EP0000562A1 - Two-layer floor covering with sandwich structure for playgrounds and sports grounds and method of production - Google Patents

Two-layer floor covering with sandwich structure for playgrounds and sports grounds and method of production Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000562A1
EP0000562A1 EP78100467A EP78100467A EP0000562A1 EP 0000562 A1 EP0000562 A1 EP 0000562A1 EP 78100467 A EP78100467 A EP 78100467A EP 78100467 A EP78100467 A EP 78100467A EP 0000562 A1 EP0000562 A1 EP 0000562A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
floor covering
layer
polyethylene foam
covering according
cross
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EP78100467A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0000562B1 (en
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Walter Ronc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C19/00—Design or layout of playing courts, rinks, bowling greens or areas for water-skiing; Covers therefor
    • A63C19/04—Mats or carpets for courts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/04—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C13/045—Pavings made of prefabricated single units the prefabricated single units consisting of or including bitumen, rubber or plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/02—2 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/02—Organic
    • B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
    • B32B2266/025—Polyolefin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/72—Cured, e.g. vulcanised, cross-linked
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/554—Wear resistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/712—Weather resistant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/72—Density
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24322—Composite web or sheet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24322—Composite web or sheet
    • Y10T428/24331—Composite web or sheet including nonapertured component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249976—Voids specified as closed
    • Y10T428/249977—Specified thickness of void-containing component [absolute or relative], numerical cell dimension or density
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/261—In terms of molecular thickness or light wave length
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/659—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
    • Y10T442/666—Mechanically interengaged by needling or impingement of fluid [e.g., gas or liquid stream, etc.]
    • Y10T442/667—Needled

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a two-layer floor covering in sandwich construction, consisting of a plastic underlayer and an upper layer made of synthetic high polymer fibers.
  • Elasticity - surface slidability also plays a crucial role in stressing the human musculoskeletal system.
  • High sliding friction or slip resistance blocks foot movement and thus increases the strain on the musculoskeletal system, which can lead to sprains or meniscus injuries, for example.
  • the object on which the invention is based is therefore to develop a floor covering, in particular for sports purposes, and to develop a process for its production which can be easily manufactured and economically installed and maintained while avoiding the disadvantages mentioned above.
  • a covering has been a requirement of sports doctors and, above all, athletes for years. Even so, it is not yet managed to produce an appropriate floor covering.
  • the production of the two-layer floor covering in a sandwich construction is characterized in that the two layers are connected to one another in a web shape by means of flame welding.
  • the flame welding process which is normally used for laminating, enables, in contrast to the adhesives commonly used for sandwich flooring, to achieve a durability and weather resistance that is many times higher than when using adhesives.
  • adhesives causes the textile material to harden, which severely affects the service life of the covering.
  • Laying in sheets or panels also saves a lot of work compared to the liquid introduction of materials (such as in CH patent 565 575).
  • the tread top layer 1 consists of a fleece made of synthetic propylene fibers, which has a needling 2 of at least 2 million punctures / m2. Depending on the type of sport, the needling required is between 2 million and 3.5 million punctures / m2, although for tennis courts, for example, a needling of 3 million punctures / m2 has proven to be advantageous.
  • the top layer is permeable to water, weatherproof and rot-proof.
  • This fleece 1 is now connected by means of the above-mentioned flame welding without an adhesive layer or any other intermediate layer with a closed-cell polyethylene foam 3, the air-filled d
  • the high level of surefootedness required by competitive athletes normally requires high sliding friction with the disadvantages mentioned above.
  • the covering produced according to the invention enables a high level of surefootedness, even on wet floors, but reduces the sliding friction due to the high needling of the textile surface and the damping effect of the closed-cell underlayer.
  • the air trapped in the cells of the lower layer provides very good shock absorption when the foot impacts, as is the case today only with natural underlays such as lawn or sand.
  • the musculoskeletal system is not burdened by a catapult-like recoil and is thus excessively stressed. Thanks to the absorption of the pressure by the lower layer, there is also a greatly increased resistance to abrasion of the step top layer.
  • the lower layer has a thickness of 5.5 mm, the upper layer 6 mm.
  • the lower layer preferably has a density of 30 kg / m3. Specifically, this is achieved, for example, with the Trocellen PE foam developed by Dynamit Nobel.
  • the water permeability of the surface is an absolute requirement for the use of this surface in outdoor sports facilities. Since the polyethylene foam is impermeable to water, an appropriate solution had to be found here. This consists of perforating the polyethylene foam (5), which gives it water permeability. Very good results were achieved with a hole diameter of 4 to 5 mm and a hole spacing of 2o to 3o mm.
  • the shock-absorbing effect of the covering according to the invention in connection with the high sliding security predestine it for use in school buildings and public buildings as well as for walkways and driveways all the more as the sound and heat insulating properties are excellent.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)

