EP0010311B1 - Formgewebe für die Papierherstellung - Google Patents

Formgewebe für die Papierherstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0010311B1
EP0010311B1 EP79104064A EP79104064A EP0010311B1 EP 0010311 B1 EP0010311 B1 EP 0010311B1 EP 79104064 A EP79104064 A EP 79104064A EP 79104064 A EP79104064 A EP 79104064A EP 0010311 B1 EP0010311 B1 EP 0010311B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
strands
warp
weft
fabric
strand
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Expired
Application number
EP79104064A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0010311A1 (de
Inventor
John G. Buchanan
Donald G. Macbean
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Jwi Ltd
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Jwi Ltd
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Application filed by Jwi Ltd filed Critical Jwi Ltd
Publication of EP0010311A1 publication Critical patent/EP0010311A1/de
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
    • D21F1/0036—Multi-layer screen-cloths

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a paper forming fabric having two, upper and lower, layers of synthetic weft strands interwoven with synthetic warp strands to form a regularly repeating weave pattern having approximately 100% warp fill.
  • Forming fabrics for paper making machines should provide uniform support for the fibres of the pulp stock so that marking of the formed web of paper by aberrations at the supporting surface will be minimised.
  • the fabrics must be stable in the plane of the cloth, flexible at least in the machine direction, resist stretching, resist wear and at the same time provide sufficient drainage capacity.
  • Duplex fabrics are woven with 100% warp fill or greater and, due to the nature of the weave, inevitably have an uneven surface that tends to leave a characteristic and objectionable mark on the surface of the paper, moreover, no amount of stretching during heat setting will alleviate this objectionable sheet marking condition, but, in fact, will generally make it worse.
  • Warp fill is defined as the amount of warp in a given space relative to the total space considered. For example, 50% warp fill means that 50% of the space in the weft direction is taken up by warp.
  • a 68 mesh fabric i.e. 68 warp strands per inch of width (2677 strands per metre)
  • 0.008 inch diameter (0.20 mm) warp strands would have a warp fill factor of Warp fill can be over 100% when there are more warp strands jammed into the available space than the space can dimensionally accommodate in a single plane.
  • Fabrics having a nominal warp fill of approximately 100% will generally have an actual calculated warp fill of from 90% to 125%. Values over 100% are brought about by crowding and lateral undulation of the warp strands.
  • duplex forming fabrics are disclosed in FR-A-23 42 368.
  • the upper surface of the fabric has a plurality of knuckles formed by the interwoven weft and warp strands with the knuckles being essentially tangent to the plane of the fabric on which the paper is to be formed.
  • the upper layer of the fabric comprises a regular array of mesh openings which are spaced apart in the weft direction by a distance not greater than the thickness of a single warp strand lying between them and in the warp direction by a distance not greater than the thickness of a single weft strand lying between them.
  • Each said mesh opening is defined by the spacing between adjacent upper weft strands and by the spacing between warp strands which are held separated within the body of the fabric by at least one intervening warp strand.
  • the particular aim of these dryer fabrics is to reduce sheet marking by having each weft on the upper layer float over at least 80% of the warp strands it crosses.
  • a paper forming fabric having two, upper and lower, layers of synthetic weft strands interwoven with synthetic warp strands to form a regularly repeating weave pattern having approximately 100% warp fill, the upper surface of the fabric having a plurality of knuckles formed by said interwoven weft and warp strands, said knuckles being essentially tangent to the plane of the fabric on which the paper is to be formed, wherein the upper layer of the said fabric comprises a regular array of mesh
  • the mesh openings are formed by intervening warp strands which are woven with the lower layer weft strands only directly improves the drainage through the upper and lower layers of the fabric. Secondly, it ensures a shallower crimp of these intervening warp strands which directly stabilises the fabric against stretching in the machine direction and improves the strength of the fabric and its resistance to wear. Finally, it contributes to the provision of a surface pattern at the top surface of the forming fabric which reduces marking of paper produced on the fabric.
  • weft strands in a lower layer of the fabric are duplexed, at the most, under every second weft strand in the upper layer.
  • This arrangement allows better drainage through the thickness of the fabric.
