EP0014918B1 - Vorrichtung zum Übertragen von Tintentröpfchen auf einen Aufzeichnungsträger - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum Übertragen von Tintentröpfchen auf einen Aufzeichnungsträger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0014918B1
EP0014918B1 EP80100647A EP80100647A EP0014918B1 EP 0014918 B1 EP0014918 B1 EP 0014918B1 EP 80100647 A EP80100647 A EP 80100647A EP 80100647 A EP80100647 A EP 80100647A EP 0014918 B1 EP0014918 B1 EP 0014918B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ink
plate
layer
holes
photoconductive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80100647A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0014918A1 (de
Inventor
François Lange
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SMH Alcatel SA
Original Assignee
SMH Alcatel SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SMH Alcatel SA filed Critical SMH Alcatel SA
Priority to AT80100647T priority Critical patent/ATE3833T1/de
Publication of EP0014918A1 publication Critical patent/EP0014918A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0014918B1 publication Critical patent/EP0014918B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/145—Arrangement thereof
    • B41J2/155—Arrangement thereof for line printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2/14016—Structure of bubble jet print heads
    • B41J2/14088—Structure of heating means
    • B41J2/14104—Laser or electron beam heating the ink

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device intended for depositing ink drops on a support and in particular an apparatus used for printing graphics on a support of limited dimensions such as postal items, tickets or labels.
  • Ink jet or droplet machines are known in which the ink is in equilibrium at the ejection orifice under the action of the hydrostatic pressure and the surface tension of the ink.
  • the ejection of the drop of ink from the orifice is obtained from a chamber containing ink and limited by two plates, one of which has the ejection holes.
  • the two plates are subjected to an electrical potential difference and the plate having no holes is crossed by laser radiation.
  • the ink subjected to an electrostatic field comprises photoconductive pigments which move towards the plate having holes.
  • the device used requires the presence of photoconductive pigments, that is to say very fine particles dispersed in the ink.
  • the phenomena involved are exclusively of an electrostatic nature, the effect of light on the photoconductive pigments triggering the movement of the particles.
  • the device only works if, in the absence of a laser beam, the ink is retained by a very low capillary force. Then the slightest shock can cause an inadvertent ejection of ink.
  • Document US-A 3,582,954 discloses a device making it possible to deposit ink drops on a support so as to form on this support by mosaics of graphics dots, comprising a regularly perforated plate opposite said support and a second plate substantially parallel to the first plate and having a layer of photoconductive material, the space between the plates defining a chamber containing the ink to be deposited and comprising a radiation source making it possible to illuminate selected zones of said layer of material photoconductive to allow a selective acceleration of the ink contained in certain holes of the first plate with a view to the ejection of a drop towards said support.
  • the means for selectively accelerating the ink contained in certain holes comprise a cathode ray tube whose electron beam is directed selectively over certain holes and gives the insulating ink in this zone an electrical charge. Thanks to this load and an acceleration potential applied to the hole openings and to the support, a drop is ejected from a selected hole when a mechanical shock is applied to the entire perforated plate. As in the previous case, the triggering of the ejection of the drops comes from a mechanical shock. Therefore, the device is very sensitive against parasitic shocks.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy this drawback and to provide a more reliable and more robust device with regard to the triggering of the drops.
  • the present invention relates to a device for depositing on a support drops of ink so as to form on this support by mosaics of dots graphics, comprising a plate regularly perforated opposite said support and a second plate substantially parallel to the first plate, and having a layer of photoconductive material, the space between the plates defining a chamber containing ink to be deposited, and comprising a radiation source making it possible to illuminate selected areas of said layer of photoconductive material to allow a selective acceleration of the ink in certain holes of the first plate with a view to ejecting a drop towards said support, characterized in that said second plate also comprises at least one electrically conductive layer, which is transparent and located next to said photoconductive layer directed towards said radiation source, and that a source of electric voltage that heating is applied to said electrically conductive layer and to another layer located on the opposite side of said photoconductive layer, and which produces an electric current between said two electrically conductive layers by the illuminated zones of said layer of photoconductive material, this electric current used to heat selected areas of the ink to a degree that
  • the device according to FIG. 1 comprises a plate 1 which is pierced with a set of holes 4 and defines, with a rear plate 2, a chamber 3 containing ink to be deposited. A seal 6 is interposed between the two plates. A printing medium 5 is placed opposite the plate 1. The ink is brought to the device by a conduit 7 opening into the plate 2 at one end and connected by the other end to a reservoir, not shown. Chamber 3 is connected by holes 8 at ambient atmospheric pressure, and the ink is at an approximately constant level. The ink is maintained in the chamber 3 and in the holes 4 under the combined effect on the one hand of the pressure difference due to the difference in level between the free surface of the reservoir and the holes 4, on the other hand of the forces of capillarity.
