EP3475164B1 - Sail propulsion element comprising an inflatable sail with a symmetrical profile - Google Patents

Sail propulsion element comprising an inflatable sail with a symmetrical profile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3475164B1
EP3475164B1 EP17743078.2A EP17743078A EP3475164B1 EP 3475164 B1 EP3475164 B1 EP 3475164B1 EP 17743078 A EP17743078 A EP 17743078A EP 3475164 B1 EP3475164 B1 EP 3475164B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sail
cavity
mast
inflatable
profile
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EP17743078.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3475164A1 (en
Inventor
Laurent De Kalbermatten
Edouard Kessi
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Next Technologies Sarl
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/08—Connections of sails to masts, spars, or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
    • B63H9/061—Rigid sails; Aerofoil sails
    • B63H9/0615—Inflatable aerofoil sails

Definitions

  • the present invention lies in the field of velic propulsion.
  • an inflatable boat comprising a self-supporting inflatable sail made of flexible plastic material.
  • the sail comprises a first outer shell having, when inflated, the shape of a geometric solid of substantially constant cross section.
  • FR 2 432 431 A1 describes a device for propelling, by the force of the wind, boats of all sizes or land vehicles comprising at least one wing in inflatable structure.
  • Publication No. FR 1 464 877 A describes a vehicle propelled by natural wind comprising a canopy inflated by the total pressure of the relative wind thanks to an air sock placed at the top of the mast.
  • the inflatable sails of the state of the art have several drawbacks.
  • the canopy is only inflated initially. In this configuration, it is not possible to compensate for any air leaks inside the sail.
  • the sail is passively inflated, by continuously introducing air (wind) into the sail.
  • this configuration has the drawback of not having a sufficiently inflated sail at the start, especially when the wind is weak, or even nonexistent.
  • the velic propulsion element according to the present invention overcomes the aforementioned problems.
  • It comprises an inflatable sail consisting essentially of two adjacent surfaces which are substantially sealed and interconnected around their periphery, thereby forming at least one cavity between them; the element further comprising a duct disposed between the interior and the exterior of the cavity and means for injecting air into the latter; the element characterized by the fact that the sail, once inflated, has a profile which remains permanently symmetrical, regardless of the displacement of the element, the direction or the intensity of the wind.
  • the element also comprises means for withdrawing air from the cavity, thus making it possible to regulate the pressure inside the latter.
  • These means also make it possible to empty the air which is in the cavity, prior to stowing the sail or if it is desired to reduce the surface of the sail.
  • the surfaces are rigid.
  • the air injection means (eg a turbine) operate continuously, so as to continuously inject an air flow through at least one orifice between the 2 adjacent surfaces in order to separate them from the one from the other by inflation and to put them in tension between multiple transverse connecting elements giving the airfoil once inflated its final plan shape with in its thickness the shape of a supporting aerodynamic profile.
  • the pressure managed by the air injection means can be very low, typically a few 100 Pa. It therefore requires very little energy to operate.
  • the profile thus obtained is substantially symmetrical, which allows the airfoil to operate indifferently in both directions of advance with respect to the wind.
  • the pressure generated by the air injection means can be regulated so as to always be sufficient for the airfoil to acquire and maintain its shape in plan and in thickness in no wind and / or strong and turbulent.
  • the invention also relates to a velic propulsion vehicle, eg a sailboat, comprising a base and one or more velic propulsion elements as described above.
  • a velic propulsion vehicle eg a sailboat
  • Each element of velic propulsion is associated with a mast which passes through the cavity of the element.
  • aerodynamic forces produced by the air flow around the profile are taken up along the rig, at a place located at the level of the transverse elements, not on the front of the profile, but substantially at the center of thrust. aerodynamic which is located on the axis of symmetry of the profile, substantially towards 25% of its front end, thus giving the airfoil a substantially neutral behavior at all operating speeds.
  • the sail is flexible, but it can also be rigid, as indicated above.
  • any air injection system suitable for the intended use can be used. It may, for example, be a turbine powered by a battery.
  • the mast can retract along its length (telescopic mast), which allows the vehicle to cross obstacles such as bridges or reduce the surface area in strong winds.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sailboat 1 mainly comprising a hull 3, a mast 4 and a sail 2 made up of a plurality of cells 5 interconnected by orifices (not shown), the set of cells 5 forming a single cavity 8.
  • a partial boom 12 connects the mast 4 to the sail 2. Its dimensions are small and it is not necessary for it to be rigid because, unlike the booms of the state of the art which also serve to tension the sail, its The only function is to make it easier to rotate the sail 2 around the mast 4. In fact, in the context of the present invention, it is not necessary to provide the sailboat with a boom (partial or normal).
  • the sail 2 is permanently inflated by means of a turbine 6 placed in the lower part of the sail 2.
  • a duct 11 connects the turbine with the interior of the cavity 8.
  • the figure 2 represents the sailboat of the figure 1 but with sail 2 deflated. This configuration is obtained after stopping the turbine 6. The deflation can be accentuated if the operation of the turbine is reversed to induce a vacuum inside the cavity 8.
  • the figure 3 represents a front view of the sailboat from the figure 1 .
  • the figure 4 particularly emphasizes the symmetry of the profile of the sail 2.
  • the wind is behind the hull.
  • the sail 2 is oriented so as to benefit from a pushing force.
  • Sail 2 shown on figure 7 to a reduced surface. More precisely, its lower part is deflated.
  • the length of the mast 4 can be fixed or variable. It can, for example, be reduced by means of a telescopic mast.
  • the sail in all the aforementioned positions, the sail always has a symmetrical profile. This configuration offers in particular the advantage of reducing the energy to be expended to maintain the sail in the desired orientation.
  • the pressure inside the cavity can be continuously regulated.
  • the sail By increasing it, the sail is tighter and stronger. This configuration can be very useful during strong swell movements or controlling the twist of the sail. By reducing it, the volume of the cavity and the surface of the sail can be reduced.
  • the air inlet can be located anywhere, eg through the mast when the latter passes through the cavity. In this case, the filling and emptying are carried out through the mast.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