  • the intervening warp strands are woven only with the lower layer of weft strands assists in producing an even shallower crimp of these warp strands. This even shallower crimp results in further stabilisation of a fabric against stretching in the machine direction and increases knuckle length in a lower surface of the fabric which increases wear resistance.
  • top surface warp strands are woven with upper layer weft strands only. This produces a further stabilisation of the fabric against stretching in the machine direction and improves the support of the pulp stock.
  • FR-A-11 92 331 It is admittedly known from FR-A-11 92 331 to provide a duplex fabric for a paper making machine in which certain warp strands are woven with the lower layer weft strands only.
  • FR-A-1 92 331 relates to a dryer fabric and there are significant differences in the demands placed on a forming fabric and a dryer fabric.
  • a dryer fabric preferably has some of the characteristics of a forming fabric, such as for example, sufficient tensile strength to prevent stretching, resistance to corrosive elements in the pulp stock and a reasonably smooth surface, it does not have to be particularly sensitive in respect to drainage capacity nor does it have to have a pulp supporting surface that is substantially monoplane, i.e. in which both the warp and weft knuckles on the pulp supporting surface are essentially tangent to the plane of the fabric. Furthermore, while a dryer fabric is subjected to much higher temperatures it does not pass over as many stationary elements, such as foils and suction boxes, and is therefore not subject to abrasive wear to the same extent as forming fabrics. These characteristic differences are reflected in the different manner in which the two types of fabric are woven and especially in the materials used. For example, it would not be practical to make a forming fabric of cotton and asbestos.
  • FR-A-11 1 92 331 discloses warp strands which are woven with lower layer weft strands only, there is no indication that the upper surface of the fabric would comprise a regular array of mesh openings. In fact, with warp strands taken in the order as shown in FR-A-1 92331, some warp strands will directly cross each other between consecutive top layer wefts which results in blockages and not in the desired array of mesh openings.
  • a further duplex fabric is disclosed in US-A-22 37 115.
  • This fabric is again a dryer fabric rather than a forming fabric.
  • core warps are present between the upper and lower layers of weft strands and are not interwoven with either.
  • Figs. 2 to 4 show the weave patterns in a simplified manner in order that they may be more easily visualized.
  • the upper and lower layers of weft will lie closer together as the warp strands weaving the one layer interdigitate with the adjacent warp strands weaving the other layer.
  • the upper knuckles of the warp and weft strands will lie, in all embodiments, substantially coplaner with the top surface of the fabric.
  • Figs. 2B, 3B and 4B the strand knuckles have been indicated by ovals to represent where they might lie substantially tangent to the top plane of the fabric, thus illustrating a slightly worn condition for the sake of clarity.
  • Representative mesh openings are indicated at R, X and Y, signifying openings equivalent to approximately one, three and five warp diameters respectively, in the weft direction.
  • S in Fig. 2B signifies an unusual twinned opening peculiar to the 4 shaft 8 repeat pattern.
  • Fig. 1 which illustrates a conventional forming section of a Fourdrinier paper making machine
  • the upper run of fabric 1 moves in a direction from the breast roll 2 to the couch roll 3, as indicated by arrow 4.
  • the fabric passes from the breast roll 2 over a forming board 8, over foils 9, and then over suction boxes 10 before passing around the couch roll 3.
  • the lower or return run of the fabric 1 is supported by return rolls 5 and passes over a guide roll 6 and a tensioning roll 7.
  • Pulp stock is supplied to the upper surface of fabric 1 by means of a headbox 11 through a slice orifice 12.
  • the fabric 1 is driven by the couch roll 3 at speeds up to 900 meters per minute or more and at tensile loads that may surpass 14 kg per linear cm, of fabric width. It will be appreciated therefore that the fabric 1 must be strong and flexible yet have good dimensional stability and at the same time provide adequate and uniform support for the fibres of the pulp stock that are forming the sheet of paper. The fabric 1 must also have good drainage capacity to permit removal of water from the pulp stock at a high rate.
  • Fig. 2A to 2F show a 4 shaft 8 repeat pattern duplex fabric.
  • a set of weft strands 1 to 8, repeating as 1', 2', 3' etcetera is shown in cross-section and warp strands 30, 31 32, 33, repeating as 30', 31', 32' and 33' are shown as they are woven in each repeated pattern of four consecutive warp strands.
  • Weft strands 1 and 5 in each set are duplexed by weft strands 2 and 6 respectively and there are no weft strands under 3, 4, 7 and 8 in each set.
  • Warp strands 30 and 32 weave both the upper layer and the lower layer weft strands while warp strands 31 and 33 weave only the lower layer weft strands.
