EP0000001B1 - Thermische Wärmepumpe - Google Patents

Thermische Wärmepumpe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000001B1
EP0000001B1 EP78200013A EP78200013A EP0000001B1 EP 0000001 B1 EP0000001 B1 EP 0000001B1 EP 78200013 A EP78200013 A EP 78200013A EP 78200013 A EP78200013 A EP 78200013A EP 0000001 B1 EP0000001 B1 EP 0000001B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
displacement body
heat pump
vapor
pump according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP78200013A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0000001A1 (de
Inventor
Claus Adolf Dr. Busse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
European Atomic Energy Community Euratom
Original Assignee
European Atomic Energy Community Euratom
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by European Atomic Energy Community Euratom filed Critical European Atomic Energy Community Euratom
Publication of EP0000001A1 publication Critical patent/EP0000001A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0000001B1 publication Critical patent/EP0000001B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/28—Materials for coating prostheses
    • A61L27/34—Macromolecular materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/03—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by addition of hydroxy groups to unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. with the aid of H2O2
    • C07C29/04—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by addition of hydroxy groups to unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. with the aid of H2O2 by hydration of carbon-to-carbon double bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/90—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation
    • F24S10/95—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation having evaporator sections and condenser sections, e.g. heat pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/025—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes having non-capillary condensate return means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/08—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by varying the cross-section of the flow channels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A99—SUBJECT MATTER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR IN THIS SECTION
    • A99Z—SUBJECT MATTER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR IN THIS SECTION
    • A99Z99/00—Subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section

