EP0011582B1 - Improvement in roller reefing systems - Google Patents

Improvement in roller reefing systems Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0011582B1
EP0011582B1 EP79420055A EP79420055A EP0011582B1 EP 0011582 B1 EP0011582 B1 EP 0011582B1 EP 79420055 A EP79420055 A EP 79420055A EP 79420055 A EP79420055 A EP 79420055A EP 0011582 B1 EP0011582 B1 EP 0011582B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sail
mast
boom
rope
tunnel
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Expired
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EP79420055A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0011582A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Ingouf
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LEISYSTEM SA
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LEISYSTEM SA
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Publication of EP0011582A1 publication Critical patent/EP0011582A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/08—Connections of sails to masts, spars, or the like
    • B63H9/10—Running rigging, e.g. reefing equipment
    • B63H9/1021—Reefing
    • B63H9/1042—Reefing by furling around or inside the boom

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improvement to the devices making it possible to establish a sail as well as to adapt the surface of said sail to the force of the wind.
  • the reefing technique is generally used.
  • a second way consists, after having released the halyard, to wind the sail around a boom with roller which one actuates with a crank.
  • a boom as shown in fig. 1 is connected to the mast 2 by a universal joint 3 which occupies a relatively large space AB, from 15 to 25 cm. depending on the size of the boat.
  • the luff or luff cord 15 5 of the sail is engaged directly or by means of pins in a luff tunnel 5 fixed to the rear generator of the mast, but interrupted at C at 40 or 50 cm. above the boom to allow the sail to follow the boom's movements sand risk of tears at tack 6.
  • the edge 7 of the sail is also engaged in the boom tunnel. It can be stretched, that is to say stretched between its two ends formed by the tack point 6 and the listening point 8 to adapt the hollow of the sail to the force of the wind.
  • Fig. 2 highlights the defects inherent in such conventional roller booms.
  • the sail When the sail is wound by actuating the crank 9, it is wound on the cylindrical body of the boom, but also on the space AB occupied by the joint, space whose shape and orientation vary continuously depending on boom orientation.
  • the rolled sail cannot therefore be stretched in this area, especially since the tack point reinforcement 10 must be rolled (fig. 1) and especially the line of rope 4 generally very thick (15 to 20 mm) .
  • the winding diameter therefore increases very quickly from one turn to the next, for example 30 mm per revolution, if the rope is 15 mm thick, while the winding diameter of the fall increases slightly, 2 mm per revolution, corresponding to the two thicknesses of fabric.
  • Patent GB-A-639,062 describes for example a sail comprising, instead of the usual angular reinforcement of tack, a recessed cutout having, at the edge bead a length equal to the axial length of effective dimensions boom articulation on the mast and a height, taken at the level of the headline cord, at least equal to said length.
  • This cut can be practically occupied by a detachable windshield, normally responsible for restoring the sail surface and securing the base of the latter on the mast.
  • US Pat. No. 3,132,620 proposes, for the same purpose, to produce a mast comprising a foot offset or offset towards the front of the boat over a height corresponding to that of support of the boom articulation.
  • the part of the mast ensuring the maintenance of the sail luff extends substantially perpendicular to the articulation of the boom and allows the winding of the sail on the latter without covering the articulation.
  • the sail furler produced according to the invention makes it possible to eliminate these defects and to obtain by simple winding a reduced sail as perfect as one could obtain by taking reefs.
  • the device for setting up, maintaining and winding a sail of the type comprising a straight mast over its entire length, a boom connected to the mast by a cardan joint and associated with a device rotary drive and at least one rope rope tunnel for sliding and holding the sail rope rope, is characterized in that this rope rope tunnel extends between the top of the mast and the point of the boom closest to said mast but situated outside the zone corresponding to the articulation of said boom on the mast.
  • the object of the invention (fig. 3) is to ensure that the area AB is located outside the winding area of the sail. To this end, it is provided, according to the invention, to tension the line of luff 15 no longer along the mast and against it, but directly between the halyard point D and the end of the boom 1 most near mast 2.
  • One possible embodiment consists in providing, from the mast 2, a radial extension towards the rear of the boat and constituted by a triangle 13 carrying the tunnel 12 on its hypotenuse DB.
  • the tunnel 12 can naturally be made of any material (light alloy, plastic) and be connected to the mast by any means.
  • the triangle 13 can advantageously be articulated on the rear generator of the mast 2 and even be flexible to more easily follow the movements of the sail.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment consists in making the triangle 13 with sailcloth.
  • Fig. 4 shows in section such an embodiment according to which the fabric triangle 13 is limited by a line of rope 4 introduced into the groove or tunnel 5 of the mast 2 and comprises on its opposite edge, an intermediate tunnel 12 in which the rope 15 circulates sailing.
  • the cord 16 trapped in a headline ribbon by means of a seam 17 very tight against it, so as to leave no play (fig. 5a).
  • the ribbon thus prepared is completed by a second seam 18 parallel to the first and distant from the latter by a distance slightly greater than the diameter of the cord, for example, 5 to 7 mm, for a cord of 0.5 mm (fig. . 5b).
  • the direction in which the propeller develops, towards the mast or towards the opposite end of the boom, on the other hand depends on the angle made by the axis of the boom and the axis of the rope rope tunnel 13 at the start of winding.
  • this angle is slightly less than 90 °, the propeller develops towards the free end of the boom. If, on the contrary, it is greater than 90 °, the propeller develops towards the mast.
  • the propeller At the end of winding, if, for example, ten turns of winding with a 5 mm rope, have been made, the propeller will have developed over 50 mm away from the mast and the rope leading out of the tunnel 12 will join the last turn at a significant angle f3, for example 20 to 30 °.
  • the boom 1 is then immobilized on its axis by any means, bolt, ratchet, brake, while the halyard is reheated to re-tension the luff of the sail.
  • the traction exerted on the headline cord (fig. 8) coils the coiled turns which somehow screw one on top of the other, except for the last which, biased at an angle A, by pulling the halyard , escapes over its neighbors to return to line up on the axis of the line rope tunnel 12.
  • connection means 13 between the mast and the new rope line tunnel 12 is constituted by a fabric triangle
  • the textile triangle 13 is, in this case, bordered on the side of the sail by a cord 16a identical or similar to the cord 16 which constitutes the headline of the sail (FIG. 9).
  • the central channel 20 of the sheath carrying the two tunnels will advantageously be used to house a rope which, subject to the top of the mast, will support the weight of the tunnel 12 and of the connecting element 13.
  • the sail-wrapping as just described, can operate using any of the known boom boom systems.
  • the boom 1, articulated to the mast 2 by means of a gimbal 3, can be driven by a simple crank 9 directly engaging the axis of the gimbal.
  • the drive is carried out by a notched pulley 21 fixed on the axis of the gimbal crossing the mast and driven by a reciprocating rope with return to the cockpit so as to centralize the maneuvers in the vicinity of the command post.
  • this problem can be resolved from the moment when the sail is wound without folds on the boom by the presence of the tunnel 12. Indeed, provision is made, according to FIGS. 10 and 11 to extend the part 3a of the articulation 3 so that it pivots freely in the bottom 25 of the boom 1. Beyond the bottom 25, the part 3a is extended by a screw 22 driving in translation, according to the boom axis, a slide 23 to which is connected a cable 24 passing at the end of the boom on a deflection pulley 26 for joining the listening point eye 8 of the sail 11.
  • this lock is controlled automatically by the winding of the first turn of fabric.
  • the nut 23 is cut radially and axially to define a housing 28 of rectangular section having its counterpart 27a on the bearing 27.
  • a rectangular window 31 is formed in the wall of the boom to the passage of a latch 29 held by a spring leaf 30 so that in the rest position it partially protrudes at least outside ten millimeters and at the same time releases the housings 27a and 28 .
  • the lock may possibly not come out spontaneously if it is stuck in its housing, but it will be released as soon as the cardan shaft is actuated in the direction of unrolling for the specific purpose of releasing the tension of the edge of the sail.

