Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M17/00—Producing multi-layer textile fabrics
  • D06M17/04—Producing multi-layer textile fabrics by applying synthetic resins as adhesives
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D05—SEWING; EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
  • D05C—EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
  • D05C17/00—Embroidered or tufted products; Base fabrics specially adapted for embroidered work; Inserts for producing surface irregularities in embroidered products
  • D05C17/02—Tufted products
  • D05C17/023—Tufted products characterised by the base fabric
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
  • D06N7/0063—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf
  • D06N7/0071—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by their backing, e.g. pre-coat, back coating, secondary backing, cushion backing
  • D06N7/0076—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by their backing, e.g. pre-coat, back coating, secondary backing, cushion backing the back coating or pre-coat being a thermoplastic material applied by, e.g. extrusion coating, powder coating or laminating a thermoplastic film
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
  • D06N7/0063—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf
  • D06N7/0071—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by their backing, e.g. pre-coat, back coating, secondary backing, cushion backing
  • D06N7/0081—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by their backing, e.g. pre-coat, back coating, secondary backing, cushion backing with at least one extra fibrous layer at the backing, e.g. stabilizing fibrous layer, fibrous secondary backing
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
  • D06N2201/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
  • D06N2201/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
  • D06N2201/0218—Vinyl resin fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
  • D06N2201/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
  • D06N2201/0245—Acrylic resin fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
  • D06N2201/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
  • D06N2201/0254—Polyolefin fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
  • D06N2201/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
  • D06N2201/0263—Polyamide fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
  • D06N2201/12—Fibres being in the form of a tape, strip or ribbon
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N2203/00—Macromolecular materials of the coating layers
  • D06N2203/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06N2203/042—Polyolefin (co)polymers
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N2205/00—Condition, form or state of the materials
  • D06N2205/06—Melt
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N2205/00—Condition, form or state of the materials
  • D06N2205/10—Particulate form, e.g. powder, granule
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N2207/00—Treatments by energy or chemical effects
  • D06N2207/12—Treatments by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation
  • D06N2207/123—Treatments by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation, e.g. IR, UV, actinic light, laser, X-ray, gamma-ray, microwave, radio frequency
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
  • D06N2209/08—Properties of the materials having optical properties
  • D06N2209/0807—Coloured
  • D06N2209/0823—Coloured within the layer by addition of a colorant, e.g. pigments, dyes
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
  • D06N2209/16—Properties of the materials having other properties
  • D06N2209/1628—Dimensional stability
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2503/00—Domestic or personal
  • D10B2503/04—Floor or wall coverings; Carpets
  • D10B2503/041—Carpet backings
  • D10B2503/042—Primary backings for tufted carpets

