EP0012812A1 - Actionneur électro-magnétique à modulation de flux - Google Patents

Actionneur électro-magnétique à modulation de flux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0012812A1
EP0012812A1 EP79104182A EP79104182A EP0012812A1 EP 0012812 A1 EP0012812 A1 EP 0012812A1 EP 79104182 A EP79104182 A EP 79104182A EP 79104182 A EP79104182 A EP 79104182A EP 0012812 A1 EP0012812 A1 EP 0012812A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic
leg
magnetic resistance
compensation coil
flux
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP79104182A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0012812B1 (fr
Inventor
Edward Frank Helinski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Business Machines Corp
Original Assignee
International Business Machines Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Publication of EP0012812A1 publication Critical patent/EP0012812A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0012812B1 publication Critical patent/EP0012812B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J9/00—Hammer-impression mechanisms
    • B41J9/26—Means for operating hammers to effect impression
    • B41J9/36—Means for operating hammers to effect impression in which mechanical power is applied under electromagnetic control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
    • H01H36/008—Change of magnetic field wherein the magnet and switch are fixed, e.g. by shielding or relative movements of armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/32—Electromagnetic mechanisms having permanently magnetised part
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/123—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by ancillary coil

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a magnetic actuating device in which an actuating element or an armature is held in a retracted position against magnetic bias by magnetic attraction for selective release into a working position.
  • Electromagnetic actuators such as. B. relays or print hammer magnets are generally known, in which a magnetic armature is triggered by the compensating effect of a compensation winding from the attracted position.
  • the magnetic holding flux can be generated in such devices by a permanent magnet or electromagnetic coils, which are fed either with direct current or with alternating current.
  • the armature or actuator is withdrawn by switching off the excitation of the compensation coil while maintaining the normal holding flow, or by an additional flow generator or by a mechanical reset device.
  • Such actuators often consist of multi-leg cores, usually with three legs to represent multiple flow paths, along which a magnetomotive force can be redirected through the compensation coil to trigger the armature.
  • the holding force can be generated by a winding or coil through which alternating current flows
  • the holding flux is preferably generated by a coil through which direct current flows or by means of a permanent magnet, since these work faster, are smaller and require less power.
  • the primary magnetomotive force is generated by a coil through which alternating current flows, while the release or attraction of the armature or the actuating element is controlled by opening or closing the circuit of a secondary winding arranged on the center leg of the core, by means of which the Holding flow can either be directed towards the anchor or away from the anchor.
  • permanent magnets are used as one leg of a magnetic core, and the compensation coils are housed on the other leg and can thus selectively deduct the primary holding flux from the leg of the core that retains the actuator.
  • the compensation coil must be energized with a current so strong that the flux in the armature or in the actuator of the core is sufficiently reduced. This is usually a constant size. With a low duty cycle or low operating frequency, the input energy is of minor importance. In areas of application with a very high duty cycle or high operating frequency, however, the input energy is essential, generates heat or requires larger and therefore more complex parts so that the necessary currents can be processed.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a magnetic control for a magnetic actuating device which requires a substantially lower input energy for the compensation coil to release the actuating element.
  • the new electromagnetic actuator knows in this case at least two alternative flow paths, the magnetic resistance of the one flow path being changed cyclically and the excitation of the compensation coil being coordinated with the occurrence of a low magnetic resistance in the one flow path and thus bringing about the release of the actuating element in the second flow path.
  • the new electromagnetic actuation device should have a flow path for releasable retention of the actuation element and another flow path parallel to it with cyclically changeable magnetic resistance, as a result of which the flux density of the first flux path can be changed cyclically in the same way, the compensation coil then being excitable at the times, in which the flux density is reduced, so that the actuating element is triggered with a smaller electrical input energy.
