EP0000562B1 - Two-layer floor covering with sandwich structure for playgrounds and sports grounds and method of production - Google Patents

Two-layer floor covering with sandwich structure for playgrounds and sports grounds and method of production Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000562B1
EP0000562B1 EP78100467A EP78100467A EP0000562B1 EP 0000562 B1 EP0000562 B1 EP 0000562B1 EP 78100467 A EP78100467 A EP 78100467A EP 78100467 A EP78100467 A EP 78100467A EP 0000562 B1 EP0000562 B1 EP 0000562B1
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Prior art keywords
floor covering
layer
per
lower layer
millimeters
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EP78100467A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0000562A1 (en
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Walter Ronc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C19/00—Design or layout of playing courts, rinks, bowling greens or areas for water-skiing; Covers therefor
    • A63C19/04—Mats or carpets for courts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/04—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C13/045—Pavings made of prefabricated single units the prefabricated single units consisting of or including bitumen, rubber or plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/02—2 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/02—Organic
    • B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
    • B32B2266/025—Polyolefin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/72—Cured, e.g. vulcanised, cross-linked
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/554—Wear resistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/712—Weather resistant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/72—Density
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24322—Composite web or sheet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24322—Composite web or sheet
    • Y10T428/24331—Composite web or sheet including nonapertured component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249976—Voids specified as closed
    • Y10T428/249977—Specified thickness of void-containing component [absolute or relative], numerical cell dimension or density
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/261—In terms of molecular thickness or light wave length
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/659—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
    • Y10T442/666—Mechanically interengaged by needling or impingement of fluid [e.g., gas or liquid stream, etc.]
    • Y10T442/667—Needled

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a two-layer floor covering in sandwich construction for play and sports facilities, consisting of a plastic underlayer and an upper layer made of synthetic high polymer fibers.
  • plastic coverings that are used in the construction of sports facilities, such as the tartan. It is undisputed that the use of such plastic coverings greatly improves the economic viability of sports facilities and that the physical properties of these floors often result in significant increases in performance. These coverings are also maintenance-free, relatively weatherproof and have good abrasion resistance.
  • the object on which the invention is based is therefore to develop a floor covering for play and sports facilities, and a method for its production, the floor covering having a good shock-absorbing effect and a sliding friction which is not very demanding on the human musculoskeletal system, is easy to produce and can be relocated and maintained economically.
  • a covering has been a requirement of sports doctors and, above all, athletes for years. Nevertheless, it has so far not been possible to produce an appropriate floor covering.
  • This object is achieved by the combination of a sheet-like structure which forms the underlayer and which may be perforated, closed-cell, crosslinked polyethylene foam with a max. Density of 35 kg / m 3 and a sheet made of synthetic high polymer fibers serving as the top layer in the form of a needled fleece having at least 2 million punctures per m 2 , both sheets having to be at least 5 mm thick.
  • the production of the two-layer floor covering in a sandwich construction is characterized in that the two layers are connected to one another in a web shape by means of flame welding.
  • connection of polyethylene foam and a needle felt in sandwich construction, in particular by means of flame welding is generally known (cf. GB-A-1.368.083 and GB-A-1.415.852).
  • pre-designated applications for example for carpets or upholstery
  • the combination idea according to the invention ie primarily the creation of a new and surprising one Damping effect, which is of crucial importance in the prevention of health-damaging effects on the human musculoskeletal system through the use of the combination according to the invention in sports field construction.
  • the flame welding process which is normally used for laminations, enables, in contrast to the adhesives usually used for floor coverings in sandwich construction, a durability and weather resistance that is many times higher than when using adhesives. It is also crucial that the use of adhesives results in hardening of the textile material, which greatly affects the service life of the covering.
  • the top layer consists of a needled fleece (1) made of synthetic polypropylene fibers, which has a needling of at least 2 million punctures (2) / per m 2 . Depending on the type of sport, the needling required is between 2 million and 3.5 million punctures / m 2 , with needling of 3 million punctures / m 2 having proven to be advantageous, for example, for tennis courts.
  • the top layer is water-permeable, weatherproof and rot-proof.
  • This fleece 1 is now connected by means of the above-mentioned flame welding without an adhesive layer or any other intermediate layer to a closed-cell cross-linked polyethylene foam (3) which has air-filled cavities 4.
  • the high level of sure-footedness required by competitive athletes normally requires high sliding friction with the disadvantages mentioned above.
  • the covering produced according to the invention enables a high level of surefootedness, even on wet floors, but reduces the sliding friction due to the high needling of the textile surface and the damping effect of the closed-cell underlayer.
  • the air trapped in the cells of the underlayer provides very good shock absorption when the foot strikes, as is only the case today with natural underlays such as grass or sand.
  • the musculoskeletal system is not burdened by a catapult-like recoil and is thus excessively stressed. Thanks to the absorption of the pressure by the lower layer, there is also a greatly increased resistance to abrasion of the step top layer.
  • the lower layer has a thickness of 5.5 mm, the upper layer 6 mm.
  • the lower layer preferably has a density of 30 kg / m 3 . Specifically, this is achieved with the PE foam "Trocellen" developed by Dynamit Nobel.
  • the water permeability of the surface is an absolute requirement for the use of this surface in outdoor sports facilities. Since the polyethylene foam is impermeable to water, an appropriate solution had to be found here. This consists of perforating the polyethylene foam (5), which gives it water permeability. Very good results were achieved with a hole diameter of 4 to 5 mm and a hole spacing of 20 to 30 mm.
  • shock-absorbing effect of the covering according to the invention in connection with the high sliding security also predestine it for use in school buildings and public buildings as well as for walkways and driveways, all the more so as the sound and heat insulating properties are excellent.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)