La présente invention se situe dans le domaine de la propulsion vélique.The present invention lies in the field of velic propulsion.

Elle concerne plus précisément une voile gonflable.It relates more specifically to an inflatable sail.

Etat de la techniqueState of the art

L'utilisation d'éléments gonflables pour la propulsion vélique est connue. Voir en particulier les publications brevets suivantes : US 5 931 109 , US 5 775 249 , US 5 671 690 , EP 2 202 144 A1 et FR 3 008 382 A1 .The use of inflatable elements for boat propulsion is known. See in particular the following patent publications: US 5,931,109 , US 5,775,249 , US 5,671,690 , EP 2 202 144 A1 and FR 3 008 382 A1 .

La publication internationale N° WO 98/00333 A1 décrit une embarcation gonflable comprenant une voile autoportante gonflable en matière plastique souple. La voile comprend une première enveloppe externe ayant, à l'état gonflé, la forme d'un solide géométrique de section transversale sensiblement constante.International publication N ° WO 98/00333 A1 describes an inflatable boat comprising a self-supporting inflatable sail made of flexible plastic material. The sail comprises a first outer shell having, when inflated, the shape of a geometric solid of substantially constant cross section.

La publication N° FR 2 432 431 A1 décrit un dispositif pour la propulsion, par la force du vent, de bateaux de toutes dimensions ou de véhicules terrestres comprenant au moins une aile en structure gonflable.Publication No. FR 2 432 431 A1 describes a device for propelling, by the force of the wind, boats of all sizes or land vehicles comprising at least one wing in inflatable structure.

La publication N° FR 1 464 877 A décrit un véhicule propulsé par le vent naturel comportant une voilure gonflée par la pression totale du vent relatif grâce à une manche à air placée au sommet du mât.Publication No. FR 1 464 877 A describes a vehicle propelled by natural wind comprising a canopy inflated by the total pressure of the relative wind thanks to an air sock placed at the top of the mast.

Les voiles gonflables de l'état de la technique comportent cependant plusieurs inconvénients. Dans certains cas la voile est seulement gonflée initialement. Dans cette configuration il n'est pas possible de compenser des éventuelles fuites d'air à l'intérieur de la voile. Dans d'autres cas, la voile est gonflée passivement, par introduction d'air (vent) en permanence dans la voile. Cette configuration présente toutefois l'inconvénient de ne pas avoir au départ une voile suffisamment gonflée, surtout lorsque le vent est faible, voire inexistant.The inflatable sails of the state of the art, however, have several drawbacks. In some cases the canopy is only inflated initially. In this configuration, it is not possible to compensate for any air leaks inside the sail. In other cases, the sail is passively inflated, by continuously introducing air (wind) into the sail. However, this configuration has the drawback of not having a sufficiently inflated sail at the start, especially when the wind is weak, or even nonexistent.

