EP0010484A1 - Verbesserung der Inchromierung von Stahl in der Gasphase - Google Patents
Verbesserung der Inchromierung von Stahl in der Gasphase Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0010484A1 EP0010484A1 EP79400724A EP79400724A EP0010484A1 EP 0010484 A1 EP0010484 A1 EP 0010484A1 EP 79400724 A EP79400724 A EP 79400724A EP 79400724 A EP79400724 A EP 79400724A EP 0010484 A1 EP0010484 A1 EP 0010484A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chromium
- steels
- treatments
- nitrogen
- chromizing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000005254 chromizing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 title 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- -1 chromium carbides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021555 Chromium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010849 ion bombardment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001337 iron nitride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021554 Chromium(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGIPUQAQWWHEMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [V].[Mo].[Cr] Chemical compound [V].[Mo].[Cr] VGIPUQAQWWHEMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001944 accentuation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- JZQOJFLIJNRDHK-CMDGGOBGSA-N alpha-irone Chemical compound CC1CC=C(C)C(\C=C\C(C)=O)C1(C)C JZQOJFLIJNRDHK-CMDGGOBGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YYXHRUSBEPGBCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidyneiron Chemical compound [N].[Fe] YYXHRUSBEPGBCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001845 chromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XBWRJSSJWDOUSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromium(ii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cr]Cl XBWRJSSJWDOUSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002089 ferrous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011221 initial treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C12/00—Solid state diffusion of at least one non-metal element other than silicon and at least one metal element or silicon into metallic material surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improvement in chromium-plating by gas of steels with more than 0.2% carbon, more especially structural steels and tool steels; this improvement makes it possible to significantly increase the thickness of the chromized layer, as well as its toughness.
- chromization of steels by gas is well known.
- the formation of chromium-based diffusion alloys on the surface of steels has already been described in numerous invention patents.
- the transport of chromium to the surface of the material to be treated is carried out by means of halides, which are the only chromium compounds in the vapor state at diffusion temperatures.
- halides which are the only chromium compounds in the vapor state at diffusion temperatures.
- the passage of chromium in solid solution in the metal takes place by exchange between the chromium halide and the iron according to a reaction which, in the case of chlorides, can be written:
- the reaction must be carried out at high temperature and in the austenitic range, that is to say above 850 ° C. for the usual steels.
- the surface reaction of carbon and chromium causes on the one hand the formation of a film of chromium carbides, on the other hand a diffusion of carbon towards the area.
- the surface film consists of two types of carbides, M 23 C 6 , richer in chromium towards the surface and M 7 C 3 , poorer in chromium, towards the metal substrate.
- M indicates a metal such as iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), etc ...
- the surface film has a thickness between 12 and 18 microns, and a hardness level between 1200 and 1800 in the Vickers hardness scale. Chromium thus diffuses into steel over a depth generally close to 15 microns. In known methods, this pro. The chromization factor never exceeds 20 microns.
- a first solution for increasing the thickness and the toughness of the carbide layers can be constituted by an initial treatment phase consisting of a rapid rise in temperature, in particular in the range 600-900 ° C where usually precipitate M 7 C 3 carbides in the ferritic structure.
- an initial treatment phase consisting of a rapid rise in temperature, in particular in the range 600-900 ° C where usually precipitate M 7 C 3 carbides in the ferritic structure.
- such a solution would present risks with regard to the initiation of cracks and pitting during heating, in particular for parts made of relatively alloyed steels having geometries which are ill-suited to the high thermal stresses which would result from such a heating cycle.
- the present invention while applying the principle of chromizing the part in the austenitic phase, avoids the risks mentioned above by producing beforehand a nitrided layer, but without a combination layer, that is to say in such a way that it there is in no way the formation of a surface layer of iron and chromium nitrides. Indeed, a the surface layer of iron nitrides would remain relatively stable, even at high temperatures, and would constitute a real barrier opposing the diffusion of chromium, this barrier being reinforced by the formation of chromium nitrides linked to an additional supply of nitrogen.
- the subject of the present invention is an improvement to the chromisation processes, constituted by a process for chromisation of steels over a depth e greater than 40 microns, usable for steels having a carbon content at least equal to 0.2 %, in particular for structural steels and for tool steels, characterized by the combination of three successive treatments, the first of these three treatments consisting of ionic nitriding of a surface layer with a thickness between 100 and 350 microns, this ionic nitriding being carried out in an atmosphere constituted by a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen, at a temperature between 450 ° C and 650 ° C, for a period between 5 and 40 hours, so as to obtain between 1, 5% and 2.5% nitrogen in the nitrided layer, the second of these treatments consisting of chromium-forming chromium carbide gas formation, lasting between 5 and 30 hours, and reac linked to temperatures between 850 ° C.