Abstract

Sandwich-structured double layer floor covering with the upper surface layer of fleece made of synthetic polymer fiber of at least 5 mm thickness having, on the upper surface, needle work of with a minimum of 2 million stitches per square meter, and with a lower layer of cellular polyethylene having a maximum density of 35 kilograms per cubic meter and a thickness of at least 5 millimeters. The combination of the two different layers and needling make it particularly suitable as a floor covering for sports-grounds especially with regard to sliding friction on the top surface and the shock-absorption property of the lower layer.

Description

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein zweischichtiger Bodenbelag in Sandwichbauweise für Spiel- und Sportanlagen, bestehend aus einer Kunststoff-Unterschicht und einer Oberschicht aus synthetischen Hochpolymerfasern.The invention relates to a two-layer floor covering in sandwich construction for play and sports facilities, consisting of a plastic underlayer and an upper layer made of synthetic high polymer fibers.

Es gibt eine ganze Reihe verschiedener Kunststoffbeläge, die beim Bau von Sportanlagen verwendet werden, wie z.B. das Tartan. Es ist unbestritten, dass durch den Einsatz solcher Kunststoffbeläge die Wirtschaftlichkeit von Sportanlagen stark verbessert wird und infolge der physikalischen Eigenschaften dieser Böden sehr oft bedeutende Leistungssteigerungen erzielt werden. Diese Beläge sind zudem wartungsfrei, relativ witterungsbeständig und besitzen eine gute Abriebfestigkeit.There are a number of different plastic coverings that are used in the construction of sports facilities, such as the tartan. It is undisputed that the use of such plastic coverings greatly improves the economic viability of sports facilities and that the physical properties of these floors often result in significant increases in performance. These coverings are also maintenance-free, relatively weatherproof and have good abrasion resistance.