Description

La présente invention concerne un perfectionnement aux dispositifs permettant d'établir une voile ainsi que d'adapter la surface de ladite voile à la force du vent.The present invention relates to an improvement to the devices making it possible to establish a sail as well as to adapt the surface of said sail to the force of the wind.

Pour réduire la surface d'une grand'voile et l'adapter à la force du vent, on utilise en général la technique de prise de ris.To reduce the area of a mainsail and adapt it to the force of the wind, the reefing technique is generally used.

Un deuxième moyen consiste, après avoir relâché la drisse, à enrouler la voile autour d'une bôme à rouleau qu'on actionne avec une manivelle. Cette solution rapide et séduisante, autrefois très utilisée notamment sur les voiliers de course, a aujour d'hui pratiquement disparu au profit des systèmes de prise de ris qui permettent de réduire la surface de la voile en lui conservant une forme meilleure, donc plus efficace.A second way consists, after having released the halyard, to wind the sail around a boom with roller which one actuates with a crank. This fast and attractive solution, formerly widely used in particular on racing sailboats, has nowadays practically disappeared in favor of reefing systems which make it possible to reduce the surface of the sail while preserving it a better, therefore more efficient shape. .

L'examen du mécanisme d'une bôme à rouleau permet de comprendre la raison pour laquelle ce système déforme la voile beaucoup plus qu'une prise de ris classique.Examination of the mechanism of a roller boom allows us to understand the reason why this system distorts the sail much more than a conventional reefing.

Une bôme telle que représentée à la fig. 1 est reliée au mât 2 par une articulation à cardan 3 qui occupe un espace AB relativement important, de 15 à 25 cm. suivant la taille du bateau.A boom as shown in fig. 1 is connected to the mast 2 by a universal joint 3 which occupies a relatively large space AB, from 15 to 25 cm. depending on the size of the boat.

Le guindant ou cordon de ralingue 15 5 de la voile est engagé directement ou par l'intermédiaire de chevillots dans un tunnel de ralingue 5 fixé sur la génératrice arrière du mât, mais interrompu en C à 40 ou 50 cm. au-dessus de la bôme pour permettre à la voile de suivre les mouvements de la bôme sand risque de déchirures au point d'amure 6.The luff or luff cord 15 5 of the sail is engaged directly or by means of pins in a luff tunnel 5 fixed to the rear generator of the mast, but interrupted at C at 40 or 50 cm. above the boom to allow the sail to follow the boom's movements sand risk of tears at tack 6.

La bordure 7 de la voile est, elle aussi, engagée dans le tunnel de la bôme. Elle peut être étarquée, c'est-à-dire tendue entre ses deux extrémités formées par le point d'amure 6 et le point d'écoute 8 pour adapter le creux de la voile à la force du vent.The edge 7 of the sail is also engaged in the boom tunnel. It can be stretched, that is to say stretched between its two ends formed by the tack point 6 and the listening point 8 to adapt the hollow of the sail to the force of the wind.

