EP0011657B1 - Combustion furnace for domestic refuse or the like - Google Patents

Combustion furnace for domestic refuse or the like Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0011657B1
EP0011657B1 EP19780101508 EP78101508A EP0011657B1 EP 0011657 B1 EP0011657 B1 EP 0011657B1 EP 19780101508 EP19780101508 EP 19780101508 EP 78101508 A EP78101508 A EP 78101508A EP 0011657 B1 EP0011657 B1 EP 0011657B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
molded bodies
combustion chamber
shaped
incinerator according
flue gases
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP19780101508
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0011657A1 (en
Inventor
Carl Miele
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to EP19780101508 priority Critical patent/EP0011657B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F23G7/105—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses of wood waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M9/00—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B7/00—Stoves, ranges or flue-gas ducts, with additional provisions for convection heating 
    • F24B7/005—Flue-gas ducts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an incinerator made of sheet metal for household waste or the like.
  • the known incinerators are equipped with fireboxes, the walls of which are lined with chamotte panels, the thermal conductivity of which is low.
  • Simple sheet metal furnaces are also known, the walls of which are directly exposed to the fire and therefore burn out after a relatively short use.
  • the incinerators equipped with bricked-up, relatively small fireboxes are usually made of cast iron, are only optimal for certain fuels and are also very expensive to buy
  • the main disadvantage of simple sheet-metal stoves is that the side walls, which are directly connected to the flames Come into contact, are easily made to glow during the firing process, which increases the risk of injury and increases the heat radiation significantly.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this.
  • the invention as characterized in the claims and in particular in the main claim, solves the problem of creating a sheet metal incinerator in which soot and ash particles are filtered out from the flue gas or from the flue gases, so that only dry and relatively clean flue gas in reaches the chimney.
  • the invention can be applied to an incinerator in which the outer side walls and the rear wall of the combustion chamber are shielded from the direct action of the burning material using interchangeable sheet metal parts.
  • a combustion furnace 1 for household waste or the like shown in FIG. 1 consists of a rectangular box 2 made of sheet metal, which is covered by a protruding plate 3 and is equipped with a firing door 4 on the front. At the corners of the bottom plate 5 (Fig. 2) of the box 2, brackets 6 to 9 made from profiled plate or the like can be attached.
  • the base plate 5 is provided within the furnace 10 (FIG. 3) with a rectangular opening 11, over which a grate 12 is inserted.
  • An ash pan 14, which is also made of sheet metal, is located below the opening 11 1 at attached angles 13.
  • the two side walls 15, 16 of the combustion chamber 10 and the rear wall 17 (FIG. 4) consist of inserted sheets, which can optionally be made from waste sheet.
  • the side walls 15, 16 and the rear wall 17 of the combustion chamber 10 can, as shown in FIG. 3, be fastened to the relevant outer walls of the box 2 (FIG. 1) by means of bolts 18 to 21 and associated spacer bushings 22 to 25 or as from Fig. 4 can be seen to be held in the inserted position by inserted angles 26, 27.
  • sheets 31 to 33 are advantageously curved in a wave or zigzag shape inserted, which are used for heat transfer, wherein they transfer the heat from the side walls 15, 16 and the rear wall 17 to the box 2, from which the heat is released into the room air.
  • sheets 31 to 33 gratings or the like can also be used for direct heat transfer.
  • the plate 3 already mentioned (FIGS. 2, 3) has an opening 34 which is covered by a removable cover 35.
  • a bushing 36 (FIG. 1) is inserted, into which an exhaust pipe 37 is inserted.
  • a shut-off valve 38 (FIG. 2) which is used to adjust the smoke exhaust.
  • the exhaust pipe 37 (FIG. 2) is seated in a sleeve 39 of a preferably rectangular heat exchanger 40, which may have an inlet 41 which widens inwardly and is covered by a grid 42.
  • the guide ribs or guide plates 43 (FIG.
  • the central region (FIG. 2) of the grille 42 can expediently be equipped without baffles 43 and be provided with a downward-pointing cone or a pyramid 46 which directs the incoming smoke gases to the grille 42.
  • a continuous pipe sleeve 48 is inserted on the upper wall 47 of the heat exchanger 40, which protrudes a little into the interior 49.
  • an exhaust pipe 50 is inserted, which leads to a chimney of the house, not shown.
  • the grille 42 In addition to deflecting the inflowing flue gases, the grille 42 also causes a coarse filtering process in which the larger pieces of paper entrained by the flue gases are retained by the grille 42 and only fall back into the combustion chamber 10 as ash parts or are entrained by the flue gas flowing through them will.
  • a cylindrical shape can also take place, in which the combustion chamber 10 is also cylindrical.
  • the associated inner walls and the corrugated heat conducting plates are also cylindrical.
  • the heat exchanger 40 can be designed as an integrated component of the incinerator 1.
  • the exhaust pipe 37 according to FIG. 2 ceases to exist.
  • a continuous outer jacket can be provided, which has a favorable manufacturing effect. With this construction, the lower area of the outer jacket is intended for the combustion chamber and the upper area for the additional heat exchanger.
  • Can-shaped shaped bodies 51 made of sheet metal are arranged in the heat exchanger 40 above the grid 42.
  • these can-shaped shaped bodies 51 can consist of empty cans.
  • These can-shaped shaped bodies 51 are then arranged with the opening facing downward and with the bottom facing upward in the heat exchanger 40.
  • the bottoms of the can-shaped shaped bodies 51 are provided with one or more holes 52.
  • the flue gases flowing through the can-shaped shaped bodies 51 reduce their flow speed so much that even light soot and ash particles are no longer entrained and can settle. This means that the flue gas entering the chimney is also removed from most of the light ones. Soot and ash particles freed.
  • the shaped bodies 51 store some of this heat. The remaining heat is made usable for space heating via the outer wall of the heat exchanger 40.
  • the chimney draft regulating effect of the shaped bodies 51 is of essential importance for the combustion and for the heating efficiency.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen aus Blech gefertigten Verbrennungsofen für Hausmüll oder dgl.The invention relates to an incinerator made of sheet metal for household waste or the like.