Weil die heutigen Kunststoffbeläge durch Einschluss von Altgummischnitzeln oder Kunststoffgranulat eine Elastizität ohne Dämpfungseffekt aufweisen (vgl. z.B. CH-A-503 504, 547915, 550014 und 565 575), ist es bis heute trotz vielen Veröffentlichungen von bedeutenden Fachleuten nicht gelungen, die nachgewiesenermassen gesundheitsschädlichen Auswirkungen von Kunststoffbelägen zu eliminieren. Die als Kunststoffsyndrom bezeichneten Auswirkungen auf den menschlichen Bewegungsapparat verursachen verschiedenartigste Ueberlastungsschäden wie auch eine Steigerung der Unfallgefahr. In einer breit angelegten Untersuchung von Prof. Dr. med. L. Prokop, Oesterr. Institut für Sportmedizin, Wien, wird festgestellt, dass "die Verwendung von Kunststoffbahnen für Training und Wettkampf mit Sicherheit eine Zunahme bestimmter pathologischer Effekte bewirkt". In die oben erwähnte Untersuchung wurde mehr als 30 verschiedene Kunststoffbeläge einbezogen und u.a. auch auf die für die gesundheitlichen Schädigungen relevanten Parameter untersucht. Dabei wird festgestellt, dass beispielsweise die isolierte Betrachtung der Elastizitätswerte zu Fehlschlüssen führt, da Elastizität nur zusammen mit der Dämpfung beurteilt werden soll. Entscheidend ist dabei die Beanspruchung des Fusses in seiner Funktion als Stossdämpfer. Auf unelastischen hartem Boden wird die Stossdämpferfunktion des Fusses maximal beansprucht, aber auch auf elastischem Boden ist diese Beanspruchung hoch, da durch die Elastizität die auftretenden Kräfte vom Boden durch Rückstoss katapultartig auf den Fuss zurückübertragen werden. Gleichzeitig werden, wie Herr Dr. med. B. Segesser von der orthopädischen Universitätsklinik Felix-Platter-Spital, Basel, in seinem Artikel "Die Belastung des Bewegungsapparats auf Kunststoffböden" feststellt, beim Auftreten des Fusses am Kunststoffbelag Eigenschwingungen von 80-100 Hz ausgelöst die zusätzlich vom Fuss und seinen die Stabilität sichernden Muskeln und Sehnen aufgefangen und gedämpf werden müssen. Neben der Dämpfungswirkung des Belages - und nicht nur seiner Elastizität - spielt auch die Oberflächengleitfähigkeit eine entscheidende Rolle bezüglich der Beanspruchung des menschlichen Bewegungsapparates. Hohe Gleitreibung oder Rutschfestigkeit blockiert die Fussbewegung und erhöht so die Beanspruchung des Bewegungsapparats, was beispielsweise zu Verstauchungen oder Meniskusverletzungen führen kann.Because today's plastic coverings, due to the inclusion of scrap rubber or plastic granulate, have elasticity without a damping effect (see e.g. CH-A-503 504, 547915, 550014 and 565 575), despite many publications by important experts it has not been possible to date to prove that they are harmful to health Eliminate the effects of plastic coverings. The effects known as plastic syndrome on the human musculoskeletal system cause various types of overload damage as well as an increase in the risk of accidents. In a large-scale study by Prof. Dr. med. L. Prokop, Oesterr. Institute for Sports Medicine, Vienna, states that "the use of plastic tracks for training and competition certainly causes an increase in certain pathological effects". More than 30 different plastic coverings were included in the above-mentioned investigation and also examined for the parameters relevant to health damage. It is found that, for example, the isolated consideration of the elasticity values leads to incorrect conclusions, since elasticity should only be assessed together with the damping. The decisive factor is the stress on the foot in its function as a shock absorber. The shock-absorbing function of the foot is subjected to maximum stress on inelastic hard ground, but this stress is also high on elastic ground, since the elasticity means that the forces from the ground are catapult-like transmitted back to the foot. At the same time, as Dr. med. B. Segesser of the orthopedic university clinic Felix-Platter-Spital, Basel, in his article "The strain on the musculoskeletal system on plastic floors" states that when the foot appears on the plastic covering, natural vibrations of 80-100 Hz are triggered, which additionally ensure stability and stability of the foot Muscles and tendons have to be absorbed and cushioned. In addition to the damping effect of the covering - and not only its elasticity - the surface slidability also plays a decisive role with regard to the strain on the human musculoskeletal system. High sliding friction or slip resistance blocks foot movement and thus increases the strain on the musculoskeletal system, which can lead to sprains or meniscus injuries, for example.

