EP3235719B1 - Lift generator device, corresponding wind-powered propeller, and corresponding propulsion installation. - Google Patents

Lift generator device, corresponding wind-powered propeller, and corresponding propulsion installation. Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3235719B1
EP3235719B1 EP17165662.2A EP17165662A EP3235719B1 EP 3235719 B1 EP3235719 B1 EP 3235719B1 EP 17165662 A EP17165662 A EP 17165662A EP 3235719 B1 EP3235719 B1 EP 3235719B1
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Prior art keywords
opening
boat
walls
chamber
wall
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EP17165662.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3235719A1 (en
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Philippe Pallu De La Barriere
Jérôme VEDRENNE
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Centre De Recherche Pour L'architecture Et Les Industries Nautiques
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Centre De Recherche Pour L'architecture Et Les Industries Nautiques
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
    • B63H9/061—Rigid sails; Aerofoil sails

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to thrusters for placement in a moving fluid to provide lift.
  • the document DE 9004412 U1 discloses a lift generating device comprising a hollow body having two walls intrados and extrados with a line of camber.
  • the hollow body is substantially symmetrical about a plane of symmetry which is perpendicular to the line of rope joining the connecting edges between the intrados and extrados walls, and which cuts said rope substantially in its middle.
  • the document FR2847009 discloses a wind propulsion unit which comprises an elongate hollow body, suction zones provided along the peripheral wall of the hollow body and associated suction means.
  • the suction at the peripheral wall of the thruster limits the detachment of the flow relative to the wall of the propellant.
  • the wind propulsion proposed in the French patent application filed under the number FR15 00931 remains complex. Indeed, in order to be able to produce a lift force directed to one side or the other of the boat, the wind thruster uses a complex system of movable flap and movable suction chamber, so as to be able to modify the shape of the Wind thruster and change suction area depending on which side the fluid comes from. This complex system is expensive and requires maintenance.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a new wind thruster and / or a new lift-generating device from which said thruster is formed, making it possible to overcome all or some of the problems described above.
  • the line of curvature (“mean line” in English) is defined as being the curve joining the leading edge to the trailing edge which is equidistant from the extrados and the intrados.
  • the leading edge and the trailing edge correspond to the edges farthest from the plane of symmetry, or to the lateral extremities of greater curvature.
  • the arrow of the line of camber is also called camber.
  • the arrow of the camber line is defined by the distance between the top (S) of the camber line (LCBR1) (as shown in the example of Figures 5 and 6 ), and the line (LC1) which connects the ends of the line of camber. This line corresponds here to the rope.
  • the curvature of the extrados wall is greater than that of the intrados wall.
  • the arrow of the camber line is at least 20% of the length of the rope and perhaps for example of the order of 50% of the length of the rope.
  • said upper and lower walls are respectively convex and concave.
  • the convexity of the extrados wall is defined by reference to a person located outside the body and looking directly at said extrados wall.
  • the concavity of the intrados wall is defined by reference to a person located outside the body and looking directly at said intrados wall.
  • the openings are formed on the wall of greater camber (extrados wall), but additional openings could also be made on the wall of less strong arch (intrados)
  • the flow around the profile and the lift are substantially identical depending on whether one or the other of the connecting edges is used as a leading edge or edge leak.
  • Such a design of the device according to the invention makes it possible to invert the trailing edge and leading edge functions of the opposite connecting edges of the hollow body, without this altering the aerodynamic performance of the device.
  • the device thus makes it possible to be exempt from a complex mechanical system that makes it possible to reverse the camber.
  • such a configuration of the two apertures and the boundary layer detachment limitation system selectively suck and / or blow selectively at the apertures, thereby creating substantially the same delamination limiting effect as one or the other of the connecting edges is the leading edge.
  • the thruster comprises a body extending along an axis and having in cross section a generally arched shape whose opposite ends are tapered.
  • said openings forming suction and / or blowing zones are arranged symmetrically with respect to said plane of symmetry.
  • the distribution of the openings on either side of the plane of symmetry allows suction on one side or the other of the body depending on whether the flow of fluid is incident on one side or the other of the axis of symmetry, in order to obtain the desired thrust and limit the detachment of the fluid relative to the wall of the thruster.
  • the device is intended to be placed in a moving fluid (or conversely) of direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the hollow body.
  • Such a profile of the body of the device allows compared to the known devices of the state of the art can be presented to the fluid, indifferently, one or the other of its ends which then acts as a leading edge, while that the other end of the profile of the body forms trailing edge, while obtaining a significant lift force.
  • the device has the advantage of being able, by simple rotation about the longitudinal axis of the body, to be oriented relative to the incident fluid to produce a transverse force with respect to the direction of said fluid. Said lift force can then be oriented on one side or the other of the direction of the fluid, without it being necessary to modify the aerodynamic shape of the device by actuating moving parts, such as a flap like that. is the case of certain devices known from the state of the art.
  • such a design of the device makes it possible to create a force transverse to the direction of the wind that the moving object receives, for example a boat, and oriented in one direction. which depends on the side by which said moving object takes the wind.
  • a transverse bulkhead preferably perpendicular to the string line, and substantially parallel to the body axis. It is then possible to set up a suction and / or blowing means for each compartment.
  • said wall is positioned equidistant from both ends of the profile.
  • the intrados and extrados walls being connected to one another, the connecting edges between said walls are rounded to form a leading edge and a trailing edge in the direction of the fluid. moving.
  • said boundary layer detachment limiting system comprises at least a portion located outside the body and connected to the openings by conduits.
  • said body having a separation wall which separates the interior of the body so as to delimit said first and second chambers, said separation wall extends substantially transversely, preferably orthogonally, to said line. of rope.
  • said boundary layer detachment limiting system being configured to suck air selectively through the first or second chamber, respectively, by the first or second opening, said limiting boundary layer delamination comprises a discharge outlet oriented in a direction tangential to the extrados wall, and preferably orthogonal to the axis of the hollow body, to the connecting edge located downstream of the direction of the moving fluid in which the device is placed.
  • said device comprises profiled elements extending parallel to the axis of the body of the device and positioned in a fixed manner near the wall of the body of the device.
  • These shaped members are configured to improve flow by reducing peeling at the ends of the profile.
  • the boundary layer delamination limitation system comprises at least one centrifugal fan, preferably a centrifugal fan for each opening.
  • the fan can operate in suction or blowing.
  • the invention also relates to an installation comprising a device as described above, characterized in that the installation comprises means for orienting the device for moving the device from a first position to a second distinct position by pivoting. the device about an axis parallel, preferably coincidental, with the axis of said body of the device.
  • the orientation means are configured to be able to rotate the device in an angular range of [- 90 °; + 90 °] in relation to the horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the boat.
  • the orientation means can be configured to be able to rotate the device in an angular range such that the angle that the mediator of the rope of the profile with the longitudinal axis of the boat can vary from -90 ° to + 90 °.
  • the invention also relates to a preferably Aeolian thruster comprising several devices as described above, characterized in that said devices are superimposed. The superimposed devices thus form the different stages of the wind thruster.
  • the suction and / or blowing means of the different stages are distinct from each other so that they are capable of sucking and / or blowing on one stage without sucking and / or blowing on the others.
  • the separation of the suction and / or blowing zones along the thruster makes it possible to homogenize the suction along the body of the thruster.
  • the invention also relates to a boat which comprises an installation as described above, characterized in that said installation is mounted on the deck or a superstructure of said boat.
  • a wind propeller mounted on the deck of a boat (or ship) achieves a greater aerodynamic thrust per unit area than a rigid sail or wing, while occupying limited space on the deck of the ship.
  • the thruster can thus be oriented according to the direction of the wind to obtain a suitable thrust.
  • said boat comprises a system for articulating the device relative to the base, said articulation system being configured to allow the device to be moved between an erected position, in which, in the fixed state from the base to the deck of the boat, it extends perpendicular to the deck of the boat, and a tilted position, in which, in the state fixed from the base to the deck of the boat, the device extends substantially parallel to the deck of the boat.
  • the invention relates to a lift generator device, also called a propulsion device, and a corresponding preferably aeolian propellant intended to be placed in a fluid flow in motion to produce lift.
  • the thruster comprises a single lift generating device or a plurality of superposed lift generating devices as illustrated in FIG. figure 4 .
  • the lift force can be used to propel a moving body such as a boat.
  • the thruster is of the aeolian type and is mounted on a boat so that the flow of air flows around said wind thruster to generate a propulsive force.
  • the wind propulsion unit comprises several propulsion devices that are superimposed.
  • the wind propulsion unit comprises a propulsion device 102 high, an intermediate propulsion device 101 and a propulsion device 100 low.
  • the longitudinal axis A1 of the thruster is substantially vertical.
  • Each propulsion device also called module, comprises an elongate hollow body.
  • the hollow body comprises a peripheral wall whose profile, corresponding to a section of the hollow body in a plane transverse to the longitudinal axis A1 of said hollow body, has a plane of symmetry P1.
  • the body has a plane of symmetry perpendicular to the line of rope LC1 which joins the two ends 111, 112 of the profile and cut it in the middle.
  • the plane of symmetry P1 passes through said axis A1.
  • the thruster comprises a plurality of superimposed devices as illustrated at figure 4 these devices are of identical design or similar to each other so that they are called modules thereafter.
  • the characteristics described below for the modules also apply to a single lift-generating device in the case where the wind propulsion unit comprises a single device generating a lift.
  • the modules are superimposed along their longitudinal axis so that the longitudinal axis of the thruster is parallel or coincident with the longitudinal axis of each module.
  • the longitudinal axis of the thruster corresponds to the axis in which the modules are superimposed.
  • the modules are superimposed coaxially.
  • the longitudinal axis of the thruster corresponds to the longitudinal axis of each module.
  • each module has two opposite walls 11, 12, respectively called intrados and extrados.
  • the extrados and intrados walls are assembled to one another.
  • the wall 12 is oriented on the front side of the propelled object and the wall 11 is oriented on the rear side of said propelled object.
  • Said extrados and intrados walls are shaped so that the body has in cross section a camber line whose arrow is at least equal to 20% of the length of the rope joining the connecting edges between said intrados and extrados walls.
  • said upper and lower walls are respectively concave (hollow) and convex (curved) with reference to a person located outside the thruster which directly looks at these walls.
  • the curvature of the extrados wall is greater than that of the intrados wall.
  • the most curved wall (arched) has the function of extrados and the wall the least curved (arched) the function of intrados.
  • the two walls meet at both ends 111, 112 of the profile.
  • the line of curvature LCBR1 is schematized on the Figures 5 and 6 .
  • the intrados 11 and extrados 12 walls are connected to each other.
  • the connecting edges 111, 112 corresponding between said walls are rounded to form a leading edge and a trailing edge in the direction of the fluid in motion.
  • the connecting edges 111, 112 are profiled to act as leading edge or trailing edge in the direction V.
  • the leading edge is the edge that receives the fluid and the trailing edge is the edge where the fluid leaves the body.
  • the two ends 111, 112 of the profile have the same tapered shape which allows, in the direction V of the fluid relative to the profile, that one or other of the ends act as trailing edge ensuring the function separation of the fluid flows between the intrados wall and the extrados wall.
  • the opposite end of the profile then acts as a leading edge with respect to the fluid.
  • Said upper wall 12 has, on one side of the plane of symmetry P1, an opening 121 adapted to communicate with a first chamber 21 of said body and, on the other side of the plane of symmetry P1, an opening 122 communicating with a second chamber 22 of said body.
  • the two openings 121, 122 are provided with grids formed in the wall 12 of each module.
  • said body has a separation wall 13 which separates the interior of the body so as to delimit said first and second chambers 21, 22.
  • Said partition wall 13 extends substantially transversely, preferably orthogonally , in the middle plane of each of the walls 11, 12 intrados and extrados.
  • Said partition wall 13 may be formed by a watertight partition extending parallel to the plane P1, that is to say transversely to the line of rope joining the ends of the body.
  • Said chambers can be put in depression or overpressure independently of one another so that one or other of the openings can be sucked or blown selectively.
  • the thruster comprises a system 3 for limiting boundary layer separation.
  • said boundary layer detachment limiting system 3 is configured to suck air selectively through first or second chamber 21, 22, respectively, by the first or second opening 121, 122 Advantageously and as illustrated in the figure 5 or at figure 6 , it is planned to suck by the fan further downstream of the wind direction V.
  • the system makes it possible to draw the fluid at the surface of the body on the extrados side of the profile in order to limit the separation of the boundary layer of flow with respect to said body wall.
  • said boundary layer separation limitation system 3 can be configured to blow air selectively from the first or second chamber 21, 22, through the first or second opening 121, 122, tangentially to said extrados wall 12.
  • the blowing is performed towards the connecting edge 111 or 112 which is the most downstream of the wind direction V.
  • said boundary layer detachment limiting system 3 comprises first and second suction systems 31, 32.
  • each chamber 121, 122 is provided with its own system 31, 32 suction.
  • Each suction system 31, 32 preferably comprises a centrifugal fan with a vertical axis. The axis of rotation of the fan is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hollow body.
  • each suction system 31, 32 is oriented in a direction tangential to the extrados wall and to the end of the profile closest to said suction system.
  • each floor formed by a module includes its own rooms that do not communicate with the rooms of other modules.
  • said thruster also comprises a control unit configured to control the systems 31, 32 for suction and / or blowing depending on the direction and wind speed. It can be provided that the thruster is equipped with wind data detection means, in particular its direction and its speed, said detection means then being configured to communicate these data to the control unit.
  • the control unit comprises electronic processing means and / or computer which include for example a microcontroller or a microprocessor.
  • control unit When it is specified that the control unit is configured to perform a given operation, it means that the corresponding electronic processing means and / or computer comprises computer instructions and corresponding means of execution that make it possible to perform said operation.
  • control unit is also configured to control said systems 31, 32 for suction and / or blowing each of the modules 100, 101, 102, for example as a function of data relating to the incident air flow V on the thruster 1.
  • the wind propulsion unit is equipped with a support base of said thruster which is fixable on the deck of a boat 9.
  • the figures 1 and 2 illustrate two different positions of the booster mounted on the deck of a boat 9.
  • Said installation thus comprises means for orientation or pivoting drive means (not shown) of the thruster about an axis of rotation parallel to its longitudinal axis A1.
  • the thruster can thus be oriented according to the direction of the wind to vary the direction of the thrust force according to the direction of the wind.
  • said orientation means enable the device to be oriented on a given angular sector at least so that the line of rope LC1 can form with the direction of the wind V a given angle, preferably approximately 25 °, and that the intrados wall 11 (the least arched) is oriented towards the left (port) of the propelled object when the direction of the wind V comes from the right (starboard) and vice versa.
  • the device is positioned so as to orient the intrados wall towards the port side and the rear of the boat, and to form an ALPHA angle, preferably the order of 25 ° between the line of rope LC1 and the wind direction V. This gives a lift force F directed forward and the starboard side of the boat.
  • the device is positioned so as to orient the intrados wall towards the starboard side and the rear of the boat and to form an ALPHA angle, preferably order of -25 ° between the line of rope LC1 and the direction of the wind V. This gives a force F of lift directed forward and the port side of the boat.
  • the underside is oriented towards the rear of the powered mobile.
  • the or each device is equipped with profiled elements extending parallel to the axis A1 of the body of the device and positioned in a fixed manner near the body of the device. These elements are used to deflect flow to limit delamination. They can be installed to the leading edge and the trailing edge of the device.
  • the thruster is also equipped with a propellant articulation system relative to said base.
  • the articulation system makes it possible to move the thruster between a position erected perpendicular to the base, that is to say substantially vertical, and a position substantially parallel to the base, that is to say substantially horizontal, along from the deck of the boat.
  • the system thus makes it possible to tilt the thruster on the deck in the case where the wind is too strong compared to the windward grip of the thruster and with respect to the stability of the boat. It is also possible to switch the thruster in the case where it is desired to reduce windholding in case of non-use, or to facilitate operations on the deck of the ship, such as loading or unloading, when it proves necessary.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Description