Die bekannten Verbrennungsöfen sind mit Feuerräumen ausgestattet, deren Wandungen mit Schamotteplatten ausgemauert sind, deren Wärmeleitfähigkeit gering ist.The known incinerators are equipped with fireboxes, the walls of which are lined with chamotte panels, the thermal conductivity of which is low.

Es sind ferner einfache Blechöfen bekannt, deren Wandungen dem Feuer direkt ausgesetzt sind und daher nach relativ kurzem Gebrauch durchbrennen.Simple sheet metal furnaces are also known, the walls of which are directly exposed to the fire and therefore burn out after a relatively short use.

Während die mit ausgemauerten, verhältnismäßig kleinen Feuerräumen ausgestatteten Verbrennungsöfen in der Regel aus Gußeisen gefertigt, nur für bestimmte Brennstoffe optimal und außerdem sehr teuer in der Anschaffung sind, besteht der wesentlichste Nachteil der einfachen Blechöfen darin, daß die Seitenwandungen, die direkt mit den Flammen in Berührung kommen, beim Feuerungsvorgang leicht zum Glühen gebracht werden, wodurch die Verletzungsgefahr vermehrt und die Wärmeabstrahlung wesentlich vergrößert wird. Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen. Die Erfindung, wie sie in den Ansprüchen und insbesondere im Hauptanspruch gekennzeichnet ist, löst die Aufgabe, einen Verbrennungsofen aus Blech zu schaffen, bei dem aus dem Rauchgas bzw. aus den Verbrennungsgasen Rußund Ascheteilchen ausgefiltert werden, so daß nur trockenes und relativ sauberes Rauchgas in den Schornstein gelangt.While the incinerators equipped with bricked-up, relatively small fireboxes are usually made of cast iron, are only optimal for certain fuels and are also very expensive to buy, the main disadvantage of simple sheet-metal stoves is that the side walls, which are directly connected to the flames Come into contact, are easily made to glow during the firing process, which increases the risk of injury and increases the heat radiation significantly. The invention seeks to remedy this. The invention, as characterized in the claims and in particular in the main claim, solves the problem of creating a sheet metal incinerator in which soot and ash particles are filtered out from the flue gas or from the flue gases, so that only dry and relatively clean flue gas in reaches the chimney.