Description générale de l'inventionGeneral description of the invention

L'élément de propulsion vélique selon la présente invention permet de remédier aux problèmes précités.The velic propulsion element according to the present invention overcomes the aforementioned problems.

Il comprend une voile gonflable constituée essentiellement de deux surfaces adjacentes sensiblement étanches et reliées entre elles sur leur pourtour, formant de la sorte entre elles au moins une cavité ; l'élément comprenant en outre un conduit disposé entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur de la cavité et des moyens pour injecter de l'air dans cette dernière ; l'élément se caractérisant par le fait que la voile, une fois gonflée, présente un profil qui reste en permanence symétrique, indépendamment du déplacement de l'élément, de la direction ou de l'intensité du vent.It comprises an inflatable sail consisting essentially of two adjacent surfaces which are substantially sealed and interconnected around their periphery, thereby forming at least one cavity between them; the element further comprising a duct disposed between the interior and the exterior of the cavity and means for injecting air into the latter; the element characterized by the fact that the sail, once inflated, has a profile which remains permanently symmetrical, regardless of the displacement of the element, the direction or the intensity of the wind.

Selon une variante de l'invention l'élément comprend également des moyens pour retirer de l'air de la cavité, rendant ainsi possible une régulation de la pression à l'intérieure de celle-ci. Ces moyens permettent également de vider l'air qui se trouve dans la cavité, préalablement au rangement de la voile ou si l'on souhaite diminuer la surface de la voile.According to a variant of the invention, the element also comprises means for withdrawing air from the cavity, thus making it possible to regulate the pressure inside the latter. These means also make it possible to empty the air which is in the cavity, prior to stowing the sail or if it is desired to reduce the surface of the sail.

Selon une autre variante de l'invention, les surfaces sont rigides.According to another variant of the invention, the surfaces are rigid.

Les moyens d'injection d'air (p.ex. une turbine) fonctionnent en continu, de sorte à injecter en permanence un flux d'air au travers d'au moins un orifice entre les 2 surfaces adjacentes afin de les écarter l'une de l'autre par gonflage et de les mettre en tension entre des éléments de liaison transversaux multiples conférant à la voilure une fois gonflée sa forme en plan définitive avec dans son épaisseur la forme d'un profil aérodynamique porteur. Avantageusement la pression gérée par les moyens d'injection d'air peut être très faible, typiquement de quelques 100 Pa. Elle ne nécessite donc que très peu d'énergie pour fonctionner.The air injection means (eg a turbine) operate continuously, so as to continuously inject an air flow through at least one orifice between the 2 adjacent surfaces in order to separate them from the one from the other by inflation and to put them in tension between multiple transverse connecting elements giving the airfoil once inflated its final plan shape with in its thickness the shape of a supporting aerodynamic profile. Advantageously, the pressure managed by the air injection means can be very low, typically a few 100 Pa. It therefore requires very little energy to operate.

Le profil ainsi obtenu est sensiblement symétrique, ce qui permet à la voilure d'opérer indifféremment dans les deux sens d'avancement par rapport au vent. La pression générée par les moyens d'injection d'air peut être régulée de façon à être toujours suffisante pour que la voilure acquiert et maintienne sa forme en plan et en épaisseur par vent nul et ou forts et turbulents.The profile thus obtained is substantially symmetrical, which allows the airfoil to operate indifferently in both directions of advance with respect to the wind. The pressure generated by the air injection means can be regulated so as to always be sufficient for the airfoil to acquire and maintain its shape in plan and in thickness in no wind and / or strong and turbulent.

