EP0009424B1 - Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Transportieren und Verpacken von Schadstoffen in einen dichten Behälter - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Transportieren und Verpacken von Schadstoffen in einen dichten Behälter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0009424B1
EP0009424B1 EP79400583A EP79400583A EP0009424B1 EP 0009424 B1 EP0009424 B1 EP 0009424B1 EP 79400583 A EP79400583 A EP 79400583A EP 79400583 A EP79400583 A EP 79400583A EP 0009424 B1 EP0009424 B1 EP 0009424B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sleeve
stopper
lock
fluid
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79400583A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0009424A1 (de
Inventor
René Goutard
Raymond Levardon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA filed Critical Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Publication of EP0009424A1 publication Critical patent/EP0009424A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0009424B1 publication Critical patent/EP0009424B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F7/00—Shielded cells or rooms
    • G21F7/005—Shielded passages through walls; Locks; Transferring devices between rooms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S422/00—Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing
    • Y10S422/903—Radioactive material apparatus

Definitions

  • the present invention due to the work of René GOUTARD and Raymond LEVARON of the AUTOMATISME et TECHNIQUE company, relates to a transfer and conditioning device in a sealed sheath, of contaminating products, such as radioactive products, avoiding that the necessary operating process this sheathing results in contamination of the environment.
  • the invention also relates to a method for implementing this device.
  • the contaminating products about which such problems arise may for example be radioactive products, and in particular nuclear fuels which, after their use in nuclear reactors, must be transported to a reprocessing plant. But it can also be chemically or biologically active products, the ingestion or only contact of which presents a danger even at low doses.
  • the object of the present invention is to create a device and a method making it possible to effectively solve, by simple means, the problems mentioned above, whether they are radioactive products or chemical or biologically active products.
  • the subject of the invention is a device for transferring a harmful product through an airlock secured to a sealed partition and for packaging this product in a sealed sheath, characterized in that it comprises a sleeve comprising a central recess establishing a sealed communication with respect to the environment between the airlock and said sheath, and a double-bottomed plug disposed in the recess to prevent this communication, the plug and the sleeve being designed to be securely joined together, then cut simultaneously so as to seal the airlock and said sheath separately by means of each of the plug bottoms.
  • the sleeve comprises an external groove perpendicular to its axis and the stopper comprises an internal groove perpendicular to its axis and disposed between its two bottoms, said grooves being substantially the same width and arranged normally. in the same radial plane, the external surface of the plug being capable of being made tightly integral with the internal surface of the recess formed in the plug around the entire periphery of this surface and over a distance, measured parallel to the axis of the sleeve, projecting on both sides of said grooves.
  • each of the plug bottoms comprises a gripping means arranged on the side opposite to the sheath when the plug is in place in the sleeve.
  • the sleeve is capable of being tightly connected to the sheath by one of its ends, and it comprises at its other end an external flange in which is formed a groove receiving a annular seal capable of sealingly engaging the internal wall of the airlock.
  • the sleeve may then comprise an external strip of the same diameter as the collar and placed at a certain distance from the latter, the strip being capable of coming to bear against a latching means associated with the airlock.
  • the groove formed on the sleeve is then placed between the strip and the end of the sleeve capable of being connected to the sheath.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 1 denotes a sleeve connected in a strictly sealed manner to a sheath 2.
  • the sleeve 1 and the sheath 2 are assumed to be bodies of revolution having the axis of symmetry as the x axis. -x '. It is however possible to conceive, without departing from the scope of the invention, shapes of sleeve and sheath different from those shown and which, in particular do not have symmetry of revolution.
