EP0004228A2 - Mikrowellenrichtkoppler und Mikrowellenvorrichtung unter Verwendung des Richtkopplers in Verbindung mit integrierten Schaltungen - Google Patents

Mikrowellenrichtkoppler und Mikrowellenvorrichtung unter Verwendung des Richtkopplers in Verbindung mit integrierten Schaltungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0004228A2
EP0004228A2 EP79400122A EP79400122A EP0004228A2 EP 0004228 A2 EP0004228 A2 EP 0004228A2 EP 79400122 A EP79400122 A EP 79400122A EP 79400122 A EP79400122 A EP 79400122A EP 0004228 A2 EP0004228 A2 EP 0004228A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductive
central
lines
coplanar lines
substrate
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP79400122A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0004228A3 (en
EP0004228B1 (de
Inventor
Michel Houdart
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Thales SA
Thomson CSF Scpi
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Thomson CSF Scpi
Thomson CSF SA
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Publication of EP0004228A2 publication Critical patent/EP0004228A2/de
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Publication of EP0004228B1 publication Critical patent/EP0004228B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a directional microwave coupler with coupled lines usable in particular in microwave circuits and microcircuits.
  • the coefficient k is called the coupling coefficient and is a function of the electrical characteristics of the coupled lines and the frequency of the signal delivered by the generator.
  • the coupling coefficient k is maximum as a function of frequency for a line coupling length substantially equal to , where A represents the wavelength of the signal transmitted by the coupled lines, and the phase difference between the waves coming from gates B and C is equal to ].
  • the operating principle of the aforementioned coupler remains unchanged if the generator is placed at another door due to the electrical symmetry of the coupler, electrical symmetry which most often is obtained by the use of a coupler comprising mechanical and geometric symmetry with respect to a plane of symmetry of the substrate of dielectric material, as for example in the type of couplers constituted by two parallel microstrip lines coupled.
  • the gate constituting the decoupled channel transmits a non-zero energy
  • the transfer coefficients of such a coupler no longer satisfy the preceding conditions and the signal propagation regime on the coupled lines can be reduced to the superimposition on each line of two distinct propagation modes, a so-called even mode and a so-called mode. odd at different propagation speeds.
  • the directivity D of the coupler is then a function of the frequency of the signals and the propagation speeds of the even and odd modes.
  • the electrical symmetry of the system of coupled lines i.e. the symmetry of the influence coefficients of the lines and the symmetry of the induction coefficients of the lines, is necessary, a defect in electrical symmetry resulting in a modification of the performances of the coupler and, in particular, of its directivity.
  • microstrip lines coupled to inter-digital conductors although allowing a larger coupling interval requires, in addition to very strict machining tolerances, tolerances of the order of 1 micrometer, the use of a number important interconnections between the different conductive strips. Since these interconnections can only be carried out via conductive wires connected to the strips by thermocompression, this technique poses numerous reproducibility problems identical to this type of coupler.
  • coupler systems have been proposed.
  • the type of coupler described in the RONDE FC article in the report entitled "A new cIass of microstrip directional couplers" published in the review IEEE, International Microwave Symposium, May 1970, pages 184-186 includes a coupling system between a slotted line and a microstrip line.
  • This type of coupler has, in particular, the disadvantage of requiring a small spacing of the two planes of the slotted line and therefore its use is limited to coupling coefficients of the order of 3 dB.
  • the directional coupler object of the invention allows, in particular, to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by an appropriate arrangement of the conductors constituting the coupled lines. This arrangement makes it possible, if necessary, to overcome the condition of mechanical or geometric symmetry of the structure of the coupler while retaining electrical symmetry of the coupler according to the invention.
  • Another object of the present invention is a coupler making it possible to obtain an attenuation of the energy transmitted by the coupled channel of less than 2 dB.