DOMAINE DE L'INVENTIONFIELD OF THE INVENTION

La présente invention concerne de manière générale les propulseurs destinés à être placés dans un fluide en mouvement pour produire une portance.The present invention generally relates to thrusters for placement in a moving fluid to provide lift.

ART ANTERIEURPRIOR ART

La réglementation impose aux constructeurs de gros navires marchands de réduire leurs émissions de CO2 de 30% d'ici 2025. De ce fait, des alternatives partielles à la motorisation diesel de ces bateaux sont recherchées, en particulier du côté des propulseurs éoliens.The regulation requires manufacturers of large merchant ships to reduce their CO2 emissions by 30% by 2025. As a result, partial alternatives to the diesel engines of these vessels are sought after, particularly on the side of wind engines.

Le document DE 9004412 U1 divulgue un dispositif générateur de portance comprenant un corps creux présentant deux parois intrados et extrados avec une ligne de cambrure. Le corps creux est sensiblement symétrique selon un plan de symétrie qui est perpendiculaire à la ligne de corde joignant les bords de liaison entre les parois intrados et extrados, et qui coupe ladite corde sensiblement en son milieu.The document DE 9004412 U1 discloses a lift generating device comprising a hollow body having two walls intrados and extrados with a line of camber. The hollow body is substantially symmetrical about a plane of symmetry which is perpendicular to the line of rope joining the connecting edges between the intrados and extrados walls, and which cuts said rope substantially in its middle.

Le document FR2847009 décrit un propulseur éolien qui comprend un corps creux allongé, des zones d'aspiration ménagées le long de la paroi périphérique du corps creux et des moyens d'aspiration associés. L'aspiration au niveau de la paroi périphérique du propulseur permet de limiter le décollement de l'écoulement par rapport à la paroi du propulseur.The document FR2847009 discloses a wind propulsion unit which comprises an elongate hollow body, suction zones provided along the peripheral wall of the hollow body and associated suction means. The suction at the peripheral wall of the thruster limits the detachment of the flow relative to the wall of the propellant.

