adjacent floor covering elements together.

Aus dem deutschen Gebrauchsmuster 73 18 305 ist ein Bodenbelagelement mit Vor-und Rücksprüngen am Umfang und kreisförmigen, erhöhten Bereichen bekannt. Die Ränder der kreisförmigen, erhöhten Bereiche sind dem Verlauf der Vor- und Rücksprünge nicht angeglichen, und durch die Kreisform der erhöhten Bereiche sowie diese Nichtangleichung bestehen zwangsläufig relativ große Vertiefungen zwischen den erhöhten Bereichen, die für das Begehen und Befahren des Belags unpraktisch sind. Außerdem sind Abplatzungen an den Rändern der erhöhten Bereiche optisch störend.From German utility model 73 18 305 a floor covering element with projections and recesses on the circumference and circular, raised areas is known. The edges of the circular, raised areas are not aligned with the course of the projections and recesses, and due to the circular shape of the raised areas and this non-alignment, there are inevitably relatively large depressions between the raised areas, which are impractical for walking on and covering the surface. In addition, flaking at the edges of the raised areas is visually disturbing.

Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Bodenbelagelements sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 11 angegeben. Auf einige Weiterbildungen wird im folgenden erläuternd noch genauer eingegangen.Preferred developments and refinements of the floor covering element according to the invention are specified in subclaims 2 to 11. Some further developments are explained in more detail below.

Vorzugsweise besitzt mindestens ein Teil der erhöhten Bereiche eine unebene Oberflächenstruktur. Hierunter werden Unebenheiten verstanden, die über die dem Bodenbelagelementmaterial innewohnenden Unebenheiten, beispielsweise die üblichen Betonrauhigkeiten, hinausgehen. Als Beispiele seien die bewußt rauhere Gestaltung der Oberfläche, eine narbige Gestaltung der Oberfläche und die Nachbildung einer natürlich-bruchrauhen Oberfläche genannt. Die Oberflächenstruktur kann auch durch Oberflächenbearbeitung, beispielsweise Schleifen, insbesondere so, daß an den erhöhten Bereichen noch Vertiefungen unterhalb der Schleifebene verbleiben, Sandstrahlen, Auswaschen, erzeugt sein.At least some of the raised areas preferably have an uneven surface structure. This means unevenness that goes beyond the unevenness inherent in the flooring element material, for example the usual concrete roughness. Examples include the deliberately rougher design of the surface, a pitted design of the surface and the reproduction of a naturally rough surface. The surface structure can also be produced by surface processing, for example grinding, in such a way that depressions remain below the grinding plane in the raised areas, sandblasting, washing out.

Vorzugsweise hat mindestens ein Teil der dem Umriß des Bodenbelagelements zugewandten Ränder der erhöhten Bereiche in der Draufsicht einen Abstand vom Umriß des Bodenbelagelements.In plan view, at least a part of the edges of the raised areas facing the outline of the floor covering element is at a distance from the outline of the floor covering element.

Auf diese Weise liegen die erhöht bruchgefährdeten oder abplatzgefährdeten diesbezüglichen Ränder nicht mehr im besonders gefährdeten Bereich unmittelbar am Umriß des Bodenbelagelements. Besonders günstig ist es, diesen Abstand etwa halb so breit wie die sonstige Scheinfugenbreite, im Fall von Scheinfugen sich ändernder Breite oder im Fall von unterschiedlichen Breiten der Scheinfugen des Bodenbelagelements etwa halb so breit wie die gemittelte Scheinfugenbreite, zu wählen. Auf diese Weise entsteht beim Nebeneinanderlegen von Bodenbelagelementen zwischen den dem jeweiligen Bodenbelagelementumriß zugewandten Rändern der erhöhten Bereiche benachbarter Bodenbelagelemente ein Abstand, der etwa, gegebenenfalls unter Berücksichtigung des Sandes zwischen nebeneinander verlegten Bodenbelagelementen, der Scheinfugenbreite bzw. der gemittelten Scheinfugenbreite im Inneren der Bodenbelagelemente entspricht.In this way, the edges that are more at risk of breakage or chipping are no longer in the particularly vulnerable area directly on the outline of the flooring element. It is particularly favorable to choose this distance about half as wide as the other dummy joint width, in the case of dummy joints changing width or in the case of different widths of the dummy joints of the flooring element about half as wide as the average dummy joint width. In this way, when flooring elements are placed side by side, there is a distance between the edges of the raised areas of adjacent flooring elements facing the respective flooring element outline, which, for example, taking into account the sand between flooring elements laid next to one another, corresponds to the dummy joint width or the average dummy joint width inside the flooring elements.

Es müssen nicht alle Scheinfugen eines Bodenbelagelements die gleiche Tiefe haben, sondern es können auch mindestens zwei Scheinfugen unterschiedlicher Tiefe vorhanden sein. Das hat optische und belastungsmäßige Vorteile, da man beispielsweise an Orten erhöhter zu erwartender Beanspruching Scheinfugen geringerer Tiefe wählen kann.Not all dummy joints of a floor covering element have to have the same depth, but there can also be at least two dummy joints of different depths. This has optical and load-bearing advantages, since, for example, you can choose dummy joints of lower depth in places where the expected stress is higher.

Man kann auch Scheinfugen mit sich in ihrer Längserstreckungsrichtung ändernder Tiefe vorsehen, beispielsweise ebenfalls zur Erreichung der im letzten Absatz genannten Vorteile. Dabei kann sogar vorgesehen sein, daß die Scheinfugen an einigen Stellen bis zur der Nutzseite gegenüberliegenden Seite des Bodenbelagelements durchgehen. Die so entstandenen Durchbrüche sind beispielsweise für die Wasserabführung günstig.It is also possible to provide dummy joints with a depth that changes in their longitudinal direction, for example also to achieve the advantages mentioned in the last paragraph. It can even be provided that the dummy joints pass through in some places up to the side of the floor covering element opposite the utility side. The resulting breakthroughs are favorable, for example, for water drainage.