La fig. 2 met en évidence les défauts inhérents à de telles bômes à rouleau usuelles. Lorsqu'on enroule la voile en actionnant la manivelle 9, elle s'enroule sur le corps cylindrique de la bôme, mais également sur l'espace AB occupé par l'articulation, espace dont la forme et l'orientation varient continuellement en fonction de l'orientation de la bôme. La voile roulée ne peut donc pas être tendue dans cette zone, d'autant qu'il faut rouler le renfort de point d'amure 10 (fig. 1) et surtout le cordon de ralingue 4 généralement très épais (15 à 20 mm).Fig. 2 highlights the defects inherent in such conventional roller booms. When the sail is wound by actuating the crank 9, it is wound on the cylindrical body of the boom, but also on the space AB occupied by the joint, space whose shape and orientation vary continuously depending on boom orientation. The rolled sail cannot therefore be stretched in this area, especially since the tack point reinforcement 10 must be rolled (fig. 1) and especially the line of rope 4 generally very thick (15 to 20 mm) .

Dans la zone proche du mât, le diamètre d'enroulement augmente donc très vite d'une spire à la suivante, par exemple 30 mm par tour, si la ralingue a 15 mm d'épaisseur, tandis que le diamètre d'enroulement de la chute augmente lui, faiblement, 2 mm par tour, correspondant aux deux épaisseurs de tissu.In the area near the mast, the winding diameter therefore increases very quickly from one turn to the next, for example 30 mm per revolution, if the rope is 15 mm thick, while the winding diameter of the fall increases slightly, 2 mm per revolution, corresponding to the two thicknesses of fabric.

De ce fait, l'enroulement n'est plus cylindrique, mais fortement conique avec deux conséquences défavorables:

  • - l'extrémité de la bôme tombe progressivement vers le pont,
  • - la toile qui s'enroule sur ce mandrin conique est repoussée vers la mât avec, pour conséquence, la formation de plis et le creusement de la voile le long du mât. Cette déformation de la voile lui fait perdre son efficacité pour une navigation au près.
As a result, the winding is no longer cylindrical, but strongly conical with two unfavorable consequences:
  • - the end of the boom gradually falls towards the bridge,
  • - The fabric which is wound on this conical mandrel is pushed back towards the mast with, as a consequence, the formation of folds and the digging of the sail along the mast. This deformation of the sail makes it lose its effectiveness for sailing upwind.

Pour tenter de résoudre ce problème, plusieurs propositions ont déjà été formulées.In an attempt to resolve this problem, several proposals have already been made.

Le brevet GB-A-639 062 décrit par exemple une voile comportant, au lieu du renfort angulaire de point d'amure usuel, une découpe en retrait possédant, au niveau du cordon de bordure une longueur égale à la longueur axiale d'encombrement effectif de l'articulation de bôme sur le mât et une hauteur, prise au niveau du cordon de ralingue, au moins égale à ladite longueur.Patent GB-A-639,062 describes for example a sail comprising, instead of the usual angular reinforcement of tack, a recessed cutout having, at the edge bead a length equal to the axial length of effective dimensions boom articulation on the mast and a height, taken at the level of the headline cord, at least equal to said length.

Cette découpe peut être pratiquement occupée par une bonnette détachable, normalement chargée de reconstituer la surface de voile et d'assujettir la base de cette dernière sur le mât.This cut can be practically occupied by a detachable windshield, normally responsible for restoring the sail surface and securing the base of the latter on the mast.

En réalité, une telle proposition aboutit à imposer au navigateur des opérations et des manoeuvres supplémentaires de montage et de démontage sans régler fondamentalement le problème de base. En effet, l'enroulement de la voile, notamment par gros temps, conduira inévitablement à réaliser l'enroulement de la partie de la voile au delà de la découpe avec, pour conséquence, le recouvrement de la zone d'articulation.In reality, such a proposal results in imposing on the navigator additional operations and maneuvers for assembly and disassembly without fundamentally solving the basic problem. Indeed, the winding of the sail, especially in heavy weather, will inevitably lead to the winding of the part of the sail beyond the cut with, as a consequence, the overlap of the articulation zone.

Le brevet US-A-3 132 620 propose dans le même but de réaliser un mât comportant un pied décalé ou déporté vers l'avant du bateau sur une hauteur correspondant à celle de support de l'articulation de la bôme. De cette façon, la partie du mât assurant le maintien de la ralingue de voile s'étend sensiblement à l'aplomb de l'articulation de la bôme et permet l'enroulement de la voile sur cette dernière sans recouvrement de l'articulation.US Pat. No. 3,132,620 proposes, for the same purpose, to produce a mast comprising a foot offset or offset towards the front of the boat over a height corresponding to that of support of the boom articulation. In this way, the part of the mast ensuring the maintenance of the sail luff extends substantially perpendicular to the articulation of the boom and allows the winding of the sail on the latter without covering the articulation.

Si cette solution règle en principe le problème posé, elle ne peut en revanche être pratiquement mise en oeuvre compte tenu de la difficulté de réalisation et du coût élevé qui en résulte.If this solution solves in principle the problem posed, it cannot however be practically implemented taking into account the difficulty of realization and the high cost which results from it.