Abstract

Sandwich-structured double layer floor covering with the upper surface layer of fleece made of synthetic polymer fiber of at least 5 mm thickness having, on the upper surface, needle work of with a minimum of 2 million stitches per square meter, and with a lower layer of cellular polyethylene having a maximum density of 35 kilograms per cubic meter and a thickness of at least 5 millimeters. The combination of the two different layers and needling make it particularly suitable as a floor covering for sports-grounds especially with regard to sliding friction on the top surface and the shock-absorption property of the lower layer.

Description

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein zweischichtiger Bodenbelag in Sandwichbauweise, bestehend aus einer Kunststoff-Unterschicht und einer Oberschicht aus synthetischen Hochpolymerfasern.The invention relates to a two-layer floor covering in sandwich construction, consisting of a plastic underlayer and an upper layer made of synthetic high polymer fibers.

Es gibt eine ganze Reihe verschiedener Kunststoffbeläge, die beim Bau von Sportanlagen verwendet werden, wie z.B. Tartan. Es ist unbestritten, dass durch den Einsatz solcher Kunststoffbeläge die Wirtschaftlichkeit von Sportanlagen stark verbessert wird und infolge der physikalischen Eigenschaften dieser Böden sehr oft bedeutende Leistungssteigerungen erzielt werden. Diese Beläge sind zudem wartungsfrei, relativ witterungsbeständig und besitzen eine gute Abriebfestigkeit.There are a number of different plastic coverings that are used in the construction of sports facilities, such as Tartan. It is undisputed that the use of such plastic coverings greatly improves the economic viability of sports facilities and that the physical properties of these floors often result in significant increases in performance. These coverings are also maintenance-free, relatively weatherproof and have good abrasion resistance.

Weil die heutigen Kunststoffbeläge durch Einschluss von Altgummischnitzeln oder Kunststoffgranulat eine Elastizität ohne Dämpfungseffekt aufweisen (vgl. z.B. CH Patentschriften Nr. 5o3 504, 547 915, 550 o14 und 565 575), ist es bis heute trotz vielen Veröffentlichungen von bedeutenden Fachleuten nicht gelungen, die nachgewiesenermassen gesundheitsschädlichen Auswirkungen von Kunststoffbelägen zu eliminieren. Die als Kunststoffsyndrom bezeichneten Auswirkungen auf den menschlichen Bewegungsapparat verursachen verschiedenartigste Ueberlastungsschäden wie auch eine Steigerung der Unfallgefahr. In einer breit angelegten Untersuchung von Prof. Dr. med. L.Prokop, Oesterr. Institut für Sportmedizin; Wien, wird festgestellt, dass "die Verwendung von Kunststoffbahnen für Training und Wettkampf mit Sicherheit eine Zunahme bestimmter pathologischer Effekte bewirkt". In die oben erwähnte Untersuchung wurde mehr als 3o verschiedene Kunststoffbeläge einbezogen und u.a. auch auf die für die gesundheitlichen Schädigungen relevanten Parameter untersucht. Dabei wird festgestellt, dass beispielsweise die isolierte Betrachtung der Elastizitätswerte zu Fehlschlüssen führt, da Elastizität nur zusammen mit der Dämpfung beurteilt werden soll. Entscheidend ist dabei die Beanspruchung des Fusses in seiner Funktion als Stossdämpfer. Auf unelastischem hartem Boden wird die Stossdämpferfunktion des Fusses maximal beansprucht, aber auch auf elastischem Boden ist diese Beanspruchung hoch, da durch die Elastizität die auftretenden Kräfte vom Boden durch Rückstoss katapultartig auf den Fuss zurückübertragen werden. Gleichzeitig werden, wie Herr Dr.med. B. Segesser von der orthopädischen Universitätsklinik Felix-Platter-Spital, Basel, in seinem Artikel "Die Belastung des Bewegungsapparats auf Kunststoffböden" feststellt, beim Auftreten des Fusses am Kunststoffbelag Eigenschwingungen von 80 - loo Hz ausgelöst die zusätzlich vom Fuss und seinen die Stabilität sichernden Muskeln und Sehnen aufgefangen und gedämpft werden müssen. Neben der Dämpfungswirkung des Belages - und nicht nur seinerBecause today's plastic coverings have elasticity without the effect of damping due to the inclusion of scrap rubber or plastic granulate (see e.g. CH Patent Nos. 5o3 5 0 4, 547 915, 55 0 o14 and 565 575), it is still not so today, despite many publications by important experts succeeded in eliminating the proven harmful effects of plastic coverings. The effects called plastic syndrome on the human musculoskeletal system cause various types of overload damage as well as an increase in the risk of accidents. In a large-scale study by Prof. Dr. med. L.Prokop, Oesterr. Institute for Sports Medicine; Vienna, it is stated that "the use of plastic sheets for training and competition with certainty an increase of certain pathological effects ". In the above-mentioned investigation more than 30 different plastic coverings were included and among other things also examined for the parameters relevant to the health damage. It is found that, for example, the isolated consideration of the elasticity values leads to incorrect conclusions, since elasticity should only be assessed together with the cushioning. The decisive factor here is the stress on the foot in its function as a shock absorber. The shock-absorbing function of the foot is subjected to maximum stress on inelastic, hard ground, but this stress is also high on elastic ground, since the elasticity causes the forces from the floor to be transferred catapult-like back to the foot by means of recoil. At the same time, as Dr.med. B. Segesser from the orthopedic university clinic Felix-Platter-Spital, Basel, in his article "The burden of movement apparatus on plastic floors ", when the foot appears on the plastic covering, natural vibrations of 8 0 - 100 Hz are triggered, which must also be absorbed and dampened by the foot and its muscles and tendons, which ensure stability. In addition to the damping effect of the covering - and not just its