In den Scheinfugenbereichen ist das Bodenbelagelement im allgemeinen wegen der geringeren Materialdicke gemessen von der Nutzseite zur gegenüberliegenden Seite im Vergleich zu den erhöhten Bereichen geschwächt. Diese Schwächung kann man gezielt so weit treiben, daß die die erhöhten Bereiche verbindenden Materialverbindungen unterhalb der Scheinfugen Sollbruchstellen darstellen. Zu diesem Zweck kann man beispielsweise die Scheinfugen vergleichsweise tief ausbilden, den Grund der Scheinfugen gewellt, gezackt o. dgl., beispielsweise gemäß der DE-OS 22 59 493 oder der DE-PS 22 59 493, ausbilden, die zur der Nutzseite gegenüberliegenden Seite durchgehenden Scheinfugenabschnitte in entsprechender Größe und/oder Häufigkeit vorsehen oder die Scheinfugen entsprechend breit wählen. Die Sollbruchstellen sollen bei dieser Weiterbildung der Erfindung so ausgelegt sein, daß sie solche Stellen darstellen, an denen das Bodenbelagelement bei entsprechend hoher Belastung durch Verkehrslasten, thermische Belastungen oder Rüttelbelastungen nach dem Verlegen zuerst bricht. Hierdurch werden wilde Risse durch die erhöhten Bereiche hindurch vermieden, und es entsteht ein Bodenbelag, der auf Untergrundveränderungen gleichsam flexibel reagiert.In the dummy joint areas, the floor covering element is generally weakened from the useful side to the opposite side compared to the raised areas because of the smaller material thickness. This weakening can specifically be driven so far that the material connections connecting the raised areas below the dummy joints represent predetermined breaking points. For this purpose, for example, the dummy joints can be formed comparatively deep, the base of the dummy joints corrugated, serrated or the like, for example according to DE-OS 22 59 493 or DE-PS 22 59 493, the opposite side to the useful side Provide continuous dummy joint sections of the appropriate size and / or frequency, or choose the dummy joints appropriately wide. In this further development of the invention, the predetermined breaking points are to be designed such that they represent those places at which the floor covering element first breaks after being laid when there is a correspondingly high load due to traffic loads, thermal loads or vibratory loads. This avoids wild cracks through the raised areas and creates a floor covering that responds flexibly to changes in the surface.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich weiterhin auf eine Bodenbelagelementgruppe aus Bodenbelagelementen der vorstehend erläuterten Art. Vorzugsweise besitzen alle Bodenbelagele mente der Bodenbelagelementgruppe gleiche Umrißkontur.The invention further relates to a floor covering element group of floor covering elements of the type explained above. Preferably, all floor covering elements of the floor covering element group have the same outline contour.

Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemäßen Bodenbelagelementgruppe ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen 13 bis 15. Besonders hervorgehoben sei die Weiterbildungsmöglichkeit, daß mehrere Bodenbelagelemente der Bodenbelagelementgruppe durch Materialverbindungen zu einer Verlegeeinheit zusammengefaßt sind, wobei diese Materialverbindungen mindestens teilweise so gestaltet sein können, daß sie Sollbruchstellen im oben erläuterten Sinn darstellen. Wenn sowohl die Materialverbindungen zwischen den Bodenbelagelementen der Bodenbelagelementgruppe, teilweise oder alle, als auch die Materialverbindungen zwischen den erhöhten Bereichen der einzelnen Bodenbelagelemente, teilweise oder alle. Sollbruchstellen darstellen, dann sind vorzugsweise die entsprechenden Materialverbindungen zwischen den Bodenbelagelementen der Bodenbelagelementgruppe weniger stabil ausgebildet, so daß hier der Bruch eher erfolgt als zwischen den erhöhten Bereichen der jeweiligen Bodenbelagelemente.Preferred further developments of the floor covering element group according to the invention result from subclaims 13 to 15. Particularly worth mentioning is the further development possibility that several floor covering elements of the floor covering element group are combined by material connections to form a laying unit, whereby these material connections can be designed at least in part so that they have predetermined breaking points in the sense explained above represent. If both the material connections between the floor covering elements of the floor covering element group, partly or all, as well as the material connections between the raised areas of the individual floor covering elements, partly or all. Show predetermined breaking points, then the corresponding material connections between the floor covering elements of the floor covering element group are preferably made less stable, so that the break occurs here rather than between the raised areas of the respective floor covering elements.

Unter Bodenbelagelementgruppe soll insbesondere (a) ein willkürlicher Ausschnitt aus einer größeren Anordnung von Bodenbelagelementen, alternativ (b) eine durch die gesamte im Zusammenhang belegte Fläche definierte Bodenbelagelementgruppe, alternativ (c) eine durch Materialverbindungen zu einer Verlegeeinheit zusammengefaßte Bodenbelagelementgruppe oder alternativ (d) eine durch die Zahl der Bodenbelagelemente definierte Bodenbelagelementgruppe, beispielsweise weniger als fünfzig Bodenbelagelemente, weniger als zwanzig Bodenbelagelemente oder weniger als zehn Bodenbelagelemente, verstanden werden.Under floor covering element group, in particular, (a) an arbitrary section from a larger arrangement of floor covering elements, alternatively (b) a floor covering element group defined by the entire area occupied in connection, alternatively (c) a floor covering element group combined by material connections to a laying unit or alternatively (d) one floor covering element group defined by the number of floor covering elements, for example less than fifty floor covering elements, less than twenty floor covering elements or less than ten floor covering elements.