Vorteile ergeben sich noch dahingehende, daß die durch die Verbrennung im Feurraum erzeugte Wärme weitestgehend für die Raumheizung nutzbar zu machen ist. Die Erfindung läßt sich bei einem Verbrennungsofen anwenden, bei dem die äußeren Seitenwände sowie die Rückwand des Feuerraums unter Verwendung auswechselbarer Blechteile gegen die unmittelbare Einwirkung des brennenden Materials abgeschirmt sind.There are further advantages in that the heat generated by the combustion in the firing chamber can be used largely for room heating. The invention can be applied to an incinerator in which the outer side walls and the rear wall of the combustion chamber are shielded from the direct action of the burning material using interchangeable sheet metal parts.

Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen erfaßt.Further developments of the invention are covered in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung ist nachstehend anhand der schematischen Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 einen Verbrennungsofen mit angebautem Wärmetauscher in perspektivischer Darstellung;
  • Figur 2 einen Verbrennungsofen mit angebautem Wärmetauscher in Vorderansicht;
  • Figur 3 den Verbrennungsofen im Querschnitt;
  • Figur 4 eine Einzelheit des Verbrennungsofens im Teilschnitt und
  • Figur 5 eine Einzelheit des Wärmetauschers im Teilschnitt.
The invention is explained below with reference to the schematic drawings. Show it:
  • Figure 1 shows an incinerator with attached heat exchanger in a perspective view;
  • Figure 2 shows an incinerator with attached heat exchanger in front view;
  • Figure 3 shows the incinerator in cross section;
  • Figure 4 shows a detail of the incinerator in partial section and
  • Figure 5 shows a detail of the heat exchanger in partial section.

Ein in Fig. 1 dargestellter Verbrennnungsofen 1 für Hausmüll oder dgl. besteht aus einem rechteckigen Kasten 2 aus Blech, der durch eine überstehende Platte 3 abgedeckt und an der Vorderseite mit einer Feuerungstür 4 ausgestattet ist. An den Ecken des Bodenbleches 5 (Fig. 2) des Kastens 2 können aus profiliertem Blech oder dgl. erstellteHalterungen 6 bis 9 befestigt sein. Das Bodenblech 5 ist innerhalb des Feuerungsraums 10 (Fig. 3) mit einer rechteckigen Öffnung 11 versehen, über der ein Rost 12 eingelegt ist. Unterhalb der Offnung 11 1 lagert in angesetzten Winkeln 13 ein Aschenkasten 14, der ebenfalls aus Blech gefertigt ist. Die beiden Seitenwände 15, 16 des Feuerungsraums 10 sowie die Rückwand 17 (Fig. 4) bestehen aus eingesetzten Blechen, die gegebenenfalls aus Abfallblech gefertigt werden können. Die Seitenwände 15, 16 und die Rückwand 17 des Feuerungsraums 10 können, wie in Fig. 3 dargestellt, mittels Bolzen 18 bis 21 und zugeordneten Distanzbuchsen 22 bis 25 an den betreffenden Außenwänden des Kastens 2 (Fig. 1) befestigt werden oder, wie aus Fig. 4 ersichtlich, durch eingesetzte Winkel 26, 27 in der eingesetzten Lage gehalten werden.A combustion furnace 1 for household waste or the like shown in FIG. 1 consists of a rectangular box 2 made of sheet metal, which is covered by a protruding plate 3 and is equipped with a firing door 4 on the front. At the corners of the bottom plate 5 (Fig. 2) of the box 2, brackets 6 to 9 made from profiled plate or the like can be attached. The base plate 5 is provided within the furnace 10 (FIG. 3) with a rectangular opening 11, over which a grate 12 is inserted. An ash pan 14, which is also made of sheet metal, is located below the opening 11 1 at attached angles 13. The two side walls 15, 16 of the combustion chamber 10 and the rear wall 17 (FIG. 4) consist of inserted sheets, which can optionally be made from waste sheet. The side walls 15, 16 and the rear wall 17 of the combustion chamber 10 can, as shown in FIG. 3, be fastened to the relevant outer walls of the box 2 (FIG. 1) by means of bolts 18 to 21 and associated spacer bushings 22 to 25 or as from Fig. 4 can be seen to be held in the inserted position by inserted angles 26, 27.

