EP0007033A1 - Method of manufacturing table knives with silver-plated handles - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing table knives with silver-plated handles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0007033A1
EP0007033A1 EP79102127A EP79102127A EP0007033A1 EP 0007033 A1 EP0007033 A1 EP 0007033A1 EP 79102127 A EP79102127 A EP 79102127A EP 79102127 A EP79102127 A EP 79102127A EP 0007033 A1 EP0007033 A1 EP 0007033A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blade
handle
bolster
silver
plated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP79102127A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0007033B1 (en
Inventor
Werner Probost
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WUERTTEMBERGISCHE METALLWARENFABRIK AG
Original Assignee
WURTTEMBERGISCHE METALLWARENFABRIK AG
Wuerttembergische Metallwarenfabrik Ag
WMF Group GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by WURTTEMBERGISCHE METALLWARENFABRIK AG, Wuerttembergische Metallwarenfabrik Ag, WMF Group GmbH filed Critical WURTTEMBERGISCHE METALLWARENFABRIK AG
Priority to AT79102127T priority Critical patent/ATE115T1/en
Publication of EP0007033A1 publication Critical patent/EP0007033A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0007033B1 publication Critical patent/EP0007033B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25G—HANDLES FOR HAND IMPLEMENTS
    • B25G3/00—Attaching handles to the implements
    • B25G3/34—Attaching handles to the implements by pressing the handle on the implements; using cement or molten metal, e.g. casting, moulding, by welding or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/60—Making other particular articles cutlery wares; garden tools or the like
    • B21D53/64—Making other particular articles cutlery wares; garden tools or the like knives; scissors; cutting blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25G—HANDLES FOR HAND IMPLEMENTS
    • B25G3/00—Attaching handles to the implements
    • B25G3/02—Socket, tang, or like fixings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B3/00—Hand knives with fixed blades
    • B26B3/02—Table-knives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing table knives with a handle and a blade with a bolster inserted therein, the handle being galvanically silvered and the blade bolster being ground flush with the handle.
  • the booklet is silver-plated before being connected to the blade. Then the hinge of the blade will rub into the hollow handle animals or introduced. The crop of the booklet then points. often an excess compared to the magazine. It must therefore be sanded flush with the booklet. On the one hand, there must not be a gap between the silver-plated handle and the bolster, and on the other hand, the galvanically applied silver layer must not be sanded.
  • This grinding process is carried out manually with a grinding wheel or a grinding belt and requires a great deal of skill from the workforce, who are therefore highly paid workers and need several months to familiarize themselves with it.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method of the type described above, with which the connecting dimensions of the blade and handle can be produced in an economical manner without causing damage to the silver layer.
  • the object is achieved in that the blade with blade bolster and hinge is electrically insulated against this before or when inserted into the unsilvered handle, and after that the blade bolster is ground flush and only then is the handle silvered.
  • the advantage of the method according to the invention is that the blade bolster can be ground flush with the handle while it is still not silver-plated. Since a slight sanding of the tack surface can be accepted, no specialized workers are required for this sanding process. Automation can even be thought of. During the subsequent electroplating, contact is made on the handle and no silver or nickel is deposited on the blade due to the insulation. With the silvering and polishing, the manufacturing process is finished and no further post-processing is required. The process makes knives of the highest quality easy to manufacture.
  • a knife which consists of a hollow handle 1 and a blade 2 inserted therein with its hinge 4 with a blade bolster 3.
  • the blade bolster 3 has an oversize 5 compared to the booklet 1.
  • the blade 2 is coated with an electrically insulating dip 6 in the area of the hinge 4 of the blade bolster 3.
  • the thickness of the coating created by immersion is approximately 0.1-0.4 mm.
  • the fishing rod 4 is cast into the hollow handle 1.
  • the ceramic layer is designated 7.
  • the next process step is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the blade bolster 3, which still has the oversize 5 in FIG. 3, is ground flush with the booklet 1, whereby the booklet wall 1 may be slightly sanded.
  • the booklet 1 can be galvanically coated with a silver layer, which is indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 4 at 11.
  • the area 6 1 of the dip lacquer 6 still adhering to the blade sheet can be removed without difficulty.
  • a second embodiment of the manufacturing process according to FIGS. 5 and 6 is that an insulating washer 9 made of PTFE is inserted between the blade 2 and the handle 1 in the blade bolster 3.
  • FIG 5 shows a knife produced in this way after the flush grinding method step.
  • an electrically insulating Resin with filler 10 used to pour the fishing rod 4 into the booklet 1.
  • Fig. 6 the second embodiment after silvering is shown in section; the silver layer 11 ends exactly on the insulating washer 9.
  • a further variant of the method consists in inserting an insulating washer between the blade and the handle on the blade bolster in addition to the dip lacquer covering the blade in the area of the blade bolster and the hinge. This has the advantage that it does not need to have an electrical insulating property when fastening the hinge in the handle with cement compound.
  • the method according to the invention is not limited in application to the production of table knives.
  • it can generally be used in the manufacture of cutlery designed accordingly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Knives (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