Cependant, on constate qu'avec un tel propulseur éolien connu de l'état de la technique, l'énergie nécessaire à l'aspiration est importante par rapport à l'énergie de propulsion qui est restituée par le propulseur.However, it is noted that with such a wind thruster known from the state of the art, the energy required for suction is important compared to the propulsion energy that is restored by the propellant.

La demande de brevet français déposée sous le numéro FR1500931 , et non encore publiée, propose un propulseur éolien dont le rendement est amélioré par comparaison avec celui proposé dans le document FR2847009 .The French patent application filed under the number FR1500931 , and not yet published, proposes a wind thruster whose performance is improved compared to that proposed in the document FR2847009 .

Néanmoins, le propulseur éolien proposé dans la demande de brevet français déposée sous le numéro FR15 00931 reste complexe. En effet, afin de pouvoir produire une force de portance dirigée d'un côté ou de l'autre du bateau, le propulseur éolien utilise un système complexe de volet mobile et de chambre d'aspiration mobile, de façon à pouvoir modifier la forme du propulseur éolien et changer de zone d'aspiration selon le côté d'ou vient le fluide. Ce système complexe est coûteux et nécessite de la maintenance.Nevertheless, the wind propulsion proposed in the French patent application filed under the number FR15 00931 remains complex. Indeed, in order to be able to produce a lift force directed to one side or the other of the boat, the wind thruster uses a complex system of movable flap and movable suction chamber, so as to be able to modify the shape of the Wind thruster and change suction area depending on which side the fluid comes from. This complex system is expensive and requires maintenance.

La présente invention a pour but de proposer un nouveau propulseur éolien et/ou un nouveau dispositif générateur de portance à partir duquel est formé ledit propulseur, permettant de palier à tout ou partie des problèmes exposés ci-dessus.The object of the present invention is to propose a new wind thruster and / or a new lift-generating device from which said thruster is formed, making it possible to overcome all or some of the problems described above.

RESUME DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un dispositif, appelé dispositif générateur de portance, destiné à être placé dans un fluide en mouvement, tel que l'air, afin de produire une force de portance,
le dispositif comprenant un corps creux allongé selon un axe, ledit corps présentant deux parois opposées, dites respectivement intrados et extrados,
lesdites parois extrados et intrados étant conformées de sorte que le corps présente en section transversale une ligne de cambrure dont la flèche est au moins égale à 20% de la longueur de la corde joignant les bords de liaison entre lesdites parois intrados et extrados,
la paroi extrados présentant une ouverture apte à communiquer avec une première chambre située à l'intérieur dudit corps et une ouverture communiquant avec une deuxième chambre située à l'intérieur dudit corps, le dispositif comprenant un système de limitation de décollement de couche limite:

  • configuré pour aspirer de l'air sélectivement à travers la première ou la deuxième chambre, par, respectivement, la première ou la deuxième ouverture, et/ou
  • configuré pour souffler de l'air sélectivement depuis la première ou la deuxième chambre à travers la première ou la deuxième ouverture, tangentiellement à ladite paroi extrados en direction d'un bord de liaison entre les parois intrados et extrados,
caractérisé en ce que le corps creux est sensiblement symétrique selon un plan de symétrie qui est perpendiculaire à la ligne de corde joignant les bords de liaison entre lesdites parois intrados et extrados, et qui coupe ladite corde sensiblement en son milieu,
et en ce que les deux ouvertures sont positionnées sensiblement symétriquement par rapport audit plan de symétrie.For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a device, called a lift generator device, intended to be placed in a moving fluid, such as air, in order to produce a lift force,
the device comprising a hollow body elongate along an axis, said body having two opposite walls, called respectively intrados and extrados,
said extrados and intrados walls being shaped so that the body has in cross section a camber line whose deflection is at least equal to 20% of the length of the rope joining the connecting edges between said intrados and extrados walls,
the extrados wall having an opening adapted to communicate with a first chamber located inside said body and an opening communicating with a second chamber located inside said body, the device comprising a boundary layer separation limitation system:
  • configured to suck air selectively through the first or second chamber, respectively, by the first or second opening, and / or
  • configured to blow air selectively from the first or second chamber through the first or second opening, tangentially to said extrados wall toward a connecting edge between the intrados and extrados walls,
characterized in that the hollow body is substantially symmetrical about a plane of symmetry which is perpendicular to the line of rope joining the connecting edges between said intrados and extrados walls, and which cuts said rope substantially in its middle,
and in that the two openings are positioned substantially symmetrically with respect to said plane of symmetry.

La ligne de cambrure (« mean line » en anglais) est définie comme étant la courbe joignant le bord d'attaque au bord de fuite qui est équidistante de l'extrados et de l'intrados. Le bord d'attaque et le bord de fuite correspondent aux bords les plus éloignés du plan de symétrie, ou encore aux extrémités latérales de plus forte courbure. La flèche de la ligne de cambrure est aussi appelée cambrure. La flèche de la ligne de cambrure est définie par la distance entre le sommet (S) de la ligne de cambrure (LCBR1) (comme illustré dans l'exemple des figures 5 et 6), et la droite (LC1) qui relie les extrémités de la ligne de cambrure. Cette droite correspond ici à la corde.The line of curvature ("mean line" in English) is defined as being the curve joining the leading edge to the trailing edge which is equidistant from the extrados and the intrados. The leading edge and the trailing edge correspond to the edges farthest from the plane of symmetry, or to the lateral extremities of greater curvature. The arrow of the line of camber is also called camber. The arrow of the camber line is defined by the distance between the top (S) of the camber line (LCBR1) (as shown in the example of Figures 5 and 6 ), and the line (LC1) which connects the ends of the line of camber. This line corresponds here to the rope.

La courbure de la paroi extrados est plus importante que celle de la paroi intrados.The curvature of the extrados wall is greater than that of the intrados wall.

Comme énoncé ci-dessus, la flèche de la ligne de cambrure est au moins égale à 20% de la longueur de la corde et peut-être par exemple de l'ordre de 50% de la longueur de la corde.As stated above, the arrow of the camber line is at least 20% of the length of the rope and perhaps for example of the order of 50% of the length of the rope.

Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, lesdites parois extrados et intrados sont respectivement convexe et concave. La convexité de la paroi extrados est définie par référence à une personne située à l'extérieur du corps et qui regarde directement ladite paroi extrados. De même la concavité de la paroi intrados est définie par référence à une personne située à l'extérieur du corps et qui regarde directement ladite paroi intrados.According to a particular embodiment, said upper and lower walls are respectively convex and concave. The convexity of the extrados wall is defined by reference to a person located outside the body and looking directly at said extrados wall. Similarly the concavity of the intrados wall is defined by reference to a person located outside the body and looking directly at said intrados wall.

Les ouvertures sont ménagées sur la paroi de plus forte cambrure (paroi extrados), mais des ouvertures additionnelles pourraient aussi être ménagées sur la paroi de moins forte cambrure (intrados)The openings are formed on the wall of greater camber (extrados wall), but additional openings could also be made on the wall of less strong arch (intrados)

Grâce au plan de symétrie dudit corps tel que défini ci-dessus, l'écoulement autour du profil et la portance sont sensiblement identiques selon que l'un ou l'autre des bords de liaison est utilisé en tant que bord d'attaque ou bord de fuite.Thanks to the plane of symmetry of said body as defined above, the flow around the profile and the lift are substantially identical depending on whether one or the other of the connecting edges is used as a leading edge or edge leak.

Une telle conception du dispositif selon l'invention permet d'intervertir les fonctions de bord de fuite et de bord d'attaque des bords de liaison opposés du corps creux, sans que cela altère les performances aérodynamiques du dispositif. Le dispositif permet ainsi de s'exempter de système mécanique complexe permettant d'inverser la cambrure.Such a design of the device according to the invention makes it possible to invert the trailing edge and leading edge functions of the opposite connecting edges of the hollow body, without this altering the aerodynamic performance of the device. The device thus makes it possible to be exempt from a complex mechanical system that makes it possible to reverse the camber.

En outre une telle configuration des deux ouvertures et du système de limitation de décollement de couche limite permet d'aspirer sélectivement et/ou de souffler sélectivement au niveau des ouvertures, ce qui permet de créer sensiblement le même effet de limitation de décollement selon que l'un ou l'autre des bords de liaison est le bord d'attaque.Further, such a configuration of the two apertures and the boundary layer detachment limitation system selectively suck and / or blow selectively at the apertures, thereby creating substantially the same delamination limiting effect as one or the other of the connecting edges is the leading edge.

Autrement dit, le propulseur comprend un corps s'étendant le long d'un axe et présentant en section transversale une forme générale cambrée dont les extrémités opposées sont effilées.In other words, the thruster comprises a body extending along an axis and having in cross section a generally arched shape whose opposite ends are tapered.