- the third of these three treatments being a heat treatment comprising quenching with oil of the chromized part followed by tempering at a temperature between 600 ° C. and 650 ° C, lasting between 30 minutes and 10 hours depending on the size of the part treated.
- ionic nitriding forming the first of the three treatments and effecaée under nitrogen and hydrogen atmosphere is carried out under a partial nitrogen pressure at most equal to 1.5 millibar, and under a pressure total gaseous between 2 and 10 millibars.
- the chromization forming the second of the three treatments uses a pulverulent mixture based on ferro-chromium and amcnonium chloride, the latter representing by weight only 0.4% to 1 1 or powdered mixture, the ferro-ehrome powder preferably having a chromium content of between 50% and 75% and a particle size of between 0.5 millimeter and 4 millimeters, without aluminous binder ml magnesium.
- thermochemical treatments of metallic surfaces by ion bombardments and more particularly nitriding are based on properties of the electric discharge in rarefied gases, in the event of mixtures of nitrogen and hydrogen with possibly hydrocarbons.
- the reactive gas atmosphere can be chosen independently of the need for its pyrolitic cracking since its activation is obtained by ionization. It is therefore possible to adjust the partial pressure of nitrogen so that the phase or phases provided for by the binary iron-nitrogen balance diagram are superficially formed.
- one of the main advantages of the invention consists, thanks to ionic nitriding, in obtaining a nitrided layer without a combination layer, that is to say without iron and chromium nitrides, in a reliable and repetitive manner by adjusting the partial pressure of nitrogen as a function of the treatment temperature and the chemical composition of the steel . So, without risk of spalling, the surface steel can quickly pass into the austenitic phase at moderate temperature, because of a nitrogen content of the order of 1.5% to 2.5%.
- gas chromization can be carried out. at a greater depth, for example up to 50 microns and even more, and with the formation on the surface of a single type of carbonitrides, in Cr 2 (C, N), which causes a significant increase in the toughness of the coating.
- a chromium-molybdenum-vanadium steel of the type is treated 35CDV 12, therefore at 0.35% carbon, in order to obtain a chromization depth of 50 microns.
- the ionic nitriding which constitutes the first of the three successive treatments according to the invention is carried out here in a metal enclosure provided with heat shields and cooled by circulation of water, which enclosure constitutes the anode connected to earth.
- the electrical parameters are chosen in such a way that the current increases with the direct voltage produced by the generator and that the sample to be nitrided which constitutes the cathode is covered by the corona corresponding to the abnormal discharge regime.
- the gaseous ions are formed and accelerated towards the sample and cause it to heat up, which is continued until the temperature chosen to carry out the rmochemical treatment.
- the temperature regulation is obtained using a thermocouple protected by an alumina sheath and placed in the sample in. conditions which avoid arcing.
- the pressure at which the thermochemical treatment is carried out is generally between 2.5 and 8.0 millibar; a primary pump is sufficient to create the initial vacuum and then to allow the renewal of the nitriding gas near the sample.
- the nitriding gas mixture is composed of nitrogen and hydrogen.
- the partial pressures of nitrogen P N for which a solid solution of nitrogen is obtained in the ferrite network are between 0.1 and 0.5 millibar.
- the temperature is set on average at 520 ° C and does not deviate from the range between 510 and 530 ° C. Leaving aside the rise in temperature and the setting the atmosphere to low pressure, the duration of ion nitriding at the right pressure and at the right temperature is 25 hours.
- the metal piece of CDV 12 steel 35 thus nitrided is then extracted from the ion nitriding furnace and introduced into a case-hardening box which will carry out the second treatment according to the invention, which is gas chromization.
- the cementing agent used is a powder made up of 99.5% ferro-chromium with 60/70% chromium and for 0.5% ammonium chloride, without alumina or magnesia. This powder has a particle size between 0.5 and 4 mm, with an average size close to 2.7 mm. This powder is placed in the bottom of the case-hardening box, which has the shape of a vertical cylinder, and it is covered by a partition on which the piece of steel to be chromized is placed. At the top of the case-hardening box there is a ferro-chromium reserve in a basket used for the direct regeneration of the active vapor of chromium chloride CrCl 2 . Introduced hydrogen creates a reducing atmosphere.