A method for making table knives is disclosed wherein the blade including its foot portion and shank is made electrically insulated from the handle and subsequently the blade foot portion is ground flush prior to the handle being silver-plated.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Tafelmessern mit Heft und in dieses eingesetzter Klinge mit Klingenkropf, wobei das Heft galvanisch versilbert wird und der Klingenkropf mit dem Heft bündig geschliffen wird.The invention relates to a method for producing table knives with a handle and a blade with a bolster inserted therein, the handle being galvanically silvered and the blade bolster being ground flush with the handle.

Bei einem bekannten Verfahren dieser Art wird das Heft vor dem Verbinden mit der Klinge versilbert. Danach wird die Angel der Klinge in das hohle Heft einzementiert oder eingebleit. Der Kropf des Hefts weist dann . häufig ein Übermaß gegenüber dem Heft auf. Er muß daher nachträglich mit dem Heft bündig geschliffen werden. Es darf dabei zum einen kein Stoß zwischen versilbertem Heft und Klingenkropf stehenbleiben, und zum anderen die galvanisch aufgetragene Silberschicht nicht angeschliffen werden. Dieser Schleifvorgang wird manuell mit einer Schleifscheibe oder einem Schleifband durchgeführt und erfordert viel Geschick von den ausführenden Arbeitskräften, die daher hochbezahlte Kräfte sind und mehrere Monate Zeit zur Einarbeit benötigen.In a known method of this type, the booklet is silver-plated before being connected to the blade. Then the hinge of the blade will rub into the hollow handle animals or introduced. The crop of the booklet then points. often an excess compared to the magazine. It must therefore be sanded flush with the booklet. On the one hand, there must not be a gap between the silver-plated handle and the bolster, and on the other hand, the galvanically applied silver layer must not be sanded. This grinding process is carried out manually with a grinding wheel or a grinding belt and requires a great deal of skill from the workforce, who are therefore highly paid workers and need several months to familiarize themselves with it.

Firmenintern wurde auch schon versucht, das Heft vor dem Versilbern mit der Klinge zusammenzufügen und Kropf und Heft ebenfalls vor dem Versilbern bündig zu schleifen. Beim anschließenden Versilbern läßt es sich jedoch nicht vermeiden, daß die Klinge im Bereich des Klingenkropfes mitversilbert wird. Bei einer Hartversilberung, wie sie bei hochwertigen Messern üblich ist, muß unternickelt werden, wodurch sich die Nickel- und Silberschicht auf der Klinge mechanisch nicht mehr entfernen läßt.Within the company, attempts have already been made to join the handle with the blade before silvering and to grind the bolster and handle flush before silvering. During the subsequent silver plating, however, it cannot be avoided that the blade is also silver plated in the area of the blade bolster. In the case of hard silver plating, as is customary in high-quality knives, the nickel and silver layer on the blade can no longer be removed mechanically.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Art anzugeben, mit dem in wirtschaftlicher Weise die Anschlußmaße von Klinge und Heft hergestellt werden können, ohne daß es zu Beschädigungen der Silberschicht kommt.The invention has for its object to provide a method of the type described above, with which the connecting dimensions of the blade and handle can be produced in an economical manner without causing damage to the silver layer.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Klinge mit Klingenkropf und Angel vor oder beim Einsetzen in das unversilberte Heft gegen dieses elektrisch isoliert wird, und daß danach der Klingenkropf bündig geschliffen und dann erst das Heft versilbert wird.The object is achieved in that the blade with blade bolster and hinge is electrically insulated against this before or when inserted into the unsilvered handle, and after that the blade bolster is ground flush and only then is the handle silvered.