  • This object on which the invention is based is achieved for an electromagnetic actuating device in that a modified three-leg magnetic core is proposed, the first or middle leg of which is a permanent magnet, the second leg of which contains a movable actuating element which is biased towards a working position, while the third Leg contains switching means for changing the magnetic resistance.
  • the flux emanating from the permanent magnet flows through two parallel flow paths through the second and third legs, the main flow path passing through the actuator which serves as an armature, while the secondary flow path runs through the leg with variable magnetic resistance.
  • the changes in the magnetic resistance are generated by an air gap in which a cyclically rotatable magnetically permeable component is arranged, which is able to change the magnetic conductivities of the air gap.
  • a compensation Coil is arranged in one of the flow paths, is excited simultaneously with it and thus derives the flow from the main flow path at the time when the rotating component is aligned with a pair of pole pieces in the third leg and thus provides the smallest magnetic resistance.
  • the actuating element is triggered when the flux density in the actuating leg is reduced and is greater in the flow path with variable magnetic resistance, so that less energy is required to dissipate a smaller part of the holding flow. If the excitation of the compensation coil is switched off and the rotating component rotates cyclically after a greater magnetic resistance, the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet is able to bring back the actuating element that has been triggered.
  • the device according to the invention has the advantage that a magnetic flux flowing in only one direction is generated by the permanent magnet, while a cyclically changing force is generated for the retention of the armature or actuating element.
  • the actuating element is attracted against one of the pole faces of one leg of the core, the flux density present therein can be reduced to low values because of the immediate vicinity of the actuating element and the pole shoe.
  • the new device also allows a plurality of actuators to share individual components and thus to reduce the number of driver stages.
  • FIG. 1 shows a magnetic actuation device according to the invention, which consists of a magnetic core 10, which has a permanent magnet 11 as the central limb, an actuating member 12 acting as an armature as an outer limb and a further outer limb 13 for generating a variable magnetic resistance having.
  • the actuating element 12 is shown here as a print hammer and consists of resilient, magnetically permeable material. It can be made of spring steel, for example, and is attached to a pole piece 14 or attached in contact with this pole piece.
  • the actuating element 12 has a pretension directed away from the pole shoe 15, but is held by the magnetic flux flowing from the permanent magnet 11 via the pole shoes 14 and 16 through the magnetic actuating element.
  • the third leg of the magnetic core 10 consists of a pair of core sections 16 and 17, which serve as pole shoes and which are arranged in the immediate vicinity of a rotating disk 13, which has cutouts 18 and sectors 19 and also consists of magnetically permeable material.
  • the air gaps 20 between the ends of the pole pieces thus formed and the rotating sectors 19 are kept small, so that the magnetic Resistance of the third leg of the core is kept as small as possible.
  • the disc 13 is fixed to a shaft 21 which in a suitable manner, such as. B. is driven by a motor. On this shaft 21 there is also a slotted clock disc 22 with opaque sectors 23. Above this clock disc, a transducer 24 is attached which contains a position sensing device, such as. B.
  • This converter supplies a switching signal to a coincidence circuit 26 for releasing the actuating element 12.
  • the coincidence circuit 26 has a second input line, via which a trigger command is supplied.
  • the main flux of the permanent magnet 11 runs in the magnetic circuit with the pole piece 15, the actuating element 12 and the pole piece 14 back to the permanent magnet.
  • the sectors 19 of the slotted disc 13 are in the position shown and the compensation coil is de-energized, the magnetic flux also passes through the cross leg 16, the disc 13 and the cross leg 17 back to the permanent magnet.
  • FIG. 2a shows an idealized course of the flux density through the actuating element and shows an approximately undulating course.
  • the compensation winding 30 is energized approximately at the time when the flux density in the actuating element is at the lowest or at the lowest point of curve A, and when the flow through the transverse legs 16 and 17 and the rotating disk 13 Magnetic flux its: highest value.
  • the clock disk 22 and the converter 24 indicate the position of the sectors 19 with respect to the transverse legs 16 and 17 and deliver a switching signal to the coincidence circuit 26.
  • a trigger control signal occurs in connection with a switching signal, a pulse is generated by the driver stage 28. which excites the compensation coil 30 at 31 in FIG. 21 and generates an increased flux through the adjacent magnetic sectors 19.