- the enclosure is brought to an average temperature of 950 ° C, not deviating from the range 920 ° C-980 ° C, for a period of 20 hours.
- the ferrous chloride vapors from reaction (1) react on the chromium reserve placed at the top of the body, which regenerates gaseous chromium chloride CrCl 2 which participates in the chromization according to (1).
- the chromized part undergoes the third treatment according to the invention, that is to say that it is extracted from the case hardening box, it is immediately soaked in oil , then it is introduced into a tempering oven maintained at a temperature of the order of 625 ° C., for 2 hours.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT79400724T ATE1529T1 (de) | 1978-10-25 | 1979-10-08 | Verbesserung der inchromierung von stahl in der gasphase. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7830308A FR2439824A1 (fr) | 1978-10-25 | 1978-10-25 | Perfectionnement dans la chromisation des aciers par voie gazeuse |
| FR7830308 | 1978-10-25 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0010484A1 true EP0010484A1 (de) | 1980-04-30 |
| EP0010484B1 EP0010484B1 (de) | 1982-09-08 |
Family
ID=9214133
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP79400724A Expired EP0010484B1 (de) | 1978-10-25 | 1979-10-08 | Verbesserung der Inchromierung von Stahl in der Gasphase |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4242151A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0010484B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPS6035989B2 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE1529T1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE2963643D1 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2439824A1 (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA795719B (de) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0018263A1 (de) * | 1979-04-20 | 1980-10-29 | Aubert et Duval S.A. | Verfahren zum Verchromen von Stahlgegenständen und mit einem Chromdiffusionsüberzug versehene Stahlgegenstände |
| EP0043742A1 (de) * | 1980-05-29 | 1982-01-13 | Creusot-Loire | Verfahren zum Inchromieren von Stählen über die Gasphase |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4818351A (en) * | 1986-07-30 | 1989-04-04 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Method for the surface treatment of an iron or iron alloy article |
| FR2604188B1 (fr) * | 1986-09-18 | 1992-11-27 | Framatome Sa | Element tubulaire en acier inoxydable presentant une resistance a l'usure amelioree |
| GB2204327B (en) * | 1987-05-01 | 1991-07-31 | Nii Tekh Avtomobil Promy | Deposition of diffusion carbide coatings on iron-carbon alloy articles |
| JP3023222B2 (ja) * | 1991-08-31 | 2000-03-21 | 大同ほくさん株式会社 | 硬質オーステナイト系ステンレスねじおよびその製法 |
| US5460875A (en) * | 1990-10-04 | 1995-10-24 | Daidousanso Co., Ltd. | Hard austenitic stainless steel screw and a method for manufacturing the same |
| US5226975A (en) * | 1991-03-20 | 1993-07-13 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | Plasma nitride chromium plated coating method |
| KR100503497B1 (ko) * | 2002-11-25 | 2005-07-26 | 한국기계연구원 | 크롬도금층의 내식성 및 내마모성을 향상시키는 열처리방법 |
| CN1300445C (zh) * | 2003-12-26 | 2007-02-14 | 东方汽轮机厂 | 一种汽轮机高温叶片及其热处理工艺 |
| JP4488840B2 (ja) * | 2004-08-30 | 2010-06-23 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 硬質窒化物層の形成方法、並びにこの形成方法により得られたローラーチェーン及びサイレントチェーン |
| DE102005041080A1 (de) * | 2004-08-31 | 2006-03-16 | Tochigi Fuji Sangyo K.K. | Reibeingriffsvorrichtung |
| US9598761B2 (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2017-03-21 | The Gillette Company | Strengthened razor blade |
| JP6637231B2 (ja) * | 2014-10-07 | 2020-01-29 | エア・ウォーターＮｖ株式会社 | 金属の表面改質方法および金属製品 |
| US11396692B2 (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2022-07-26 | Fluid Controls Private Limited | Method of heat treating an article |
| CN112575333A (zh) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-30 | 江西铜印象文化创意有限公司 | 一种铜工艺品除杂式表面热处理工艺 |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU176152A1 (ru) * | Ю. Н. Грибоедов | Способ комбинированной химико-термической обработки стальных деталей | ||