Préférentiellement lesdites ouvertures formant zones d'aspiration et/ou de soufflage sont disposées symétriquement par rapport audit plan de symétrie.Preferably, said openings forming suction and / or blowing zones are arranged symmetrically with respect to said plane of symmetry.

La répartition des ouvertures de part et d'autre du plan de symétrie permet d'aspirer d'un côté ou de l'autre du corps selon que le flux de fluide est incident d'un côté ou de l'autre de l'axe de symétrie, afin d'obtenir la poussée souhaitée et limiter le décollement du fluide par rapport à la paroi du propulseur.The distribution of the openings on either side of the plane of symmetry allows suction on one side or the other of the body depending on whether the flow of fluid is incident on one side or the other of the axis of symmetry, in order to obtain the desired thrust and limit the detachment of the fluid relative to the wall of the thruster.

Le dispositif est destiné à être placé dans un fluide en mouvement (ou inversement) de direction transversale à l'axe longitudinal du corps creux.The device is intended to be placed in a moving fluid (or conversely) of direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the hollow body.

La forte cambrure du profil associée à l'aspiration d'une des zones de la paroi extrados permet de produire une très forte portance par unité de surface en empêchant le décollement de la couche limite de la paroi dudit corps.The strong camber of the profile associated with the suction of one of the zones of the extrados wall makes it possible to produce a very high lift per unit area by preventing delamination of the boundary layer of the wall of said body.

Un tel profil du corps du dispositif permet par rapport aux dispositifs connus de l'état de la technique de pouvoir présenter vers le fluide, indifféremment, l'une ou l'autre de ses extrémités qui fait alors fonction de bord d'attaque, tandis que l'autre extrémité du profil du corps forme bord de fuite, tout en obtenant une importante force de portance.Such a profile of the body of the device allows compared to the known devices of the state of the art can be presented to the fluid, indifferently, one or the other of its ends which then acts as a leading edge, while that the other end of the profile of the body forms trailing edge, while obtaining a significant lift force.

Le dispositif possède l'avantage de pouvoir, par simple rotation autour de l'axe longitudinal du corps, être orienté par rapport au fluide incident pour produire une force transversale par rapport à la direction dudit fluide. Ladite force de portance peut alors être orientée d'un côté ou de l'autre de la direction du fluide, sans qu'il soit nécessaire de modifier la forme aérodynamique du dispositif en actionnant des parties mobiles, telles qu'un volet comme c'est le cas de certains dispositifs connus de l'état de la technique.The device has the advantage of being able, by simple rotation about the longitudinal axis of the body, to be oriented relative to the incident fluid to produce a transverse force with respect to the direction of said fluid. Said lift force can then be oriented on one side or the other of the direction of the fluid, without it being necessary to modify the aerodynamic shape of the device by actuating moving parts, such as a flap like that. is the case of certain devices known from the state of the art.

Ainsi, comme détaillé ci-après, dans le cas d'un propulseur éolien, une telle conception du dispositif permet de créer une force transversale à la direction du vent que reçoit l'objet mobile, par exemple un bateau, et orientée dans une direction qui dépend du côté par lequel ledit objet mobile prend le vent.Thus, as detailed below, in the case of a wind propulsion unit, such a design of the device makes it possible to create a force transverse to the direction of the wind that the moving object receives, for example a boat, and oriented in one direction. which depends on the side by which said moving object takes the wind.

Le fait de pouvoir produire une force transversale par rapport à la direction du fluide dans lequel le dispositif est placé, orientée au choix d'un côté ou de l'autre de ladite direction du fluide est particulièrement avantageuse pour certaines applications comme la propulsion par le vent d'un navire.The fact of being able to produce a transverse force with respect to the direction of the fluid in which the device is placed, oriented optionally on one side or the other of said direction of the fluid is particularly advantageous for certain applications such as propulsion by the wind of a ship.

Comme expliqué ci-dessous, il est possible selon un mode de réalisation de séparer en deux parties, ou compartiments, l'intérieur du dispositif avec une cloison étanche transversale, de préférence, perpendiculaire à la ligne de corde, et sensiblement parallèle à l'axe du corps. Il est alors possible de mettre en place un moyen d'aspiration et/ou de soufflage pour chaque compartiment. Avantageusement, ladite paroi est positionnée à égale distance des deux extrémités du profil.As explained below, it is possible according to one embodiment to separate into two parts, or compartments, the interior of the device with a transverse bulkhead, preferably perpendicular to the string line, and substantially parallel to the body axis. It is then possible to set up a suction and / or blowing means for each compartment. Advantageously, said wall is positioned equidistant from both ends of the profile.

De tels profils présentent l'avantage de posséder de part leur forme cambrée naturellement et leur épaisseur réduite de meilleures performances aérodynamiques que le profil épais à volet des dispositifs connus, ce qui permet de réduire la puissance d'aspiration requise pour atteindre une portance ou une force donnée.Such profiles have the advantage of possessing their naturally arched shape and their reduced thickness of better aerodynamic performance than the thick shutter profile of known devices, which makes it possible to reduce the suction power required to reach a lift or lift. given strength.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, les parois intrados et extrados étant reliées l'une à l'autre, les bords de liaison entre lesdites parois sont arrondis pour former un bord d'attaque et un bord de fuite selon la direction du fluide en mouvement.According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the intrados and extrados walls being connected to one another, the connecting edges between said walls are rounded to form a leading edge and a trailing edge in the direction of the fluid. moving.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, ledit système de limitation de décollement de couche limite comprend :

  • un premier système d'aspiration et/ou de soufflage communiquant avec la première ouverture et agencé pour mettre en dépression la première chambre ou pour souffler de l'air depuis la première chambre à travers ladite première ouverture, tangentiellement à ladite paroi extrados en direction de la zone de liaison entre les parois intrados et extrados qui est située du côté opposé à la première ouverture,
  • un deuxième système d'aspiration et/ou de soufflage communiquant avec la deuxième ouverture et agencé pour mettre en dépression la deuxième chambre ou pour souffler de l'air depuis la deuxième chambre à travers ladite deuxième ouverture, tangentiellement à ladite paroi extrados en direction de la zone de liaison entre les parois intrados et extrados qui est située du côté opposé à la deuxième ouverture,
le premier et le deuxième systèmes d'aspiration et/ou de soufflage pouvant être distincts ou communs en tout ou partie.According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, said boundary layer detachment limiting system comprises:
  • a first suction and / or blowing system communicating with the first opening and arranged to depressurize the first chamber or to blow air from the first chamber through said first opening, tangentially to said extrados wall in the direction of the zone of connection between the intrados and extrados walls which is situated on the opposite side to the first opening,
  • a second suction and / or blowing system communicating with the second opening and arranged to depressurize the second chamber or to blow air from the second chamber through said second opening, tangentially to said extrados wall in the direction of the zone of connection between the intrados and extrados walls which is located on the opposite side to the second opening,
the first and second suction systems and / or blowing may be separate or common in whole or in part.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, ledit système de limitation de décollement de couche limite comprend au moins une partie située à l'extérieur du corps et connectée aux ouvertures par des conduits.According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, said boundary layer detachment limiting system comprises at least a portion located outside the body and connected to the openings by conduits.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, ledit corps présentant une paroi de séparation qui sépare l'intérieur du corps de manière à délimiter lesdites première et deuxième chambres, ladite paroi de séparation s'étend sensiblement transversalement, de préférence orthogonalement, à ladite ligne de corde.According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, said body having a separation wall which separates the interior of the body so as to delimit said first and second chambers, said separation wall extends substantially transversely, preferably orthogonally, to said line. of rope.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, ledit système de limitation de décollement de couche limite étant configuré pour aspirer de l'air sélectivement à travers la première ou la deuxième chambre, par, respectivement, la première ou la deuxième ouverture, ledit système de limitation de décollement de couche limite comprend une sortie de refoulement orientée selon une direction tangentielle à la paroi extrados, et de préférence orthogonale à l'axe du corps creux, vers le bord de liaison situé en aval de la direction du fluide en mouvement dans lequel le dispositif est placé.According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, said boundary layer detachment limiting system being configured to suck air selectively through the first or second chamber, respectively, by the first or second opening, said limiting boundary layer delamination comprises a discharge outlet oriented in a direction tangential to the extrados wall, and preferably orthogonal to the axis of the hollow body, to the connecting edge located downstream of the direction of the moving fluid in which the device is placed.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, ledit dispositif comprend des éléments profilés s'étendant parallèlement à l'axe du corps du dispositif et positionnés de façon fixe à proximité de la paroi du corps du dispositif.According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, said device comprises profiled elements extending parallel to the axis of the body of the device and positioned in a fixed manner near the wall of the body of the device.

Ces éléments profilés sont configurés pour améliorer l'écoulement en réduisant le décollement aux extrémités du profil.These shaped members are configured to improve flow by reducing peeling at the ends of the profile.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, le système de limitation de décollement de couche limite comprend au moins un ventilateur centrifuge, de préférence un ventilateur centrifuge pour chaque ouverture. Selon différents modes de réalisation, le ventilateur peut fonctionner en aspiration ou en soufflage.According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the boundary layer delamination limitation system comprises at least one centrifugal fan, preferably a centrifugal fan for each opening. According to different embodiments, the fan can operate in suction or blowing.