  • the actuating element bounces back and moves from its working position into an undeflected neutral one Position back, and then when the pulse supplied to the compensation coil is ended, there is a sufficiently high magnetic flux on the pole shoe 15, which pulls the actuating element back into its retracted position. It can also be seen from FIG. 2a that the flux density increases again, since the magnetic resistance in the opposite leg of the core 10 on the disk 13 increases again.
  • the permanent magnet is preferably selected so that the magnetic flux generated by it is just sufficient to keep the actuating element attracted in its leg during the time of the lowest flux density. If the magnetic flux is too strong, the flux changes become small, so that the advantage of a small current supplied to the compensation coil is lost. This precaution is also applicable to the embodiments to be described.
  • a common permanent magnet 41 forms the middle leg for a magnetic actuation device 40 and a magnetic actuation device 50.
  • the actuation device 40 has a first core section 42 with the pole shoes 43 and 44 and a second core section 45 with the pole shoes 46 and 47.
  • a resilient, prestressed actuation element 48 is attached to the pole piece 46 and is attracted to the pole piece 43.
  • an element 49 made of permeable material is rotatably fastened on a shaft 60 and delivers when it with the pole pieces 44 and 47 is aligned, a flow path with low magnetic resistance.
  • the magnetic actuation device 50 is constructed in a very similar manner in terms of its physical and magnetic properties to the actuation device 40 and has a first core part 52 with a pole shoe 53 and a pole shoe equivalent to the pole shoe 44, which is not shown, however, and a second core part 55 with the pole shoes 56 and 57.
  • a resilient, prestressed actuating element 58 is fastened to the pole shoe 56 and is magnetically attracted by the corresponding pole shoe 53.
  • a magnetically permeable element 59 is fastened to the shaft 60, but is here, for example, rotated by 90 ° with respect to the magnetically permeable element 49.
  • a compensation coil 61 is arranged together around both core parts 42 and 52.
  • the shaft 60 also carries a clock disk 63 with cutouts 64 which, via the converter 65, generate switching signals which are fed to the control circuit 66 as in FIG. 1.
  • the flux emanating from the permanent magnet 41 passes through the pole piece 43 of the actuating element 48 and the pole piece 46 in the device 40, while in the device 50 the main magnetic flux passes through the pole piece 53 of the actuating element 58 and the pole piece 56. If the respective variable magnetic resistance generating magnetically permeable element 49 or 59 is successively aligned with the corresponding pole pieces 44, 47 or 57, then part of the holding flow for the actuating elements is diverted via the variable magnetic resistance generating element so that the flux density in the actuators 48 and 58 is reduced accordingly. If the shaft 60 is rotated, the flux density and thus the magnetomotive change Force that holds the actuators 48 and 58 energized cyclically and out of phase with each other.
  • the current supplied to the compensation coil 61 only has to be sufficient to release and trigger an actuating element when the magnetic resistance of the corresponding other flux path is close to its minimum value. It can be seen that, for the position shown, the excitation of the compensation coil 61 only triggers the actuating element 48, but remains ineffective with respect to the other actuating element 58. It can also be seen that, with other arrangements, such magnetically permeable elements on the shaft 60 with their corresponding rotation relative to the other elements 49 and 59 can be used for further actuating elements for optimizing the flow changes.
  • an electromagnetic holding coil can be provided instead of the permanent magnet, or others can permanent magnetic materials are used.
  • Other arrangements of rotating multiple electromagnets can be used.
  • the compensation coil can, for example, also be attached to the opposite flow path or be arranged on another part of the core. This different arrangement can then require a trip, for example a different current.
  • the magnetic actuating element is shown in two embodiments and is in any case designed as a leaf spring or resilient element and clamped on one side so that it is held in place by the attractive force of the pole piece and, after triggering, moves into the working position.
  • the actuating element can also be an independently arranged element which is resiliently urged into the working position by a compression or tension spring. Furthermore, the actuating element can be returned to the starting position either by an additional winding or a mechanical device if this reset cannot be achieved by the magnetic flux used here.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Impact Printers (AREA)
EP79104182A 1978-12-29 1979-10-29 Actionneur électro-magnétique à modulation de flux Expired EP0012812B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/974,297 US4242658A (en) 1978-12-29 1978-12-29 Magnetic actuator using modulated flux
US974297 1978-12-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0012812A1 true EP0012812A1 (fr) 1980-07-09
EP0012812B1 EP0012812B1 (fr) 1982-06-09