  • warp strand 30 passes over weft strands 1 and 2, under 3, over 4 under 5 and 6, over 7 and under 8 and then repeats the sequence.
  • the next warp strand 31 weaves only the bottom weft strands, passing between weft strands 1 and 2 under 3, 4, 5 and 6, 7 and 8 then repeats the sequence.
  • Warp strand 32 weaves both upper and lower weft strands in the same pattern as warp strand 30 but weaving under weft strands 1 and 2 instead of 5 and 6.
  • Warp strand 33 weaves only the lower weft strands in the same manner as warp strand 31 but over and under alternate lower weft strands.
  • warp strands 30 and 32 whose knuckles appear on the upper surface, will be held separated by warp strand 31, and, similarly, warp strands 32 and 30', whose knuckles also appear on the upper surface, will be held separated by warp strand 33.
  • the weft strands form knuckles at the upper surface where they cross over warp strands which lie within the body of the fabric.
  • the upper layer of the fabric thus contains regularly spaced mesh openings surrounded by spaced weft knuckles and spaced warp knuckles. Each of these openings is encompassed i.e.
  • Figs. 3A to 3H show an 8 shaft 16 repeat pattern duplex fabric, which is another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Weft strands 1, 5, 9 and 13 in each set are duplexed by 2, 6, 10 and 14 respectively and there are no weft strands located under upper weft strands 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15 and 16.
  • Warp strands 40, 42, 44 and 46 all weave both the upper and lower layer weft strands in the same manner. That is, as seen in the case of warp strand 40, over weft strands 1 and 2, under weft strands 3 and 4, between weft strands 5 and 6, over 7, under 8, 9, 10 and 11 over 12 then between 13 and 14 and under 15 and 16 before repeating the sequence. Warp strands 41, 43, 45 and 47 weave only over and under the lower layer weft strands 2, 6, 10 and 14 shown. As in the case of the 4 shaft 8 repeat pattern of Figs. 2A to 2F, the warp strands 40, 42, 44 and 46 whose knuckles appear on the upper surface, as shown in Fig.
  • the upper layer of the fabric contains regularly spaced mesh openings that are separated in the weft direction by a single warp strand and in the warp direction by a single weft strand.
  • Figs. 4A to 4F show an 8 shaft 6 repeat pattern duplex fabric which is yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a set ot weft strands 1 to 6, repeating at 1' to 6' and again as 1", 2" etcetera is shown in Fig. 4A in cross section.
  • Warp strands 50 to 57 are shown as they are woven in each repeated pattern of eight consecutive warp strands.
  • Weft strands 2 and 5 are duplexed by weft strands 3 and 6 respectively and there are no weft strands under weft strands 1 and 4 in each set.
  • Warp strand 50 weaves only the top layer of weft strands passing over 1, between 2 and 3 under 4, between 5 and 6 and over 1' to repeat the sequence.
  • Warp strand 51 weaves only the lower weft strands, passing under weft strands 1, 2, 3 and 4, between 5 and 6 then under 1', 2', 3' etcetera to repeat the sequence.
  • Warp strand 52 weaves both upper and lower weft strands passing under 1, over 2 and 3, under 4, under 5 and 6 and under 1' to repeat the sequence.
  • Warp strand 53 weaves only the lower weft strands alternately with warp strand 51.
  • Warp strand 54 weaves only the upper weft strands following the pattern of warp strand 50 but commencing over weft strand 4.
  • Warp strand 55 is next in sequence and weaves only the lower weft strands in the same manner as warp strand 51.
  • Warp 56 weaves both upper and lower weft strands in the same pattern as warp strand 52 but passes first over weft strands 5 and 6.
  • Warp strand 57 weaves only the lower weft strands in the same manner as warp strand 53. It will be seen in Fig. 4B that the warp strands whose knuckles appear on the upper surface of the fabric are held separated in the weft direction by the alternate warp strands that weave only the lower weft strands thus producing an array of regularly spaced mesh openings at the upper layer of the fabric as shown at R and Y. The openings, as in the other embodiments of the invention, are separated in the weft direction by a single warp strand. Again, the advantage of the fewer number of weft strands in the lower level is apparent.
  • the pattern of Figs. 4A to 4F may be modified by having strands 50 and 54 each weaving alternate upper weft strands in the manner of plain weave instead of over one upper weft strand and under the next three upper weft strands as shown. This modification would provide a denser knuckle pattern on the upper surface without impairing drainage.
  • the lower weft strands might be different in diameter than the upper weft strands. Further, the lower weft strands might be of different synthetic material then the upper weft strands and both upper and lower weft strands might be of different material from the material of the warp.
  • warp and/or weft strands that have other than a circular cross-section.
  • the configuration of the upper surface of the fabric of this invention can be plain weave, 3 shaft twill, 4 shaft twill, 4 shaft satin weave or any other known configuration.