Definitions

• the present invention provides a carpet backing material comprising a woven, non-woven or knitted thermoplastic backing fabric, preferably at least partially incorporating polyolefin yarns, to which a substantially flat fleece is attached, characterised in that the fleece is adhered to the backing fabric by means of a hot melt powder adhesive having a softening point below that of the thermoplastic backing fabric.
• the fleece adhered to the backing fabric comprises at least a first fibre component whose fibres have a softening point above that of the hot melt adhesive and preferably below that of the backing fabric, and prior to adhesion of the fleece to the backing fabric the fleece has been heated to a temperature equal to or greater than the softening point of the said first fibre component to cause the fleece to form a self-supporting web.
• the invention provides a process for the manufacture of a carpet backing material which comprises attaching a substantially flat fleece to a woven, non-woven or knitted thermoplastic backing fabric, characterised in that a hot melt powder adhesive having a softening point below the softening point of said thermoplastic backing fabric is applied to the backing fabric, the backing fabric and applied adhesive powder is heated to a temperature sufficient to melt and fuse said adhesive to the backing fabric but below the softening point of the backing fabric to form a coated backing fabric,and subsequently the fleece is applied to the coated fabric while the adhesive is still active in order to adhere said fleece to the coated fabric.
• the fleece comprises at least a first fibre component whose fibres have a softening point above that of the powder adhesive and preferably below that of the backing fabric and prior to adhesion of the fleece to the coated fabric the fleece is heated to a temperature equal to or greater than the softening point of the fibre component to cause it to form a self-supporting web.
• thermoplastic backing fabrics used in the preparation of the carpet backing materials according to the invention may be any of the known fabrics incorporating polyolefin yarns, but are preferably those incorporating polypropylene yarns.
• fabrics are any of the known woven fabrics formed with polypropylene ribbons or tapes in both the warp and weft yarns and those in which all or some of the warp and/or weft yarns are replaced by continuous or spun filamentary yarns either of polypropylene or some other material.
• a particular example of such a fabric is that having warp yarns of polypropylene ribbons and weft yarns of continuous or spun polypropylene filaments, or of fibrillated or twisted tapes of polypropylene.
• thermoplastic materials which may be used in the backings of the invention include polyamides, poly- _ esters, polyacrylates and polyvinyls.
• the hot melt powder adhesive used in the preparation of carpet backing materials according to the invention may be a thermoplastic or thermosetting powder adhesive having a softening point below that of the thermoplastic backing fabric and also a softening point below that of at least one of the fibre components of the applied fleece.
• Suitable adhesives include those based on copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate provided they have the above-mentioned softening characteristics.
• the hot melt powder adhesive may be applied to the backing faerie in the process according to the invention by a powder point coating technique (in which case the powder adhesive has a maximum particle size preferably of 200 ⁇ m) or by a scatter point coating technique (in which case the powder adhesive has a maximum particle size advantageously of 300 ⁇ m).
• the adhesive may conveniently be applied in an amount of not less than 5 grams per square metre (g.m ) of backing fabric, and preferably in an amount of 10 to 25 g.m .
• the coated fabric in the process according to the invention is then heated to a temperature sufficient to melt and fuse the powder adhesive to the fabric but below the softening point of the fabric. This heating is conveniently effected by passing the coated fabric through an infra-red oven but any other suitable technique may be employed.
• the fabric may be pre-heated to a temperature below the softening point of the powder adhesive prior to application of the powder adhesive to the fabric.
• the fleece is laminated with the adhesive coated fabric and this is conveniently effected by passing the fleece simultaneously with the fabric through at least one nip of a smooth laminating roller calender system. This calendering - process is effected at a temperature at or above the softening point of this hot melt adhesive.
• the adhesive coated fabric Prior to laminating, the adhesive coated fabric may be passed round a heated drum to maintain the activity of the adhesive.
• the finished backing material is cooled and may if desired be re-rolled to give a smooth surface to the final product. Moreover, any textile dressings may be applied at this point.
• the fleece used for the preparation of backing materials according to the present invention desirably comprises one or more fibre components, at least one of which should have dyeing characteristics compatible with the face pile material to be used in the manufacture of the finished carpet.
• a fleece comprising a component Which, in carpet backings according to the particular embodiment of the invention, is a component having a softening point above that of the first component) of nylon 6, although other nylons, such as nylon 66, or other textile fibres e.g. rayon may be used, either alone or in admixture with nylon 6, for this purpose. It is advantageous to incorporate at least 70% of a component having favourable dyeing properties into the fleece.
• the first fibre component of the fleece should have a softening point below that of the thermoplastic fabric and above that of the powder adhesive and prior to incorporation of the fleece into the backing materials, the fleece is heated to a temperature equal to or greater than the softening point of this first component but below that of the thermoplastic backing fabric.
• This heat treatment may be effected by passing the fleece through a pair of rollers at least one of which is heated. This process causes at least some of the first fibre component of the fleece to at least partially melt or soften and thereby bond both to fibres of the second component and to similar fibres of the first component. This produces a relatively stable self-supporting web, and enables fleeces of lower weight to be used in the preparation of carpet backing fabrics compared to fleeces used in FLW backings.
• fleeces having weights in the range from 5 to 200, preferably 10 to 70 g.m- 2 .
• the lower limit to the weight range is determined by the necessity to produce a good covering of the woven backing fabric and the upper limit being consistent with economical considerations.
• the fleeces for use according to the invention.