  • the directional microwave coupler comprises, on the one hand, on a first face of a substrate of dielectric material, an arrangement of zones and conductive strips respectively forming two coplanar lines comprising a common central conductive zone, the conductive strip central of the two coplanar lines being extended respectively by a conductive strip, a transverse conductive strip electrically connecting the conductive strips extending the central strip of the coplanar lines and the central conductive strip of the coplanar lines, and, on the other hand, on a second face of the substrate opposite the first face, a conductive sole electrically coupled to the central conductive zone common to the coplanar lines, the conductive sole forming with the conductive strips extending the central strips the coplanar lines of the microstrip lines, the coplanar lines and the microstrip lines formed by the led strips ctrices extending the central bands of the coplanar lines each constituting a channel of the coupler.
  • Such couplers can be used in all microwave microcircuits.
  • the directional microwave coupler which is the subject of the invention comprises at least two transmission lines coupled on the same substrate of dielectric material 1.
  • the dielectric material is, for example, constituted by alumina.
  • the substrate of dielectric material preferably has the form of a wafer comprising a first planar face and a second planar face parallel and opposite to the first face.
  • the directional microwave coupler comprises on the first face of the substrate an arrangement of zones and conductive strips respectively forming two coplanar lines comprising a central conductive zone 2 common to the coplanar lines and conductive zones 3 and 4.
  • a first conductive strip 5 and a second conductive strip 6 respectively form the central conductive strip of each coplanar line.
  • the central conductive strip of each coplanar line is extended respectively by a third and by a fourth conductive strip referenced 7 and 8 respectively.
  • the conductive strips 7 and 8 extending each of the central conductive strips of the coplanar lines are, for example, respectively aligned with them and may have a width-r, or dimension in the direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the signals on the lines. coplanar, different or identical.
  • the first face of the substrate of dielectric material also comprises a fifth transverse conductive strip 9 arranged for example, orthogonally to the central conductive strips of the coplanar lines and electrically connecting on the one hand, the two conductive strips 7 and 8 extending the central conductive strip of the lines coplanar, and secondly, the central conductive strips of the coplanar lines.
  • the substrate of dielectric material further comprises on the second face a conductive sole 10 electrically coupled to the central conductive zone 2 common to the coplanar lines.
  • the electrical coupling of the conductive sole 10 to the central conductive zone 2 common to the coplanar lines is defined by the overlap length s of the conductive sole 10 by the central conductive zone 2 common to the coplanar lines.
  • the overlap length s is defined according to the direction of propagation of the signals on the coplanar lines from the end of the central conductive zone 2 along this direction represented by the axis ox.
  • the end of the central conductive zone 2 located in the vicinity of the transverse conductive strip 9 is constituted by a rectilinear edge 21 orthogonal to the parallel conductive strips 5 and 6.
  • the overlap length s can be positive or negative with respect to the origin 0, taking into account the chosen convention, a negative length corresponding to an effective overlap of the conductive soleplate 10 by the central conductive zone 2 and to a very tight coupling for the coupler, a positive length corresponding to an absence of covering of the conductive sole 10 by the central conductive zone 2 and to a looser coupling.
  • the choice of the value of the parameter s, overlap length allows the cut selected the coupler.
  • the conductive sole 10 preferably has at the level of its covering end the shape of a straight edge 100 parallel to the straight edge 21 of the central conductive zone 2 common to the coplanar lines.
  • the rectilinear edge 21 of the central conductive zone 2 and the rectilinear edge 100 have a dimension 1 making it possible to determine the central operating frequency of the coupler.
  • the straight edge 100 of the conductive sole 10 and the dimension of the conductive sole 10 in a direction parallel to the straight edge 100 of its covering end is limited by two oblique edges 101 symmetrical with respect to a longitudinal plane of symmetry P of the dielectric substrate, the conductive sole 10 thus having at its coupling end with the common central conductive area 2 a trapezoidal shape making it possible to present at the terminals of the coupler ports a maximum impedance in the operating band of the device.
  • the conductive sole 10 forms, with the conductive strips 7 and 8 extending the central strips of the coplanar lines, microstrip lines, the coupling zone essentially consisting of conductors 9, 2 and 10.
  • the transverse conductive strip 9 is disposed in the vicinity of the edge 21 of the central conductive zone 2 and parallel to this edge.
  • the coplanar lines and the microstrip lines formed by the metal bands extending the central bands of the coplanar lines each constitute a channel of the coupler.