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  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Claims (3)

1. Formgewebe für die Papierherstellung mit je einer oberen und einer unteren Schicht aus synthetischen Schußfäden (Schußfäden der oberen Schicht 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8; 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16; 1, 2, 4, 5; Schußfäden der unteren Schicht 2, 6; 2, 6, 10, 14; 3, 6), die zur Bildung eines sich regelmäßig wiederholenden Webmusters mit annähernd 100% Kettdichte mit synthetischen Kettfäden (30-33; 40-47; 50-57) verwebt sind, mit einer Vielzahl von durch die verwebten Schußund Kettfäden gebildeten Kuppen an der oberen Fläche des Gewebes, die im wesentlichen tangential zu der Gewebeebene liegen, auf der das Papier geformt wird, wobei die untere Schicht des Gewebes eine regelmäßige Anordnung von Maschenöffnungen (R, S; R, X, Y; R, Y) enthält, welche in Schußrichtung keinen größeren Abstand als die Stärke eines einzelnen, dazwischenliegenden Kettfadens (30, 32; 40, 42, 44, 46; 50, 52, 54, 56) aufweisen und in Kettrichtung keinen größeren Abstand als die Stärke eines einzelnen dazwischenliegenden Schußfadens ( 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8; 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16; 1, 2, 4, 5) und wobei die Maschenöffnungen (R, S; R, X, Y; R, Y) durch den Abstand zwischen benachbarten oberen Schußfäden (R=7, 8, S=4, 5; R=8, 9, X=4, 5, Y=5, 7; R=2', 4', Y=1', 2') und durch den Abstand zwischen Kettfäden (R=32, 30', S=30, 30'; R=44, 46, X=42, 46, Y=42, 40'; R=52, 54, Y=52, 50') bestimmt sind, welche innerhalb des Gewebekörpers durch mindestens einen zwischenlaufenden Kettfaden (R=33; S=31, 33; R=45, X=43, 45, Y=43, 45, 47; R=53, Y=53, 55, 57) getrennt gehalten sind, durch gekennzeichnet, daß der mindestens eine zwischenlaufende Kettfaden (R=33, S=31, 33; R=45, X=43, 45, Y=43, 45, 47; R=53, X=43, 55, 57) nur mit den Schußfäden der unteren Schicht (2, 6; 2, 6, 10, 14; 3, 6) verwebt ist und sich in seiner ganzen Länge unterhalb der oberen Schicht von Schußfäden (1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8; 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16; 1, 2, 4, 5) erstreckt.
2. Formgewebe für die Papierherstellung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schußfäden (2, 6; 2, 6, 10, 14; 3, 6) in einer unteren Schicht des Gewebes gedoppelt sind, jedoch höchstens unter jedem zweiten Schußfaden (1, 5; 1, 5, 9, 13; 2, 5) in der oberen Schicht.
3. Formgewebe für die Papierherstellung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß einige der an der oberen Fläche verlaufenden Kettfäden (50, 54) nur mit Schußfäden (1, 2, 4, 5) der oberen Schicht verwebt sind.
EP79104064A 1978-10-23 1979-10-19 Formgewebe für die Papierherstellung Expired EP0010311B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US95392878A 1978-10-23 1978-10-23
US953928 1978-10-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0010311A1 EP0010311A1 (de) 1980-04-30
EP0010311B1 true EP0010311B1 (de) 1983-09-21