Family

ID=25521865

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79104182A Expired EP0012812B1 (fr) 1978-12-29 1979-10-29 Actionneur électro-magnétique à modulation de flux

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4242658A (fr)
EP (1) EP0012812B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS591055B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU527711B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR7908368A (fr)
CA (1) CA1124779A (fr)
DE (1) DE2963079D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES486094A1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1165400B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1002370A3 (nl) * 1988-08-18 1991-01-15 Schelde Delta Bv Met Beperkte Reaktor en werkwijze voor het realizeren van een fermentatieproces die zulke reaktor toepast.

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60184861A (ja) * 1984-03-02 1985-09-20 Takahide Kazui カ−ドフイ−ドセレクト印字方式によるカ−ドプリンタ−
JPH0525443U (ja) * 1991-03-15 1993-04-02 金 成潤 両面印画紙
US6005462A (en) * 1998-02-24 1999-12-21 Myers; John Leonard Electromagnetic core-energy actuator
US8415839B2 (en) 2009-01-09 2013-04-09 United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of National Aeronautics And Space Administration Apparatus and methods for mitigating electromagnetic emissions

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2319937A (en) * 1941-03-15 1943-05-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Switching contact
FR1274561A (fr) * 1960-09-12 1961-10-27 Vente D Aimants Allevard Ugine Procédé de commande et de contrôle d'un flux magnétique, dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre, ses applications et les produits ainsi obtenus
FR1317278A (fr) * 1961-12-27 1963-02-08 Perfectionnement aux relais polarisés
FR1381216A (fr) * 1962-01-09 1964-12-14 Circuit électromagnétique plus spécialement destiné aux relais et transformateurs différentiels
FR1439143A (fr) * 1965-04-05 1966-05-20 Dispositif de commande magnétique pour contacteurs et autres applications
DE1514719A1 (de) * 1965-01-26 1969-06-19 Schiele Verwaltungsgmbh Elektromagnetischer Haftmagnet,insbesondere fuer ein Haftrelais
US3659238A (en) * 1970-06-30 1972-04-25 Ibm Permanent magnet electromagnetic actuator

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3146381A (en) * 1960-09-12 1964-08-25 Vente D Aimants Allevard Ugine Magnetic force control or switching system
JPS5740522B2 (fr) * 1974-01-18 1982-08-28

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2319937A (en) * 1941-03-15 1943-05-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Switching contact
FR1274561A (fr) * 1960-09-12 1961-10-27 Vente D Aimants Allevard Ugine Procédé de commande et de contrôle d'un flux magnétique, dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre, ses applications et les produits ainsi obtenus
FR1317278A (fr) * 1961-12-27 1963-02-08 Perfectionnement aux relais polarisés
FR1381216A (fr) * 1962-01-09 1964-12-14 Circuit électromagnétique plus spécialement destiné aux relais et transformateurs différentiels
DE1514719A1 (de) * 1965-01-26 1969-06-19 Schiele Verwaltungsgmbh Elektromagnetischer Haftmagnet,insbesondere fuer ein Haftrelais
FR1439143A (fr) * 1965-04-05 1966-05-20 Dispositif de commande magnétique pour contacteurs et autres applications
US3659238A (en) * 1970-06-30 1972-04-25 Ibm Permanent magnet electromagnetic actuator

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1002370A3 (nl) * 1988-08-18 1991-01-15 Schelde Delta Bv Met Beperkte Reaktor en werkwijze voor het realizeren van een fermentatieproces die zulke reaktor toepast.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1124779A (fr) 1982-06-01
JPS591055B2 (ja) 1984-01-10
DE2963079D1 (de) 1982-07-29
IT7928238A0 (it) 1979-12-20
ES486094A1 (es) 1980-06-16
JPS5591809A (en) 1980-07-11
AU527711B2 (en) 1983-03-17
BR7908368A (pt) 1980-08-26
EP0012812B1 (fr) 1982-06-09
US4242658A (en) 1980-12-30
IT1165400B (it) 1987-04-22
AU5353779A (en) 1980-07-03

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