L'invention concerne également un véhicule à propulsion vélique, p.ex. un voilier, comportant une base et un ou plusieurs éléments de propulsion vélique tels que décrits précédemment. A chaque élément de propulsion vélique est associé un mât qui traverse la cavité de l'élément. Dans cette configuration les forces aérodynamiques produites par l'écoulement de l'air autour du profil sont reprises le long du gréement, à un endroit situé au niveau des éléments transversaux, non pas sur l'avant du profil, mais sensiblement au centre de poussée aérodynamique qui est situé sur l'axe de symétrie du profil, sensiblement vers 25 % de son extrémité avant, conférant ainsi à la voilure un comportement sensiblement neutre à toutes les allures de fonctionnement.The invention also relates to a velic propulsion vehicle, eg a sailboat, comprising a base and one or more velic propulsion elements as described above. Each element of velic propulsion is associated with a mast which passes through the cavity of the element. In this configuration, the aerodynamic forces produced by the air flow around the profile are taken up along the rig, at a place located at the level of the transverse elements, not on the front of the profile, but substantially at the center of thrust. aerodynamic which is located on the axis of symmetry of the profile, substantially towards 25% of its front end, thus giving the airfoil a substantially neutral behavior at all operating speeds.

De préférence la voile est souple, mais elle peut également être rigide, comme indiqué précédemment.Preferably the sail is flexible, but it can also be rigid, as indicated above.

N'importe quel système d'injection d'air adapté à l'usage recherché peut être utilisé. Il peut p.ex. s'agir d'une turbine alimentée par une batterie. Avantageusement le mât peut se rétracter selon sa longueur (mât télescopique), ce qui permet au véhicule de franchir des obstacles tels que ponts ou réduire la surface vélique par vent fort.Any air injection system suitable for the intended use can be used. It may, for example, be a turbine powered by a battery. Advantageously, the mast can retract along its length (telescopic mast), which allows the vehicle to cross obstacles such as bridges or reduce the surface area in strong winds.

Description détaillée de l'inventionDetailed description of the invention

L'invention est décrite de manière plus détaillée dans ce chapitre, notamment au moyen d'exemples et de figures qui sont brièvement résumées comme suit :

  • La Figure 1 représente un élément de propulsion vélique selon l'invention, en position de fonctionnement.
  • La Figure 2 représente l'élément de la figure 1, mais en position de repos.
  • La Figure 3 représente une vue de face de l'élément de la figure 1.
  • La Figure 4 représente une vue de dessus de l'élément de la figure 1.
  • Les Figures 5A à 5D montrent différentes situations de fonctionnement par rapport à la direction du vent.
  • La Figure 6 illustre une répartition des forces résultantes qui agissent sur la voile pour une incidence du vent donnée qui correspond à la position de la figure 5B
  • Figure 7 représente un élément de propulsion vélique selon l'invention, avec une surface réduite.
The invention is described in more detail in this chapter, in particular by means of examples and figures which are briefly summarized as follows:
  • The Figure 1 represents a velic propulsion element according to the invention, in the operating position.
  • The Figure 2 represents the element of figure 1 , but in the rest position.
  • The Figure 3 represents a front view of the element of the figure 1 .
  • The Figure 4 represents a top view of the element of the figure 1 .
  • The Figures 5A to 5D show different operating situations with respect to the wind direction.
  • The Figure 6 illustrates a distribution of the resulting forces acting on the sail for a given wind incidence which corresponds to the position of the figure 5B
  • Figure 7 represents a velic propulsion element according to the invention, with a reduced surface.

Les références numériques suivantes sont utilisées dans les figures :

1.
Voilier
2.
Voile
3.
Coque
4.
Mât
5.
Cellule
6.
Turbine
7.
Axe de symétrie du profil
8.
Cavité
9.
1ere surface
10.2e
surface
11.
Conduit
12.
Bôme
The following reference numbers are used in the figures:
1.
Sailing ship
2.
Sail
3.
Shell
4.
Mast
5.
Cell
6.
Turbine
7.
Profile axis of symmetry
8.
Cavity
9.
1st surface
10.2e
area
11.
Led
12.
Boom