L'invention concerne également une installation comprenant un dispositif tel que décrit ci-dessus, caractérisé en ce que l'installation comprend des moyens d'orientation du dispositif permettant de faire passer le dispositif d'une première position à une deuxième position distincte par pivotement du dispositif autour d'un axe parallèle, de préférence confondu, avec l'axe dudit corps du dispositif.The invention also relates to an installation comprising a device as described above, characterized in that the installation comprises means for orienting the device for moving the device from a first position to a second distinct position by pivoting. the device about an axis parallel, preferably coincidental, with the axis of said body of the device.

Avantageusement, les moyens d'orientation sont configurés pour pouvoir faire pivoter le dispositif dans une plage angulaire de [- 90° ; +90°] par rapport à la direction horizontale perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal du bateau.Advantageously, the orientation means are configured to be able to rotate the device in an angular range of [- 90 °; + 90 °] in relation to the horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the boat.

Autrement dit, les moyens d'orientation peuvent être configurés pour pouvoir faire pivoter le dispositif dans une plage angulaire telle que l'angle que fait la médiatrice de la corde du profil avec l'axe longitudinal du bateau puisse varier de -90° à +90°.
L'invention concerne également un propulseur de préférence éolien comprenant plusieurs dispositifs tels que décrits ci-dessus, caractérisé en ce que lesdits dispositifs sont superposés. Les dispositifs superposés forment ainsi les différents étages du propulseur éolien.In other words, the orientation means can be configured to be able to rotate the device in an angular range such that the angle that the mediator of the rope of the profile with the longitudinal axis of the boat can vary from -90 ° to + 90 °.
The invention also relates to a preferably Aeolian thruster comprising several devices as described above, characterized in that said devices are superimposed. The superimposed devices thus form the different stages of the wind thruster.

Avantageusement, les moyens d'aspiration et/ou de soufflage des différents étages sont distincts les uns des autres de sorte qu'ils sont capables d'aspirer et/ou de souffler à un étage sans aspirer et/ou souffler aux autres.Advantageously, the suction and / or blowing means of the different stages are distinct from each other so that they are capable of sucking and / or blowing on one stage without sucking and / or blowing on the others.

La séparation des zones d'aspiration et/ou de soufflage le long du propulseur permet d'homogénéiser l'aspiration le long du corps du propulseur.The separation of the suction and / or blowing zones along the thruster makes it possible to homogenize the suction along the body of the thruster.

En outre, une telle séparation du propulseur en différents modules superposés à fonctionnement indépendant permet d'activer les moyens d'aspiration et/ou de soufflage d'une partie seulement des modules, par exemple du module le plus bas, selon la puissance du vent.In addition, such a separation of the thruster into different superposed modules with independent operation makes it possible to activate the suction and / or blowing means of only a part of the modules, for example of the lowest module, according to the power of the wind .

Bien entendu il est aussi possible de réaliser un propulseur comprenant un seul dispositif de générateur de portance.Of course it is also possible to make a thruster comprising a single lift generator device.

L'invention concerne également un bateau qui comprend une installation telle que décrite ci-dessus, caractérisée en ce que ladite installation est montée sur le pont ou une superstructure dudit bateau.The invention also relates to a boat which comprises an installation as described above, characterized in that said installation is mounted on the deck or a superstructure of said boat.

Un propulseur éolien monté sur le pont d'un bateau (ou navire) permet d'atteindre une poussée aérodynamique par unité de surface plus importante que celle d'une voile ou d'une aile rigide, tout en occupant un espace limité sur le pont du navire.A wind propeller mounted on the deck of a boat (or ship) achieves a greater aerodynamic thrust per unit area than a rigid sail or wing, while occupying limited space on the deck of the ship.

Le propulseur peut ainsi être orienté en fonction de la direction du vent pour obtenir une poussée adaptée.The thruster can thus be oriented according to the direction of the wind to obtain a suitable thrust.

Avantageusement, ledit bateau comprend un système d'articulation du dispositif par rapport à la base, ledit système d'articulation étant configuré pour permettre de déplacer le dispositif entre une position dressée, dans laquelle, à l'état fixé de la base au pont du bateau, il s'étend perpendiculairement au pont du bateau, et une position basculée, dans laquelle, à l'état fixé de la base au pont du bateau, le dispositif s'étend sensiblement parallèlement au pont du bateau.Advantageously, said boat comprises a system for articulating the device relative to the base, said articulation system being configured to allow the device to be moved between an erected position, in which, in the fixed state from the base to the deck of the boat, it extends perpendicular to the deck of the boat, and a tilted position, in which, in the state fixed from the base to the deck of the boat, the device extends substantially parallel to the deck of the boat.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront encore de la description qui suit, laquelle est purement illustrative et non limitative et doit être lue en regard des dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue de dessus d'un bateau équipé d'un propulseur selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, dans une configuration selon laquelle ledit bateau reçoit le vent par tribord ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue de dessus d'un bateau équipé d'un propulseur selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, dans une configuration selon laquelle ledit bateau reçoit le vent par bâbord ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en perspective avant d'un dispositif de génération de portance selon l'invention, utilisé par exemple pour former le propulseur de la figure 1 ou 2 ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue en perspective arrière d'un propulseur éolien comprenant plusieurs dispositifs, encore appelés modules, superposés, par exemple conformes ou similaires au dispositif illustré à la figure 3 ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue en coupe transversale du corps creux du dispositif selon un mode de réalisation donné, dans une configuration selon laquelle ledit corps reçoit le vent d'un côté, et selon laquelle le fluide est aspiré par la deuxième chambre d'aspiration, l'écoulement de fluide étant schématisé ;
  • la figure 6 est une vue en coupe transversale du corps creux du dispositif selon un mode de réalisation donné, dans une configuration selon laquelle ledit corps reçoit le vent de l'autre côté par rapport à la figure 5, et selon laquelle le fluide est aspiré par la première chambre d'aspiration, l'écoulement de fluide étant schématisé.
Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description which follows, which is purely illustrative and nonlimiting and should be read with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a top view of a boat equipped with a thruster according to one embodiment of the invention, in a configuration according to which said boat receives the wind from the starboard side;
  • the figure 2 is a top view of a boat equipped with a thruster according to one embodiment of the invention, in a configuration according to which said boat receives the wind on the port side;
  • the figure 3 is a front perspective view of a lift generation device according to the invention, used for example to form the propellant of the figure 1 or 2 ;
  • the figure 4 is a rear perspective view of a wind propulsion unit comprising several devices, also called modules, superimposed, for example conforming or similar to the device illustrated in FIG. figure 3 ;
  • the figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the hollow body of the device according to a given embodiment, in a configuration according to which said body receives the wind on one side, and according to which the fluid is sucked by the second suction chamber; fluid flow being schematized;
  • the figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the hollow body of the device according to a given embodiment, in a configuration according to which said body receives the wind on the other side relative to the figure 5 and wherein the fluid is sucked by the first suction chamber, the fluid flow being schematized.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEEDETAILED DESCRIPTION

En référence aux figures et comme rappelé ci-dessus, l'invention concerne un dispositif générateur de portance, encore appelé dispositif de propulsion, et un propulseur de préférence éolien correspondant destiné à être placé dans un flux de fluide en mouvement pour produire une portance. On peut prévoir que le propulseur comprenne un seul dispositif générateur de portance ou une pluralité de dispositifs générateurs de portance superposés comme illustré à la figure 4.Referring to the figures and as recalled above, the invention relates to a lift generator device, also called a propulsion device, and a corresponding preferably aeolian propellant intended to be placed in a fluid flow in motion to produce lift. It can be provided that the thruster comprises a single lift generating device or a plurality of superposed lift generating devices as illustrated in FIG. figure 4 .

La force de portance peut être utilisée pour assurer la propulsion d'un corps mobile tel qu'un bateau. Ainsi, selon une utilisation préférée, le propulseur est du type éolien et est monté sur un bateau de sorte que le flux d'air s'écoule autour dudit propulseur éolien pour générer une force propulsive.The lift force can be used to propel a moving body such as a boat. Thus, according to a preferred use, the thruster is of the aeolian type and is mounted on a boat so that the flow of air flows around said wind thruster to generate a propulsive force.

Le principe de portance, bien connu de L'Homme du Métier, est décrit notamment dans le document EP0055638 .The principle of lift, well known to those skilled in the art, is described in particular in the document EP0055638 .

Dans l'exemple illustré aux figures, le propulseur éolien comprend plusieurs dispositifs de propulsion qui sont superposés. Ainsi, comme illustré plus particulièrement à la figure 4, le propulseur éolien comprend un dispositif de propulsion 102 haut, un dispositif de propulsion intermédiaire 101 et un dispositif de propulsion 100 bas.In the example illustrated in the figures, the wind propulsion unit comprises several propulsion devices that are superimposed. Thus, as illustrated more particularly in figure 4 , the wind propulsion unit comprises a propulsion device 102 high, an intermediate propulsion device 101 and a propulsion device 100 low.