Die Bodenbelagelemente haben typischerweise Abmessungen von bis zu 50 cm Länge und bis zu 25 cm Breite.The flooring elements typically have dimensions of up to 50 cm in length and up to 25 cm in width.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich schließlich auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der vorstehend beschriebenen Bodenbelagelemente. Üblicherweise werden Bodenbelagelemente aus Beton zu mehreren nebeneinander angeordnet maschinell in entsprechenden Herstellungsformen geformt. Dabei kann man erfindungsgemäß vorsehen, daß bei den gleichzeitig in einem Arbeitsgang nebeneinander geformten Bodenbelagelemente mindestens zwei, hinsichtlich der Form der erhöhten Bereiche und/oder hinsichtlich der Oberflächenstruktur der erhöhten Bereiche unterschiedliche Arten von Bodenbelagelementen geformt werden. Dies kann auf einfache Weise dadurch geschehen, daß die die Nutzseite der Bodenbelagelemente formenden Druckstempel eine der Form und/oder der Oberflächenstruktur der erhöhten Bereiche komplementäre Oberflächenformgebung besitzen. Darin besteht eine einfache Herstellungstechnik zur Erzeugung der erfindungsgemäß ermöglichten aufgelockerten und unregelmäßigen Wirkung des Belages im verlegten Zustand.Finally, the invention relates to a method for producing the floor covering elements described above. Flooring elements made of concrete are usually machined into a number of juxtaposed and machined in corresponding production forms. According to the invention, it can be provided that at least two types of floor covering elements are formed in the case of the floor covering elements which are simultaneously formed next to one another in one work step. This can be done in a simple manner in that the pressure stamps forming the useful side of the floor covering elements have a surface shape which is complementary to the shape and / or the surface structure of the raised areas. This is a simple manufacturing technique for producing the loosened and irregular effect of the covering in the installed state that is made possible according to the invention.

Wenn das erfindungsgemäße Bodenbelagelement erhöhte Bereiche mit in der Draufsicht unterschiedlichen Formen besitzt, dann können dies im Extremfall nur zwei unterschiedliche Formen sein. Vorzugsweise sieht man jedoch mehrere unterschiedliche Formen der erhöhten Bereiche vor; ganz besonders bevorzugt ist eine Ausbildung, bei der alle erhöhten Bereiche eines Bodenbelagelements voneinander unterschiedliche Form besitzen.If the floor covering element according to the invention has raised areas with different shapes in plan view, then in extreme cases these can only be two different shapes. However, it is preferable to provide several different forms of the raised areas; A design in which all raised areas of a floor covering element have a shape different from one another is very particularly preferred.

Mehrere der Ansprüche 2 bis 16 enthalten Begriffe wie "mindestens zum Teil", "mindestens teilweise" oder dergleichen. Bevorzugt ist in diesen Fällen, daß jeweils mindestens der überwiegende Teil im angegebenen Sinn ausgebildet ist. Höchst vorzugsweise sind dann jeweils alle der angegebenen Bereiche, Scheinfugen, Ränder, Materialverbindungen und dergleichen im angegebenen Sinn ausgebildet.Several of claims 2 to 16 contain terms such as "at least in part", "at least in part" or the like. In these cases it is preferred that at least the predominant part is designed in the specified sense. Most preferably, all of the specified areas, dummy joints, edges, material connections and the like are then formed in the specified sense.

Die Scheinfugen sind vorzugsweise so vorgesehen, daß sie mindestens teilweise, vorzugsweise alle, nicht geradlinig von einem Umrißrand des Bodenbelagelements zum gegenüberliegenden Umrißrand des Bodenbelagelements durchgehen. Dies ergibt einerseits ein optisch ansprechendes, aufgelockertes Bild, ist jedoch andererseits auch in belastungsmäßiger Hinsicht günstig, da die Querschnittsschwächungen dann nicht geradlinig durchlaufen. Überhaupt kann das erfindungsgemäße Bodenbelagelement aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Konzeption ohne weiteres so gestaltet werden, daß es im verlegten Zustand das Aussehen einer Flächenbelegung mit Natursteinen ergibt.The dummy joints are preferably provided in such a way that they at least partially, preferably all, do not pass straight from one contour edge of the floor covering element to the opposite contour edge of the floor covering element. On the one hand, this results in an optically appealing, loosened-up image, but on the other hand it is also favorable in terms of load, since the cross-sectional weakenings then do not run in a straight line. In general, the floor covering element according to the invention can easily be designed on the basis of the concept according to the invention in such a way that, when laid, it gives the appearance of surface covering with natural stones.

Beispiele für günstige Umrißformen der erfindungsgemäßen Bodenbelagelemente ergeben sich aus den folgenden Ausführungsbeispielen. Die erfindungsgemäßen Bodenbelagelementgruppen können einzelne oder mehrere Merkmale, die aus den DE-OSen 22 51 621, 22 59 493, 23 37 816, 24 52 475, 27 32 452, insbesondere den Ansprüchen dieser DE-OSen, bekannt sind, aufweisen.Examples of favorable outline shapes of the floor covering elements according to the invention result from the following exemplary embodiments. The floor covering element groups according to the invention can have one or more features which are known from DE-OSes 22 51 621, 22 59 493, 23 37 816, 24 52 475, 27 32 452, in particular the claims of these DE-OSes.