Elastizität - spielt auch die Oberflächengleitfähigkeit eine entscheidende Rolle bezüglich der Beanspruchung des menschlichen Bewegungsapparates. Hohe Gleitreibung oder Rutschfestigkeit blockiert die Fussbewegung und erhöht so die Beanspruchung des Bewegungsapparats, was beispielsweise zu Verstauchungen oder Meniskusverletzungen führen kann.Elasticity - surface slidability also plays a crucial role in stressing the human musculoskeletal system. High sliding friction or slip resistance blocks foot movement and thus increases the strain on the musculoskeletal system, which can lead to sprains or meniscus injuries, for example.

In einer Untersuchung durch das Laboratorium für Biomechanik der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule, Zürich, (Dr. B. Nigg) wurde die Belastung des menschlichen Bewegungsapparats durch verschiedene Bodenbeläge untersucht. Dabei schnitt der Kunststoffbelag am schlechtesten ab; die Mittelwerte lagen etwas höher als bei Asphalt und 81 % höher als bei Rasen sowie 4o % höher als bei der konventionellen Aschenbahn.In an investigation by the Laboratory for Biomechanics of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, (Dr. B. Nigg) the load on the human musculoskeletal system was examined by various floor coverings. The plastic covering performed the worst; the mean values were somewhat higher than with asphalt and 81% higher than with lawn and 4o% higher than with the conventional cinder track.

Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe besteht deshalb darin, einen Bodenbelag, insbesondere für Sportzwecke, sowie ein Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung zu entwickeln, der unter Vermeidung der oben erwähnten Nachteile einfach herstellbar und wirtschaftlich verlegt und unterhalten werden kann. Ein solcher Belag ist seit Jahren eine Forderung der Sportmediziner und vor allem der Sportler. Trotzdem ist es bis jetzt nicht gelungen, einen entsprechenden Bodenbelag herzustellen.The object on which the invention is based is therefore to develop a floor covering, in particular for sports purposes, and to develop a process for its production which can be easily manufactured and economically installed and maintained while avoiding the disadvantages mentioned above. Such a covering has been a requirement of sports doctors and, above all, athletes for years. Even so, it is not yet managed to produce an appropriate floor covering.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Kombination eines geschlossenzelligen, vernetzten Polyäthylen-Schaumstoffes, der ein max. Raumgewicht von 35 kg/m3 aufweist, mit einem als Oberschicht dienenden Vlies aus synthetischen Hochpolymerfasern, das eine Nadelung von mindestens 2 Millionen Einstichen pro m2 aufweist, wobei Ober- und Unterschicht mindestens je 5 mm dick sein müssen.This problem is solved by the combination of a closed-cell, cross-linked polyethylene foam, which has a max. Has a density of 35 kg / m3, with a non-woven layer made of synthetic high-polymer fibers, which has a needling of at least 2 million punctures per m2, the upper and lower layers must be at least 5 mm thick.