En fonctionnement, l'axe A1 longitudinal du propulseur est sensiblement vertical.In operation, the longitudinal axis A1 of the thruster is substantially vertical.

Chaque dispositif de propulsion, encore appelé module, comprend un corps creux allongé. Comme illustré à la figure 1, le corps creux comprend une paroi périphérique dont le profil, correspondant à une section du corps creux selon un plan transversal à l'axe longitudinal A1 dudit corps creux, présente un plan de symétrie P1.Each propulsion device, also called module, comprises an elongate hollow body. As illustrated in figure 1 , the hollow body comprises a peripheral wall whose profile, corresponding to a section of the hollow body in a plane transverse to the longitudinal axis A1 of said hollow body, has a plane of symmetry P1.

Autrement dit, le corps présente un plan de symétrie perpendiculaire à la ligne de corde LC1 qui joint les deux extrémités 111, 112 du profil et coupent celle-ci en son milieu. Le plan de symétrie P1 passe par ledit axe A1. Ainsi l'écoulement du fluide et la portance sont sensiblement identiques selon que l'une ou l'autre des extrémités formées par les zones de liaison 111, 112 forment le bord d'attaque ou le bord de fuite du profil.In other words, the body has a plane of symmetry perpendicular to the line of rope LC1 which joins the two ends 111, 112 of the profile and cut it in the middle. The plane of symmetry P1 passes through said axis A1. Thus the flow of the fluid and the lift are substantially identical depending on whether one or other of the ends formed by the connecting zones 111, 112 form the leading edge or the trailing edge of the profile.

Lorsque le propulseur comprend une pluralité de dispositifs superposés comme illustré à la figure 4, ces dispositifs sont de conception identique ou similaire entre eux de sorte qu'ils sont appelés modules par la suite. Bien entendu les caractéristiques décrites ci-après pour les modules s'appliquent aussi à un seul dispositif générateur de portance dans le cas où le propulseur éolien comprend un seul dispositif générateur de portance.When the thruster comprises a plurality of superimposed devices as illustrated at figure 4 these devices are of identical design or similar to each other so that they are called modules thereafter. Naturally, the characteristics described below for the modules also apply to a single lift-generating device in the case where the wind propulsion unit comprises a single device generating a lift.

Les modules sont superposés selon leur axe longitudinal de sorte que l'axe longitudinal du propulseur est parallèle ou confondu avec l'axe longitudinal de chaque module. Autrement dit, l'axe longitudinal du propulseur correspond à l'axe selon lequel les modules sont superposés. Par ailleurs, les modules sont superposés de manière coaxiale. Autrement dit, l'axe longitudinal du propulseur correspond à l'axe longitudinal de chaque module.The modules are superimposed along their longitudinal axis so that the longitudinal axis of the thruster is parallel or coincident with the longitudinal axis of each module. In other words, the longitudinal axis of the thruster corresponds to the axis in which the modules are superimposed. In addition, the modules are superimposed coaxially. In other words, the longitudinal axis of the thruster corresponds to the longitudinal axis of each module.

Le corps de chaque module présente deux parois 11, 12 opposées, dites respectivement intrados et extrados. Les parois extrados et intrados sont assemblées l'une à l'autre. En fonctionnement, par référence à la direction de déplacement de l'objet propulsé, la paroi 12 est orientée du côté avant de l'objet propulsé et la paroi 11 est orientée du côté arrière dudit objet propulsé.The body of each module has two opposite walls 11, 12, respectively called intrados and extrados. The extrados and intrados walls are assembled to one another. In operation, with reference to the direction of movement of the propelled object, the wall 12 is oriented on the front side of the propelled object and the wall 11 is oriented on the rear side of said propelled object.

Lesdites parois extrados et intrados sont conformées de sorte que le corps présente en section transversale une ligne de cambrure dont la flèche est au moins égale à 20% de la longueur de la corde joignant les bords de liaison entre lesdites parois intrados et extrados.Said extrados and intrados walls are shaped so that the body has in cross section a camber line whose arrow is at least equal to 20% of the length of the rope joining the connecting edges between said intrados and extrados walls.

Dans l'exemple illustré aux figures, lesdites parois extrados et intrados sont respectivement concave (creuse) et convexe (bombée) par référence à une personne située à l'extérieur du propulseur qui regarde directement ces parois. La courbure de la paroi extrados est plus importante que celle de la paroi intrados. La paroi la plus courbée (cambrée) a la fonction d'extrados et la paroi la moins courbée (cambrée) la fonction d'intrados. Les deux parois se rejoignent aux deux extrémités 111, 112 du profil. La ligne de cambrure LCBR1 est schématisée sur les figures 5 et 6.In the example illustrated in the figures, said upper and lower walls are respectively concave (hollow) and convex (curved) with reference to a person located outside the thruster which directly looks at these walls. The curvature of the extrados wall is greater than that of the intrados wall. The most curved wall (arched) has the function of extrados and the wall the least curved (arched) the function of intrados. The two walls meet at both ends 111, 112 of the profile. The line of curvature LCBR1 is schematized on the Figures 5 and 6 .

Les parois intrados 11 et extrados 12 sont reliées l'une à l'autre. Les bords de liaison 111, 112 correspondant entre lesdites parois sont arrondis pour former un bord d'attaque et un bord de fuite selon la direction du fluide en mouvement. Autrement dit, les bords de liaison 111, 112 sont profilés pour faire fonction de bord d'attaque ou de bord de fuite selon la direction V. Le bord d'attaque est le bord qui reçoit le fluide et le bord de fuite est le bord au niveau duquel le fluide quitte le corps.The intrados 11 and extrados 12 walls are connected to each other. The connecting edges 111, 112 corresponding between said walls are rounded to form a leading edge and a trailing edge in the direction of the fluid in motion. In other words, the connecting edges 111, 112 are profiled to act as leading edge or trailing edge in the direction V. The leading edge is the edge that receives the fluid and the trailing edge is the edge where the fluid leaves the body.

En particulier, les deux extrémités 111, 112 du profil ont une même forme effilée qui permet, selon la direction V du fluide par rapport au profil, que l'une ou l'autre des extrémités fasse fonction de bord de fuite en assurant la fonction de séparation des écoulements de fluide entre la paroi intrados et la paroi extrados. L'extrémité opposée du profil fait alors fonction de bord d'attaque par rapport au fluide.In particular, the two ends 111, 112 of the profile have the same tapered shape which allows, in the direction V of the fluid relative to the profile, that one or other of the ends act as trailing edge ensuring the function separation of the fluid flows between the intrados wall and the extrados wall. The opposite end of the profile then acts as a leading edge with respect to the fluid.

Ladite paroi extrados 12 présente, d'un côté du plan de symétrie P1, une ouverture 121 apte à communiquer avec une première chambre 21 dudit corps et, de l'autre côté du plan de symétrie P1, une ouverture 122 communiquant avec une deuxième chambre 22 dudit corps. Préférentiellement, les deux ouvertures 121, 122 sont munies de grilles ménagées dans la paroi 12 de chaque module.Said upper wall 12 has, on one side of the plane of symmetry P1, an opening 121 adapted to communicate with a first chamber 21 of said body and, on the other side of the plane of symmetry P1, an opening 122 communicating with a second chamber 22 of said body. Preferably, the two openings 121, 122 are provided with grids formed in the wall 12 of each module.

Dans l'exemple illustré aux figures, ledit corps présente une paroi de séparation 13 qui sépare l'intérieur du corps de manière à délimiter lesdites première et deuxième chambres 21, 22. Ladite paroi de séparation 13 s'étend sensiblement transversalement, de préférence orthogonalement, au plan moyen de chacune des parois 11, 12 intrados et extrados.In the example illustrated in the figures, said body has a separation wall 13 which separates the interior of the body so as to delimit said first and second chambers 21, 22. Said partition wall 13 extends substantially transversely, preferably orthogonally , in the middle plane of each of the walls 11, 12 intrados and extrados.

Ladite paroi de séparation 13 peut être formée par une cloison étanche s'étendant parallèlement au plan P1, c'est-à-dire transversalement à la ligne de corde joignant les extrémités du corps.Said partition wall 13 may be formed by a watertight partition extending parallel to the plane P1, that is to say transversely to the line of rope joining the ends of the body.

Lesdites chambres peuvent être mises en dépression ou surpression indépendamment l'une de l'autre afin de pouvoir aspirer ou souffler de façon sélective par l'une ou l'autre des ouvertures.Said chambers can be put in depression or overpressure independently of one another so that one or other of the openings can be sucked or blown selectively.

Le propulseur comprend un système 3 de limitation de décollement de couche limite.The thruster comprises a system 3 for limiting boundary layer separation.