Die Erfindung und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung werden im folgenden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Bodenbelagelements und eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Bodenbelagelementgruppe noch näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht auf ein Bodenbelagelement;
  • Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt längs 11-11 in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 und 4 Draufsichten auf zwei weitere Bodenbelagelemente;
  • Fig. 5 eine Draufsicht auf eine Bodenbelagelementgruppe.
The invention and further developments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment of a floor covering element and an exemplary embodiment of a group of floor covering elements. Show it:
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of a flooring element.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section along 11-11 in FIG. 1;
  • 3 and 4 top views of two further floor covering elements;
  • Fig. 5 is a plan view of a group of flooring elements.

Gleiche Bezugszeichen bezeichnen gleiche oder analoge Teile.The same reference numerals designate the same or analog parts.

Das in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellte Bodenbelagelement 2 besitzt einen Umriß 4 nach Art eines Verbundsteinumrisses. Dieser Umriß 4 weist gegenüber einer nicht eingezeichneten Rechteckgrundlinie, die die vier rechtwinkligen Außenecken 6 des Bodenbelagelements 2 miteinander verbindet und doppelt so lang wie breit ist, an den Längsseiten jeweils zwei Rücksprünge 8 und zwei Vorsprünge 10 sowie an den Querseiten jeweils einen Rücksprung 8 und eine Vorsprung 10 auf. Der Umriß 4 des dargestellten Bodenbelagelements 2 ist an sich bekannt und in der DE-PS 14 59 739 genauer beschrieben, worauf Bezug genommen wird.The floor covering element 2 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has an outline 4 in the manner of a composite stone outline. This outline 4 has in relation to a rectangular base line, not shown, which connects the four right-angled outer corners 6 of the flooring element 2 and is twice as long as it is wide, has two recesses 8 and two protrusions 10 on the longitudinal sides and a recess 8 and one on the transverse sides Tab 10 on. The outline 4 of the flooring element 2 shown is known per se and described in more detail in DE-PS 14 59 739, to which reference is made.

Das Bodenbelagelement 2 weist auf seiner in der Draufsicht der Fig. 1 sichtbaren Nutzseite 12 neun erhöhte Bereiche 14 auf. Diese erhöhten Bereiche 14 sind sämtlich mit Ausnahme eines einzigen, im wesentlichen quadratischen erhöhten Bereichs 14' in der Form unregelmäßiger Polygone vorgesehen.The floor covering element 2 has on its useful side visible in the plan view of FIG. 1 12 nine raised areas 14. These raised areas 14 are all provided with the exception of a single, substantially square raised area 14 'in the form of irregular polygons.

Bei keinem der unregelmäßigem Polygone 14 sind alle Innen-Eckwinkel 16 gleich groß, sondern es folgen innerhalb jedes unregelmäßigen Polygons 14 Innen-Eckwinkel 16 ungleicher Größe regellos aufeinander, wenn auch beispielsweise mehrere Innen-Eckwinkel 16 eher zufällig gleich groß sein mögen.None of the irregular polygons 14 have all inside corner angles 16 of the same size, but inside each irregular polygon 14 inside corner angles 16 of unequal size follow each other randomly, even though, for example, several inside corner angles 16 may happen to be the same size.

Die erhöhten Bereiche 14 sind durch Scheinfugen 18 voneinander abgesetzt. Die Scheinfugen 18 erstrecken sich etwa über ein Drittel der Gesamtstärke des Bodenbelagelements gemessen von der Nutz-Oberfläche der erhöhten Bereiche 14 bis zur gegenüberliegenden Seite 20. Die meisten der Scheinfugen 18 weisen eine sich in Scheinfugenlängsrichtung ändernde Breite auf. Die Scheinfugenseiten verlaufen zur Erleichterung der Entformung bei der Herstellung leicht schräg nach innen (Fig. 2).The raised areas 14 are separated from one another by dummy joints 18. The dummy joints 18 extend about a third of the total thickness of the floor covering element measured from the usable surface of the raised areas 14 to the opposite side 20. Most of the dummy joints 18 have a width that changes in the longitudinal direction of the dummy joints. The dummy joint sides run slightly obliquely inwards to facilitate demoulding (Fig. 2).

Die dem Umriß 4 des Belagelements 2 zugewandten Ränder 22 der erhöhten Bereiche 14 fallen nicht mit dem entsprechenden Umrißabschnitt zusammen sondern verlaufen um einen Abstand 24 nach innen zurückgesetzt gegenüber dem Umriß 4. Die sich ergebende Stufe wird in Analogie zu den Scheinfugen 18 im Inneren des Bodenbelagelements 2 ebenfalls als Scheinfuge oder Rand-Scheinfuge 18' bezeichnet. Die Ränder 22 sind der Umrißkontur 4 des Bodenbelagelements in dem Sinn angeglichen, daß sie grob dem Umriß 4 folgen. Im fall des Polygons 14' geht dies sogar bis zum Parellelverlauf des Randes 22 mit dem entsprechenden Abschnitt des Umrisses 4, während an allen anderen Stellen sich in Längsrichtung der Rand-Scheinfugen 18' ändernde Rand-Scheinfugenbreiten vorhanden sind.The edges 22 of the raised areas 14 facing the outline 4 of the covering element 2 do not coincide with the corresponding outline section, but are set back inwards by a distance 24 with respect to the outline 4. The resulting step becomes analogous to the dummy joints 18 inside the floor covering element 2 also referred to as a dummy joint or edge dummy joint 18 '. The edges 22 are aligned with the outline contour 4 of the flooring element in the sense that they roughly follow the outline 4. In the case of the polygon 14 ', this even goes as far as the parallel course of the edge 22 with the corresponding section of the outline 4, while at all other points there are changing edge dummy joint widths in the longitudinal direction of the edge dummy joints 18'.