• minor amounts of polypropylene fibres may also be incorporated, but in general and as indicated above, the fleeces should contain at least 70% of fibres having dyeing characteristics consistent with those of the face fabric to be used in the finished carpet. If desired, any or all of the individual fibre components of the fleece may be pre- dyed prior to incorporation into the fleece.
• a fleece having a weight of 20 to 40 g.m -2 is used.
• Such a fleece may be conveniently prepared by an air-lay or cross-lap fleece forming process of known type.
• the fleece may comprise fibres of nylon-6 (m.p. 215 C), which in a fleece according to the particular embodiment of the invention may form a second fibre component in an amount of up to 98%, e.g. from 70 to 98 % by weight (referred to the total fleece weight), and such fibres should generally have a count of not less than 1.2 dtex, and a fibre length of not less than 5 mm. Up to 100% of these fibres may consist of reprocessed nylon-6 fibres. All or a part of the fibres may be replaced by nylon-66 or other textile fibres e.g. rayon.
• the first component of the fleece comprises fibres having a lower melting point than that of the thermoplastic fabric and above that of the powder adhesive, such as for example the nylon designated as K115 ⁇ anufactured by Grilon) which has a melting point of 115°C.
• the fibres of the first component are conveniently present in an amount of 2 to 100% e.g. 2 to 30% by weight (referred to the total fleece weight), and should generally have a count of not less than 1.2 dtex and a fibre length of not less than 5 mm.
• the fleece may, if desired, be pre-bonded to form a self-supporting web prior to being adhered to the backing fabric.
• this is heat treated by passing it through the nip of a pair of rollers, one of which is heated to a temperature above the melting point of the first fibre component of the fleece, for example at about 140 o C.
• a fleece suitable for incorporation in the backings according to the invention is formed.
• the invention also provides tufted carpets incorporating a carpet backing according to the present invention.
• the laminated carpet backings according to the invention may be tufted with face pile materials in a manner known per se.
• the resulting intermediate carpet may then be dyed and an adhesive layer, such as of latex, applied to permanently lock the tufts to the carpet backing.
• a secondary carpet backing may be applied to the carpet.
• the fleece is applied to the backing fabric over a width narrower, e.g. 18-20 cm narrower, than the full width of the backing fabric, so that the fleece is only present within the area to be tufted in the manufacture of the finished carpets according to the invention.
• the use of the carpet backings according to the invention in the construction of tufted carpets may not only avoid grinning by virtue of the incorporation of a relatively more easily dyed fleece but may also enhance the tuft locking of the face fabric to the backing.
• the carpet backings of the present invention are less liable to shed fibres during dyeing of the intermediate carpets and later from the finished carpets.
• the carpet backings according to the present invention may be produced having a smooth level surface.
• the use of adhesive in the preparation of the backing results in an increased stability of the weave lock of the woven backing fabric and this may serve to improve the dimensional stability of the finished carpet.
• a fleece having a weight of 30g.m -2 is formed on a fleece forming machine (type V21-K12, manufactured by Dr. Ernst Fehrer, Textilmaschinefabrik und Stahlbau G.m.b.H. of Linz, Austria) and containing 15% by weight of nylon fibres (6.35 dtex; and length about 60 mm; sold as Grilon K115), 35% by weight of virgin nylon-6 fibres 0.3-3.9 dtex; and length about 60 mm; sold as Grilon CS3), and 50% by weight of reprocessed nylon-66 fibres (3.3-3.9 dtex; and length about 50-60mm).
• a fleece forming machine type V21-K12, manufactured by Dr. Ernst Fehrer, Textilmaschinefabrik und Stahlbau G.m.b.H. of Linz, Austria
• the coated fabric is then passed in line to a laminating calender while the adhesive is still tacky and the fleece manufactured above is simultaneously passed to the top nip of the calender whereby the fleece is bonded to the backing fabric.
• the laminating calender bowl is at a temperature of 140°C. After cooling and re-rolling a carpet backing is obtained having a good bond between the fleece and backing fabric.
• a carpet backing may be produced at a rate of 40 m.min -1 .
• a fleece prepared according to Example la) is fed to the nip of a laminating calender (manufactured by Saladin A.G. of Sirnach, Switzerland).
• the calender consists of a polished steel drum heated to a temperature of 140°C and a rubber- press roller whereby pressure may be applied to the fleece as it passes between the steel drum and the rubber roller.
• the fleece is passed at a rate of 4 m.min -1 through the calender, and a fleece in the form of a self-supporing web is obtained.
• a carpet backing is prepared in similar fashion to Example lb) using the fleece prepared in Example 2a) above.
• a carpet backing is obtained having a very good bond between the fleece and backing fabric.
• a carpet backing may be produced at a rate of 40 m.min -1 .
• a carpet 1 metre wide was tufted on a 1/8 gauge machine at 28 stitches per 10 cm with nylon face yarns to give a face weight of 320 g.m -2 using a backing manufactured as described in Example 2b) with the exception that nylon-6 was substituted for nylon-66.
• a comparison carpet was manufactured in the same way using a known FLW backing.
• Both carpets were dyed in a winch dye beck and then precoated and foam backed to produce a finished product.
• the carpet according to the invention showed a 28% improvement in retained warp strength and a 5% improvement in retained weft strength, compared to the comparison carpet.
• the tuft retention factor was found to be 82% higher than that achieved with the comparison product.
• the tuft retention strength of the carpet according to the invention was 34% higher than the comparison product.
• the carpet manufactured according to the invention exhibited good anti-fray properties.
• This invention relates to backings suitable for use as carpet backings, especially tufted carpet backings, process for the manufacture thereof, and to carpets produced therefrom.
• polyolefin backing fabrics are not readily dyed, and it is not therefore easy to achieve a uniformity in dyeing between the backing fabric and the face material of the carpets produced therefrom.
• a desired uniformity is difficult to produce due to the widely differing dyeing characteristics of polypropylene and fibre materials, such as nylon, used in the face fabrics.
• the polypropylene yarn in the backing is normally in the form of tape which has an unacceptably high light reflectance.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Carpets (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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Cited By (20)

Citations (4)

• 1979
  • 1979-04-18 EP EP79300636A patent/EP0005050A3/fr not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (4)

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