| US1902503A (en) * | 1930-05-29 | 1933-03-21 | Gen Electric | Process for coating metals |
| US2046638A (en) * | 1932-04-22 | 1936-07-07 | Link Belt Co | Process of treating metal |
| FR1410647A (fr) * | 1964-10-05 | 1965-09-10 | Formsprag Co | Procédé de durcissement des surfaces frottantes et nouveaux produits industriels obtenus |
| US3256818A (en) * | 1955-11-26 | 1966-06-21 | Berghaus Bernhard | Method of reducing barrel wear |
| DE1521325A1 (de) * | 1966-04-13 | 1969-07-24 | Berghaus Elektrophysik Anst | Verfahren zur Gewinnung von verschleissfesten Gleitflaechen mit guten Einlaufeigenschaften auf Werkstuecken aus Eisen und Stahl |
| FR1590009A (de) * | 1967-10-26 | 1970-04-06 | ||
| FR95448E (fr) * | 1967-06-27 | 1970-11-06 | Ct Stephanois De Rech Mecaniqu | Traitement de surface pour pieces mécaniques. |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3190772A (en) * | 1960-02-10 | 1965-06-22 | Berghaus Bernhard | Method of hardening work in an electric glow discharge |
| US3282746A (en) * | 1963-11-18 | 1966-11-01 | Formsprag Co | Method of hardening wear surfaces and product |
| GB1318887A (en) * | 1969-10-31 | 1973-05-31 | Lucas Industries Ltd | Method of manufacturing high strength extruded steel components |
| CH519588A (de) * | 1970-02-13 | 1972-02-29 | Berghaus Elektrophysik Anst | Verfahren zur Bearbeitung eines Werkstückes mittels einer Glimmentladung und Apparatur zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
-
1978
- 1978-10-25 FR FR7830308A patent/FR2439824A1/fr active Granted
-
1979
- 1979-10-08 EP EP79400724A patent/EP0010484B1/de not_active Expired
- 1979-10-08 DE DE7979400724T patent/DE2963643D1/de not_active Expired
- 1979-10-08 AT AT79400724T patent/ATE1529T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-10-24 US US06/087,954 patent/US4242151A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1979-10-25 ZA ZA00795719A patent/ZA795719B/xx unknown
- 1979-10-25 JP JP54138239A patent/JPS6035989B2/ja not_active Expired
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU176152A1 (ru) * | Ю. Н. Грибоедов | Способ комбинированной химико-термической обработки стальных деталей | ||
| US1902503A (en) * | 1930-05-29 | 1933-03-21 | Gen Electric | Process for coating metals |
| US2046638A (en) * | 1932-04-22 | 1936-07-07 | Link Belt Co | Process of treating metal |
| US3256818A (en) * | 1955-11-26 | 1966-06-21 | Berghaus Bernhard | Method of reducing barrel wear |
| FR1410647A (fr) * | 1964-10-05 | 1965-09-10 | Formsprag Co | Procédé de durcissement des surfaces frottantes et nouveaux produits industriels obtenus |
| DE1521325A1 (de) * | 1966-04-13 | 1969-07-24 | Berghaus Elektrophysik Anst | Verfahren zur Gewinnung von verschleissfesten Gleitflaechen mit guten Einlaufeigenschaften auf Werkstuecken aus Eisen und Stahl |
| FR95448E (fr) * | 1967-06-27 | 1970-11-06 | Ct Stephanois De Rech Mecaniqu | Traitement de surface pour pieces mécaniques. |
| FR1590009A (de) * | 1967-10-26 | 1970-04-06 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| SOVIET INVENTION ILLUSTRATED, Derwent publication, London, 1966, Juin; 7, metallurgy, page 8. & SU - A - 176 152 (Yu. N. GRIBOEDOV). * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0018263A1 (de) * | 1979-04-20 | 1980-10-29 | Aubert et Duval S.A. | Verfahren zum Verchromen von Stahlgegenständen und mit einem Chromdiffusionsüberzug versehene Stahlgegenstände |
| EP0043742A1 (de) * | 1980-05-29 | 1982-01-13 | Creusot-Loire | Verfahren zum Inchromieren von Stählen über die Gasphase |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2963643D1 (en) | 1982-10-28 |
| US4242151A (en) | 1980-12-30 |
| EP0010484B1 (de) | 1982-09-08 |
| JPS5558366A (en) | 1980-05-01 |
| JPS6035989B2 (ja) | 1985-08-17 |
| ATE1529T1 (de) | 1982-09-15 |
| FR2439824B1 (de) | 1981-05-08 |
| FR2439824A1 (fr) | 1980-05-23 |
| ZA795719B (en) | 1980-10-29 |
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