In die zwischen den äußeren Wandungen des Kastens 2 (Fig. 1, 2) und den Seitenwänden 15, 16 bzw. der Rückwand 17 (Fig. 3, 4) gebildeten Räume 28 bis 30 sind zweckmäßig wellen- oder zickzackförmig gebogene Bleche 31 bis 33 eingelegt, die zur Wärmeübertragung dienen, wobei sie die Wärme von den Seitenwänden 15, 16 bzw. der Rückwand 17 auf den Kasten 2 übertragen, von dem die Wärme an die Raumluft abgegeben wird. Anstelle der Bleche 31 bis 33 können auch Gitterroste oder dgl. zur direkten Wärmeübertragung eingesetzt werden.In the spaces 28 to 30 formed between the outer walls of the box 2 (FIGS. 1, 2) and the side walls 15, 16 and the rear wall 17 (FIGS. 3, 4), sheets 31 to 33 are advantageously curved in a wave or zigzag shape inserted, which are used for heat transfer, wherein they transfer the heat from the side walls 15, 16 and the rear wall 17 to the box 2, from which the heat is released into the room air. Instead of the sheets 31 to 33, gratings or the like can also be used for direct heat transfer.

Die bereits genannte Platte 3 (Fig. 2, 3) weist eine Öffnung 34 auf, die durch einen abnehmbaren Deckel 35 abgedeckt ist. Am hinteren Teil des Deckels 3 ist eine Buchse 36 (Fig. 1) eingesetzt, in die ein Abzugsrohr 37 eingeschoben ist. Am Abzugsrohr 37 befindet sich eine Sperrklappe 38 (Fig. 2) die zur Einstellung des Rauchabzuges dient. Das Abzugsrohr 37 (Fig. 2) sitzt in einer Muffe 39 eines vorzugsweise rechteckigen Wärmetauschers 40, der einen sich nach innen trichterförmig erweiternden Einlauf 41 aufweisen kann, der durch ein Gitter 42 abgedeckt ist. Die Leitrippen bzw. Leitbleche 43 (Fig. 5) des Gitters 42 können allseitig gegen die zugeordneten Wandungen 44 geneigt sein, so daß die einströmenden Rauchgase in Pfeilrichtung 45 gegen die Wandungen 44 strömen und dabei ihre Wärme an letztere abgeben. Zweckmäßigerweise kann der zentrale Bereich (Fig. 2) des Gitters 42 ohne Leitbleche 43 ausgestattet und mit einem nach unten weisenden Kegel oder einer Pyramide 46 versehen sein, welche die eintretenden Rauchgase an das Gitter 42 leitet. Um eine möglichst große Wärmeabgabe zu erreichen, ist an der oberen Wandung 47 des Wärmetauschers 40 eine durchgehende Rohrmuffe 48 eingesetzt, die ein Stück in den Innenraum 49 hineinragt. Durch diese Anordnung erfolgt eine gute Verwirbelung der Rauchgase, die dabei einen wesentlichen Teil ihrer Wärme an die umgebenden Blechteile abgeben.The plate 3 already mentioned (FIGS. 2, 3) has an opening 34 which is covered by a removable cover 35. At the rear part of the cover 3, a bushing 36 (FIG. 1) is inserted, into which an exhaust pipe 37 is inserted. On the exhaust pipe 37 there is a shut-off valve 38 (FIG. 2) which is used to adjust the smoke exhaust. The exhaust pipe 37 (FIG. 2) is seated in a sleeve 39 of a preferably rectangular heat exchanger 40, which may have an inlet 41 which widens inwardly and is covered by a grid 42. The guide ribs or guide plates 43 (FIG. 5) of the grating 42 can be inclined on all sides against the associated walls 44, so that the inflowing smoke gases flow in the direction of the arrow 45 against the walls 44 and thereby give off their heat to the latter. The central region (FIG. 2) of the grille 42 can expediently be equipped without baffles 43 and be provided with a downward-pointing cone or a pyramid 46 which directs the incoming smoke gases to the grille 42. In order to achieve the greatest possible heat emission, a continuous pipe sleeve 48 is inserted on the upper wall 47 of the heat exchanger 40, which protrudes a little into the interior 49. By this arrangement there is a good swirling of the flue gases, which give off a substantial part of their heat to the surrounding sheet metal parts.