Die Herstellung des zweischichtigen Bodenbelags in Sandwichbauweise ist erfindungsgemäss dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Schichten bahnförmig mittels Flammschweissen miteinander verbunden werden.According to the invention, the production of the two-layer floor covering in a sandwich construction is characterized in that the two layers are connected to one another in a web shape by means of flame welding.

Das Flammschweissverfahren, das normalerweise bei Kaschierungen verwendet wird, ermöglicht es, im Gegensatz etwa zu den üblicherweise bei Bodenbelägen in Sandwichbauweise verwendeten Klebern, eine Haltbarkeit und Witterungsbeständigkeit zu erreichen, die um ein Vielfaches höher liegt als bei Verwendung von Klebstoffen. Entscheidend ist aber auch, dass der Einsatz von Klebstoffen eine Verhärtung des textilen Materials zur Folge hat, wodurch die Lebensdauer des Belages stark beeinträchtigt wird. Das Verlegen in Bahnen oder Platten bringt zudem eine wesentliche Arbeitseinsparung gegenüber dem verflüssigtem Einbringen von Materialien (wie z.B. in der CH Patentschrift 565 575).The flame welding process, which is normally used for laminating, enables, in contrast to the adhesives commonly used for sandwich flooring, to achieve a durability and weather resistance that is many times higher than when using adhesives. However, it is also crucial that the use of adhesives causes the textile material to harden, which severely affects the service life of the covering. Laying in sheets or panels also saves a lot of work compared to the liquid introduction of materials (such as in CH patent 565 575).

Anhand einer Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemässen zweischichtigen Bodenbelags in Sandwichbauweise rein schematisch im Quertschnitt dargestellt und nachstehend erläutert.An exemplary embodiment of the two-layer floor covering in sandwich construction according to the invention is shown purely schematically in cross section and explained below.

Die Trittoberschicht 1 besteht aus einem Vlies aus synthetischen Pclypropylenfasern, das eine Nadelung 2 von mindestens 2 Millionen Einstichen/m2 aufweist. Je nach Sportart liegt die notwendige Vernadelung bei 2 Millionen bis 3,5 Millionen Einstichen/m2, wobei sich beispielsweise für Tennisplätze eine Nadelung von 3 Millionen Einstichen/m2 als vorteilhaft erwiesen hat. Die Trittoberschicht ist wasserdurchlässig, witterungs- und verrotungsfest.The tread top layer 1 consists of a fleece made of synthetic propylene fibers, which has a needling 2 of at least 2 million punctures / m2. Depending on the type of sport, the needling required is between 2 million and 3.5 million punctures / m2, although for tennis courts, for example, a needling of 3 million punctures / m2 has proven to be advantageous. The top layer is permeable to water, weatherproof and rot-proof.

Dieses Vlies 1 wird nun mittels des oben erwähnten Flammschweissens ohne Klebeschicht oder irgend eine andere Zwischenschicht mit einem geschlossenzelligen Polyäthylen-Schaumstoff 3 verbunden, der luftgefüllte dThis fleece 1 is now connected by means of the above-mentioned flame welding without an adhesive layer or any other intermediate layer with a closed-cell polyethylene foam 3, the air-filled d

Hohlräume 4 aufweist. Durch die Kombination der Schichten 1 und 3 mit Hilfe des oben erwähnten Verfahrens wird nun ein synergistischer Effekt inbezug auf die Gebrauchstüchtigkeit des Verbundmaterials erreicht, der in verschiedener Hinsicht verblüffend ist.Has cavities 4. By combining layers 1 and 3 with the aid of the above-mentioned method, a synergistic effect with regard to the serviceability of the composite material is achieved, which is astonishing in various respects.