Das Ausmaß der Angleichung der Ränder 22 an den Umriß 4 geht beim dargestellten Beispiel so weit, daß beim Anlegen eines weiteren Bodenbelagelements 2 wiederum scheinfugenartige Fugen wie die Scheinfugen 18 entstehen, die allerdings zwischen den beiden Umrissen 4 der nebeneinandergelegten Bodenbelagelemente 2 im Sinn echter Raumfugen zur Unterseite 20 durchgehen. Die Abstände 24 entsprechen grob im wesentlichen der Hälfte der Breite der Scheinfugen 18 im Inneren des Bodenbelagelements 2, wenn man eine geeignete Mittelung der Breite vornimmt.The extent of the alignment of the edges 22 to the outline 4 goes so far in the example shown that when creating a further floor covering element 2, in turn, dummy joints like the dummy joints 18 arise, which, however, between the two outlines 4 of the adjacent floor covering elements 2 in the sense of real space joints Go through bottom 20. The distances 24 correspond roughly to half the width of the dummy joints 18 in the interior of the flooring element 2 if a suitable averaging of the width is carried out.

In Fig. 2 erkennt man deutlich, daß die Scheinfugen 18 des Bodenbelagelements 2 untereinander unterschiedliche Tiefe 26 besitzen. Die in Fig. 2 linke Scheinfuge 18 ist um etwa 50% tiefer als die in Fig. 2 rechte Scheinfuge 18. Die Rand-Scheinfugen 18' sind hingegen ringsum gleich tief.2 clearly shows that the dummy joints 18 of the flooring element 2 have different depths 26 from one another. The left dummy joint 18 in FIG. 2 is about 50% deeper than the right dummy joint 18 in FIG. 2. The edge dummy joints 18 ', on the other hand, are equally deep all around.

Die einzelnen Scheinfugen 18 weisen zum Teil in dem Sinn eine sich ändernde Tiefe auf, als sie an einigen Stellen bis zu der Nutzseite 28 gegenüberliegenden Unterseite 20 des Bodenbelagelements 2 durchgehen. Die dadurch entstehenden Durchbrüche sind mit 30 bezeichnet. An zwei Stellen oben in Fig. 1 ist angedeutet, daß diese Durchbrüche 30 beispielsweise an den Stellen vorgesehen sein können, an denen drei erhöhte Bereiche 14 zusammenkommen. Analog könnten die Durchbrüche 30 auch oder zusätzlich an Stellen vorgesehen sein, an denen vier oder noch mehr erhöhte Bereiche 14 zusammenkommen. Unten in Fig. 1 ist eine weitere Möglichkeit eingezeichnet. Dort sind Durchbrüche 30 im jeweils hinsichtlich der Länge mittleren Bereich der Scheinfugen 18 zwischen zwei benachbarten erhöhten Bereichen 14 vorgesehen.The individual dummy joints 18 partly have a changing depth in the sense that in some places they pass through to the underside 20 of the flooring element 2 opposite the useful side 28. The resulting breakthroughs are designated 30. At two points above in FIG. 1 it is indicated that these openings 30 can be provided, for example, at the points where three raised areas 14 come together. Analogously, the openings 30 could also or additionally be provided at points where four or even more raised areas 14 come together. Another possibility is shown at the bottom in FIG. 1. Breakthroughs 30 are provided there in the area of the dummy joints 18, which is middle in terms of length, between two adjacent raised areas 14.

In Fig. 2 erkennt man, daß die Oberflächen der erhöhten Bereiche 14 eine gezielt unebene Oberflächenstruktur 32 besitzen. Diese Oberflächenstruktur wechselt von erhöhtem Bereich 14 zu erhöhtem Bereich 14. In Fig. 2 sind drei unterschiedliche Oberflächenstrukturen eingezeichnet. Im Extremfall können alle erhöhten Bereiche 14 und 14' des Bodenbelagelements 2 voneinander unterschiedliche Oberflächenstruktur 32 besitzen. Die in Fig. 2 zeichnerisch dargestellten Oberflächenstrukturen könnte man als narbig oder bruchrauhnachahmend bezeichnen. Sie lassen sich, wenn das Bodenbelagelement 2 beispielsweise aus Beton besteht, ohne Schwierigkeiten bei der Herstellung mittels eines ein komplementäres Relief aufweisenden Formstempels ohne Schwierigkeiten herstellen. Die Oberflächenstrukturen einzelner erhöhter Bereiche 14 können sich beispielsweise nicht nur durch die Größe der Narbung, Tiefe der Narbung oder dergleichen unterscheiden, sondern beispielsweise auch durch die in der Draufsicht unterschiedliche Richtung der Narbung.2 that the surfaces of the raised areas 14 have a deliberately uneven surface structure 32. This surface structure changes from raised area 14 to raised area 14. Three different surface structures are shown in FIG. In an extreme case, all raised areas 14 and 14 'of the floor covering element 2 can have different surface structures 32 from one another. The surface structures shown in the drawing in FIG. 2 could be described as pitted or mimicked. If the floor covering element 2 consists, for example, of concrete, they can be produced without difficulty during production by means of a shaped stamp having a complementary relief. The surface structures of individual raised areas 14 can differ, for example, not only by the size of the grain, the depth of the grain or the like, but also, for example, by the different direction of the grain in the plan view.

Wegen der Einzelheiten des Formats der erhöhten Bereiche 14 und 14', der Anordnung und des Verlaufs der Scheinfugen 18 wird ausdrücklich auf Fig. 1 verwiesen.Because of the details of the format of the raised areas 14 and 14 ', the arrangement and the course of the dummy joints 18, reference is expressly made to FIG. 1.