  • Gate C is formed by conductors 2, 3, 6 and is subjected to an excitation of the coplanar line type in a similar manner to that of gate A, conductors 2 and 3 being brought to the same potential by means of a conductor 23.
  • the conductors 23 are for example gold wires connected by thermocompression and the conductive zones 2, 3 and 4 appear as the conductors at the reference potential for the coplanar lines.
  • the door D is constituted by the conductive sole 10 and the conductive strip 8, the propagation of the signals taking place on the microstrip line constituted by the conductive strip 8 and the conductive sole 10.
  • the conductive sole 10 also appears as the conductor at the potential of reference for the microstrip line.
  • the coupling takes place from the coupling between the conductive planes at the reference potential of the different doors.
  • the central conductive zone 2 and the conductive sole 10 respectively play, from the coupling point of view, the role of the conductors I and II of a conventional coupler as shown in FIG. 1, but these conductors not being arranged in the same plane , the coupling is all the more tight as the overlap length s, negative according to the conventions adopted, has an important absolute value.
  • the transverse conductive strip 9 plays the role, from the point of view of coupling, of conductor III of the conventional coupler shown in FIG. 1, the transverse conductive strip 9 then serving as a potential reference for the system of coupled conductors, that is to say the central conductive zone 2 and the conductive sole 10.
  • the determination of the performance of the coupler according to the invention results from the analysis of the coupling parameters of the system of conductors 10, 2, 9 and leads to determining, for a value 6 r of the relative permittivity of the dielectric material, the values of s overlap length and dimensions, in the ox direction, the spacing a between the edge 21 of the central conductive zone 2 and the transverse conductive strip 9 arranged in the vicinity of this central conductive zone 2, and the width b of the transverse conductive strip 9.
  • the length 1 of coupling previously defined is imposed by the operating frequency of the coupler. References a and b have been mentioned only in FIGS. 4a and 4b so as not to overload FIG. 2.
  • the microwave coupler further comprises on the first face of the substrate of dielectric material an additional conductive area 11 arranged in the vicinity of the transverse conductive strip 9 and between the conductive strips 7 and 8 extending the central conductive strips of the coplanar lines.
  • This additional conductive area 11 is electrically connected to the central conductive area 2 common to the two coplanar lines by means of conductors 111 connected by thermocompression for example.
  • the conductive zones 2 and 11 due to the existence of the conductors 111, are equipotential and the additional conductive zone It thus makes it possible to increase the equivalent covering length of the conductive sole 10 by the two zones equipotential conductors 2 and 11.
  • the additional conductive zone preferably consists, in the vicinity of the transverse conductive strip 9, by a rectangular conductive strip arranged parallel to the transverse conductive strip 9 and to the straight edge 21 of the common central conductive area with coplanar lines.
  • the determination of the performance of the coupler shown in FIG. 3 also leads to determining, in the direction ox, the spacing c between the transverse conductive strip 9 and the additional metal strip 11 and the width d of the conductive area 11.
  • the references c and d have been mentioned only in FIGS. 4a and 4b so as not to overload FIG. 3.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b respectively represent, in section along the longitudinal plane of symmetry P of the dielectric substrate, the configuration of the electric fields in the propagation mode called even mode and in the propagation mode called odd mode. Due to the electrical symmetry of the coupler, even mode is characterized by the equipotentiality of the conductive sole 10, the central conductive area 2 and the additional conductive area 11, the transverse conductive strip 9 serving as a potential reference for the system. coupled conductors. The distribution of the electric field lines 40a in the even mode is shown in Figure 4a.
  • the odd mode is characterized by the opposite potential of the conductive sole 10 with respect to the potential of the central conductive area 2 and of the additional conductive area 11.
  • the transverse conductive strip 9 serves also of potential reference to the system of coupled conductors in the case of the odd mode.
  • the distribution of the electric field lines 40b in odd mode is shown in Figure 4b.
  • the directional microwave coupler is a multi-segment coupler.
  • the transverse conductive strip 9 consists of a plurality of sections defining the different sections of the coupling device.
  • the sections have, in the direction ox, a different dimension which makes it possible to define, for each section, a coupling coefficient k which is specific to it.