In einer Untersuchung durch das Laboratorium für Biomechanik der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule, Zürich (Dr. B. Nigg) wurde die Belastung des menschlichen Bewegungsapparats durch verschiedene Bodenbeläge untersucht. Dabei schnitt der Kunststoffbelag am schlechtesten ab; die Mittelwerte lagen etwas höher als bei Asphalt und 81% höher als bei Rasen sowie 40% höher als bei der konventionellen Aschenbahn.In an investigation by the Laboratory for Biomechanics of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich (Dr. B. Nigg), the load on the human musculoskeletal system from various floor coverings was examined. The plastic covering performed the worst; the mean values were somewhat higher than with asphalt and 81% higher than with lawn and 40% higher than with the conventional cinder track.

Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe besteht deshalb darin, einen Bodenbelag für Spiel- und Sportanlagen, sowie ein Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung zu entwickeln, wobei der Bodenbelag eine gute stoßdämpfende Wirkung und eine den menschlichen Bewegungsapparat nicht hoch beanspruchende, Gleitreibung haben soll, einfach herstellbar ist und wirtschaftlich verlegt und unterhalten werden kann. Ein solcher Belag ist seit Jahren eine Forderung der Sportmediziner und vor allem der Sportler. Trotzdem ist es bis jetzt nicht gelungen, einen entsprechenden Bodenbelag herzustellen. Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Kombination eines die Unterschicht bildenden Flächengebildes aus einem gegebenenfalls perforierten, geschlossenzelligen vernetzten Polyäthylen-Schaumstoff mit einem max. Raumgewicht von 35 kg/m3 und einem als Oberschicht dienenden Flächengebilde aus synthetischen Hochpolymerfasern in Form eines mindestens 2 Millionen Einstiche pro m2 aufweisenden genadelten Vlieses, wobei beide Flächengebilde mindestens je 5 mm dick sein müssen.The object on which the invention is based is therefore to develop a floor covering for play and sports facilities, and a method for its production, the floor covering having a good shock-absorbing effect and a sliding friction which is not very demanding on the human musculoskeletal system, is easy to produce and can be relocated and maintained economically. Such a covering has been a requirement of sports doctors and, above all, athletes for years. Nevertheless, it has so far not been possible to produce an appropriate floor covering. This object is achieved by the combination of a sheet-like structure which forms the underlayer and which may be perforated, closed-cell, crosslinked polyethylene foam with a max. Density of 35 kg / m 3 and a sheet made of synthetic high polymer fibers serving as the top layer in the form of a needled fleece having at least 2 million punctures per m 2 , both sheets having to be at least 5 mm thick.

Die Herstellung des zweischichtigen Bodenbelags in Sandwichbauweise ist erfindungsgemäss dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Schichten bahnförmig mittels Flammschweissen miteinander verbunden werden.According to the invention, the production of the two-layer floor covering in a sandwich construction is characterized in that the two layers are connected to one another in a web shape by means of flame welding.