Den Umriß 4 des in Fig. 3 dargestellten Bodenbelagelements 2 kann man sich aus einer rechteckigen Grundform entstanden denken. An jeder Längsseite dieses Grundformrechtecks ist ein Rücksprung 8 mit geradliniger Basis und gerundetem Übergang in den restlichen Umriß 4 vorgesehen, so daß der Umriß 4 insgesamt etwa hundeknochenartige Form erhält. Jeder Rücksprung 8 ist so lang, daß an eine Längsseite des Bodenbelagelements 2 jeweils mit Versatz um eine halbe Bodenbelagelementlänge zwei weitere Bodenbelagelemente 2 angelegt werden können, wobei die breiteren Kopf- bzw. Fußbereiche der angelegten Bodenbelagelemente 2 in den Rücksprung $ ragen.The outline 4 of the floor covering element 2 shown in FIG. 3 can be thought to have arisen from a rectangular basic shape. On each long side of this basic shape rectangle there is a recess 8 with a straight base and a rounded transition into the rest of the outline 4, so that the outline 4 takes on an overall dog-bone-like shape. Each recess 8 is so long that two additional floor covering elements 2 can be placed on one longitudinal side of the floor covering element 2, each offset by half a floor covering element length, the wider head and foot regions of the floor covering elements 2 projecting into the recess $.

Das in Fig. 3 dargestellte Bodenbelagelement 2 besitzt sieben erhöhte Bereiche 14, darunter einen erhöhten Bereich 14' etwa quadratischer Form. Diese erhöhten Bereiche 14 bzw. 14' sind durch Scheinfugen 18 voneinander abgesetzt. Wegen der genauen Form der erhöhten Bereiche 14 bzw. 14' und des Verlaufs der Scheinfugen 18 wird ausdrücklich auf Fig. 3 verwiesen.The floor covering element 2 shown in FIG. 3 has seven raised areas 14, including an elevated area 14 'of approximately square shape. These raised areas 14 and 14 'are separated from one another by dummy joints 18. Because of the exact shape of the raised areas 14 and 14 'and the course of the dummy joints 18, reference is expressly made to FIG. 3.

Im Gegensatz zur Ausbildung gemäß Fig. 1 fallen an mehreren Stellen die dem Umriß 4 zugewandten Ränder 22 der erhöhten Bereiche 14 mit dem Umriß 4 zusammen, so daß an diesen Stellen keine Rand-Scheinfugen 18' bestehen.In contrast to the design according to FIG. 1, the edges 22 of the raised areas 14 facing the outline 4 coincide with the outline 4 at several points, so that there are no edge dummy joints 18 'at these points.

Den Umriß 4 des in Fig. 4 dargestellten Bodenbelagelements 2 kann man sich so entstanden denken, daß bei einem rechteckigen Umriß 4 der obere Längs-Endbereich in Fig. 4 nach links und der in Fig. 4 untere Längs-Endbereich nach rechts um jeweils den gleichen Winkel gedreht sind. Dadurch entsteht insgesamt eine in etwa Z-förmige Gestalt des Bodenbelagelements 2. Der Umriß 4 des in Fig. 4 dargestellten Bodenbelagelements 2 ist in der DE-PS 960 359 genauer beschrieben, worauf hier Bezug genommen wird.The outline 4 of the floor covering element 2 shown in FIG. 4 can be thought of as having arisen in such a way that with a rectangular outline 4 the upper longitudinal end region in FIG. 4 to the left and the lower longitudinal end region in FIG. 4 to the right by in each case are rotated at the same angle. Overall, this results in an approximately Z-shaped shape of the floor covering element 2. The outline 4 of the floor covering element 2 shown in FIG. 4 is described in more detail in DE-PS 960 359, to which reference is made here.

Das in Fig. 4 dargestellte Bodenbelagelement 2 besitzt sechs erhöhte Bereiche 14, die durch Scheinfugen 18 voneinander abgesetzt sind. Wegen der Form der erhöhten Bereiche 14 und des Verlaufs der Scheinfugen 18 wird ausdrücklich auf Fig. 4 verwiesen.The floor covering element 2 shown in FIG. 4 has six raised areas 14 which are separated from one another by dummy joints 18. Because of the shape of the raised areas 14 and the course of the dummy joints 18, reference is expressly made to FIG. 4.

Ähnlich wie beim Bodenbelagelement 2 gemäß Fig. 3 reichen einige der erhöhten Bereiche 14 mit ihren dem Umriß 4 zugewandten Rändern 22 bis hin zum Umriß 4.Similar to the floor covering element 2 according to FIG. 3, some of the raised areas 14 with their edges 22 facing the outline 4 extend up to the outline 4.

Die in den Fig. 3 und 4 dargestellten Bodenbelagelemente 2 besitzen keine Durchbrüche 30 wie das in Fig. 1 dargestellte Bodenbelagelement.The floor covering elements 2 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 have no openings 30 like the floor covering element shown in FIG. 1.

In Fig. 5 ist eine Bodenbelagelementgruppe 40 aus drei gleichformatigen Bodenbelagelementen 2 dargestellt. Die drei Bodenbelagelemente 2 weisen ebenfalls Vor- und Rücksprünge 10 und 8 gegenüber einer nicht dargestellten Rechteckgrundlinie auf, die die Außenecken 6 des jeweiligen Bodenbelagelements 2 miteinander verbindet. Das Grundlinienrechteck ist doppelt so lang wie breit. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Vor- und Rücksprünge 10 und 8 durch eine jeweils von einer Außenecke 6 ausgehende Sinuslinie begrenzt, wobei jeweils auf der Längsseite zwei gerundete Rücksprünge 8 und zwei gerundete Vorsprünge 10 sowie auf jeweils die Querseite ein gerundeter Rücksprung 8 und ein gerundeter Vorsprung 10 kommt.5 shows a floor covering element group 40 comprising three floor covering elements 2 of the same format. The three flooring elements 2 likewise have projections and recesses 10 and 8 with respect to a rectangular base line, not shown, which connects the outer corners 6 of the respective flooring element 2 to one another. The baseline rectangle is twice as long as it is wide. In this exemplary embodiment, the projections and recesses 10 and 8 are delimited by a sine line each starting from an outer corner 6, two rounded recesses 8 and two rounded projections 10 on the longitudinal side in each case and a rounded recess 8 and a rounded projection on the transverse side in each case 10 is coming.