  • the directive microwave coupler according to the invention is a coupler with three sections.
  • the transverse conductive strip 9 has a narrowing 91 defining the three sections ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ .
  • the narrowing 91 defining the central section and the adjacent sections ⁇ and ⁇ have in the direction perpendicular to ox a dimension substantially equal to where ⁇ represents the wavelength of the signal transmitted by the lines.
  • the edge 100 of the conductive sole 10 comprises, facing the narrowing 91, a flank 103 whose dimension, in the direction perpendicular to ox, is equal to .
  • This projection 103 of the conductive sole allows, for the central section ⁇ , to increase the coupling by modifying the overlap length s at the section ⁇ .
  • the central conductive zone 2 common to the coplanar lines is subdivided into two disjointed central conductive zones 201 and 202 separated by a non-conductive spacing 204.
  • the spacing 204a of preferably, in the direction perpendicular to ox, a dimension substantially equal to the dimension, in this same direction, of the narrowing 91 of the transverse strip 9, and, is situated opposite it.
  • the two central conductive areas 201 and 202 have their ends disposed in the vicinity of the transverse conductive strip 9 connected by a conductive strip 203.
  • the conductive strip 203 constitutes for the central section a conductive coupling area of finite dimension making it possible to adjust the coupling. of the central section ⁇ .
  • the embodiment of the coupler object of the invention shown in Figure 6 relates to a folded coupler.
  • This mode is suitable for a use for which it is useful to bring together, on the same side of the dielectric substrate, the excitation path constituted by the door A and the decoupled path constituted by the door D.
  • the non-limiting embodiment of the folded coupler of Figure 6 has, from the geometric or mechanical point of view, a symmetry with respect to an axis ZZ 'orthogonal to the substrate axis of symmetry of the substrate.
  • the coplanar lines and the microstrip lines are for example arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis ZZ ', the common central conductive area being subdivided into two conductive areas 205, 206 symmetrical with respect to the axis ZZ' and connected by a conductor 24
  • the microstrip lines are respectively substantially arranged in two quadrants of the surface of the substrate symmetrical with respect to the axis ZZ '.
  • the door A formed by the microstrip line is constituted by the conductive strip 7 and the conductive sole 10 which covers at most, on the second face of the substrate of dielectric material, two first quadrants delimited by the planes of symmetry of the orthogonal and concurrent substrate along the axis ZZ ', the first two quadrants being symmetrical with respect to the axis ZZ'.
  • the conductive soleplate 10 has two parts symmetrical with respect to the axis ZZ 'and delimited by the edges 100, 101, 102 and 105.
  • the door C disposed symmetrically with the door A with respect to the axis ZZ ′ is formed by the microstrip line formed by the conductive strip 8 and the conductive sole 10.
  • the doors B and D formed by the coplanar lines are respectively constituted by the conductive strips 5 and 6 and by the conductive zones 4, 205 and 3, 206 arranged for example symmetrically with respect to the axis ZZ '.
  • the conductive areas 4, 3 and 205, 206 constituting the coplanar lines cover at most, on the first face of the substrate of dielectric material, the two quadrants adjacent to the first two quadrants.
  • the conductive areas 4, 3 and 205, 206 are electrically connected by conductors 23, 24 constituted for example by gold wires connected to the conductive areas by thermocompression.
  • the couplers according to the invention also make it possible to simplify the technique for manufacturing directive couplers.
  • the dimensions necessary for producing a 3 dB coupler are of the order of a few tenths of a millimeter.
  • the influence of the thickness of the conductive strips and zones is also reduced, with the resulting consequence of the negligible effect of the machining precision of the conductive zones taking into account the performances allowed by conventional screen printing or ion machining processes, and ultimately an increase in reproducibility of coupler performance.
  • the directional microwave couplers according to the invention also facilitate integration of the load resistance in the decoupled channel of the coupler due to the proximity of the ground planes and make it possible to associate two propagation techniques along the coplanar line and along the microstrip line on a same substrate of dielectric material.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments described.
  • the introduction of local modifications of the coupled structure, in particular at the end of the coupled lines with a view to a local modification of the capacitive or inductive coupling of the lines with a view to compensating for the difference in propagation speeds of the even modes and odd is not beyond the scope of the present invention.