  • FIG. 1 denotes a sleeve connected in a strictly sealed manner to a sheath 2.
  • the sleeve 1 and the sheath 2 are assumed to be bodies of revolution having the axis of symmetry as the x axis. -x '. It is however possible to conceive, without departing from the scope of the invention, shapes of sleeve and sheath different from those shown and which, in particular do not have symmetry of revolution.
  • the wall of the sealed sheath 2 has only been represented by a solid continuous line, because this sheath, intended to receive the contaminating products to be transferred, is not strictly speaking part of the device according to the invention and n 'is discussed in what follows that due to its connection, strictly sealed, with the sleeve 1 forming, meanwhile, part of this device.
  • the sleeve 1 At its open end, opposite the sheath 2, the sleeve 1 has a flange 3, projecting radially outward perpendicularly to the axis xx 'and in which is formed a groove 4 to receive a seal 5. Between the flange 3 and the sheath 2, the sleeve 1 has an external strip 6, perpendicular to the axis xx 'and of the same external diameter as the flange 3. The role of this strip 6 is, as will be seen more far, to allow, in cooperation with the collar 3, the guide of the sleeve 1 in a cylindrical airlock.
  • the external face of the wall of the sleeve 1 has a groove 7, of determined depth, perpendicular to the axis xx 'of the sleeve.
  • the internal surface of the sleeve parallel to the axis x-x ' is smooth, cylindrical, and, in the case of the embodiment shown, its cross section is circular.
  • the device according to the invention comprises a plug 8 with double bottom 8 'and 8 ", capable of sliding with a small clearance inside the sleeve 1 along the axis xx' of the sleeve which constitutes also the axis of this plug.
  • the plug 8 has, on the internal face of its wall parallel to the axis xx', a groove 9, perpendicular to the axis xx 'and of determined depth, the width of which is preferably of the same order as that of the external groove 7 of the sleeve 1.
  • the plug 8 further comprises on each of its bottoms 8 'and 8 "respectively a gripping means 10', 10" projecting from the bottom side 8 'and 8 "opposite the sheath 2 when the plug 8 is in place in the sleeve 1.
  • the external peripheral surface of the plug 8, cylindrical and parallel to the axis x-x ', is smooth, and it is of a nature that, under conditions which will be described later, it can be rendered in all points integral, in a strictly sealed manner with the smooth internal face of the sleeve 1, the sealed connection zone thus obtained, measured in the direction of the axis x-x ', extending on either side of the grooves 7 and 9 made in the sleeve 1 and the plug 8.
  • FIGS. 3 to 12 show how the device which has just been described can be used to transfer contaminating products from a first contaminated cell, referenced in the figures by I, and to which the service personnel do not normally have access, and a second uncontaminated cell II, to which the service personnel have access.
  • FIGS. 3 to 4 the cell II is located below the cell I and they are separated from each other by a sealed floor 11.
  • an airlock 12 ensures communication between cell and cell II.
  • the inner end of this airlock is sealed by an assembly formed by the sealed assembly of the upper parts of a sleeve 1 and of a plug 8, identical to those described above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, and which was abandoned in this lower end of the airlock 12 during a previous operation of transferring a load of contaminating products from cell I into cell II.
  • This assembly is held in the airlock 12 by a latching means 14 cooperating with the strip 6 of the sleeve 1.
  • this assembly is guided in the airlock 12 on the one hand by the strip 6 of the sleeve 1 and on the other hand by the flange 3 of this same sleeve, the seal 5 placed in the groove 4 of this flange ensuring on the other hand the seal between this flange and the internal wall of the airlock 12, therefore the seal between the cells I and II (FIG. 3).
  • the sheath 2 is raised to introduce into the airlock 12 the upper end of the sleeve 1.
  • the progressively withdrawn assembly consisting of another sleeve 1 and another plug 8 and previously abandoned in the airlock 12.
  • This removal takes place by means of a handling means 15, not described in more detail since it is not part of the invention, and which suffices to say that it operates inside the contaminated cell I while being remotely controlled from the uncontaminated cell II.