  • the shape of the outlet of the conduit 7 as well as its location in a hole in the plate 2 is only an example of embodiment. It can also be unblocked anywhere in the chamber 3 not occupied by other elements of the device.
  • the ink passage section must however be sufficient to ensure the flow rate corresponding to the maximum rate of the ejected drops. It is possible, for example, to provide an ink inlet hole in the plate 1 or in the joint 6, to provide a supply by several conduits opening out at different locations in the chamber 3. It is also possible to provide between the reservoir and the chamber 3 a or several filters intended to stop the impurities likely to clog the orifices 4.
  • the pressure in the chamber 3 varying with the drop in level of the reservoir following the consumption of the ink, it is possible to improve the device by inserting into the conduit 7 a pump with a pressure regulating system.
  • the use of a pump also allows the use of filters with greater pressure drops, and therefore more efficient filtering.
  • the ink can remain between the plates 1 and 2 by the sole effect of the surface tension, without requiring watertight walls closing the periphery of said chamber.
  • the holes 8 intended for the evacuation of air or gas bubbles which may appear in the chamber 3 are located at the highest points of said chamber. This applies as well for the case of operation in a vertical position as shown in Figure 2 as for the case of operation in another position, horizontal for example.
  • means make it possible to move all of the plates 1 and 2 relative to the support in one or two directions parallel to the plane of said plates.
  • the integral plates 1 and 2 are connected to a frame by means of two or more deformable elements comprising leaf springs or spring rods and each allowing movement in a different direction of the printing device relative to the support.
  • the movement of the device can be achieved by means of electromagnets, each of these electromagnets bringing the printing device into a position determined from among several possible positions according to the directions of movement.
  • FIG. 2 shows a variant of an electrically heated ejection device which may include a very large number of ejection holes.
  • the plate 2 is covered with a layer 29 of electrically conductive material, the whole of the plate 2 with the layer 29 being transparent to electromagnetic radiation.
  • This layer 29 is covered with a layer 30 of a photoconductive material whose electrical resistivity is greatly reduced, ie in a ratio of 1 to 10 for example, when it is illuminated with the aid of the aforementioned radiation.
  • the ink contained in the chamber 3 is of the resistive type and the plate 1 is electrically conductive, or has a conductive layer on the side of the chamber 3, and is electrically insulated from the plate 2.
  • FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C represent three successive phases of the process of ejecting a drop of ink through a hole 11, forming part of the set of holes 4.
  • the ink is suddenly heated in the vicinity of the hole 11.
  • the heating of the ink by the electric current causes on the one hand a decrease in the viscosity and the surface tension of the ink, which decreases the energy required for ejection, and on the other hand, an early vaporization of the ink.
  • This vaporization causes the growth of a gas bubble 13 which expels the ink in front of it through the hole 11, the pressure in the bubble increasing to overcome the forces opposing the movement of the ink, namely the surface tension, the viscosity and inertia of the ink.
  • the increase in pressure is also transmitted by the ink contained in the chamber 3 to the hole 12 which must not eject a drop.
  • the expansion of the gas bubble 13 causes the formation of a drop 14 as well as swelling of the meniscus towards the outside of the hole 12.
  • the drop 14 is detached of the plate 1 and moves towards the support 5. Then, the heat source having been removed, the gas of the bubble condenses which causes a suction causing the meniscus to retreat inside the hole 11, of the ink then being sucked from the reservoir via the conduit 7 and from the chamber 3, under the effect of capillary forces, in order to compensate for the volume of ink of the ejected drop.