Die von Leistungssportlern geforderte hohe Trittsicherheit erfordert normalerweise eine hohe Gleitreibung mit den oben genannten Nachteilen. Der erfindungsgemäss hergestellte Belag ermöglicht, selbst bei nassem Boden, eine hohe Trittsicherheit, mindert aber die Gleitreibung durch die hohe Vernadelung der textilen Oberfläche und die dämpfende Wirkung der geschlossenzelligen Unterschicht. Im Gegensatz zu den heutigen Kurststoffbelägen bewirkt die in den Zellen der Unterschicht eingeschlossene Luft eine sehr gute Stossdämpfung beim Aufprall des Fusses, wie dies heute nur bei natürlichen Unterlagen wie beispielsweise Rasen oder Sand der Fall ist. Insbesondere wird der Bewegungsapparat nicht durch einen katapultartigen Rückstoss belastet und so übermässig beansprucht. Dank der Absorption des Druckes durch die Unterschicht ergibt sich zudem eine stark erhöhte Abriebfestigkeit der Trittoberschicht.The high level of surefootedness required by competitive athletes normally requires high sliding friction with the disadvantages mentioned above. The covering produced according to the invention enables a high level of surefootedness, even on wet floors, but reduces the sliding friction due to the high needling of the textile surface and the damping effect of the closed-cell underlayer. In contrast to today's course material coverings, the air trapped in the cells of the lower layer provides very good shock absorption when the foot impacts, as is the case today only with natural underlays such as lawn or sand. In particular, the musculoskeletal system is not burdened by a catapult-like recoil and is thus excessively stressed. Thanks to the absorption of the pressure by the lower layer, there is also a greatly increased resistance to abrasion of the step top layer.

Nach einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die Unterschicht eine Dicke von 5,5 mm auf, die Oberschicht eine solche von 6 mm.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the lower layer has a thickness of 5.5 mm, the upper layer 6 mm.

Um einen möglichst optimalen Dämpungseffekt ohne.entsprechende Leistungseinbusse zu erhalten, weist die Unterschicht vorzugsweise ein Raumgewicht von 3o kg/m3 auf. Konkret wird dies beispielsweise mit dem von Dynamit Nobel entwickelten PE-Schaumstoff Trocellen erreicht.In order to obtain the best possible damping effect without a corresponding loss in performance, the lower layer preferably has a density of 30 kg / m3. Specifically, this is achieved, for example, with the Trocellen PE foam developed by Dynamit Nobel.

Für die Anwendung dieses Belages in Freiluftsportstätten ist die Wasserdurchlässigkeit des Belages eine unbedingte Voraussetzung. Da der Polyäthylen-Schaumstoff wasserundurchlässig ist, musste hier eine entsprechende Lösung gefunden werden. Diese besteht darin, den Polyäthylen-Schaumstoff zu perforieren (5), womit die Wasserdurchlässigkeit gegeben ist. Sehr gute Resultate wurden erzielt mit einem Lochdurchmesser von 4 bis 5 mm und einem Lochabstand von 2o bis 3o mm.The water permeability of the surface is an absolute requirement for the use of this surface in outdoor sports facilities. Since the polyethylene foam is impermeable to water, an appropriate solution had to be found here. This consists of perforating the polyethylene foam (5), which gives it water permeability. Very good results were achieved with a hole diameter of 4 to 5 mm and a hole spacing of 2o to 3o mm.

Hier zeigt sich ein weiterer bedeutender Vorteil des Flamirschweissverfahrens gegenüber der Verwendung von Klebstoffen, indem die Haftfestigkeit nicht abhängig ist vom Verhältnis der verklebten Fläche zur freien Fläche (wie beispielsweise in der CH Patentschrift Nr. 55o 014 beschrieben), denn der Forderung nach Haftfestigkeit, d.h. möglichst grossem Anteil an verklebter Fläche ist die Forderung nach Wasserdurchlässigkeit, d.h. möglichst wenig verklebter Fläche, diametral entgegengesetzt.This shows another significant advantage of the flame welding process compared to the use of adhesives in that the adhesive strength is not dependent is of the ratio of the bonded area to the free area (as described, for example, in CH Patent No. 55o 0 14), because the requirement for adhesive strength, ie the largest possible proportion of bonded area, is diametrical for water permeability, ie the least amount of bonded area opposite.