  • This handling means engages with the gripping means 10 "fixed on the upper part of the plug 8 previously abandoned in the airlock 12.
  • the next step consists in removing from the new sleeve 1, which has just been introduced into the airlock 12, the new plug 8, in making it pass through the airlock 12, then in spreading it laterally in cell I to release the entrance to the airlock. These maneuvers are also carried out using the handling means 15 in engagement with the gripping means 10 "of the new plug 1 (FIG. 7).
  • a container 16 is brought into the contaminated cell I, in which the load of contaminating products to be transferred is located, above the airlock 12, then by passing it through this airlock and through the sleeve 1, it is deposited in the sheath 2.
  • the handling means 15 is engaged with a gripping means placed at the upper part of the container 16 (FIG. 8).
  • the plug 8 is then replaced in the sleeve 1 while maintaining it, by the handling means 15, in a position where the grooves 7 and 9 of the sleeve 1 and of the plug 8 are coincidental. In this position, and with the aid of a means, diagrammatically marked 17 in FIG. 20, the external surface of the plug is made at all points, at a height exceeding on either side of the grooves 7 and 9 8 and the internal surface of the sleeve 1, so as to create between these surfaces, over the entire area considered, an absolute seal.
  • the last step consists, after replacing the lifting means 13 under the sheath 2, to cut off the assembly formed by the sleeve 1 and the plug 8 of which it is integral, at the height of the grooves 7 and 9 (fig. 11) .
  • the means used to make the internal surface of the sleeve 1 and the external surface of the plug 8 rigidly sealed at all points, vary according to the case.
  • the means used is brazing.
  • the internal wall of the sleeve 1 as well as the external wall of the plug 8 are each hot coated with a homogeneous layer of brazing alloy adhering to these surfaces. Then these layers are corrected so as to allow the introduction of the plug 8 into the sleeve 1 with little play.
  • the internal surface of the layer of brazing alloy deposited on the sleeve with the external surface of the brazing alloy layer deposited on the plug when the latter occupies the location shown in FIG.
  • the brazing alloy is caused to melt by causing eddy currents to flow inside this alloy by creating a high frequency magnetic field using a loop located outside the sleeve 1. After the high frequency field has been interrupted , the brazing alloy solidifies again, producing an absolutely tight connection between the sleeve and the plug.
  • a solution using a sleeve 1, a sheath 2 and a plug 8 made of steel, as well as sealing by brazing is particularly suitable for transferring radioactive products whose temperature can be relatively high.
  • the plug 8 and possibly the sheath 2 are made of non-metallic materials, such as for example plastic, other means such as bonding, ultrasonic welding, etc. can be applied to obtain the tight connection at all points between the sleeve 1 and the plug 8.
  • the sectioning at the level of the grooves 7 and 9 of the integral assembly constituted by the sleeve 1 and the sheath 2 on the one hand, with the plug 8 on the other hand, can be carried out by any suitable means providing a cutting plane clean and smooth, for example by cutting wheels 18 as has been shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 2 and 11. This cutting-off means is not part of the invention.
  • the device and the method according to the invention make it possible, as we have just seen, to transfer contaminating products from a contaminated cell 1 into an uncontaminated cell tt without contamination of the transferred products or contamination of cell I can spread outside this cell.
  • possible contamination is located on a circumference in the cutting plane, at the location of the connection interface between the sleeve 1 and the plug 8 It is then easy to eliminate, by conventional decontamination means and well known per se, this slight possible contamination, which is strictly superficial.
  • the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments to which the description refers.
  • the relative arrangement of the sheath and of the sleeve, or else the relative arrangements of cells I and II may vary, as well as the shapes of the sheath, of the sleeve and of the plug, without thereby departing from the scope of the invention. , as defined by the claims.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)