  • the resistance to the passage of the ink along the path from 13 to 12 must be significantly higher than on the path from 13 to 11 , this being obtained by the choice of the shape and dimensions of the device by showing differences in the forces of inertia and viscosity according to the paths mentioned.
  • this is achieved by choosing the ratio of the thickness of the chamber 3 to the spacing of the holes 4 sufficiently small. The upper limit of this ratio is approximately 1/2. This limit can however be exceeded if the ink used has a viscosity or a surface tension varying enough with temperature. In this case the ink in the hole 11 being sufficiently heated, its ejection is facilitated, while that in the hole 12 remaining at the initial temperature, can only be ejected by greater forces.
  • a particular use of the devices described above consists in using an ink of very high viscosity or an ink solid at normal operating temperature.
  • the sudden heating in the vicinity of the chosen ejection hole causes local liquefaction of the ink. Since the ink in the neighboring holes remains solid or viscous, there is no danger of ejection of unwanted drops therefrom.
  • the surface of the support 5 is disposed far enough from the plate 1, so that the drops actually have room to form and move.
  • the holes 4 of the plate 1 are preferably cylindrical because, in this case, their manufacture is generally easier. Their diameter cqndition the dimensions of the ejected drops and is preferably chosen between 10 microns and 100 microns. Economic drilling techniques for drilling large quantities of small holes are, for example, laser beam drilling, electron beam drilling, ultrasonic drilling or chemical etching. One can also manufacture the plate 1 with its holes by electro-chemical forming.
  • Possible materials for plates 1 and 2 are for example stainless steel, glasses, nickel, alumina ceramics, tungsten, plastics.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show a variant of the device, in which protrusions 15 have been brought to the plate 2 regularly distributed between the locations of the holes 4 in the plate 1 so as to oppose the movement of the ink between holes neighbors and thus avoid the ejection of unwanted drops as described above.
  • These protuberances can be obtained by photogravures. They do not necessarily have to be of a height equal to the thickness of the chamber 3 as shown in FIG. 8. This arrangement has the advantage, however, of ensuring correct spacing of the plates 1 and 2.
  • the protuberances 15 could also be taken in plate 1 instead of plate 2.
  • the maximum ink flow rate circulating in the said chamber is also reduced, and we increase by therefore the maximum frequency of ejection.
  • the resistivity of the ink must be adjusted to a value depending on the electrical voltage used, the dimensions of the device and the heating required for ejection.
  • a mask 31 which is not essential for the functioning of the device, facilitates the control in position and in size of the region 34.
  • This mask 31 consists of a layer of material opaque to the radiation used and in which openings 32 are formed facing each other. with respect to the holes 4 of the plate 1.
  • the duration of the current pulse can be determined either by the duration of the beam 33 or by the duration of the electrical powering up of the layer 29 relative to the plate 1.
  • Various means can be used to provide the beam 33.
  • One means consists in using a laser beam deflected in the direction of the holes selected by movable mirrors or by acousto-optical or electro-optical processes known in the techniques for using laser rays.
  • Another means consists in using an array of laser diodes or light-emitting diodes (LEDs), such that each hole 4 corresponds to a diode, or else such that, each diode corresponding to several holes 4, said array is movable relative to the plate 1 so as to cover all of the holes 4.
  • Said network can be pressed directly against the plate 2 or the mask 31, or else be placed at a certain distance. It is also possible to interpose a suitable optical system between the array of diodes and the plate 2, for example Fresnel lenses, so as to form on the layer 30 an image if necessary reduced or enlarged of said array.
  • Another means for supplying the beam 33 consists in placing a cover in front of the plate 2, this cover representing the pattern to be printed on the support 5 and in lighting the layer 30 through this cover by one or more lamps, for example lamps with incandescent, or fluorescent lamps, or electric gas discharge lamps.
  • Said cover may include fixed parts, interchangeable or not, for printing possible constant parts of the pattern, and mobile parts, with automatic adjustment or not, for the variable parts of the pattern. It is also possible to use a liquid crystal matrix, or any other optical switch with electrical control, as a cover.
  • the resistivity of the unlit photoconductive layer 30 must be sufficiently high compared to that of the ink used to ensure its isolation from the layer 29 and that the resistivity of the illuminated photoconductive layer 30 is rather weak compared to that of the ink so as to let the electric current pass.