Die Verbindung von Polyäthylen-Schaumstoff und einem Nadelfilz in Sandwichbauweise, insbesondere mittels Flammverschweissen ist grundsätzlich bekannt (vgl. dazu GB-A-1.368.083 und GB-A-1.415.852). Die vorbektannten Anwendungen (z.B. für Teppiche oder Polsterung) entbehren jedoch völlig der für die erfindungsgemässe Verwendung notwendigen Spezifikationen, sowie insbesondere auch des erfindungsgemässen Kombinationsgedankens, d.h. in erster Linie der Erzeilung eines neuartigen überraschenden Dämpfungseffektes, dem durch den Einstaz der erfindungsgemässen Kombination im Sportplatzbau eine entscheidende Bedeutung bei der Verhinderung gesundheitsschädlicher Auswirkungen auf den menschlichen Bewegungsapparat zukommt. Durch die erfindungsgemässe Kombination, d.h. die Verbindung von Polyäthylen-Schaumstoff mit einem genadelten Vlies gemäss den im Patentanspruch definierten Spezifikationen, wird ein im Sportplatzbau absolut neuartigen technischen Effekt erzielt (Dämpfungseffekt), der in keiner Art und Weise aus vorveröffentlichten Patentschriften oder anderen Schrift- und Bildwerken bekannt ist.The connection of polyethylene foam and a needle felt in sandwich construction, in particular by means of flame welding, is generally known (cf. GB-A-1.368.083 and GB-A-1.415.852). However, the pre-designated applications (for example for carpets or upholstery) are entirely devoid of the specifications necessary for the use according to the invention, and in particular also of the combination idea according to the invention, ie primarily the creation of a new and surprising one Damping effect, which is of crucial importance in the prevention of health-damaging effects on the human musculoskeletal system through the use of the combination according to the invention in sports field construction. The combination according to the invention, ie the connection of polyethylene foam with a needled fleece according to the specifications defined in the claim, achieves a completely new technical effect in sports field construction (damping effect), which in no way from pre-published patents or other documents and Is known.

Das Flammschweissverfahren, das normalerweise bei Kaschierungen verwendet wird, ermöglicht es, im Gegensatz etwa zu den üblicherweise bei Bodenbelägen in Sandwichbauweise verwendeten Klebern, eine Haltbarkeit und Witterungsbeständigkeit zu erreichen, die um ein Vielfaches höher liegt als bei Verwendung von Klebstoffen. Entscheidend ist aber auch, dass der Einstaz von Klebstoffen eine Verhärtung des textilen Materials zur Folge hat, wodurch die Lebensdauer des Belages stark beeinträchtigt wird.The flame welding process, which is normally used for laminations, enables, in contrast to the adhesives usually used for floor coverings in sandwich construction, a durability and weather resistance that is many times higher than when using adhesives. It is also crucial that the use of adhesives results in hardening of the textile material, which greatly affects the service life of the covering.

Das Verlegen in Bahnen oder Platten bringt zudem eine wesentliche Arbeitseinsparung gegenüber dem verflüssigtem Einbringen von Materialien (wie z.B. in der CH-A-565 575).Laying in sheets or panels also saves a lot of work compared to the liquid introduction of materials (e.g. in CH-A-565 575).

Anhand einer Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemässen zweischichtigen Belags in Sandwichbauweise rein schematisch im Querschnitt dargestellt und nachstehend erläutert.An exemplary embodiment of the two-layer covering in sandwich construction according to the invention is shown purely schematically in cross section and explained below.

Die Trittoberschicht besteht aus einem genadelten Vlies (1) aus synthetischen Polypropylenfasern, das eine Nadelung von mindestens 2 Millionen Einstichen (2)/pro m2 aufweist. Je nach Sportart liegt die notwendige Vernadelung bei 2 Millionen bis 3,5 Millionen Einstichen/m2, wobei sich beispielsweise für Tennisplätze eine Nadelung von 3 Millionen Einstichen/m2 als vorteilhaft erwiesen hat. Die Trittoberschicht ist wasserdurchlässig, witterungs- und verrottungsfest Dieses Vlies 1 wird nun mittels des oben erwähnten Flammschweissens ohne Klebschicht oder irgend eine andere Zwischenschicht mit einem geschlossenzelligen vernetzten Polyäthylen-Schaumstoff (3) verbunden, der luftgefüllte Hohlräume 4 aufweist. Durch die Kombination der Schichten 1 und 3 mit Hilfe des oben erwähnten Verfahrens wird nun ein synergistischer Effekt inbezung auf die Gebrauchstüchtigkeit des Verbundmaterials erreicht, der in verschiedener Hinsicht verblüffend ist.The top layer consists of a needled fleece (1) made of synthetic polypropylene fibers, which has a needling of at least 2 million punctures (2) / per m 2 . Depending on the type of sport, the needling required is between 2 million and 3.5 million punctures / m 2 , with needling of 3 million punctures / m 2 having proven to be advantageous, for example, for tennis courts. The top layer is water-permeable, weatherproof and rot-proof. This fleece 1 is now connected by means of the above-mentioned flame welding without an adhesive layer or any other intermediate layer to a closed-cell cross-linked polyethylene foam (3) which has air-filled cavities 4. By combining layers 1 and 3 with the aid of the above-mentioned method, a synergistic effect with regard to the serviceability of the composite material is achieved, which is astonishing in various respects.