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EP79400122A 1978-03-14 1979-02-27 Mikrowellenrichtkoppler und Mikrowellenvorrichtung unter Verwendung des Richtkopplers in Verbindung mit integrierten Schaltungen Expired EP0004228B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7807281 1978-03-14
FR7807281A FR2420220A1 (fr) 1978-03-14 1978-03-14 Coupleur hyperfrequence directif, et circuit hyperfrequence comportant un tel coupleur

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0004228A2 true EP0004228A2 (de) 1979-09-19
EP0004228A3 EP0004228A3 (en) 1979-10-17
EP0004228B1 EP0004228B1 (de) 1981-03-25

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EP79400122A Expired EP0004228B1 (de) 1978-03-14 1979-02-27 Mikrowellenrichtkoppler und Mikrowellenvorrichtung unter Verwendung des Richtkopplers in Verbindung mit integrierten Schaltungen

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US (1) US4224584A (de)
EP (1) EP0004228B1 (de)
DE (1) DE2960208D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2420220A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2838317A1 (de) * 1978-09-01 1980-03-06 Siemens Ag Richtungskoppler
AU580101B2 (en) * 1984-10-30 1988-12-22 Siemens Telecomunicazioni S.P.A. Directional couplers of the branchline type

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5917860A (en) * 1993-12-13 1999-06-29 Industrial Technology Research Institute Digital transmitter utilizing a phase shifter having decoupled coplanar microstrips
US7248129B2 (en) 2004-05-19 2007-07-24 Xytrans, Inc. Microstrip directional coupler

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3769617A (en) * 1971-12-09 1973-10-30 Rca Corp Transmission line using a pair of staggered broad metal strips

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3593208A (en) * 1969-03-17 1971-07-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave quadrature coupler having lumped-element capacitors
US3611153A (en) * 1969-11-12 1971-10-05 Rca Corp Balanced mixer utilizing strip transmission line hybrid
CA1041614A (en) * 1976-10-28 1978-10-31 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Broadband frequency divider using microwave varactors

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3769617A (en) * 1971-12-09 1973-10-30 Rca Corp Transmission line using a pair of staggered broad metal strips

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, vol. MTT-20, no. 11, novembre 1972, New York, R.WAUGH et al.: "Unfolding the lange coupler", page 777-779. *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2838317A1 (de) * 1978-09-01 1980-03-06 Siemens Ag Richtungskoppler
EP0008707A2 (de) * 1978-09-01 1980-03-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Richtungskoppler
EP0008707A3 (de) * 1978-09-01 1980-04-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Richtungskoppler
AU580101B2 (en) * 1984-10-30 1988-12-22 Siemens Telecomunicazioni S.P.A. Directional couplers of the branchline type

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2960208D1 (en) 1981-04-16
US4224584A (en) 1980-09-23
EP0004228A3 (en) 1979-10-17
FR2420220A1 (fr) 1979-10-12
EP0004228B1 (de) 1981-03-25
FR2420220B1 (de) 1980-09-19

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