Definitions

  • a compensation process In order to raise heat from a lower to a higher temperature level, a compensation process must be applied so that the total entropy of all substances involved does not decrease.
  • a compensation process with labor consumption is used; the work consumption is based on the operation of a compressor.
  • a thermal heat pump which is operated with fossil fuels or waste heat at a higher temperature and has a hot-liquid jet pump as the compressor unit, is already from the publication by Ch. Mostofizadeh in "Elektroggi international" Edition A 35 (1977) A 1, p. A35- A36, became known.
  • this hot liquid jet pump the saturated steam on the suction side is compressed with the help of the hot liquid under high pressure and brought to a higher temperature.
  • the high shock losses known from steam jet pumps are to be avoided in that the suction and the motive flow are first expanded to approximately the same speed and temperature and then mixed.
  • the arrangement is extremely problematic because of the additional friction losses due to the relatively high proportion of liquid in the vapor.
  • Such heat pumps therefore have significant disadvantages in that the working medium is heated to a relatively high temperature and part of it. must be brought to the necessary high operating pressure by means of a pressure pump and the efficiency is relatively low due to considerable friction losses.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a simply designed heat pump using the aforementioned theory, which is driven by heat.
  • a thermal heat pump is thus driven by the temperature gradient between T o and T 1 , the thermal efficiency can be calculated from the following relationship: where 60 is the absorbed heat flow and 6 2 is the useful heat flow at temperature T 2 .
  • Thermal heat pumps operating in this way are of great interest for exploiting the temperature differences caused by solar radiation, in particular for the purpose of heating water or other media for heating purposes, for providing hot water and the like.
  • the thermal heat pump designed according to the invention consists of a heat pipe in which the steam duct located between the heat transfer zone for supplying heat and the heat transfer zone for dissipating heat has a cross-section that changes over its length, initially increasing and then reducing the flow rate of the steam, and in the region of the increased steam speed a further, third heat transfer zone with heat supply or removal is located.
  • a heat pipe known per se becomes a heat pump of the type in question.
  • the thermal heat pump consists of a heat pipe, in the steam duct of which a displacement body which changes the steam speed is arranged between the heat transfer zones for the supply and removal of heat at the two ends of the heat pipe.
  • the area in front of the displacement body is the evaporator area "V”, in which is supplied with the heat flow Q o at an average temperature T o .
  • the area approximately in the middle of the displacement body is the so-called drive condenser area "TK”, in which at a mean temperature T "which is below the temperature T o , part of the steam condenses, the heat flow Q being removed.
  • TK drive condenser area
  • NK Located behind the displacement body the useful condenser area "NK”, in which the residual steam condenses at an average temperature T 2 and the useful heat flow Q 2 is released.
  • the mode of operation of the above-described embodiment of the heat pump according to the invention can also be modified such that it is thermodynamically reversed, which leads to the fact that the drive condenser area then becomes a second evaporator area. This enables a relatively large amount of heat to be transported from a low temperature to a medium temperature.
  • thermal heat pump according to the invention emerge from the following description and two basic configurations of the invention from the subclaims.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 of the drawings show a schematic representation of a thermal or steam jet heat pump with subsonic flow in one case and with supersonic flow in the second case.
  • the heat pump for subsonic flow consists of a heat pipe 11, on the inner wall of which a capillary structure 12 is arranged.
  • the displacement body 13 which has a shape in its front region 14, so that a nozzle 15 is formed between it and the capillary structure 12, in which the cross section of the steam channel 16 downsized.
  • the cross section of the steam channel 16 between the center piece 17 of the displacer 13 and the capillary structure 12 is reduced slightly due to the shape of the displacer. In this area, part of the steam is condensed by cooling.
  • the capillary structure 12 in the region of the displacement body 13 is advantageously provided with a thin-walled cover 20, which must be connected to the capillary structure or the tubular body of the heat pipe 11 sufficiently firmly in order to avoid lifting due to negative pressure.
  • the purpose of the condensate is to drive the shear effect of the steam flow on the cover first into the useful condenser zone, in which the pressure is higher than in the evaporator zone, where it is in turn higher than in the driving condenser zone.
  • the thermal heat pump with supersonic flow according to FIG. 2 basically has the same structure as that according to FIG. 1.
  • the main difference is that the displacement body 13 'is shaped such that the nozzle 15' and the diffuser 19 'have a convergent and have a divergent part, the transition from subsonic to supersonic flow taking place in the area of the narrowest point.
  • thermo heat pump An embodiment of the thermal heat pump is also possible, in which a subsonic nozzle according to FIG. 1 is used, the transition to the supersonic flow in the driving condenser takes place and then an ultrasonic diffuser according to FIG. 2 is used.
  • the condensate is returned to the evaporator in a known manner by means of the capillary structure on the inner wall of the heat pipe.
  • the return is essentially due to the capillary forces, which can be supported by gravity if necessary.
  • the displacement body is expediently mounted in the interior of the heat pipe on an axially arranged support rod which is preferably thermally insulated or consists of heat-poorly conductive material.
  • approximately conical displacement bodies in the useful condenser zone and optionally also in the evaporator zone, the base surfaces of which are facing the end faces of the heat pipe.
  • a cylindrical heat pipe with a capillary structure lining and cover is advantageously used, in which a displacement body with the desired cross-sectional shape is arranged. It is of course also possible to use a displacement body which is cylindrical at least in its central part, so that the cross sections of the steam duct in the various areas are then determined by the walls of the heat pipe. However, this solution is less advantageous.
  • the described and illustrated embodiments have significant advantages since losses due to boundary layer separation in the driving capacitor and diffuser and temperature losses due to a larger heat transfer area in the driving capacitor are avoided; moreover, the constructive form and the manufacturability are simple and stable.
  • the heat pipe could be arranged so that the thermal heat pump o originates in the evaporator portion of heat supplied amount E of the sun's rays; the amount of heat Q is carried by a coolant, for example in an area not exposed to the sun's rays, and the amount of heat O 2 occurring in the useful condenser could be used to heat a useful medium.
  • the thermal heat pump according to the invention offers the advantage of low losses, a small and simple construction and freedom from maintenance, which results in low acquisition and operating costs.
  • variable configuration of the cross section of the steam duct of the heat pipe can also be achieved in that the displacement body is omitted and instead the heat pipe is made variable in cross-section in accordance with the required duct configuration and thus the same flow effect is achieved as in the case of the exemplary embodiments described.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
EP78200013A 1977-09-02 1978-06-01 Thermische Wärmepumpe Expired EP0000001B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2739689A DE2739689C2 (de) 1977-09-02 1977-09-02 Thermische Wärmepumpe
DE2739689 1977-09-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000001A1 EP0000001A1 (de) 1978-12-20
EP0000001B1 true EP0000001B1 (de) 1981-01-07

Family

ID=6018003

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78200013A Expired EP0000001B1 (de) 1977-09-02 1978-06-01 Thermische Wärmepumpe

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US4281709A (it)
EP (1) EP0000001B1 (it)
JP (1) JPS5447162A (it)
AU (1) AU522175B2 (it)
BR (1) BR7805717A (it)
CA (1) CA1130791A (it)
DE (1) DE2739689C2 (it)
DK (1) DK383878A (it)
GR (1) GR930300099T1 (it)
IE (1) IE47556B1 (it)
IL (1) IL55375A (it)
IN (1) IN149878B (it)
IT (1) IT1105620B (it)
LU (1) LU80147A1 (it)
OA (1) OA06040A (it)
ZA (1) ZA784707B (it)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104827283A (zh) * 2015-05-07 2015-08-12 秦爱云 一种生产喷雾器用配件装配机
EP3254852A1 (de) 2016-06-07 2017-12-13 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG Druckmaschine mit mittels elektromotor einzeln angetriebenen zylindern