In die Rohrmuffe 48 ist ein Abzugsrohr 50 eingeschoben, das zu einem nicht dargestellten Kamin des Hauses führt.In the pipe sleeve 48, an exhaust pipe 50 is inserted, which leads to a chimney of the house, not shown.

Durch das Gitter 42 wird neben der Umlenkung der einströmenden Rauchgase auch ein grober Filtervorgang bewirkt, bei welchem die von den Rauchgasen mitgerissenen größeren Papierteile durch das Gitter 42 zurückgehalten werden und erst nach vollständiger Verbrennung als Aschenteile in den Feuerraum 10 zurückfallen oder von dem durchströmenden Rauchgas mitgerissen werden.In addition to deflecting the inflowing flue gases, the grille 42 also causes a coarse filtering process in which the larger pieces of paper entrained by the flue gases are retained by the grille 42 and only fall back into the combustion chamber 10 as ash parts or are entrained by the flue gas flowing through them will.

Anstelle der kastenförmigen Ausbildung des Verbrennungsofens 1 und des Wärmetauschers 40 kann auch eine zylindrische Formgebung erfolgen, bei welcher der Feuerungsraum 10 ebenfalls zylindrisch ausgebildet wird. Selbstverständlich sind dabei die zugeordneten Innenwandungen sowie die gewelltten Wärmeleitbleche ebenfalls zylindrisch gestaltet. Des weiteren kann der Wärmetauscher 40 als integrierter Bestandteil des Verbrennungsofens 1 ausgebildet werden. In diesem Fall kommt das Abzugsrohr 37 gemäß Fig. 2 in Fortfall. Bei der zylindrischen Formgebung kann ein durchgehender Außenmantel vorgesehen werden, was sich fertigungstechnisch günstig auswirkt. Bei dieser Konstruktion ist der untere Bereich des Außenmantels für den Feuerungsraum und der obere Bereich für den zusätzlichen Wärmeaustauscher vorgesehen.Instead of the box-shaped design of the incinerator 1 and the heat exchanger 40, a cylindrical shape can also take place, in which the combustion chamber 10 is also cylindrical. Of course, the associated inner walls and the corrugated heat conducting plates are also cylindrical. Furthermore, the heat exchanger 40 can be designed as an integrated component of the incinerator 1. In this case, the exhaust pipe 37 according to FIG. 2 ceases to exist. In the cylindrical shape, a continuous outer jacket can be provided, which has a favorable manufacturing effect. With this construction, the lower area of the outer jacket is intended for the combustion chamber and the upper area for the additional heat exchanger.