Abgesehen von diesem abweichenden Umriß 4 sind die einzelnen Belagelemente 2 ähnlich gestaltet wie das in Fig. 1 dargestellte Belagelement 2, so daß die Einzelheiten nicht nochmals beschrieben werden müssen. Allerdings haben die erhöhten Bereiche-14 und die Scheinfugen 18 andere Abmessungen. Bezüglich dieser Abmessungen wird ausdrücklich auf Fig. 5 verwiesen. Außerdem sind keine Durchbrüche 30 vorgesehen, aber möglich.Apart from this deviating outline 4, the individual covering elements 2 are designed similarly to the covering element 2 shown in FIG. 1, so that the details need not be described again. However, the raised areas-14 and the dummy joints 18 have different dimensions. With regard to these dimensions, reference is expressly made to FIG. 5. In addition, no openings 30 are provided, but possible.

Zwei der die Gruppe 40 bildenden Bodenbelagelemente 2 sind identisch und in der Bodenbelagelementgruppe Querseite an Querseite angeordnet. Das dritte Bodenbelagelement 2 der Bodenbelagelementgruppe 40 ist gegenüber den beiden anderen Bodenbelagelementen 2 um eine halbe Länge versetzt angeordnet. Eine Längsseite dieses Bodenbelagelements 2 liegt einer halben Längsseite eines anschließenden Bodenbelagelements 2 sowie einer Längsseitenhälfte des weiteren anschließenden Bodenbelagelements 2 gegenüber. Die drei Bodenbelagelemente 2 der Bodenbelagelementgruppe 40 hängen dadurch zusammen, daß jedes Bodenbelagelement 2 mit den beiden benachbarten Bodenbelagelementen 2 durch jeweils zwei Materialverbindungen 42 verbunden ist. Diese Materialverbindungen 42 befinden sich jeweils etwa in der Mitte der Umrißbereiche, längs denen die nebeneinander angeordneten Bodenbelagelemente 2 einander benachbart sind. Die Materialverbindungen 42 nehmen dabei bei diesem Beispiel jeweils etwa ein Drittel der Länge dieser Benachbarungslängen ein.Two of the floor covering elements 2 forming the group 40 are identical and are arranged in the floor covering element group on the transverse side on the transverse side. The third floor covering element 2 of the floor covering element group 40 is arranged offset by half a length in relation to the other two floor covering elements 2. A long side of this floor covering element 2 is opposite a half long side of an adjoining floor covering element 2 and a long side half of the further adjoining floor covering element 2. The three flooring elements 2 of the flooring element group 40 are related in that each flooring element 2 is connected to the two adjacent flooring elements 2 by two material connections 42 each. These material connections 42 are each located approximately in the middle of the outline regions, along which the floor covering elements 2 arranged next to one another are adjacent to one another. In this example, the material connections 42 each take up about a third of the length of these adjacent lengths.

Bei der dargestellten Bodenbelagelementgruppe 40 bestehen die Materialverbindungen 42 ebenso wie die Bodenbelagelemente 2 selbst aus Beton. Sie sind ebenso hoch wie die anschließenden Rand-Scheinfugen 18', können aber auch niedriger sein.In the flooring element group 40 shown, the material connections 42 as well as the flooring elements 2 themselves are made of concrete. They are as high as the subsequent edge dummy joints 18 ', but can also be lower.

Hinsichtlich der Gestalt der erhöhten Bereiche 14 ist noch hervorzuheben, daß im Falle einiger erhöhter Bereiche 14 der dem Umriß 4 zugewandte Rand 22 in grober Angleichung an dem Umrißverlauf abgerundet ist. Dies ist jedoch nicht bei allen entsprechenden Rändern 22 der Fall. Zur genaueren Information wird ausdrücklich auf die Fig. 5 verwiesen.With regard to the shape of the raised areas 14, it should also be emphasized that, in the case of some raised areas 14, the edge 22 facing the outline 4 is rounded in rough approximation to the outline. However, this is not the case for all corresponding edges 22. For more precise information, reference is expressly made to FIG. 5.

In Fig. 5 ist eine Bodenbelagelementgruppe 40 aus drei Bodenbelagelementen 2 dargestellt. Es versteht sich, daß die Gruppe auch eine größere Zahl von Bodenbelagelementen 2 umfassen kann und daß eine andere Art der gegenseitigen Zuordnung der Bodenbelagelemente 2 gewählt werden kann. Eine besonders bevorzugte gegenseitige Zuordnung ist die nach Art eines Fischgrätverbundes.5 shows a floor covering element group 40 comprising three floor covering elements 2. It goes without saying that the group can also comprise a larger number of floor covering elements 2 and that a different type of mutual association of the floor covering elements 2 can be selected. A particularly preferred mutual assignment is that of a herringbone network.