Der Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht darin, daß der Klingenkropf bei noch unversilbertem Heft mit diesem bündig geschliffen werden kann. Da hierbei ein leichtes Anschleifen der Heftoberfläche in Kauf genommen werden kann, sind für diesen Schleifvorgang keine spezialisierten Arbeitskräfte erforderlich. Es ist sogar an eine Automatisierung zu denken. Beim anschließenden Galvanisieren erfolgt die Kontaktierung am Heft und durch die Isolation wird kein Silber bzw. Nickel auf der Klinge abgeschieden. Mit dem Versilbern und Polieren ist der Herstellvorgang beendet und keine weitere Nachbearbeitung mehr erforderlich. Durch das Verfahren lassen sich Messer mit höchster Qualität einfach herstellen.The advantage of the method according to the invention is that the blade bolster can be ground flush with the handle while it is still not silver-plated. Since a slight sanding of the tack surface can be accepted, no specialized workers are required for this sanding process. Automation can even be thought of. During the subsequent electroplating, contact is made on the handle and no silver or nickel is deposited on the blade due to the insulation. With the silvering and polishing, the manufacturing process is finished and no further post-processing is required. The process makes knives of the highest quality easy to manufacture.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand zweier Ausführungsbeispiele erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Seitenansicht eines Tafelmessers mit noch nicht bündig geschliffenem Klingenkropf,
  • Fig. 2 eine zum Teil im Schnitt dargestellte Draufsicht eines Tafelmessers mit noch nicht bündig geschliffenem Klingenkropf,
  • Fig. 3 einen Schnitt entlang der Schnittlinie III-III in Fig. 2 einer ersten Ausführungsform eines gemäß der Erfindung hergestellten Messers im Verfahrensschritt nach dem Überziehen mit Tauchlack,
  • Fig. 4 den Schnitt nach Fig. 3 nach dem Bündigschleifen,
  • Fig. 5 einen der Fig. 3 entsprechenden Schnitt einer zweiten Ausführungsform eines gemäß der Erfindung hergestellten Messers mit Isolierscheibe urd Befestigung in nicht leitender keramischer Zementmasse öder Kunstharzmasse im Verfahrensschritt nach dem Bündigschleifen, und
  • Fig. 6 den Schnitt der Fig. 5 nach dem Versilbern.
The invention is explained below using two exemplary embodiments. Show it:
  • 1 is a side view of a table knife with a blade bolster that has not yet been ground flush,
  • 2 shows a plan view, partly in section, of a table knife with a blade bolster that has not yet been ground flush,
  • 3 shows a section along the section line III-III in FIG. 2 of a first embodiment of a knife produced according to the invention in the method step after being coated with dip coating,
  • 4 shows the section according to FIG. 3 after the flush grinding,
  • FIG. 5 shows a section corresponding to FIG. 3 of a second embodiment of a knife with an insulating disk produced according to the invention Urd fastening in non-conductive ceramic cement or synthetic resin in the process step after flush grinding, and
  • Fig. 6 shows the section of Fig. 5 after silvering.

In den Fig. 1 und 2 ist ein Messer dargestellt, das aus einem hohlen Heft 1 und einer mit seiner Angel 4 darin eingesetzten Klinge 2 mit Klingenkropf 3 besteht. Der Klingenkropf 3 weist gegenüber dem Heft 1 ein Übermaß 5 auf.1 and 2, a knife is shown, which consists of a hollow handle 1 and a blade 2 inserted therein with its hinge 4 with a blade bolster 3. The blade bolster 3 has an oversize 5 compared to the booklet 1.

Aus Fig. 3 ist ersichtlich, daß die Klinge 2 im Bereich der Angel 4 des Klingenkropfes 3 mit einem elektrisch isolierenden Tauchlack 6 überzogen ist. Die Dicke des durch das Eintauchen entstehenden Überzugs beträgt ca. 0,1 - 0,4 mm. Die Angel 4 ist in das hohle Heft 1 eingegossen. Die keramische Schicht ist mit 7 bezeichnet.From Fig. 3 it can be seen that the blade 2 is coated with an electrically insulating dip 6 in the area of the hinge 4 of the blade bolster 3. The thickness of the coating created by immersion is approximately 0.1-0.4 mm. The fishing rod 4 is cast into the hollow handle 1. The ceramic layer is designated 7.