Selon un mode de réalisation, ledit système 3 de limitation de décollement de couche limite est configuré pour aspirer de l'air sélectivement à travers la première ou la deuxième chambre 21, 22, par, respectivement, la première ou la deuxième ouverture 121, 122. Avantageusement et comme illustré à la figure 5 ou à la figure 6, il est prévu d'aspirer par le ventilateur le plus en aval de la direction du vent V. Ainsi, le système permet d'aspirer le fluide à la surface du corps du côté extrados du profil dans le but de limiter le décollement de la couche limite de l'écoulement par rapport à ladite paroi du corps.According to one embodiment, said boundary layer detachment limiting system 3 is configured to suck air selectively through first or second chamber 21, 22, respectively, by the first or second opening 121, 122 Advantageously and as illustrated in the figure 5 or at figure 6 , it is planned to suck by the fan further downstream of the wind direction V. Thus, the system makes it possible to draw the fluid at the surface of the body on the extrados side of the profile in order to limit the separation of the boundary layer of flow with respect to said body wall.

Selon un mode de réalisation combinable avec le, ou alternatif du, mode de réalisation concernant l'aspiration, ledit système 3 de limitation de décollement de couche limite peut être configuré pour souffler de l'air sélectivement depuis la première ou la deuxième chambre 21, 22, à travers la première ou la deuxième ouverture 121, 122, tangentiellement à ladite paroi extrados 12. Avantageusement, le soufflage est réalisé en direction du bord de liaison 111 ou 112 qui est le plus en aval de la direction du vent V.According to an embodiment that is combinable with the or alternatively of the embodiment relating to suction, said boundary layer separation limitation system 3 can be configured to blow air selectively from the first or second chamber 21, 22, through the first or second opening 121, 122, tangentially to said extrados wall 12. Advantageously, the blowing is performed towards the connecting edge 111 or 112 which is the most downstream of the wind direction V.

Selon une configuration combinée desdits modes de réalisation présentés ci-dessus, il est possible alors d'aspirer par une ouverture et de souffler par l'autre ouverture. En particulier, on peut prévoir d'aspirer par le ventilateur le plus en aval de la direction du vent et de souffler par le ventilateur le plus en amont, en direction du bord de liaison le plus en aval de la direction du vent V.According to a combined configuration of said embodiments presented above, it is then possible to suck through an opening and blow through the other opening. In particular, it can be expected to suck through the fan further downstream of the wind direction and blow through the fan upstream, towards the connecting edge most downstream of the wind direction V.

Selon les modes de réalisation des figures 1 à 3, ledit système 3 de limitation de décollement de couche limite comprend un premier et un deuxième système 31, 32 d'aspiration. Autrement dit, comme illustré aux figures, chaque chambre 121, 122 est munie de son propre système 31, 32 d'aspiration. Chaque système d'aspiration 31, 32 comprend de préférence un ventilateur centrifuge à axe vertical. L'axe de rotation du ventilateur est parallèle à l'axe longitudinal du corps creux.According to the embodiments of the Figures 1 to 3 said boundary layer detachment limiting system 3 comprises first and second suction systems 31, 32. In other words, as illustrated in the figures, each chamber 121, 122 is provided with its own system 31, 32 suction. Each suction system 31, 32 preferably comprises a centrifugal fan with a vertical axis. The axis of rotation of the fan is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hollow body.

On peut prévoir que la sortie de refoulement de chaque système d'aspiration 31, 32 est orientée selon une direction tangentielle à la paroi extrados et vers l'extrémité du profil la plus proche dudit système d'aspiration.It can be provided that the discharge outlet of each suction system 31, 32 is oriented in a direction tangential to the extrados wall and to the end of the profile closest to said suction system.

Selon le mode de réalisation illustré à la figure 4 pour lequel le propulseur comprend plusieurs modules superposés, les chambres des modules sont dépourvues de moyens de communication fluidique entre elles. Ainsi chaque étage formé par un module comprend ses propres chambres qui ne communiquent pas avec les chambres des autres modules.According to the embodiment illustrated in figure 4 for which the thruster comprises several superposed modules, the chambers of the modules are devoid of fluid communication means between them. Thus each floor formed by a module includes its own rooms that do not communicate with the rooms of other modules.

Avantageusement, ledit propulseur comprend aussi une unité de pilotage configurée pour piloter les systèmes 31, 32 d'aspiration et/ou de soufflage en fonction de la direction et de la vitesse du vent. On peut prévoir que le propulseur soit équipé de moyens de détection de données relatives au vent, notamment sa direction et sa vitesse, lesdits moyens de détection étant alors configurés pour communiquer ces données à l'unité de pilotage.Advantageously, said thruster also comprises a control unit configured to control the systems 31, 32 for suction and / or blowing depending on the direction and wind speed. It can be provided that the thruster is equipped with wind data detection means, in particular its direction and its speed, said detection means then being configured to communicate these data to the control unit.

L'unité de pilotage comprend des moyens de traitement électronique et/ou informatique qui comprennent par exemple un microcontrôleur ou un microprocesseur.The control unit comprises electronic processing means and / or computer which include for example a microcontroller or a microprocessor.

Lorsqu'il est précisé que l'unité de pilotage est configurée pour réaliser une opération donnée, cela signifie que les moyens de traitement électronique et/ou informatique correspondant comprennent des instructions informatiques et les moyens d'exécution correspondants qui permettent de réaliser ladite opération.When it is specified that the control unit is configured to perform a given operation, it means that the corresponding electronic processing means and / or computer comprises computer instructions and corresponding means of execution that make it possible to perform said operation.

Avantageusement, l'unité de pilotage est aussi configurée pour piloter lesdits systèmes 31, 32 d'aspiration et/ou de soufflage de chacun des modules 100, 101, 102, par exemple en fonction de données relatives au flux d'air V incident sur le propulseur 1.Advantageously, the control unit is also configured to control said systems 31, 32 for suction and / or blowing each of the modules 100, 101, 102, for example as a function of data relating to the incident air flow V on the thruster 1.

Selon un aspect non illustré aux figures, le propulseur éolien est équipé d'une base support dudit propulseur qui est fixable sur le pont d'un bateau 9.According to an aspect not illustrated in the figures, the wind propulsion unit is equipped with a support base of said thruster which is fixable on the deck of a boat 9.

Les figures 1 et 2 illustrent deux positions différentes du propulseur monté sur le pont d'un bateau 9. Ladite installation comprend ainsi des moyens d'orientation ou moyens d'entrainement à pivotement (non représentés) du propulseur autour d'un axe de rotation parallèle à son axe longitudinal A1. Le propulseur peut ainsi être orienté en fonction de la direction du vent pour faire varier la direction de la force de poussée en fonction de la direction du vent.The figures 1 and 2 illustrate two different positions of the booster mounted on the deck of a boat 9. Said installation thus comprises means for orientation or pivoting drive means (not shown) of the thruster about an axis of rotation parallel to its longitudinal axis A1. The thruster can thus be oriented according to the direction of the wind to vary the direction of the thrust force according to the direction of the wind.

Dans l'exemple illustré aux figures, lesdits moyen d'orientation permettent d'orienter le dispositif sur un secteur angulaire donné au moins de façon à ce que la ligne de corde LC1 puisse former avec la direction du vent V un angle donné, de préférence de 25° environ, et que la paroi intrados 11 (la moins cambrée) soit orientée vers la gauche (bâbord) de l'objet propulsé quand la direction du vent V vient de la droite (tribord) et vice versa.In the example illustrated in the figures, said orientation means enable the device to be oriented on a given angular sector at least so that the line of rope LC1 can form with the direction of the wind V a given angle, preferably approximately 25 °, and that the intrados wall 11 (the least arched) is oriented towards the left (port) of the propelled object when the direction of the wind V comes from the right (starboard) and vice versa.

Ainsi, comme illustré à la figure 1, dans le cas où la direction du vent V est incidente sur le propulseur par tribord, le dispositif est positionné de manière à orienter la paroi intrados vers le côté bâbord et l'arrière du bateau, et à former un angle ALPHA, de préférence de l'ordre de 25° entre la ligne de corde LC1 et la direction du vent V. On obtient ainsi une force F de portance dirigée vers l'avant et le côté tribord du bateau.Thus, as illustrated in figure 1 in the case where the direction of the wind V is incident on the starboard thruster, the device is positioned so as to orient the intrados wall towards the port side and the rear of the boat, and to form an ALPHA angle, preferably the order of 25 ° between the line of rope LC1 and the wind direction V. This gives a lift force F directed forward and the starboard side of the boat.

Inversement, comme illustré à la figure 2, dans le cas où la direction du vent V est incidente sur le propulseur par bâbord, le dispositif est positionné de manière à orienter la paroi intrados vers le côté tribord et l'arrière du bateau et à former un angle ALPHA, de préférence de l'ordre de -25° entre la ligne de corde LC1 et la direction du vent V. On obtient ainsi une force F de portance dirigée vers l'avant et le côté bâbord du bateau.Conversely, as illustrated in figure 2 in the case where the direction of the wind V is incident on the thruster on the port side, the device is positioned so as to orient the intrados wall towards the starboard side and the rear of the boat and to form an ALPHA angle, preferably order of -25 ° between the line of rope LC1 and the direction of the wind V. This gives a force F of lift directed forward and the port side of the boat.