Im Wärmetauscher 40 sind über dem Gitter 42 dosenförmige Formkörper 51 aus Blech angeordnet. Diese dosenförmigen Formkörper 51 können im einfachsten Fall aus leeren Konservendosen bestehen. Diese dosenförmigen Formkörper 51 sind dann mit der Öffnung nach unten und mit dem Boden nach oben im Wärmetauscher 40 angeordnet. Die Böden der dosenförmigen Formkörper 51 sind mit einem oder mit mehreren Löchern 52 versehen.Can-shaped shaped bodies 51 made of sheet metal are arranged in the heat exchanger 40 above the grid 42. In the simplest case, these can-shaped shaped bodies 51 can consist of empty cans. These can-shaped shaped bodies 51 are then arranged with the opening facing downward and with the bottom facing upward in the heat exchanger 40. The bottoms of the can-shaped shaped bodies 51 are provided with one or more holes 52.

Aus dem Rauchgas werden dadurch weitere Ruß- und Ascheteilchen ausgefiltert, so daß nur trockenes und relativ sauberes Rauchgas in den Schnornstein gelangt.As a result, more soot and ash particles are filtered out of the flue gas, so that only dry and relatively clean flue gas gets into the chimney.

Diese zusätzliche Ausfilterung der Ruß- und Ascheteilchen aus dem Rauchgas läßt sich folgendermaßen erklären:

  • Die dosenförmigen Formkörper 51 bilden für die Rauchgase zwei unterschiedliche Rauchgaswege. Ein Teil der Rauchgase kann an den z.B. aus leeren Konservendosen bestehenden Formköpern 51 vorbei direkt in das Abzugsrohr 50 gelangen. Der übrige Teil der Rauchgase strömt in die dosenförmigen Formkörper 51 und durch die Löcher 52. Da der dabei zu überwindende Widerstand wesentlich größer ist als der Widerstand für die an den dosenförmigen Formkörpern 51 vorbeiströmenden Rauchgase, ergeben sich unterschiedliche Rauchgasgeschwindigkeiten.
This additional filtering out of the soot and ash particles from the flue gas can be explained as follows:
  • The can-shaped molded bodies 51 form two different flue gas paths for the flue gases. Some of the flue gases can get past the molded bodies 51, which consist, for example, of empty cans, directly into the exhaust pipe 50. The remaining part of the flue gases flows into the can-shaped shaped bodies 51 and through the holes 52. Since the resistance to be overcome is considerably greater than the resistance for the flue gases flowing past the can-shaped shaped bodies 51, different flue gas speeds result.

Die durch die dosenförmigen Formkörper 51 strömenden Rauchgase verringern ihre Strömungsgeschwindigkeit so stark, daß auch leichte Ruß- und Ascheteilchen nicht mehr mitgerissen werden und sich absetzen können. Dadurch wird das in den Schornstein gelangende Rauchgas auch vom größten Teil der leichten. Ruß- und Ascheteilchen befreit.The flue gases flowing through the can-shaped shaped bodies 51 reduce their flow speed so much that even light soot and ash particles are no longer entrained and can settle. This means that the flue gas entering the chimney is also removed from most of the light ones. Soot and ash particles freed.

Beim Anheizen oder bei kleinem Feuer können die Rauchgase an den dosenförmigen Formkörpern mit ausreichender Geschwindigkeit vorbeiströmen. Es ist deshalb auch bei ungünstigen Zugverhältnissen ein ausreichender Schornsteinzug vorhanden.When heating up or in the event of a small fire, the flue gases can flow past the can-shaped bodies at a sufficient speed. There is therefore a sufficient chimney draft even in unfavorable draft conditions.