Die von Leistungssportlern geforderte hohe Trittsicherheit erfordert normalerweise eine hohe Gleitreibung mit den oben genannten Nachteilen. Der erfindungsgemäss hergestellte Belag ermöglicht, selbst bei nassem Boden, eine hohe Trittsicherheit, mindert aber die Gleitreibung durch die hohe Vernadelung der textilen Oberfläche und die dämpfende Wirkung der geschlossenzelligen Unterschicht. Im Gegensatz zu den heutigen Kunststoffbelägen bewirkt die in den Zellen der Underschicht eingeschlossene Luft eine sehr gute Stossdämpfung beim Aufprall des Fusses, wie dies heute nur bei natürlichen Unterlagen wie beispielsweise Rasen oder Sand der Fall ist. Insbesondere wird der Bewegungsapparat nicht durch einen katapultartigen Rückstoss belastet und so übermässig beansprucht. Dank der Absorption des Druckes durch die Unterschicht ergibt sich zudem eine stark erhöhte Abriebfestigkeit der Trittoberschicht.The high level of sure-footedness required by competitive athletes normally requires high sliding friction with the disadvantages mentioned above. The covering produced according to the invention enables a high level of surefootedness, even on wet floors, but reduces the sliding friction due to the high needling of the textile surface and the damping effect of the closed-cell underlayer. In contrast to today's plastic coverings, the air trapped in the cells of the underlayer provides very good shock absorption when the foot strikes, as is only the case today with natural underlays such as grass or sand. In particular, the musculoskeletal system is not burdened by a catapult-like recoil and is thus excessively stressed. Thanks to the absorption of the pressure by the lower layer, there is also a greatly increased resistance to abrasion of the step top layer.

Nach einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die Unterschicht eine Dicke von 5,5 mm auf, die Oberschicht eine solche von 6 mm.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the lower layer has a thickness of 5.5 mm, the upper layer 6 mm.

Um einen möglichst optimalen Dämpungseffekt ohne entsprechende Leistungseinbusse zu erhalten, weist die Unterschicht vorzugsweise ein Raumgewicht von 30 kg/m3 auf. Konkret wird dies beispielsweise mit dem von Dynamit Nobel entwickelten PE-Schaumstoff "Trocellen" erreicht.In order to obtain the best possible damping effect without corresponding loss of performance, the lower layer preferably has a density of 30 kg / m 3 . Specifically, this is achieved with the PE foam "Trocellen" developed by Dynamit Nobel.

Für die Anwendung dieses Belages in Freiluftsportstäten ist die Wasserdurchlässigkeit des Belages eine unbedingte Voraussetzung. Da der Polyäthylen-Schaumstoff wasserundurchlässig ist, musste hier eine entsprechende Lösung gefunden werden. Diese besteht darin, den Polyäthylen-Schaumstoff zu perforieren (5), womit die Wasserdurchlässigkeit gegeben ist. Sehr gute Resultate wurden erzielt mit einem Lochdurchmesser von 4 bis 5 mm und einem Lochabstand von 20 bis 30mm.The water permeability of the surface is an absolute requirement for the use of this surface in outdoor sports facilities. Since the polyethylene foam is impermeable to water, an appropriate solution had to be found here. This consists of perforating the polyethylene foam (5), which gives it water permeability. Very good results were achieved with a hole diameter of 4 to 5 mm and a hole spacing of 20 to 30 mm.