  • FIG. 4 represents a variant of an ejection device comprising, as in FIG. 2, a photoconductive layer 30, this layer being in this case separated from the ink of the chamber 3 by an additional layer 35 of a material conducting the electricity whose resistivity and thickness are chosen so that the creation of heat by passage of the electric current takes place mainly in layer 35, or in layers 30 and 35.
  • This arrangement has the advantage of widening the field of the possible values for the resistivity of the ink as well as to protect the layer 30 in the event of chemical incompatibility between the ink and the material of the layer 30.
  • the layer 35 can also be made of a material which is a good conductor of the electricity, the electric voltage pulse being applied no longer between layer 29 and plate 1 as before, but between layers 29 and 35, the heat necessary for ejection is then generated exclusively in the neck che 30, such a device making it possible to use inks and materials for the plate 1 of any electrical resistivity.
  • FIG. 5 represents another variant of a photoconductive ejection device in which the plate 2 itself is made of a photoconductive material, for example silicon and is covered with a layer of an electrically conductive material 36, on the side not bathed by the ink, this layer 36 being covered or not with the mask 31.
  • the heating of the ink in this device is done in a manner analogous to the previous devices, the electric voltage being applied between the layer 36 and the plate 1 this plate being made of an electrically conductive material and the ink contained in the chamber 3 having an appropriate electrical resistivity so that the generation of heat takes place mainly in the ink, or in the plate 2, or in ink and in plate 2.
  • the photoconductive material of the layer 30 of FIGS. 2 and 4 can for example be cadmium sulphide deposited in a few microns thick, the unlighted electrical resistivity of which is greater than 10 8 Ohm - cm and the illuminated resistivity of the order of 100 Ohm - centimeter.
  • This material is sensitive to radiation with a wavelength of approximately 0.5 microns allowing the use of a plate 2 made of ordinary glass and a source of incandescent radiation.
  • the thickness of the chamber 3 can be from 10 to 50 microns approximately, the ink having a resistivity of 500 Ohm - approximately centimeter. The electrical voltage used must then be of the order of 50 volts.
  • the different variants of the ink drop ejection device described above are well suited for printing small graphics, for example 30 cm 2 , since the printing can then be carried out either without any relative movement of the device. printing relative to the printing medium, ie with only small amplitude displacements, for example 1 mm amplitude.
  • These devices are more particularly suitable when the graphics have a constant part and a variable part, the constant part possibly being changed by exchanging a part or a set of parts of the device.
  • variable part of these graphics can be. produced using a device according to any one of FIGS. 2 to 6, the constant part being able to be produced either in the same way, or preferably using simplified variants of the same devices.
  • a first simplified variant consists in providing in the plate 1 only the holes corresponding to the mosaic representation of the constant graphics to be printed, as well as a complete network of holes in the area corresponding to the variable part of the graphics.
  • the ejection through the holes of the constant graphics can then be controlled from a single electrode, or a single resistance, deposited on the plate 1 or the plate 2 and extending over the entire area corresponding to the set of these holes.
  • a plate 1 normally pierced with a complete network of holes 4 corresponding to the variable and constant areas of the graphic, the printing of the constant part of the graphic being controlled using a single electrode consisting of a layer of electrically conductive material deposited on the plate 2, this layer itself being covered with an electrically insulating layer.