L'intrados est orienté vers l'arrière du mobile propulsé.The underside is oriented towards the rear of the powered mobile.

On peut prévoir que le ou chaque dispositif soit équipé d'éléments profilés s'étendant parallèlement à l'axe A1 du corps du dispositif et positionnés de façon fixe à proximité du corps du dispositif. Ces éléments sont utilisés pour défléchir l'écoulement afin de limiter le décollement. Ils peuvent être installés vers le bord d'attaque et le bord de fuite du dispositif.It can be provided that the or each device is equipped with profiled elements extending parallel to the axis A1 of the body of the device and positioned in a fixed manner near the body of the device. These elements are used to deflect flow to limit delamination. They can be installed to the leading edge and the trailing edge of the device.

Selon un mode de réalisation non illustré, le propulseur est aussi équipé d'un système d'articulation du propulseur par rapport à ladite base. Le système d'articulation permet de déplacer le propulseur entre une position dressée perpendiculaire à la base, c'est-à-dire sensiblement verticale, et une position sensiblement parallèle à la base, c'est-à-dire sensiblement horizontale, le long du pont du bateau. Le système permet ainsi de basculer le propulseur sur le pont dans le cas où le vent est trop fort par rapport à la prise au vent du propulseur et par rapport à la stabilité du bateau. Il est aussi possible de basculer le propulseur dans le cas où l'on souhaite diminuer la prise au vent en cas de non utilisation, ou encore pour faciliter des opérations sur le pont du navire, telles que le chargement ou le déchargement, lorsque cela s'avère nécessaire.According to a non-illustrated embodiment, the thruster is also equipped with a propellant articulation system relative to said base. The articulation system makes it possible to move the thruster between a position erected perpendicular to the base, that is to say substantially vertical, and a position substantially parallel to the base, that is to say substantially horizontal, along from the deck of the boat. The system thus makes it possible to tilt the thruster on the deck in the case where the wind is too strong compared to the windward grip of the thruster and with respect to the stability of the boat. It is also possible to switch the thruster in the case where it is desired to reduce windholding in case of non-use, or to facilitate operations on the deck of the ship, such as loading or unloading, when it proves necessary.

L'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation illustrés dans les dessins. En conséquence, il doit être entendu que, lorsque les caractéristiques mentionnées dans les revendications annexées sont suivies par des signes de référence, ces signes sont inclus uniquement dans le but d'améliorer l'intelligibilité des revendications et ne sont nullement limitatifs de la portée des revendications.The invention is not limited to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings. Accordingly, it should be understood that when the features mentioned in the appended claims are followed by reference signs, these signs are included solely for the purpose of improving the intelligibility of the claims and are in no way limiting to the scope of the claims. claims.

En outre, des caractéristiques ou étapes qui ont été décrites en référence à l'un des modes de réalisation exposés ci-dessus peuvent également être utilisées en combinaison avec d'autres caractéristiques ou étapes d'autres modes de réalisation exposés ci-dessus.In addition, features or steps that have been described with reference to one of the embodiments set forth above may also be used in combination with other features or steps of other embodiments set forth above.

Claims (13)

  1. A device, called lift-generating device, intended to be placed in a moving fluid, such as air, in order to produce a lift force,
    the device comprising a hollow body (1) elongated along an axis (A1), said body having two opposite walls (11, 12), respectively called lower and upper, said upper and lower walls being configured such that the body has, in cross-section, a camber line with a deflection at least equal to 20% of the cord length (LC1) joining the connecting edges between said lower and upper walls,
    said upper wall (12) having an opening (121) able to communicate with a first chamber (21) located inside said body and an opening (122) communicating with a second body (22) located inside said body,
    the device comprising a system (3) for limiting boundary layer separation:
    • configured to suction air selectively through the first or the second chamber (21, 22), respectively through the first or second opening (121, 122), and/or
    • configured to blow air selectively from the first or second chamber (21, 22) through the first or second opening (121, 122), tangentially to said upper wall (12) toward a connecting edge (111 or 112) between the lower and upper walls (11, 12),
    characterized in that the body is substantially symmetrical along a plane of symmetry (P1) that is perpendicular to the cord line (LC1) joining the connecting edges (111, 112) between said lower and upper walls, and which intersects said cord substantially in the middle thereof,
    and in that the two openings are positioned substantially symmetrically relative to said plane of symmetry.
  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the lower (11) and upper (12) walls being connected to each other, the connecting edges (111, 112) between said walls are rounded to form a leading edge and a trailing edge in the direction of the moving fluid.
  3. The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said boundary layer separation limiting system (3) comprises:
    • a first suction and/or blowing system (31) communicating with the first opening (121) and arranged to create a vacuum in the first chamber (21) or to blow air from the first chamber (21) through said first opening (121), tangentially to said upper wall toward the connecting zone (112) between the lower and upper walls that is located on the side opposite the first opening (121),
    • a second suction and/or blowing system (32) communicating with the second opening (122) and arranged to create a vacuum in the second chamber or to blow air from the second chamber (22) through said second opening (122), tangentially to said upper wall toward the connecting zone (111) between the lower and upper walls that is located on the side opposite the second opening (122),
    the first and second suction and/or blowing systems (31, 32) being able to be separate or shared in whole or in part.
  4. The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said boundary layer separation limiting system (3) comprises at least one part located outside the body and connected to the openings (121, 122) by conduits.
  5. The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said body having a separating wall (13) that separates the inside of the body so as to delimit said first and second chambers (21, 22), said separating wall (13) extending substantially transversely, preferably orthogonally, to said cord line (LC1).
  6. The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, said boundary layer separation limiting system (3) being configured to suction air selectively through the first or second chamber (21, 22), respectively via the first or second opening (121, 122), the boundary layer separation limiting system (3) comprises a discharge outlet oriented in a direction tangential to the upper wall, and preferably orthogonal to the axis (A1) of the hollow body, toward the connecting edge located downstream from the direction (V) of the moving fluid in which the device is placed.
  7. The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said device comprises profiled elements extending parallel to the axis (A1) of the body of the device and positioned in a stationary manner near the wall of the body of the device.
  8. The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said boundary layer separation limiting system (3) comprises at least one centrifugal fan, preferably a centrifugal fan for each opening.
  9. The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said upper and lower walls are respectively convex and concave.
  10. An installation comprising a device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the installation comprises means for orienting the device making it possible to take the device from a first position to a different second position, by pivoting the device around an axis parallel to, preferably combined with, the axis (A1) of the body of the device.
  11. A propeller, preferably wind-propelled, comprising several devices according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said devices are superimposed.
  12. A boat comprising an installation according to claim 10, characterized in that said installation is mounted on the deck or on a superstructure of said boat.
  13. The boat according to claim 12, characterized in that said boat comprises a system for articulating the device relative to the base, said articulation system being configured to make it possible to move the device between an upright position, in which, in the state of the base fastened to the deck of the boat, it extends perpendicular to the deck of the boat, and a tilted position, in which, in the state of the base fixed to the deck of the boat, the device extends substantially parallel to the deck of the boat.
EP17165662.2A 2016-04-22 2017-04-10 Lift generator device, corresponding wind-powered propeller, and corresponding propulsion installation. Active EP3235719B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1600674A FR3050430B1 (en) 2016-04-22 2016-04-22 CARRIER GENERATING DEVICE, CORRESPONDING WIND THRUSTER, AND CORRESPONDING PROPULSION PLANT

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EP3235719A1 EP3235719A1 (en) 2017-10-25
EP3235719B1 true EP3235719B1 (en) 2018-10-17

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FR (1) FR3050430B1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2784716A1 (en) * 2019-03-26 2020-09-30 Bound4Blue Sl Boat propulsion system (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
FR3139114A1 (en) 2022-08-31 2024-03-01 Cent Rech Archit Indu Nautiques WIND PROPULSION SYSTEM AND BOAT EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A SYSTEM

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3327564A (en) 1965-07-29 1967-06-27 Borg Warner Differential mechanism
DE3174001D1 (en) 1980-12-01 1986-04-10 Cousteau Fond High lift device for wind-driven ships and other applications
DE9004412U1 (en) * 1990-04-18 1990-09-13 Wiese, Andreas, 5300 Bonn, De
FR2797846B3 (en) * 1999-07-20 2001-09-14 Arnaud Ballu DRAINING SYSTEM FOR HOUSING WING
FR2847009B1 (en) 2002-11-12 2006-12-15 Cousteau Soc HIGH-PORT DEVICE PARTICULARLY FOR WIND PROPULSION OF A SHIP AND SHIP EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A DEVICE
PL2925600T3 (en) * 2012-11-28 2019-06-28 Bray Wing and application thereof

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FR3050430B1 (en) 2018-04-06
EP3235719A1 (en) 2017-10-25
FR3050430A1 (en) 2017-10-27

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