Claims (11)

1. Vorrichtung zum Überführen eines schädlichen Produktes durch eine fest mit einer dichten Wand (11) verbundene Schleusenkammer (12) und zum Einbringen dieses Produktes in eine dichte Umhüllung (2), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung eine Hülse (1) mit einer mittigen Aussparung aufweist, welche zwischen der Schleusenkammer und der Umhüllung eine abdichtende Verbindung gegenüber der Umgebung bildet, und einen Stöpsel (8) mit einem doppelten Boden (8', 8") umfaßt, der diese Verbindung sperrt, wobei der Stöpsel und die Hülse vorgesehen sind, um in dichter Weise aneinander befestigt und dann gleichzeitig derart getrennt zu werden, um getrennt die Schleusenkammer (12) und die Umhüllung mittels eines jeden der Böden (8', 8") des Stöpsels zu verschließen.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hülse (1) einen senkrecht zu ihrer Achse verlaufenden, äußeren -Schlitz und der Stöpsel (8) einen senkrecht zu seiner Achse verlaufenden inneren, zwischen den zwei Böden (8', 8") angeordneten Schlitz aufweist, daß die Schlitze im wesentlichen die gleiche Breite haben und normalerweise in der gleichen radialen Ebene angeordnet sind, und daß die äußere Oberfläche des Stöpsels formschlüssig in dichter Weise mit der inneren, in dem Stöpsel ausgebildeten Aussparung über den gasamten Umfang dieser Fläche und längs einer Strecke gemacht werden kann, welche parallel zur Achse der Hülse gemessen ist und auf beiden Seiten über die Schlitze (7, "9) hinausgeht.
3. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder der Böden (8', 8") des Stöpsels ein Mittel (10', 10") zum Ergreifen aufweist, welches an der der Umhüllung (2) gegenüberliegenden Seite angeordnet ist, wenn sich der Stöpsel in der Hülse (1) befindet.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß die Hülse (1) mit einem ihrer Enden dicht mit der Umhüllung (2) verbindbar ist und daß sie an ihrem anderen Ende einen äußeren Flansch (3) aufweist, in dem eine Nut (4) zur Aufnahme eines Dichtungsringes (5) ausgebildet ist, welcher mit der Innenwandung der Schleusenkammer (12) in Dichtungseingriff bringbar ist.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hülse (1) einen äußeren Bund (6) mit dem gleichen Durchmesser wie der Flansch (3) und in einem gewissen Abstand von diesem aufweist, und daß der Bund in Abstützungsanlage an einem der Schleusenkammer (12) zugeordneten Sperrmittel (14) kommen kann.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5 und Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der in der Hülse (1) ausgebildete Schlitz (7) zwischen dem Bund (6) und dem mit der Umhüllung (2) verbindbaren Ende der Hülse angeordnet ist.
7. Verfahren zum Gebrauchen der Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, um in eine dichte Umhüllung (2) schädliche Produkte, die in einer Zelle enthalten sind, durch eine Schleusenkammer (12) hindurch zu überführen, welche mit der Wand (11) der Zelle verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verfahren die folgenden, aufeinanderfolgenden, Schritte umfaßt:
- man zieht in das Innere der Zelle die Gesamtheit zurück, welche durch dichtes Zusammenbauen der oberen Abschnitte einer ersten Hülse (1) und eines ersten, die Schleusenkammer (12) schließenden Stöpsels (8) gebildet ist, und man führt gleichzeitig das der Umhüllung gegenüberliegende Ende einer zweiten Hülse, welche durch einen zweiten Stöpsel (8) verschlossen und an einer Umhüllung (2) befestigt ist, ein, bis sich der Bund (6) im Inneren der Schleusenkammer (12) befindet, wo er durch ein Sperrmittel (14) gehalten ist,
- man zieht die die Schleusenkammer (12) schließende Gesamtheit vollkommen heraus und entfernt sie in seitlicher Richtung, um die Öffnung der in der Zelle mündenden Schleusenkammer freizugeben,
-man zieht den zweiten Stöpsel (8) der zweiten Hülse (1) in das Innere der Zelle zurück und man entfernt ihn in seitlicher Richtung, um die in der Zelle mündende Öffnung der Schleusenkammer (12) freizugeben,
man führt die schädlichen, in der Zelle enthaltenen, zu überführenden Produkte in die Umhüllung (2) ein, welche fest mit der zweiten Hülse (1) verbunden ist,
- man schließt die zweite Hülse (1) mit dem zweiten Stöpsel (8), wobei man dessen inneren Schlitz (9) in die gleiche radiale Ebene wie den äußeren Schlitz (7) der zweiten Hülse (1) bringt,
- man befestigt den zweiten Stöpsel (8) dicht an der zweiten Hülse (1), und
- man trennt die Gesamtheit, welche durch die zweite Hülse (1) und den zweiten Stöpsel (8) gebildet ist, längs einer durch die Schlitze (7, 9) hindurchgehenden, radialen Ebene.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man den zweiten Stöpsel (8) der zweiten Hülse (1) dicht verbindet, indem man das Zusammenfügen durch Warmlöten der in Berührung stehenden Oberflächen des Stöpsels und der Hülse durchführt, wobei diese Oberflächen vorhergehend mit einer Schicht aus einer Lötlegierung überzogen werden.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man den zweiten Stöpsel (8) der zweiten Hülse (1) fest verbindet, indem man durch magnetische Verformung die Hülse auf den Stöpsel einzieht.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zweite Stöpsel (8) der zweiten Hülse (1) dicht verbunden wird, indem eine Schweißung durch Ultraschall durchgeführt wird.
11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zweite Stöpsel (8) der zweiten Hülse (1) fest verbunden wird, indem eine Warmklebung zwischen den zwei in Berührung stehenden Oberflächen des Stöpsels und der Hülse durchgeführt wird, wobei diese Oberflächen vorhergehend mit einer Klebemittelschicht bedeckt worden sind.
EP79400583A 1978-08-25 1979-08-21 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Transportieren und Verpacken von Schadstoffen in einen dichten Behälter Expired EP0009424B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7824625 1978-08-25
FR7824625A FR2434464A1 (fr) 1978-08-25 1978-08-25 Dispositif et procede de transfert et de conditionnement dans une gaine etanche de produits nocifs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0009424A1 EP0009424A1 (de) 1980-04-02
EP0009424B1 true EP0009424B1 (de) 1982-12-01