Da die Materialverbindungen 42 nur einen Teil der an sich zur Verbindung der einzelnen Bodenbelagelemente 2 zur Verfügung stehenden Länge einnehmen, stellen sie Sollbruchstellen dar, an denen die Bodenbelagelementgruppe 40 bei Überschreiten einer bestimmten Grenzbelastung in die einzelnen Bodenbelagelemente 2 zerbricht.Since the material connections 42 only take up a portion of the length available per se for connecting the individual floor covering elements 2, they represent predetermined breaking points at which the floor covering element group 40 breaks into the individual floor covering elements 2 when a certain limit load is exceeded.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Bodenbelagelementgruppen können auch ungleichartige und/oder mit einem unregelmäßigen Umriß versehene Bodenbelagelemente aufweisen. Die Durchbrüche zwischen den einzelnen Bodenbelagelementen können unregelmäßig verlaufen.The floor covering element groups according to the invention can also have dissimilar and / or irregularly outlined floor covering elements. The openings between the individual flooring elements can run irregularly.

Claims (16)

1. A ground covering element having raised portions (14) at the useful side which are separated from one another by dummy gaps (18) and which are provided in a plurality of different formats, as seen from above, and at least the majority of which substantially have the shape of an irregular polygon (14), as seen from above,. characterized in that the ground covering element (2) has a contour (4) which is derived from a base line having rectangular corners (6) and which is provided with projections and recesses (10, 8) with respect to the base line, those edges (22) of the raised portions (14) which face the contour (4) of the ground covering element (2) being adapted at least partly and substantially to the contour (4) with projections and recesses (10, 8) of the ground covering element (2).
2. A ground covering element according to claim 1, characterized in that at least in part the dummy gaps (18) have a width which varies in longitudinal direction of the respective dummy gap.
3. A ground covering element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a contour of the ground covering element (2) of the kind of an interlocking stone outline is formed by the projections and recesses (10, 8).
4. A ground covering element according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least part of the raised portions (14) have an uneven, preferably a rough, surface structure (32).
5. A ground covering element according to claim 4, characterized in that a plurality of different surface structures (32) of the raised portions (14) are provided.
6. A ground covering element according to any one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least part of the edges (22) of the raised portions (14) facing the contour (4) of the ground covering element (2) are disposed at a distance (24) from the contour (4) of the ground covering element (2), as seen from above.
7. A ground covering element according to claim 6, characterized in that the distance (24) corresponds approximately to half the average dummy gap width.
8. A ground covering element according to any one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that dummy gaps (18) of different depth (26) are provided.
9. A ground covering element according to any one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least part of the dummy gaps (18) have a depth (26) which varies along the respective dummy gap (18).
10. A ground covering element according to claim 9, characterized in that at some locations (30) the dummy gaps (18) extend as far as the side (20) opposite the useful side (28) of the ground covering element (2).
11. A ground covering element according to any one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the material connections between the raised portions (14), interconnecting said raised portions (14), are so dimensioned, at least in part, that they present facultative breaking zones.
12. A ground covering element group consisting of ground covering elements according to any one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that all ground covering elements (2) have the same contour (4).
13. A ground covering element group, in particular according to claim 12, consisting of ground covering elements according to any one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises at least two kinds of ground covering elements (2) which differ as to shape and/or surface structure of the raised portions (14).
14. A ground covering element group, in particular according to claim 12 or 13, consisting of ground covering elements according to any one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the ground covering elements (2) are combined in a laying unit (40) by material connections (42).
15. A ground covering element group according to claim 14, characterized in that the material connections (42) are so dimensioned, at least in part, that they present facultative breaking zones.
16. A method of producing ground covering elements according to any one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a plurality of ground covering elements arranged side by side are formed in one operation, at least two different kinds of ground covering elements which differ as to shape and/or surface structure of the raised portions being provided.
EP80100767A 1979-02-15 1980-02-14 Ground covering element with elevated areas on the top side separated by dummy gaps, group of such ground covering elements and process for manufacturing such elements Expired EP0015426B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80100767T ATE3889T1 (en) 1979-02-15 1980-02-14 FLOORCOVERING ELEMENT WITH RAISED AREAS SEPARATED BY Dummy JOINTS ON THE WORKING SIDE, FLOORCOVERING ELEMENTS GROUP OF SUCH FLOORCOVERING ELEMENTS AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH FLOORCOVERING ELEMENTS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2905796 1979-02-15
DE19792905796 DE2905796A1 (en) 1979-02-15 1979-02-15 FLOORING ELEMENT WITH LUMINOUSLY INCREASED AREAS ON THE BENEFIT SIDE, FLOORING ELEMENT GROUP OF SUCH FLOORING ELEMENTS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCH A FLOORING ELEMENT

Publications (2)

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EP0015426A1 EP0015426A1 (en) 1980-09-17
EP0015426B1 true EP0015426B1 (en) 1983-06-22

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US (1) US4354773A (en)
EP (1) EP0015426B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS55148801A (en)
AT (1) ATE3889T1 (en)
AU (1) AU535252B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8000932A (en)
CA (1) CA1150553A (en)
DE (2) DE2905796A1 (en)
DK (1) DK155371C (en)
ES (1) ES260645Y (en)
NO (1) NO156332C (en)
ZA (1) ZA80841B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6337203B2 (en) 1988-07-25
NO156332B (en) 1987-05-25
CA1150553A (en) 1983-07-26
ATE3889T1 (en) 1983-07-15
NO156332C (en) 1987-09-02
BR8000932A (en) 1980-10-29
US4354773A (en) 1982-10-19
NO800401L (en) 1980-08-18
EP0015426A1 (en) 1980-09-17
DK155371C (en) 1989-09-11
ZA80841B (en) 1981-02-25
DE2905796A1 (en) 1980-08-28
AU535252B2 (en) 1984-03-08
JPS55148801A (en) 1980-11-19
DK155371B (en) 1989-04-03
DE3063807D1 (en) 1983-07-28
AU5559180A (en) 1980-08-21
DK64880A (en) 1980-08-16
ES260645Y (en) 1982-10-16
ES260645U (en) 1982-04-01

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