L'exemple de la figure 1 représente un voilier 1 comprenant principalement une coque 3, un mât 4 et une voile 2 constituée d'une pluralité de cellules 5 reliées entre elles par des orifices (non-illustré), l'ensemble des cellules 5 formant une cavité unique 8. Une bôme partielle 12 relie le mât 4 à la voile 2. Ses dimensions sont faibles et il n'est pas nécessaire qu'elle soit rigide car contrairement aux bômes de l'état de la technique qui servent également à mettre la voile en tension, sa seule fonction est de rendre plus aisée la rotation de la voile 2 autour du mât 4. En fait, dans le cadre la présente invention, il n'est pas nécessaire de doter le voilier d'une bôme (partielle ou normale).The example of figure 1 shows a sailboat 1 mainly comprising a hull 3, a mast 4 and a sail 2 made up of a plurality of cells 5 interconnected by orifices (not shown), the set of cells 5 forming a single cavity 8. A partial boom 12 connects the mast 4 to the sail 2. Its dimensions are small and it is not necessary for it to be rigid because, unlike the booms of the state of the art which also serve to tension the sail, its The only function is to make it easier to rotate the sail 2 around the mast 4. In fact, in the context of the present invention, it is not necessary to provide the sailboat with a boom (partial or normal).

La voile 2 est gonflée en permanence au moyen d'une turbine 6 disposée dans la partie inférieure de la voile 2. Un conduit 11 relie la turbine avec l'intérieur de la cavité 8.The sail 2 is permanently inflated by means of a turbine 6 placed in the lower part of the sail 2. A duct 11 connects the turbine with the interior of the cavity 8.

La figure 2 représente le voilier de la figure 1 mais avec la voile 2 dégonflée. Cette configuration est obtenue consécutivement à l'arrêt de la turbine 6. Le dégonflement peut être accentué si le fonctionnement de la turbine est inversé pour induire un vide à l'intérieur de la cavité 8.The figure 2 represents the sailboat of the figure 1 but with sail 2 deflated. This configuration is obtained after stopping the turbine 6. The deflation can be accentuated if the operation of the turbine is reversed to induce a vacuum inside the cavity 8.

La figure 3 représente une vue de face du voilier de la figure 1.The figure 3 represents a front view of the sailboat from the figure 1 .

Il convient de relever que sur les figures 1 à 3 , les surfaces 9,10 formant la voile sont transparentes, de manière à visualiser le mât 4.It should be noted that on figures 1 to 3 , the surfaces 9,10 forming the sail are transparent, so as to visualize the mast 4.

La figure 4 fait particulièrement bien ressortir la symétrie du profil de la voile 2.The figure 4 particularly emphasizes the symmetry of the profile of the sail 2.

Sur la figure 5 la direction du vent est représentée par une flèche.On the figure 5 the wind direction is represented by an arrow.

Sur la figure 5A le vent est de face, par rapport à la coque et à la voile ,le bateau est arrêté.On the figure 5A the wind is head-on, in relation to the hull and the sail, the boat is stopped.

Sur la figure 5B le vent de côté (par rapport à la coque, et légèrement de côté par rapport à la voile). Dans cette configuration il a pour conséquence d'induire une forte poussée vers l'avant, comme indiqué sur la figure 6.On the figure 5B the side wind (in relation to the hull, and slightly to the side in relation to the sail). In this configuration, it has the consequence of inducing a strong forward thrust, as indicated on the figure 6 .

Sur la figure 5C le vent est légèrement de côté, ce qui induit une remontée à allure de prés.On the figure 5C the wind is slightly to the side, which induces an ascent at a meadows pace.

Sur la figure 5D le vent est arrière par rapport à la coque. La voile 2 est orientée de manière à bénéficier d'une force de poussée.On the figure 5D the wind is behind the hull. The sail 2 is oriented so as to benefit from a pushing force.

La voile 2 illustrée sur la figure 7 à une surface réduite. Plus précisément, sa partie inférieure est dégonflée. La longueur du mât 4 peut être fixe ou variable. Elle peut p.ex. être réduite au moyen d'un mât télescopique.Sail 2 shown on figure 7 to a reduced surface. More precisely, its lower part is deflated. The length of the mast 4 can be fixed or variable. It can, for example, be reduced by means of a telescopic mast.

Il convient de relever que dans toutes les positions précitées, la voile présente toujours un profil symétrique. Cette configuration offre notamment l'avantage de réduire l'énergie à dépenser pour maintenir la voile selon l'orientation souhaitée.It should be noted that in all the aforementioned positions, the sail always has a symmetrical profile. This configuration offers in particular the advantage of reducing the energy to be expended to maintain the sail in the desired orientation.