Bei schwankendem Schornsteinzug, wie er bei böigem Win oder bei der Verbrennung von festen Brennstoffen nicht zu vermeiden ist, wird außerdem noch folgender Vorteil durch die im Wärmetauscher 40 befindlichen dosenförmigen Formkörper 51 erzielt:

  • 1) Bei starkem Schornsteinzug durch Windböen wirken die Formkörper wie ein Widerstand oder wie eine Drosselklappe im Rauchgaskanal. Zu großer Luftüberschuß bei der Verbrennung und zu große Wärmeabführung aus dem zu beheizenden Raum werden dadurch vermieden. Der Verbrennungswirkungsgrad und auch der Heizwirkungsgrad werden verbessert.
  • 2) Bei starkem Schornsteinzug durch ein großes Feuer wirken die Formkörper ebenfalls wie ein Widerstand im Rauchgaskanal. Dabei geben die langsam durch die dosenförmigen Formkörper 51 strömenden Rauchgase einen großen Teil ihrer Wärme an die Formkörper 51 ab.
In the case of fluctuating chimney draft, as cannot be avoided in gusty winds or when burning solid fuels, the following advantage is also achieved by the can-shaped shaped bodies 51 located in the heat exchanger 40:
  • 1) In the case of strong chimney draft caused by gusts of wind, the shaped bodies act like a resistor or like a throttle valve in the flue gas duct. Excess air during combustion and excessive heat dissipation from the room to be heated are avoided. The combustion efficiency and also the heating efficiency are improved.
  • 2) In the case of a strong chimney draft caused by a large fire, the moldings also act as a resistor in the flue gas duct. The flue gases slowly flowing through the can-shaped shaped bodies 51 give off a large part of their heat to the shaped bodies 51.

Einen Teil dieser Wärme speichern die Formkörper 51. Die restliche Wärme wird über die Außenwandung des Wärmetauschers 40 für die Raumheizung nutzbar gemacht.The shaped bodies 51 store some of this heat. The remaining heat is made usable for space heating via the outer wall of the heat exchanger 40.

3) Bei schwachem Schornsteinzug durch ein kleines Feuer, durch starken Abbrand oder nach dem Nachfüllen des Ofens mit Brennmaterial geben die Formkörper 51 einen Teil der gespeicherten Wärme an die Rauchgase ab und erhöhen damit den Schornsteinzug. Das Abbrennen des nachgefüllten Brennmaterials wird dadurch verbessert.3) In the event of a weak chimney draft caused by a small fire, severe burns or after the stove has been refilled with fuel, the shaped bodies 51 give off part of the stored heat to the flue gases and thus increase the chimney draft. This improves the burning of the refilled fuel.

Da insbesondere bei der Verbrennung von Müll oder Holzabfällen die Verbrennung ständig zwischen einem Minimal- und einem Maximalwert schwankt, ist die den Schornsteinzug regulierende Wirkung der Formkörper 51 von wesentlicher Bedeutung für die Verbrennung und für den Heizungswirkungsgrad.Since the combustion fluctuates constantly between a minimum and a maximum value, particularly when burning waste or wood waste, the chimney draft regulating effect of the shaped bodies 51 is of essential importance for the combustion and for the heating efficiency.

Mit den Formkörpern 51 im Wärmetauscher 40 lassen sich praktisch alle Vorteile einer automatisch gesteuerten Drosselklappe - ohne deren Nachteile, wie hoher mechanischer Aufwand, Störanfälligkeit oder dgl. - erreichen.With the shaped bodies 51 in the heat exchanger 40, practically all the advantages of an automatically controlled throttle valve can be achieved - without their disadvantages, such as high mechanical outlay, susceptibility to faults or the like.

Gegenüber einer automatischen Drosselklappe werden noch zusätzlich folgende Vorteile erzielt:

  • 1) Ausfilterung, auch kleiner Ruß- und Ascheteilchen, aus dem Rauchgas,
  • 2) zusätzliche Wärmeausnutzung aus den Rauchgasen,
  • 3) Erhöhung des Schornsteinzugs nach dem Nachfüllen von Brennmaterial.
The following additional advantages are achieved compared to an automatic throttle valve:
  • 1) filtering, including small soot and ash particles, from the flue gas,
  • 2) additional heat utilization from the flue gases,
  • 3) Increasing the chimney draft after refueling.