  • the shape of the desired constant graphics is obtained by providing openings in the insulating layer, all of the openings forming the mosaic image of the desired graphics. The openings can be obtained by photochemical etching. If the plate 2 is made of an electrically conductive material, this serves as an electrode and the conductive layer is superfluous.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
  • Ink Jet (AREA)
  • Exposure Of Semiconductors, Excluding Electron Or Ion Beam Exposure (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
  • Ink Jet Recording Methods And Recording Media Thereof (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Vorrichtung, die es ermöglicht, auf einen Träger (5) Tintentröpfchen so aufzubringen, daß auf diesem Träger durch Punktmosaike Muster gebildet werden, mit einer gegenüber diesem Träger liegenden gleichmäßig gelochten Platte (1), einer zweiten Platte (2), die im wesentlichen zur ersten Platte parallel liegt und eine Schicht (30) aus photoleitendem Material aufweist, wobei der Zwischenraum zwischen den Platten eine Kammer (3) bildet, die die aufzutragende Tinte enthält, und mit einer Strahlungsquelle, die es ermöglicht, ausgewählte Bereiche der genannten Schicht aus photoleitendem Material zu beleuchten, um eine selektive Beschleunigung der in gewissen Löchern (4) der ersten Platte vorhandenen Tinte zum Spritzen eines Tropfens auf den Träger zu ermöglichen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte zweite Platte ebenfalls mindestens eine elektrisch leitende Schicht (29, 36) aufweist, die transparent ist, sich neben der photoleitenden Schicht (30) befindet und der genannten Strahlungsquelle zugewandt ist, und daß eine elektrische Heizspannungsquelle an die genannte elektrisch leitende Schicht (29, 36) und an eine andere Schicht (1, 35, 37) angelegt ist, die sich auf der der genannten photoleitenden Schicht (30) abgewandten Seite befindet, und die einen elektrischen Strom zwischen den beiden elektrischen leitenden Schichten durch die beleuchteten Bereiche der Schicht aus photoleitendem Material erzeugt, wobei dieser elektrische. Strom dazu dient, ausgewählte Bereich der Tinte soweit zu erhitzen, daß die Tinte durch das oder die Löcher in diesen Bereichen hinausgespritzt wird.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte erste Platte (1) und/oder die genannte zweite Platte (2) eine Gruppe von Vorsprüngen (15) aufweisen, die teilweise den Zwischenraum (3) zwischen den genannten Platten (1, 2) füllen, von gleicher oder geringerer Höhe wie der Abstand zwischen den beiden Platten sind und gleichmäßig zwischen den Achsen der Löcher (4) der ersten Platte (1) verteilt sind.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte elektrisch leitende Schicht (29, 36) einen spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand zwischen 10-6 nm und 50Ω ηi aufweist.
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das photoleitende Material (30) einer Gruppe von Stoffen angehört, die Silizium, Germanium, Kadmiumsulfid aufweist.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen der Strahlungsquelle (33) und dem photoleitenden Material (30) eine Mehrzahl von Zellen mit flüssigen Kristallen angeordnet ist, die elektrisch gesteuert werden und es ermöglichen, je nach Wunsch die Strahlung zu blockieren oder zu einem bestimmten Teil der photoleitenden Schicht (30) durchzulassen.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen der Strahlungsquelle (33) und dem photoleitenden Material (30) eine Vielzahl von Masken (31) angeordnet ist, die undurchsichtige Teile und Teile, die für die Strahlung (33) durchlässig sind, aufweisen, wobei diese Masken untereinander auswechselbar und beweglich sein können.
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Tinte bei normaler Betriebstemperatur fest ist und daß die lokale Temperaturerhöhung der Tinte ihr Schmelzen verursacht.
EP80100647A 1979-02-16 1980-02-08 Vorrichtung zum Übertragen von Tintentröpfchen auf einen Aufzeichnungsträger Expired EP0014918B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80100647T ATE3833T1 (de) 1979-02-16 1980-02-08 Vorrichtung zum uebertragen von tintentroepfchen auf einen aufzeichnungstraeger.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7904012A FR2448979B1 (fr) 1979-02-16 1979-02-16 Dispositif destine a deposer sur un support des gouttes d'encre
FR7904012 1979-02-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0014918A1 EP0014918A1 (de) 1980-09-03
EP0014918B1 true EP0014918B1 (de) 1983-06-22

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EP80100647A Expired EP0014918B1 (de) 1979-02-16 1980-02-08 Vorrichtung zum Übertragen von Tintentröpfchen auf einen Aufzeichnungsträger

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US (1) US4312009A (de)
EP (1) EP0014918B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE3833T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3063802D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2448979B1 (de)

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EP0014918A1 (de) 1980-09-03
US4312009A (en) 1982-01-19
ATE3833T1 (de) 1983-07-15
DE3063802D1 (en) 1983-07-28
FR2448979A1 (fr) 1980-09-12
FR2448979B1 (fr) 1986-05-23

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