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NZ540381A (en) * 2002-11-01 2007-11-30 Takeda Pharmaceutical 5-membered aromatic heterocycle derivatives as prophylactic and therapeutic agents for treating neuropathy
US7195690B2 (en) * 2003-05-28 2007-03-27 3M Innovative Properties Company Roll-good fuel cell fabrication processes, equipment, and articles produced from same
AU2003204893B1 (en) * 2003-06-23 2004-10-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Diaphragm for a sounder assembly
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SG120230A1 (en) * 2004-08-12 2006-03-28 Inventio Ag Lift installation with a cage and equipment for detecting a cage position as well as a method of operating such a lift installation
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US20060219390A1 (en) * 2005-03-31 2006-10-05 Xerox Corporation Self-pumping heat-pipe fuser roll
US8384504B2 (en) * 2006-01-06 2013-02-26 Quantum Design International, Inc. Superconducting quick switch
CN100573019C (zh) * 2006-03-03 2009-12-23 富准精密工业(深圳)有限公司 热管
CN100491889C (zh) * 2006-04-07 2009-05-27 富准精密工业(深圳)有限公司 热管
EP1941876A1 (en) * 2006-12-28 2008-07-09 Lacer, S.A. Isosorbide mononitrate derivatives for the treatment of Inflammation and ocular hypertension
JPWO2009051001A1 (ja) * 2007-10-19 2011-03-03 有限会社 スリ−アイ 一方向流体移動装置
US20090291986A1 (en) 2008-05-22 2009-11-26 Apostolos Pappas Composition and method of treating facial skin defect
DE102009007380B4 (de) 2009-02-04 2021-10-21 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Berstdruckgesichertes Wärmerohr
WO2011148894A1 (ja) * 2010-05-28 2011-12-01 オリンパスメディカルシステムズ株式会社 内視鏡
CN102528725B (zh) * 2010-12-07 2013-12-25 苏州紫冠自动化设备有限公司 一种自动装卡设备
TW201348671A (zh) * 2012-05-22 2013-12-01 Foxconn Tech Co Ltd 熱管
WO2014100309A1 (en) * 2012-12-19 2014-06-26 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Cross-linkable acid copolymer composition and its use in glass laminates
CN104486715B (zh) * 2014-11-26 2018-03-13 南京邮电大学 一种基于地理位置信息的移动传感器网络分簇方法
GB2539670A (en) 2015-06-23 2016-12-28 Edwards Ltd Device and method for controlling a phase transition of a fluid between liquid and vapour states
RU2761423C2 (ru) 2016-11-21 2021-12-08 Басф Се Состав для неорганических вяжущих веществ
US11857741B2 (en) 2017-03-01 2024-01-02 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Looped wire for advanced stent grafts and methods of using same
US11340023B1 (en) * 2017-03-24 2022-05-24 Triad National Security, Llc Counter gravity heat pipe techniques
CN108956315B (zh) * 2018-07-05 2020-07-31 消防贸易私营有限公司 一种灭火器瓶耐压测试装置及测试方法
CN113583095B (zh) * 2021-07-29 2023-07-28 上海卡序生物医药科技有限公司 抗肿瘤多肽及其用途

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104827283A (zh) * 2015-05-07 2015-08-12 秦爱云 一种生产喷雾器用配件装配机
EP3254852A1 (de) 2016-06-07 2017-12-13 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG Druckmaschine mit mittels elektromotor einzeln angetriebenen zylindern

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1130791A (en) 1982-08-31
US4281709A (en) 1981-08-04
EP0000001A1 (de) 1978-12-20
IN149878B (it) 1982-05-15
IE47556B1 (en) 1984-04-18
IT7850832A0 (it) 1978-08-23
IE781740L (en) 1979-03-02
DK383878A (da) 1979-03-03
AU522175B2 (en) 1982-05-20
IL55375A (en) 1981-09-13
JPS5447162A (en) 1979-04-13
BR7805717A (pt) 1979-04-24
ZA784707B (en) 1979-08-29
IT1105620B (it) 1985-11-04
OA06040A (fr) 1981-06-30
DE2739689C2 (de) 1986-10-16
GR930300099T1 (it) 1993-10-29
AU3947578A (en) 1980-03-06
LU80147A1 (de) 1979-09-07
IL55375A0 (en) 1978-10-31
DE2739689A1 (de) 1979-03-15

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