L'enrouleur de voile réalisé selon l'invention permet d'éliminer ces défauts et d'obtenir par simple enroulement une voile réduite aussi parfaite qu'on pourrait l'obtenir par la prise de ris.The sail furler produced according to the invention makes it possible to eliminate these defects and to obtain by simple winding a reduced sail as perfect as one could obtain by taking reefs.

Conformément à l'invention, le dispositif pour la mise en place, le maintien et l'enroulement d'une voile du type comprenant un mât rectiligne sur toute sa longueur, une bôme reliée au mât par une articulation à cardan et associée à un dispositif d'entraînement en rotation et au moins un tunnel de ralingue pour le coulissement et le maintien de la ralingue de voile, est caractérisé en ce que ce tunnel de ralingue s'étend entre le sommet du mât et le point de la bôme le plus proche dudit mât mais situé en dehors de la zone correspondant à l'articulation de ladite bôme sur le mât.In accordance with the invention, the device for setting up, maintaining and winding a sail of the type comprising a straight mast over its entire length, a boom connected to the mast by a cardan joint and associated with a device rotary drive and at least one rope rope tunnel for sliding and holding the sail rope rope, is characterized in that this rope rope tunnel extends between the top of the mast and the point of the boom closest to said mast but situated outside the zone corresponding to the articulation of said boom on the mast.

Les figures suivantes permettent de préciser les caractéristiques et les détails de l'enrouleur de voile selon l'invention.

  • Les fig. 1 et 2 sont des vues latérales, partielles, schématiques illustrant la technique antérieure à l'invention.
  • La fig. 3 est une élévation partielle montrant l'objet de l'invention.
  • La fig. 4 représente un mode de réalisation de l'objet de l'invention.
  • Les fig. 5a à 5c illustrent des phases de réalisation de l'un des éléments selon l'invention.
  • La fig. 6 est une coupe montrant un avantage de la conception de l'objet de l'invention.
  • Les fig. 7 et 8 illustrent deux positions caractéristiques d'enroulement d'une voile avec le dispositif de l'invention.
  • La fig. 9 montre un deuxième mode avantageux de réalisation de l'élément de la fig. 4.
  • La fig. 10 est une coupe-élévation montrant une autre disposition de l'invention.
  • La fig. 11 est une coupe transversale, à plus grande échelle, prise selon la ligne XI-XI de la fig. 10.
  • La fig. 12 est une coupe-élévation montrant une autre caractéristique de l'invention.
The following figures make it possible to specify the characteristics and the details of the sail furler according to the invention.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 are side, partial, schematic views illustrating the technique prior to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a partial elevation showing the object of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the object of the invention.
  • Figs. 5a to 5c illustrate phases of production of one of the elements according to the invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a section showing an advantage of the design of the object of the invention.
  • Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate two characteristic positions for winding a sail with the device of the invention.
  • Fig. 9 shows a second advantageous embodiment of the element of FIG. 4.
  • Fig. 10 is a sectional elevation showing another arrangement of the invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a cross section, on a larger scale, taken along the line XI-XI of FIG. 10.
  • Fig. 12 is a sectional elevation showing another characteristic of the invention.

Ainsi que cela a été exposé précédemment, le problème de l'enroulement de voile avec les bômes à rouleau traditionnelles nait de l'obligation d'enrouler la voile au niveau de l'articulation 3, c'est-à-dire dans la zone A-B occupée par cette dernière.As has been explained previously, the problem of winding the sail with traditional roller boom arises from the obligation to wind the sail at the level of the joint 3, that is to say in the area AB occupied by the latter.

Le but de l'invention (fig. 3) est de faire en sorte que la zone AB soit située en dehors de la zone d'enroulement de la voile. A cette fin, il est prévu, selon l'invention, de tendre le cordon de ralingue 15 non plus le long du mât et contre celui-ci, mais directement entre le point de drisse D et l'extrémité de la bôme 1 la plus proche du mât 2.The object of the invention (fig. 3) is to ensure that the area AB is located outside the winding area of the sail. To this end, it is provided, according to the invention, to tension the line of luff 15 no longer along the mast and against it, but directly between the halyard point D and the end of the boom 1 most near mast 2.

Comme le cordon de ralingue 15 doit être soutenu, il faut pour ce faire rétablir un nouveau tunnel de ralingue 12 entre les points D et B et rattacher ce tunnel par des moyens appropriés au mât 2 lui-même.As the line of rope 15 must be supported, it is necessary to do this to restore a new tunnel of rope 12 between points D and B and to attach this tunnel by appropriate means to the mast 2 itself.

Une réalisation possible, selon l'invention, consiste à prévoir, à partir du mât 2, une extension radiale vers l'arrière du bateau et constituée par un triangle 13 portant le tunnel 12 sur son hypoténuse DB.One possible embodiment, according to the invention, consists in providing, from the mast 2, a radial extension towards the rear of the boat and constituted by a triangle 13 carrying the tunnel 12 on its hypotenuse DB.

Le tunnel 12 peut naturellement être constitué en n'importe quel matériau (alliage léger, plastique) et être relié au mât par n'importe quel moyen.The tunnel 12 can naturally be made of any material (light alloy, plastic) and be connected to the mast by any means.

Le triangle 13 peut avantageusement être articulé sur la génératrice arrière du mât 2 et même être souple pour suivre plus facilement les mouvements de la voile.The triangle 13 can advantageously be articulated on the rear generator of the mast 2 and even be flexible to more easily follow the movements of the sail.