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ID=25494735

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79104064A Expired EP0010311B1 (de) 1978-10-23 1979-10-19 Formgewebe für die Papierherstellung

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0010311B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5580590A (de)
AU (1) AU529059B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1110953A (de)
DE (1) DE2966198D1 (de)
FI (1) FI793140A (de)
NO (1) NO152140C (de)
NZ (1) NZ191731A (de)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3036409C2 (de) * 1980-09-26 1983-01-20 Hermann Wangner Gmbh & Co Kg, 7410 Reutlingen Doppellagiges Sieb für den Siebteil einer Papiermaschine
SE430425C (sv) * 1981-06-23 1986-09-19 Nordiskafilt Ab Formeringsvira for pappers-, cellulosa- eller liknande maskiner
SE441016B (sv) * 1982-04-26 1985-09-02 Nordiskafilt Ab Formeringsvira for pappers-, cellulosa- eller liknande maskiner
EP0224276B1 (de) * 1986-05-06 1990-03-28 Hermann Wangner GmbH & Co. KG Bespannung für den Blattbildungsteil einer Papiermaschine
DE3635632A1 (de) * 1986-10-20 1988-04-21 Wangner Gmbh Co Kg Hermann Bespannung fuer den blattbildungsteil einer papiermaschine
GB8706552D0 (en) * 1987-03-19 1987-04-23 Scapa Porrtitt Ltd Papermachine &c clothing
JP2715097B2 (ja) * 1988-06-09 1998-02-16 日本フイルコン株式会社 緯糸摩耗型製紙用織物
FI89819C (fi) * 1992-02-24 1993-11-25 Tamfelt Oy Ab Torkvira foer pappersmaskin
US5421374A (en) * 1993-10-08 1995-06-06 Asten Group, Inc. Two-ply forming fabric with three or more times as many CMD yarns in the top ply than in the bottom ply
EP0889160B1 (de) * 1997-07-02 2003-02-05 Andreas Kufferath GmbH & Co. KG Papiermaschinensieb
DE102006016660C5 (de) * 2006-04-08 2009-09-03 Andreas Kufferath Gmbh & Co Kg Oberseite, insbesondere Papierseite, sowie Papiermaschinensieb

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1310150A (de) * 1963-03-06
GB322631A (en) * 1928-11-23 1929-12-12 Thomas Hindle Improvements in paper makers' dryer felts
FR680722A (fr) * 1929-08-23 1930-05-05 Perfectionnements aux feutres sécheurs pour machines à papier
US2237115A (en) * 1939-05-16 1941-04-01 William E Hooper & Sons Compan Drier felt
US2589765A (en) * 1950-02-17 1952-03-18 Orr Felt Blanket Company Web carrier and method of making
FR1192331A (fr) * 1956-12-06 1959-10-26 Scapa Dryers Ltd Perfectionnements aux feutres de séchage pour papeterie
US3143150A (en) * 1961-10-18 1964-08-04 William E Buchanan Fabric for fourdrinier machines
US4071050A (en) * 1972-09-01 1978-01-31 Nordiska Maskinfilt Aktiebolaget Double-layer forming fabric
SE385486B (sv) * 1974-10-10 1976-07-05 Nordiska Maskinfilt Ab Formeringsvira for pappers-, cellulosa- eller liknande maskiner samt sett att framstella densamma
SE397371C (sv) * 1976-02-24 1980-08-18 Nordiska Maskinfilt Ab Formeringsvira for pappers-, cellulosa- eller liknande maskiner
NZ188692A (en) * 1977-10-28 1982-03-30 Jwi Ltd Dryer fabric for paper making machine machine direction strands have flattened cross-section

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO152140C (no) 1985-08-07
NZ191731A (en) 1982-11-23
AU529059B2 (en) 1983-05-26
JPS5580590A (en) 1980-06-17
AU5144979A (en) 1980-05-01
NO793388L (no) 1980-04-24
NO152140B (no) 1985-04-29
FI793140A (fi) 1980-04-24
EP0010311A1 (de) 1980-04-30
CA1110953A (en) 1981-10-20
DE2966198D1 (en) 1983-10-27

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