Hier zeigt sich ein weiterer bedeutender Vorteil des Flammschweissverfahrens gegenüber der Verwendung von Klebstoffen, indem die Haftfestigkeit nicht abhängig ist vom Verhältnis der verklebten Fläche zur freien Fläche (wie beispielsweise in der CH-A-550 014 beschrieben), denn der Forderung nach Haftfestigkeit, d.h. möglichst grossem Anteil an verklebter Fläche ist die Forderung nach Wasserdurchlässigkeit, d.h. möglichst wenig verklebter Fläche, diametral entgegengesetzt.This shows another significant advantage of the flame welding process over the use of adhesives, in that the adhesive strength is not dependent on the ratio of the bonded area to the free area (as described, for example, in CH-A-550 014), because the requirement for adhesive strength, i.e. The largest possible proportion of bonded area is the requirement for water permeability, i.e. as little glued surface as possible, diametrically opposite.

Die Wasserdurchlässigkeit beeinflusst stark die Benützbarkeit des Bodens nach Regenfall, was beispielsweise für Tennisplätze von entscheidender Bedeutung ist. Es wurden deshalb Versuche auf verschiedenen Unterbaumaterialien durchgeführt (poröser und glatter Beton; rauher, poröser und glatter Asphalt; poröser Zement und Zement-Formsteine). Alle diese Versuche ergaben selbst bei nassem Belag eine gute Bespielbarkeit und zeigten zudem eine ausgezeichnete Wasserdurchlässigkeit ohne Beeinträchtigung der synergistischen Effekte des Verbundbelages.The water permeability strongly influences the usability of the floor after rain, which is of crucial importance for tennis courts, for example. For this reason, tests were carried out on various substructure materials (porous and smooth concrete; rough, porous and smooth asphalt; porous cement and cement blocks). All of these tests gave good playability even when the surface was wet and also showed excellent water permeability without impairing the synergistic effects of the composite surface.

Die stossdämpfende Wirkung des erfindungsgemässen Belages in Verbindung mit der hohen Gleitsicherheit prädestinieren ihn aber auch für den Einsatz in Schulhäusern und öffentlichen Gebäuden sowie für Geh- und Fahrwege, dies um so mehr, als auch die schall-und wärmeisolierenden Eigenschaften ausgezeichnet sind.The shock-absorbing effect of the covering according to the invention in connection with the high sliding security also predestine it for use in school buildings and public buildings as well as for walkways and driveways, all the more so as the sound and heat insulating properties are excellent.

Claims (6)

1. Double-layer sandwich-structure floor covering for playgrounds and sports facilities consisting of a lower layer made of a closed-cell vulcanized polyethylene foam having a maximum density of 35 kg/m2, perforated if necessary, and an upper layer consisting of a fleece with needlework with a minimum of 2 million stitches per in2, said upper and said lower layers, each not less than 5 mm thick, being hot-welded together without use of adhesive.
2. Floor covering as per claim 1, wherein the lower layer made of polyethylene foam has a thickness of 5.5 millimeters and the upper surface layer a thickness of 6.0 millimeters.
3. Floor covering as per claim 1, wherein the lower layer made of polyethylene foam has a density of 30 kg/m 2.
4. Floor covering with perforated lower layer as per patent claim 1, wherein each perforation has a diameter of 4-5 millimeters and there is a distance between perforations of between 20 and 30 millimeters.
5. Floor covering as per patent claim 1, wherein an upper layer is made of fleece with needlework of 3 million stitches per in2.
6. Process for manufacture of double-layer sandwich-structure floor covering as per patent claim 1, wherein the two layers are bound together from rolls using hot-welding.
EP78100467A 1977-07-25 1978-07-21 Two-layer floor covering with sandwich structure for playgrounds and sports grounds and method of production Expired EP0000562B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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CH925677A CH616802GA3 (en) 1977-07-25 1977-07-25
CH9256/77 1977-07-25

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EP0000562A1 EP0000562A1 (en) 1979-02-07
EP0000562B1 true EP0000562B1 (en) 1981-11-11

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EP (1) EP0000562B1 (en)
CH (1) CH616802GA3 (en)
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US4199639A (en) 1980-04-22
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CH616802GA3 (en) 1980-04-30
DE2861311D1 (en) 1982-01-14

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