Un mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux consiste à réaliser le triangle 13 avec de la toile à voile. La fig. 4 montre en coupe une telle réalisation selon laquelle, le triangle de tissu 13 est limité par un cordon de ralingue 4 introduit dans la gorge ou tunnel 5 du mât 2 et comporte sur son bord opposé, un tunnel intermédiaire 12 dans lequel circule la ralingue 15 de la voile.A particularly advantageous embodiment consists in making the triangle 13 with sailcloth. Fig. 4 shows in section such an embodiment according to which the fabric triangle 13 is limited by a line of rope 4 introduced into the groove or tunnel 5 of the mast 2 and comprises on its opposite edge, an intermediate tunnel 12 in which the rope 15 circulates sailing.

Pour constituer la ralingue 15, il est prévu le cordon 16 emprisonné dans un ruban de ralingue grâce à une couture 17 très serrée contre lui, de façon à ne laisser aucun jeu (fig. 5a).To constitute the headline 15, there is provided the cord 16 trapped in a headline ribbon by means of a seam 17 very tight against it, so as to leave no play (fig. 5a).

Pour solidariser plus complètement le cordon et le ruban, il est avantageux d'enduire celui-ci avant couture avec une colle à base d'élastomère.To secure the cord and the ribbon more completely, it is advantageous to coat the latter before sewing with an elastomer-based glue.

Le ruban ainsi confectionné est complété par une deuxième couture 18 parallèle à la première et éloignée de celle-ci d'une distance légèrement supérieure au diamètre du cordon, par exemple, 5 à 7 mm, pour un cordon de 0,5 mm (fig. 5b).The ribbon thus prepared is completed by a second seam 18 parallel to the first and distant from the latter by a distance slightly greater than the diameter of the cord, for example, 5 to 7 mm, for a cord of 0.5 mm (fig. . 5b).

Le tissu de la voile set lui-même introduit à fond entre les deux lèvres du ruban et assemblé par une troisième couture 19 (fig. 5c).The fabric of the set sail itself introduced fully between the two lips of the ribbon and assembled by a third seam 19 (fig. 5c).

L'expérience montre que l'enroulement de ce cordon de ralingue sur un mandrin cylindrique (ou plus généralement de section constante) s'effectue selon une hélice à spires jointives (fig. 6), la deuxième spire venant se loger automatiquement dans l'espace plus mince qui sépare les deux coutures 17 et 18 et qui est formé par deux épaisseurs de tissu seulement contre trois entre les coutures 18 et 19.Experience shows that the winding of this headline cord on a cylindrical mandrel (or more generally of constant section) is carried out according to a helix with contiguous turns (fig. 6), the second turn coming to be housed automatically in the thinner space which separates the two seams 17 and 18 and which is formed by two thicknesses of fabric only against three between the seams 18 and 19.

Le sens dans lequel se développe l'hélice, vers le mât ou vers l'extrémité opposée de la bôme, dépend par contre de l'angle que fait l'axe de la bôme et l'axe du tunnel de ralingue 13 au début de l'enroulement.The direction in which the propeller develops, towards the mast or towards the opposite end of the boom, on the other hand depends on the angle made by the axis of the boom and the axis of the rope rope tunnel 13 at the start of winding.

Si cet angle est légèrement inférieur à 90°, l'hélice se développe vers l'extrémité libre de la bôme. S'il est au contraire supérieur à 90°, l'hélice se développe vers le mât.If this angle is slightly less than 90 °, the propeller develops towards the free end of the boom. If, on the contrary, it is greater than 90 °, the propeller develops towards the mast.

En pratique, une balancine, frappée en bout de bôme, sera utile pour régler la valeur de cet angle légèrement en-dessous de 90°, de façon que l'hélice se développe vers l'extrémité libre de la bôme. En effet, l'hélice, en se développant dans cette direction, repousse légèrement le tissu vers l'extrémité libre de la bôme, si bien que la chute de la voile peut s'enrouler librement sans contrainte, comme représenté à la fig. 7.In practice, a swing, struck at the end of the boom, will be useful to adjust the value of this angle slightly below 90 °, so that the propeller develops towards the free end of the boom. Indeed, the propeller, developing in this direction, slightly pushes the fabric towards the free end of the boom, so that the fall of the sail can be wound freely without constraint, as shown in fig. 7.

En fin d'enroulement, si, par exemple, dix tours d'enroulement avec une ralingue de 5 mm, ont été effectués, l'hélice se sera développée sur 50 mm en s'éloignant du mât et le cordon de ralingue sortant du tunnel 12 rejoindra la dernière spire sous un angle f3 important, par exemple 20 à 30°.At the end of winding, if, for example, ten turns of winding with a 5 mm rope, have been made, the propeller will have developed over 50 mm away from the mast and the rope leading out of the tunnel 12 will join the last turn at a significant angle f3, for example 20 to 30 °.

L'enroulement terminé, la bôme 1 est alors immobilisée sur son axe par un moyen quelconque, verrou, rochet, frein, tandis qu'on rehisse la drisse pour ré-étarquer le guindant de la voile.The winding finished, the boom 1 is then immobilized on its axis by any means, bolt, ratchet, brake, while the halyard is reheated to re-tension the luff of the sail.

Pendant cette opération, la traction exercée sur le cordon de ralingue (fig. 8) tasse les spires enroulées qui se vissent en quelque sorte les une sur les autres, à l'exception de la dernière qui, sollicitée en biais selon l'angle A, par la traction de la drisse, échappe par-dessus ses voisines pour revenir s'aligner sur l'axe du tunnel de ralingue 12.During this operation, the traction exerted on the headline cord (fig. 8) coils the coiled turns which somehow screw one on top of the other, except for the last which, biased at an angle A, by pulling the halyard , escapes over its neighbors to return to line up on the axis of the line rope tunnel 12.