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79400583A Expired EP0009424B1 (de) 1978-08-25 1979-08-21 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Transportieren und Verpacken von Schadstoffen in einen dichten Behälter

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4281691A (de)
EP (1) EP0009424B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5531994A (de)
DE (1) DE2964145D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2434464A1 (de)

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US4335712A (en) * 1979-03-26 1982-06-22 Trexler Philip C Isolation enclosure members
EP0080006B1 (de) * 1981-03-27 1986-05-28 Communaute Europeenne De L'energie Atomique (Euratom) Anordnung zum Schweissen von Kernbrennstoffstabzapfen
GB2116900B (en) * 1982-02-18 1985-06-05 Nat Nuclear Corp Ltd Dry storage of irradiated nuclear fuel
DE3324696C2 (de) * 1983-07-08 1986-05-15 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Wiederaufarbeitung von Kernbrennstoffen mbH, 3000 Hannover Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Befüllen eines Metallbehälters mit einer hochradioaktive Spaltprodukte enthaltenden Glasschmelze
DE3483828D1 (de) * 1983-09-28 1991-02-07 Hewlett Packard Co Verarbeitungssystem fuer integrierte schaltkreise.
US4532970A (en) * 1983-09-28 1985-08-06 Hewlett-Packard Company Particle-free dockable interface for integrated circuit processing
US4616683A (en) * 1983-09-28 1986-10-14 Hewlett-Packard Company Particle-free dockable interface for integrated circuit processing
US4534389A (en) * 1984-03-29 1985-08-13 Hewlett-Packard Company Interlocking door latch for dockable interface for integrated circuit processing
FR2560710B1 (fr) * 1984-03-02 1986-11-07 Sgn Soc Gen Tech Nouvelle Procede de transfert d'objet sans rupture de confinement
GB2160465A (en) * 1984-06-18 1985-12-24 British Nuclear Fuels Plc Transfer of radioactive material
DE3440277C1 (de) * 1984-11-03 1986-05-22 Siempelkamp Gießerei GmbH & Co, 4150 Krefeld Verfahren zum Einbringen von radioaktiven Abfaellen in einen Schmelzofen und Vorrichtung zur Durchfuehrung des Verfahrens
DE3814938A1 (de) * 1988-05-03 1989-11-16 Wiederaufarbeitung Von Kernbre Andockvorrichtung zum anschliessen eines transport- und/oder lagerbehaelters an einen radioaktiv belasteten arbeitsraum
US7771156B2 (en) * 2003-09-25 2010-08-10 Corning Incorporated Method and apparatus for reactor monolith loading

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1395856A (fr) * 1964-03-06 1965-04-16 Electricite De France Machine de chargement et de déchargement pour réacteur nucléaire
DE1542414A1 (de) * 1964-03-12 1969-06-12 Snam Spa Vorrichtung zur UEberfuehrung von Teilen oder Geraeten aus Druckbehaeltern bzw. aus Behaeltern,die vergiftete Raeume einschliessen,nach aussen
FR1584761A (de) * 1968-06-05 1970-01-02
FR2315831A7 (fr) * 1975-06-28 1977-01-21 Kernforschung Gmbh Ges Fuer Dispositif pour l'eclusage d'objets contamines radioactifs a travers une ouverture menagee dans la paroi d'un reservoir
DE2637859C2 (de) * 1976-08-23 1985-01-31 Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe Einrichtung zum Einbetonieren von radioaktiven Abfällen in Abfallfässern

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5531994A (en) 1980-03-06
FR2434464B1 (de) 1981-01-16
EP0009424A1 (de) 1980-04-02
JPS631558B2 (de) 1988-01-13
US4281691A (en) 1981-08-04
FR2434464A1 (fr) 1980-03-21
DE2964145D1 (en) 1983-01-05

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