Claims (7)

1. An incinerator for domestic garbage and the like, having a heat exchanger (40) which is disposed behind the combustion chamber and through which flow combustion gases, characterized in that said heat exchanger (40) includes can-shaped molded bodies (51) within the flow path, the open sides of which are facing downwards and the bottoms of which are facing upwards, that the bottoms of said molded bodies (51) are provided with one or more holes (52) and that gaps are disposed between the can-shaped molded bodies (51) through which the flue gases can pass said molded bodies (51), the velocity of said flue gases flowing through said molded bodies (51) being smaller than the velocity of the gases flowing past said molded bodies.
2. The incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that said molded bodies (51) are shaped to be cylindrical like a can.
3. The incinerator according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that a grid (42) is disposed below the open sides of said can-shaped molded bodies (51) within the flow path of the flue gases.
4. The incinerator according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said can-shaped molded bodies (51) rest on said grid (42) with their openings facing downwards.
5. The incinerator according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said combustion chamber is double-walled and the side walls (15 to 17) of said combustion chamber (10) are bridged by heat-conductive sheets (31 to 33).
6. The incinerator according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said side walls (15 to 17) of said combustion chamber (10) are interchangeably mounted in said combustion chamber.
7. The incinerator according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said side walls (15 to 17) of said combustion chamber (10) are detachable supported by guide means.
EP19780101508 1978-12-01 1978-12-01 Combustion furnace for domestic refuse or the like Expired EP0011657B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19780101508 EP0011657B1 (en) 1978-12-01 1978-12-01 Combustion furnace for domestic refuse or the like

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19780101508 EP0011657B1 (en) 1978-12-01 1978-12-01 Combustion furnace for domestic refuse or the like

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0011657A1 EP0011657A1 (en) 1980-06-11
EP0011657B1 true EP0011657B1 (en) 1981-07-29

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ID=8185944

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19780101508 Expired EP0011657B1 (en) 1978-12-01 1978-12-01 Combustion furnace for domestic refuse or the like

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EP (1) EP0011657B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3921117A1 (en) * 1988-12-22 1990-06-28 Juergen Hauke Filter device fitted in waste gas lines - having housing, connecting sections, support channels, fitting rods, waste gas line and wire netting
DE4306228A1 (en) * 1993-02-27 1994-09-01 Abb Patent Gmbh Flue gas filter arrangement for dusts and gaseous pollutants
DE19826492A1 (en) * 1998-06-13 1999-12-16 Ebert Jens Wood gasification boiler

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE562334C (en) * 1932-10-24 Gabriel Grandjean Smoke heater
DE94706C (en) *
DE91789C (en) *
FR412617A (en) * 1910-05-15 1910-07-18 Alois Schmid Air circulation stove
US1886760A (en) * 1927-04-04 1932-11-08 Michael J Tierney Garbage and refuse incinerator
FR671281A (en) * 1929-03-11 1929-12-11 Improvement in domestic heaters, and others
CH141816A (en) * 1929-09-16 1930-08-31 H Althaus Device for utilizing the heat of the exhaust gases from ovens.
GB567768A (en) * 1943-08-21 1945-03-01 Charles Leigh Thomas Improvements in stoves
DE804239C (en) * 1948-10-02 1951-04-19 Jakob Bauer Stovepipe intermediate piece for increased heat utilization of the flue gases
US2719497A (en) * 1951-01-24 1955-10-04 Frederick R Hock Metallic trash burner
US3187697A (en) * 1962-08-13 1965-06-08 Rumpel Charles Incinerator spark eliminator
CH540463A (en) * 1971-06-07 1973-08-15 Lohner Jacques Waste incinerator

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