Ce retour de la ralingue à l'aplomb du tunnel s'accompagne évidemment d'une traction sur le tissu de la voile dans le sens de la flèche F, traction qui, s'exerçant le long de la bôme et vers le mât, a pour effet de retendre la bordure de la voile et d'aplatir sa base, c'est-à-dire de redonner à la voile partiellement roulée la forme idéale pour naviguer au près par vent fort.This return of the rope at the base of the tunnel is obviously accompanied by a traction on the fabric of the sail in the direction of arrow F, traction which, being exerted along the boom and towards the mast, has the effect of tightening the edge of the sail and flattening its base, that is to say giving the partially rolled sail the ideal shape for sailing upwind in strong winds.

Dans le cas où le moyen de liaison 13 entre le mât et le nouveau tunnel de ralingue 12 est constitué par un triangle de tissu, il peut être avantageux, pour former le tunnel 12, d'utiliser une gaine d'étai, à deux gorges opposées, couramment utilisée pour établir les focs sur l'étai d'un voilier. Le triangle textile 13 est, dans ce cas, bordé du côté de la voile par un cordon 16a identique ou analogue au cordon 16 qui constitue la ralingue de la voile (fig. 9).In the case where the connection means 13 between the mast and the new rope line tunnel 12 is constituted by a fabric triangle, it may be advantageous, to form the tunnel 12, to use a forestay sheath, with two grooves opposite, commonly used to establish jibs on the forestay of a sailboat. The textile triangle 13 is, in this case, bordered on the side of the sail by a cord 16a identical or similar to the cord 16 which constitutes the headline of the sail (FIG. 9).

Le terme "triangle" n'est par limitatif. Il correspond seulement à l'exemple choisi pour illustrer l'invention. Il est bien évident que cet élément de liaison 13 peut prendre une forme quelconque, trapèze ou rectangle sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, pourvu que la nouvelle ralingue de voile 15 aboutisse sur la bôme en dehors de l'espace AB occupé par le mécanisme.The term "triangle" is not limiting. It only corresponds to the example chosen to illustrate the invention. It is obvious that this connecting element 13 can take any shape, trapezoid or rectangle without departing from the scope of the invention, provided that the new sail rope 15 ends on the boom outside the space AB occupied by the mechanism.

Le canal central 20 de la gaine portant les deux tunnels sera avantageusement utilisé pour loger un cordage qui, assujetti au sommet du mât, supportera le poids du tunnel 12 et de l'élément de liaison 13.The central channel 20 of the sheath carrying the two tunnels will advantageously be used to house a rope which, subject to the top of the mast, will support the weight of the tunnel 12 and of the connecting element 13.

L'enrouler de voile, tel qu'il vient d'être décrit, peut fonctionner en utilisant n'importe lequel des systèmes de bôme à rouleau déjà connu.The sail-wrapping, as just described, can operate using any of the known boom boom systems.

Par exemple, la bôme 1, articulée au mât 2 par l'intermédiaire d'un cardan 3, peut être entraînée par une simple manivelle 9 attaquant en prise directe l'axe du cardan.For example, the boom 1, articulated to the mast 2 by means of a gimbal 3, can be driven by a simple crank 9 directly engaging the axis of the gimbal.

Dans une forme plus élaborée, l'entraînement est réalisé par une poulie crantée 21 fixée sur l'axe du cardan traversant le mât et entraînée par un va-et-vient de cordage avec renvoi au cockpit de façon à centraliser les manoeuvres au voisinage du poste de commandement.In a more elaborate form, the drive is carried out by a notched pulley 21 fixed on the axis of the gimbal crossing the mast and driven by a reciprocating rope with return to the cockpit so as to centralize the maneuvers in the vicinity of the command post.

Avant de réduire la surface d'une voile, il faut nécessairement étarquer au maximum sa bordure.Before reducing the area of a sail, you must necessarily stretch its edge as much as possible.

Dans le cas où la réduction de voilure s'effectue par enroulement autour de la bôme, il serait intéressant de pouvoir confier à un seul mécanisme le soin d'assurer les deux fonctions: étarquage et enroulement.In the case where the reduction of airfoil is carried out by winding around the boom, it would be advantageous to be able to entrust to a single mechanism the care of ensuring the two functions: stretching and winding.

Selon un second aspect découlant de l'invention, ce problème peut être résolu à partir du moment où la voile s'enroule sans pli sur la bôme par la présence du tunnel 12. En effet, on prévoit, selon les fig. 10 et 11 de prolonger la partie 3a de l'articulation 3 pour qu'elle tourillonne librement dans le fond 25 de la bôme 1. Au-delà du fond 25, la partie 3a se prolonge par une vis 22 entraînant en translation, selon l'axe de la bôme, un coulisseau 23 auquel est relié un câble 24 passant en bout de bôme sur une poulie de renvoi 26 pou rejoindre l'oeil de point d'écoute 8 de la voile 11.According to a second aspect arising from the invention, this problem can be resolved from the moment when the sail is wound without folds on the boom by the presence of the tunnel 12. Indeed, provision is made, according to FIGS. 10 and 11 to extend the part 3a of the articulation 3 so that it pivots freely in the bottom 25 of the boom 1. Beyond the bottom 25, the part 3a is extended by a screw 22 driving in translation, according to the boom axis, a slide 23 to which is connected a cable 24 passing at the end of the boom on a deflection pulley 26 for joining the listening point eye 8 of the sail 11.