Der nächste Verfahrensschritt ist in Fig. 4 dargestellt. Der Klingenkropf 3, der in Fig. 3 noch das Übermaß 5 aufweist, ist mit dem Heft 1 bündig geschliffen, wobei die Heftwand 1 leicht angeschliffen sein darf. Jetzt kann das Heft 1 galvanisch mit einer Silberschicht überzogen werden, die in Fig. 4.bei 11 gestrichelt angedeutet ist. Der noch am Klingenblatt haftende Bereich 61 des Tauchlacks 6 kann ohne Schwierigkeiten abgezogen werden.The next process step is shown in FIG. 4. The blade bolster 3, which still has the oversize 5 in FIG. 3, is ground flush with the booklet 1, whereby the booklet wall 1 may be slightly sanded. Now the booklet 1 can be galvanically coated with a silver layer, which is indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 4 at 11. The area 6 1 of the dip lacquer 6 still adhering to the blade sheet can be removed without difficulty.

Eine zweite Ausführungsform des Herstellungsverfahrens besteht gemäß Fig. 5 und 6 darin, daß zwischen Klinge 2 und Heft 1 beim Klingenkropf 3 eine Isolierscheibe 9 aus PTFE eingelegt wird.A second embodiment of the manufacturing process according to FIGS. 5 and 6 is that an insulating washer 9 made of PTFE is inserted between the blade 2 and the handle 1 in the blade bolster 3.

In Fig. 5 ist ein so hergestelltes Messer nach dem Verfahrensschritt des Bündigschleifens dargestellt. Bei dieser Ausführungsform wird eine elektrisch isolierende Kunstharzmasse mit Füllstoff 10 zum Eingießen der Angel 4 in das Heft 1 verwendet.5 shows a knife produced in this way after the flush grinding method step. In this embodiment, an electrically insulating Resin with filler 10 used to pour the fishing rod 4 into the booklet 1.

In Fig. 6 ist im Schnitt die zweite Ausführungsform nach dem Versilbern dargestellt; die Silberschicht 11 endet genau an der Isolierscheibe 9.In Fig. 6, the second embodiment after silvering is shown in section; the silver layer 11 ends exactly on the insulating washer 9.

Eine nicht dargestellte weitere Variante des Verfahrens besteht darin, zusätzlich zu dem die Klinge im Bereich des Klingenkropfes und der Angel überziehenden Tauchlack eine Isolierscheibe zwischen Klinge und Heft beim Klingenkropf einzulegen. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß bei der Befestigung der Angel im Heft mit Zementmasse diese nicht eine elektrische Isoliereigenschaft aufzuweisen braucht.A further variant of the method, not shown, consists in inserting an insulating washer between the blade and the handle on the blade bolster in addition to the dip lacquer covering the blade in the area of the blade bolster and the hinge. This has the advantage that it does not need to have an electrical insulating property when fastening the hinge in the handle with cement compound.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist in der Anwendung nicht auf die Herstellung von Tafelmessern beschränkt. Beispielsweise ist es generell bei der Herstellung von entsprechend gestaltetem Besteck anwendbar.The method according to the invention is not limited in application to the production of table knives. For example, it can generally be used in the manufacture of cutlery designed accordingly.

Claims (3)

1. Verfahren zum Herstellen von Tafelmessern mit Heft und in dieses eingesetzter Klinge mit Klingenkropf, wobei das Heft galvanisch versilbert wird und der Klingenkropf mit dem Heft bündig geschliffen wird, dadurch ggekennzeichnet , daß die Klinge mit Klingenkropf und Angel vor oder beim Einsetzen in das unversilberte Heft gegen dieses elektrisch isoliert wird, und daß danach der Klingenkropf bündig geschliffen und dann erst das Heft versilbert wird.1. A process for the production of table knives with a handle and in this inserted blade with blade bolster, the handle being galvanically silvered and the blade bolster being ground flush with the handle, characterized in that the blade with blade bolster and hinge before or when inserted into the non-silvered one Booklet is electrically insulated against this, and that afterwards the blade bolster is ground flush and only then is the booklet silvered. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Klinge im Bereich der Angel und des Klingenkropfes vor dem Einsetzen in das Heft mit einem elektrisch isolierenden Tauchlack überzogen wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade in the region of the hinge and the blade bolster is coated with an electrically insulating dip lacquer before insertion into the handle. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß zwischen Heft und Klinge am Klingenkropf eine Isolierscheibe gelegt wird, insbesondere eine PTFE-Isolierscheibe, und daß die Klinge mit ihrer Angel mit nach dem Trocknen nichtleitender keramischer Zementmasse oder Kunstharzmasse in das Heft eingegossen wird.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an insulating washer is placed on the blade bolster between the handle and the blade, in particular a PTFE insulating washer, and that the blade is poured into the handle with its rod with after drying non-conductive ceramic cement or synthetic resin.
EP79102127A 1978-07-06 1979-06-26 Method of manufacturing table knives with silver-plated handles Expired EP0007033B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79102127T ATE115T1 (en) 1978-07-06 1979-06-26 PROCESS FOR MAKING TABLE KNIVES WITH SILVER-PLATED HANDLE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2829776A DE2829776C2 (en) 1978-07-06 1978-07-06 Process for the production of table knives, forks or the like with a silver-plated handle
DE2829776 1978-07-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0007033A1 true EP0007033A1 (en) 1980-01-23
EP0007033B1 EP0007033B1 (en) 1981-07-22