La pression à l'intérieur de la cavité peut être régulée en permanence.The pressure inside the cavity can be continuously regulated.

En l'augmentant, la voile est plus tendue et solide. Cette configuration peut être très utile lors de forts mouvement de houle ou de contrôle du twist de la voile. En la diminuant, le volume de la cavité et la surface de la voile peuvent être réduits.By increasing it, the sail is tighter and stronger. This configuration can be very useful during strong swell movements or controlling the twist of the sail. By reducing it, the volume of the cavity and the surface of the sail can be reduced.

La présente invention ne se limite bien évidemment pas aux exemples précités mais couvre toute variante comprise dans l'objet des revendications. Ainsi, l'entrée d'air peut être localisée en n'importe quel endroit, p.ex. à travers le mât lorsque ce dernier traverse la cavité. Dans ce cas de figure, le remplissage et le vidange sont réalisés à travers le mât.The present invention is obviously not limited to the aforementioned examples but covers any variant included in the subject of the claims. Thus, the air inlet can be located anywhere, eg through the mast when the latter passes through the cavity. In this case, the filling and emptying are carried out through the mast.

Claims (5)

  1. Sail propulsion element comprising an inflatable sail (2) composed essentially of two adjacent surfaces (9, 10) that are substantially airtight and linked to one another on their perimeter, thus forming between them at least one closed cavity (8); the element further comprising a duct (11) disposed between the inside and the outside of the cavity (8) and means (6) for injecting air permanently into the cavity (8);
    such that the sail (2), once inflated, has a profile which remains permanently symmetrical, independently of the movement of the element, of the direction or of the strength of the wind.
  2. Element according to Claim 1, comprising means for removing air from the cavity (8).
  3. Element according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein said adjacent surfaces (9, 10) are rigid.
  4. Sail propulsion vehicle (1) comprising an element according to any one of the preceding claims, a base (3) and a mast (4) secured to said base (3), characterized in that the mast (4) is disposed inside the cavity (4).
  5. Sail propulsion vehicle (1) according to Claim 4, wherein the mast (4) is situated on the axis of symmetry of the profile (7) at approximately 25% from its front end.
EP17743078.2A 2016-06-22 2017-06-16 Sail propulsion element comprising an inflatable sail with a symmetrical profile Active EP3475164B1 (en)

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IB2016053713 2016-06-22
PCT/IB2017/053588 WO2017221117A1 (en) 2016-06-22 2017-06-16 Sail propulsion element comprising an inflatable sail with a symmetrical profile

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FR3123308A1 (en) 2021-05-28 2022-12-02 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Sail Propulsion Element, Sail Propulsion Vehicle
FR3123307A1 (en) 2021-05-28 2022-12-02 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Wind-powered vehicle
FR3123310A1 (en) 2021-05-28 2022-12-02 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Sail Propulsion Element, Sail Propelled Vehicle
FR3123309A1 (en) 2021-05-28 2022-12-02 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Sail Propulsion Element, Sail Propelled Vehicle
FR3136446A1 (en) 2022-06-14 2023-12-15 Hugues De Turckheim Container ship equipped with a transshipment system
BE1031105B1 (en) 2022-12-05 2024-07-01 Antoine Rubbers Rigid inflatable sail

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US5775249A (en) 1996-04-08 1998-07-07 Samuel; David B. Adjustable camber inflatable sail
ITVI960109A1 (en) * 1996-07-01 1998-01-01 Francesco Miotto PNEUMATIC VESSEL FOR SPORT AND LEISURE.
US5931109A (en) 1997-06-17 1999-08-03 Altosail Limited Sail
ITTO20040102A1 (en) * 2004-02-20 2004-05-20 Navis S R L PERFECTED SAILING SYSTEM
ES2311399B1 (en) 2007-04-27 2009-12-04 Ignacio Bermudez Sanchez RIGID CANDLE OF CONFIGURABLE PROFILE.
FR3008381A1 (en) 2013-07-12 2015-01-16 Jean Luc Hauser INFLATABLE AERODYNAMIC PROFILE FOR ANY VEHICLE DEVICE OR VELIC PROPULSION

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DK3475164T3 (en) 2021-08-30
WO2017221117A1 (en) 2017-12-28
ES2885864T3 (en) 2021-12-15
EP3475164A1 (en) 2019-05-01

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