Lorsque l'écrou 23 est dévissé complètement, la bordure est détendue au maximum. Lorsqui'il se trouve au contraire vissé complètement au contact du siège 27 de la vis 22, la bordure est étarquée au maximum.When the nut 23 is completely unscrewed, the edge is relaxed to the maximum. When, on the contrary, it is completely screwed in contact with the seat 27 of the screw 22, the edge is stretched to the maximum.

Dans cette position, si on continue à faire tourner l'axe de cardan, l'écrou-coulisseau 23 ne peut plus reculer et entraîne donc nécessairement la bôme dans son mouvement de rotation autour de l'axe, Il suffit de relâcher la drisse pour que ce mouvement se poursuive pour enrouler la voile.In this position, if we continue to rotate the gimbal axis, the slide nut 23 can no longer move back and therefore necessarily drives the boom in its rotational movement around the axis, simply release the halyard to let this movement continue to roll up the sail.

Par contre le ré-étarquage de la ralingue de grand'voile après enroulement, comme cela résulte de la fig. 8, tendra à desserrer l'écrou- coulisseau 23 qui devra être bloqué sur son siège au moyen d'un verrou facilement largable de l'extérieur.On the other hand, the re-stretching of the mainsail rope after winding, as results from FIG. 8, will tend to loosen the slide nut 23 which must be locked on its seat by means of a lock that can be easily released from the outside.

Selon l'invention, ce verrou est commandé automatiquement par l'enroulement du premier tour de tissu. Dans ce but, l'écrou 23 est entaillé radialement et axialement pour délimiter un logement 28 de section rectangulaire possédant son homologue 27a sur le palier 27. En regard de ce logement 28, une fenêtre rectangulaire 31 est ménagée dans la paroi de la bôme pour le passage d'un verrou 29 maintenu par une lame de ressort 30 de telle façon qu'en position de repos il fasse en partie au moins saillie à l'extérieur d'une dizaine de millimètres et dégage en même temps les logements 27a et 28.According to the invention, this lock is controlled automatically by the winding of the first turn of fabric. For this purpose, the nut 23 is cut radially and axially to define a housing 28 of rectangular section having its counterpart 27a on the bearing 27. Opposite this housing 28, a rectangular window 31 is formed in the wall of the boom to the passage of a latch 29 held by a spring leaf 30 so that in the rest position it partially protrudes at least outside ten millimeters and at the same time releases the housings 27a and 28 .

Lorsque la voile commence à s'enrouler, elle écrase progressivement la lame de ressort 30 qu'elle applique au passage sur la paroi extérieure de la bôme. Ceci fait pénétrer le verrou 29 dans les logements 28 et 27a et rend ledit verrou solidaire de l'écrou 27.When the sail begins to roll up, it gradually crushes the leaf spring 30 which it applies to the passage on the outer wall of the boom. This causes the lock 29 to penetrate into the housings 28 and 27a and makes said lock integral with the nut 27.

Après avoir complètement déroulé la toile, le verrou pourra éventuellement ne pas ressortir spontanément s'il est resté coincé dans son logement, mais il se libérera dès qu'on actionnera l'arbre de cardan dans le sens du déroulement dans le but précis de relâcher la tension de la bordure de la voile.After having completely unrolled the fabric, the lock may possibly not come out spontaneously if it is stuck in its housing, but it will be released as soon as the cardan shaft is actuated in the direction of unrolling for the specific purpose of releasing the tension of the edge of the sail.

Grâce à cette combinaison des logements 26a et 28, du verrou 29 et du ressort 30, le verrouillage et le déverrouillage de la bôme sur l'arbre de cardan deviennent entièrement automatiques.Thanks to this combination of the housings 26a and 28, the latch 29 and the spring 30, the locking and unlocking of the boom on the cardan shaft becomes fully automatic.

Il est bien évident que la forme et la position du logement 28, du verrou 29 et du ressort 30 peuvent être modifiées à volonté sans sortir du cadre de l'invention aussi longtemps que la fermeture et l'ouverture du système de verrouillage (verrou, clavette, rochet) sont commandées par simple enroulement ou déroulement de la voile sur la périphérie de la bôme.It is obvious that the shape and the position of the housing 28, of the lock 29 and of the spring 30 can be modified at will without departing from the scope of the invention as long as the closing and opening of the locking system (lock, key, ratchet) are com mandated by simply winding or unwinding the sail on the periphery of the boom.