Die Wasserdurchlässigkeit beeinflusst stark die Benützbarkeit des Bodens nach Regenfall, was beispielsweise für Tennisplätze von entscheidender Bedeutung ist. Es wurden deshalb Versuche auf verschiedenen Unterbaumaterialien durchgeführt (poröser und glatter Beton; rauher, poröser und glatter Asphalt; poröser Zement und Zement-Formsteine). Alle diese Versuche ergaben selbst bei nassem Belag eine gute Bespielbarkeit und zeigten zudem eine ausgezeichnete Wasserdurchlässigkeit ohne Beeinträchtigung der synergistischen Effekte des Verbundbelages.The water permeability strongly influences the usability of the soil after rain, which is of crucial importance for tennis courts, for example. For this reason, tests were carried out on different substructure materials (porous and smooth concrete; rough, porous and smooth asphalt; porous cement and cement blocks). All of these tests gave good playability even with a wet surface and also showed excellent water permeability without impairing the synergistic effects of the composite surface.

Die stossdämpfende Wirkung des erfindungsgemässen Belages in Verbindung mit der hohen Gleitsicherheit prädestinieren ihn aber auch für den Einsatz in Schulhäusern und öffentlichen Gebäuden sowie für Geh- und Fahrwege, dies um so mehr, als auch die schall- und wärmeisolierenden Eigenschaften ausgezeichnet sind.However, the shock-absorbing effect of the covering according to the invention in connection with the high sliding security predestine it for use in school buildings and public buildings as well as for walkways and driveways all the more as the sound and heat insulating properties are excellent.

Claims (7)

1. Zweischichtiger Bodenbelag in Sandwichbauweise, insbesondere für Sportzwecke, gekennzeichnet durch die Kombination eines geschlossenzelligen, vernetzten Polyäthylen-Schaumstoffes, der ein maximales Raumgewicht von 35 kg/m3 aufweist, mit einem als Oberschicht dienenden Vlies aus synthetischen Hochpolymerfasern, das eine Nadelung von mindestens 2 Millionen Einstichen pro m2 aufweist, wobei Ober- und Unterschicht mindestens je 5 mm dick sein müssen.1.Two-layer floor covering in sandwich construction, in particular for sports purposes, characterized by the combination of a closed-cell, cross-linked polyethylene foam, which has a maximum density of 35 kg / m 3 , with a non-woven layer made of synthetic high-polymer fibers and serving as a top layer, which has a needling of at least Has 2 million punctures per m 2 , the top and bottom layers must be at least 5 mm thick. 2. Bodenbelag nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Unterschicht aus vernetztem Polyäthylen - Schaumstoff eine Dicke von 5,5 mm aufweist und die Oberschicht eine solche von 6,0 mm.2. Floor covering according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower layer made of cross-linked polyethylene foam has a thickness of 5.5 mm and the upper layer has a thickness of 6.0 mm. 3. Bodenbelag nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Unterschicht aus vernetztem, geschlossenzelligem Polyäthylen-Schaumstoff ein Raumgewicht von 30 kg/m3 aufweist.3. Floor covering according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower layer of cross-linked, closed-cell polyethylene foam has a density of 30 kg / m 3 . 4. Bodenbelag nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Unterschicht aus vernetztem Polyäthylen - Schaumstoff eine Perforation aufweist.4. Floor covering according to claim 1, characterized in that the underlayer made of cross-linked polyethylene foam has a perforation. 5. Bodenbelag nach den Patentansprüchen 1 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Lochdurchmesser 4 bis 5 mm beträgt bei einem Lochabstand von 20 bis 30 mm.5. Floor covering according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the hole diameter is 4 to 5 mm with a hole spacing of 20 to 30 mm. 6. Bodenbelag nach den Patentansprüchen 1 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das als Oberschicht dienende Vlies eine Nadelung von drei Millionen Einstichen pro m2 aufweist.6. Floor covering according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the fleece serving as the top layer has a needling of three million punctures per m 2 . 7. Verfahren zur Herstellung des zweischichtigen Bodenbelages in Sandwichbauweise nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Schichten bahnförmig mittels Flammschweissen miteinander verbunden werden.7. A method for producing the two-layer flooring in sandwich construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the two layers are joined together in a web shape by means of flame welding.
EP78100467A 1977-07-25 1978-07-21 Two-layer floor covering with sandwich structure for playgrounds and sports grounds and method of production Expired EP0000562B1 (en)

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CH925677A CH616802GA3 (en) 1977-07-25 1977-07-25
CH9256/77 1977-07-25

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CH616802B (en)
EP0000562B1 (en) 1981-11-11
US4199639A (en) 1980-04-22
CH616802GA3 (en) 1980-04-30

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