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Family Applications (1)

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EP79102127A Expired EP0007033B1 (en) 1978-07-06 1979-06-26 Method of manufacturing table knives with silver-plated handles

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US4272332A (en)
EP (1) EP0007033B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE115T1 (en)
DE (1) DE2829776C2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2595063A1 (en) * 1986-03-03 1987-09-04 Tarrerias Bonjean Cie Loop-shaped handle for a utensil such as a table article

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6915540B2 (en) * 2001-12-28 2005-07-12 The Ontario Knife Company Bayonet with insulated extension rod
US20050102810A1 (en) * 2002-08-05 2005-05-19 Bobby Hu Method for making a wrench
DE102004031872B4 (en) * 2004-07-01 2008-05-29 Gehring Gmbh cutlery handle
US7322113B2 (en) * 2004-12-03 2008-01-29 Calphalon Corporation Cutlery implement and block
US20060117576A1 (en) * 2004-12-03 2006-06-08 Calphalon Corporation Cutlery implement
US20080028622A1 (en) * 2006-08-07 2008-02-07 Trbovich Nicholas D Tool handle assembly having electrically insulated handle end piece
US7444905B2 (en) * 2006-10-26 2008-11-04 Bobby Hu Wrench with reinforced hollow handle
US7895923B2 (en) 2007-02-16 2011-03-01 Bobby Hu Wrench with reinforced hollow handle
US8635782B2 (en) * 2009-01-05 2014-01-28 Andrew G. Russell, III Knife
US20110192038A1 (en) * 2010-02-11 2011-08-11 Godinger Silver Art Co., Ltd. Hollow Handle Flatware and Method of Making a Hollow Handle Flatware
DE102010046972A1 (en) * 2010-09-29 2012-03-29 Zwilling J. A. Henckels Ag Method of making a knife with crop

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DE540529C (en) * 1931-12-19 Paul Hoch Manufacture of all kinds of handles for knives, forks, etc.
US2057440A (en) * 1933-03-21 1936-10-13 Int Silver Co Method of making seamless hollow handles for cutlery and the like

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DE259774C (en) *
US432991A (en) * 1890-07-29 Handle for cutlery
US931471A (en) * 1907-07-10 1909-08-17 C I Yale Mfg Co Method of making table-knives.
US1633783A (en) * 1925-03-25 1927-06-28 Latrobe Electric Steel Company Cutlery article
DE690283C (en) * 1939-01-17 1940-04-20 Friedrich Krahforst Method for attaching table knife blades to metal, two-part hollow handle shells
DE1132554B (en) * 1959-03-26 1962-07-05 Wacker Chemie Gmbh Process for the production of the purest acrylic acid nitrile
DE2160213A1 (en) * 1971-12-04 1973-06-07 Wilkens Bremer Silberwaren Ag KNIVES, IN PARTICULAR TABLE KNIVES

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE540529C (en) * 1931-12-19 Paul Hoch Manufacture of all kinds of handles for knives, forks, etc.
US2057440A (en) * 1933-03-21 1936-10-13 Int Silver Co Method of making seamless hollow handles for cutlery and the like

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2595063A1 (en) * 1986-03-03 1987-09-04 Tarrerias Bonjean Cie Loop-shaped handle for a utensil such as a table article

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4272332A (en) 1981-06-09
DE2829776A1 (en) 1980-01-17
DE2829776C2 (en) 1984-01-05
ATE115T1 (en) 1981-08-15
EP0007033B1 (en) 1981-07-22

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