Claims (9)

1. A device for setting, maintaining and rolling up a sail, of the type comprising a mast (2) which is rectilinear over its whole length, a boom (1) connected to the mast by a universal joint (3) and associated with a device (21) for driving it in rotation, and at least one bolt rope tunnel (12) for the sliding and support of said bolt rope (15) of the sail (11), characterized in that the bolt rope tunnel (12) extends from the top of the mast towards the point of the boom which is closest to said mast, but located outside the zone corresponding to the articulation of said boom on the mast.
2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that a bolt rope strand (16) is connected to the foot of the sail (11) by a track, a strip or area slightly wider than the diameter of the rope, and having a thickness which is less than the zone of assembly between said track, strip or area and the sail.
3. A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bolt rope tunnel (12) is connected to the mast by a connecting member (13) covering the surface delimited between the said mast and the bolt rope tunnel.
4. A device according to claim 3, characterized in that the connecting member (13) is constituted by a radial extension of the mast, integral therewith and extending towards the back of the boat.
5. A device according to claim 3, characterized in that the connecting member (3) consists of a part mounted by means of a bolt rope and hoisted on the mast, and carrying said bolt rope tunnel (12) for holding the sail.
6. A device according to claim 3, characterized in that the connecting member (13) consists of a part in which the edge opposite to the mast (2) is associated with a double-groove bolt rope tunnel (12), one being used for holding the sail (11) and the other one for adjustment on the connecting member (13).
7. A device according to claim 2, characterized in that the bolt rope (15) of the foot of the sail (11) is formed by a strand (16) encircled by a tape whose parallel lips are joined together by a first seam (17) flush with the tape, and in parallel by a second seam (18) offset from the first by a distance greater than the diameter of the tape, the two lips of the tape being then placed on both sides of the foot of the sail (11) which is engaged against the second seam (18) and connected to said lips by two common and parallel seams (19) assembling the three formed thicknesses.
8. A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it further comprises a system for tensioning the foot of the sail corresponding to the boom prior to rotating of the latter for rolling up and reducing of said sail.
9. A device according to claim 8, characterized in that the system further comprises a swivel (3a) formed by the joint and passing freely through the corresponding end of the boom (1), inside which it extends beyond the seating of a stop member (27), by means of a screw (22) cooperating permanently with a guided bolt (23) retaining the extremity of a rope (24), and fixed to the clew (8) of the sail, the said seating and the bolt being provided at their extremity with two recesses (27a, 28), intented, when they are aligned, for receiving a locking device (29) carried by a resilient return arm (30) and urged in flexion in the direction of engagement of the locking device in the recesses, by rolling up the sail on the boom.
EP79420055A 1978-11-07 1979-11-06 Improvement in roller reefing systems Expired EP0011582B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7832049A FR2440870A1 (en) 1978-11-07 1978-11-07 IMPROVEMENT IN LARGE SAILING WINDING SYSTEMS
FR7832049 1978-11-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0011582A1 EP0011582A1 (en) 1980-05-28
EP0011582B1 true EP0011582B1 (en) 1983-04-13

Family

ID=9214821

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79420055A Expired EP0011582B1 (en) 1978-11-07 1979-11-06 Improvement in roller reefing systems

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4324192A (en)
EP (1) EP0011582B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS562290A (en)
AU (1) AU530597B2 (en)
DE (1) DE2965219D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2440870A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2515137B1 (en) * 1981-10-23 1985-12-20 Maurin Suzanne SAILING DEVICE AND STORAGE DEVICE
EP0127659B1 (en) * 1982-11-29 1986-08-27 SPANOPOULOS, George Roller boom reefing and hoisting of a sail
US4449468A (en) * 1983-05-19 1984-05-22 Schulz Marine Systems, Inc. Adjustable roller furling spar
US4526122A (en) * 1984-03-08 1985-07-02 Kluckhuhn Fred H Load distribution and anti-sag means for luff furling sails
IT1198972B (en) * 1984-11-30 1988-12-21 Fabio Perini SYSTEM FOR MODIFYING THE PROFILE OF A WINDING SAIL FOR REDUCING THE SURFACE
IT1201331B (en) * 1985-07-23 1989-01-27 Fabio Perini SAIL EQUIPMENT WITH FAIRING, SIMPLE AND EASY TO DISASSEMBLE
US4723499A (en) * 1985-08-19 1988-02-09 Bernard Furgang Furling system for sailboats
EP0240518A1 (en) * 1985-09-25 1987-10-14 HUTTON, Paul Joseph Reefing or furling boom
DK167181B1 (en) * 1986-01-17 1993-09-13 Mogens Pedersen ROLL BOOM FOR A SAILBOAT
FR2609273A1 (en) * 1987-01-05 1988-07-08 Monti Michel Mainsail winder
FR2621882A1 (en) * 1987-10-19 1989-04-21 Maillard Michel Winder boom with axial displacement for winding the bolt rope in adjoining turns
EP0339139A1 (en) * 1988-04-25 1989-11-02 Marc Caillon Drive mechanism for furling, especially for sailreefing in the nautical field
DE9316178U1 (en) * 1993-10-22 1994-02-24 Moesnang Joerg Roller tree reefing device
US5632215A (en) * 1993-10-22 1997-05-27 Moessnang; Joerg Roller reefing boom system
NL1004933C2 (en) 1997-01-06 1998-07-08 Marcus Claudius Kickert Furling system for the mainsail of a sailing boat.
ATE546355T1 (en) * 2007-07-11 2012-03-15 Harken Italy Spa METHOD FOR ACTUATING THE SHEETS OF SAILBOATS
FR2979326B1 (en) * 2011-08-31 2013-09-27 Pescavel RIGGING FOR A CATAMARAN SAILBOAT, ESPECIALLY A FISHING CATAMARAN
US9783276B2 (en) 2015-09-10 2017-10-10 Stephen Colgan Clement Sailing furler and method

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2440870B1 (en) 1981-10-16
AU5256679A (en) 1980-05-15
EP0011582A1 (en) 1980-05-28
AU530597B2 (en) 1983-07-21
FR2440870A1 (en) 1980-06-06
US4324192A (en) 1982-04-13
JPS562290A (en) 1981-01-10
DE2965219D1 (en) 1983-05-19

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