EA039813B1 - Fixed formwork - Google Patents

Abstract

Fixed formwork is an environmentally friendly new technology for capital underground and above-ground rapid construction of inexpensive warm houses and buildings for various purposes, which fully complies with contemporary building codes and standards. Features of buildings made of fixed formwork are rigidity, strength, and good thermal and acoustic insulation, which is provided by a harmonious combination of the strength characteristics of concrete with the heat-insulating properties of the formwork. It has water-repellent properties compared to materials such as rockwool, wood, URSA, gas blocks, foam blocks, etc. The inner surface of the formwork has the required roughness, which provides a perfect adhesion of concrete to the product. The outer surface of the formwork has an imitation of finishing materials for travertine, bricks, tiles, etc. The main difference of the fixed formwork is that it has been created and developed for the construction of residential multi-storey and industrial buildings in order to maintain the rigidity, strength and integrity of the monolithic structure, which complies with SNiP (construction norms and regulations) RK 5.03-34-2005.

Description

Fixed formwork is the latest invention that can be used in both industrial and civil multi-storey building construction. The erection of high-rise buildings from fixed formwork implies a monolithic casting of external and internal walls of reinforced concrete, without violating the integrity of the structure and obtaining not only the strength characteristics of the building under construction, but also heat-insulating properties, as well as the aesthetic appearance of the future structure. In houses built on one or two floors, other fillers can also be used, the binder components of which must have the property of hardening (within 24 hours), such as foam concrete, cinder concrete, aerated concrete, etc.

Analogues:

1) LLP "VBM pro" blocks of expanded polystyrene. Not environmentally friendly, not durable, fire hazardous.

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2) TOO "GAMMA Almaty" https://gamma-almaty, all. biz/nesemnaya-opalubka-g712201

A concrete bridge that violates the integrity of the monolith also violates the rigidity of the frame, which leads to the formation of numerous cracks. This is not applicable for the construction of monolithic load-bearing walls of multi-storey buildings. This material is applicable exclusively as a filler in frame structures.

Conclusion. Many fixed formworks made of expanded clay concrete are cellular blocks, which violates the integrity of monolithic structures. As well as non-removable formwork made of expanded polystyrene, wood, plywood, which are in themselves combustible materials with insufficient strength and are prone to the appearance and reproduction of small pests (rodents, larvae and insects).

EFFECT: maximum simplification of all types of construction and installation, as well as facing works of the building under construction. In the shortest possible time, we get the most tangible result of the construction readiness of the facility.

Fixed formwork is two expanded clay concrete monolithic slabs parallel to each other and fastened with reinforcing bracket-like rods 0 10-20 mm, which form a spatial frame that gives additional tensile strength to the product. Also, these products contain (in the walls of the slabs) an internal frame, which consists of a mesh of class BP 3 mm with cells of 50x50 mm, which gives an advantage in the additional rigidity of expanded clay concrete monolithic slabs. All parts of the formwork, both vertically and horizontally, are joined together using special grooves (geometric recesses 40x40 mm), which makes it possible to dispense with the use of temporary supports and stops (and accessories for them), while the structures are obtained with perfect geometric alignment and forms.

The main task of this fixed formwork is:

1) to ensure the maximum simplification of the process of construction of any buildings and structures under construction due to the simple configuration of these products;

2) save labor and money resources by converting numerous complex and labor-intensive operations into one;

3) to prevent the loss of heat and energy resources as much as possible by combining finishing materials with insulation on both sides of the outer walls, as well as tightly adjoining products to each other according to the tenon-groove principle.

The technical result is ensured by the fact that the permanent formwork consists of two parallel claydite-concrete slabs, which serve as a heater and are a strength facing surface. Expanded clay concrete slabs are fastened together by means of bracket-shaped reinforcing bars at a distance depending on the thickness of the walls being erected. The distance formed between the slabs serves as an intraform space for filling with a fluid material capable of hardening within 24 hours, such as concrete, foam concrete, cinder concrete, aerated concrete, etc. (at the request of the customer). Claydite concrete slabs are made under pressure at a certain temperature with a reinforced mesh of class BP 3 with cells of 50x50 mm and are a fairly strong and at the same time relatively light material, the installation of which is amenable to human resources without the involvement of heavy equipment. The internal spatial frame of the fixed formwork consists of reinforcing bars (LSh class), which are C-shaped brackets (the length of which depends on the thickness of the walls being erected), the whiskers of which are turned towards each other. Shaped brackets are connected (using a binding wire) with an internal frame (expanded concrete slab), which is a mesh of class VR 3 mm with cells 50x50 mm. In addition, reinforcing C-shaped bars (LSH class) are located at a distance of 200 mm from each other, which makes it possible to connect horizontal and vertical frame-forming reinforcing bars to products. Thus, this invention is an interweaving of a full-fledged reinforcing cage into the walls of a building being erected, and due to a rich reinforcement system

- 1 039813 this formwork allows the erected structure to be concrete.

This product has another important criterion - it is the absence of (intermediate) expanded clay concrete partitions, which have just been replaced by C-shaped reinforcing bars, which gives the walls an advantage to be monolithic.

In accordance with special cases of execution, the device may have the following features.

Expanded clay concrete slab is rigid (durable).

Expanded clay concrete slab is a heater.

Expanded clay concrete slab serves as a finish (cladding).

The drawings show the following structural elements:

- expanded clay concrete slab;

- spatial reinforcing frame (class LSH 010 mm);

- internal reinforcing frame (mesh class BP 3 mm 50x50 mm);

- mustaches for fastening to the VR grid;

- recesses 40x40 mm (serving as grooves).

Fixed formwork consists of two parallel-arranged (at some distance from each other) expanded clay concrete slabs 1, which, due to their special production technology, have sufficiently high strength and heat-insulating properties. The design of the fixed formwork is designed in such a way that it can vary in width from 250 to 680 mm (depending on the purpose), due to the spatial (internal formwork) frame 2, which is reinforcing bars (class ASh 010-20 mm), bent in 10 cm on each side mustache 4 at an angle of 90 °. Expanded clay concrete slabs are made with built-in reinforcing (intra-wall) elements 3, which are a mesh of class BP 3 mm with cells 50x50 mm. Spatial reinforcement (internal formwork) 2 is performed with ASh class reinforcement and the diameter of the reinforcing bars directly depends on the thickness of the wall of the future building being erected, according to the principle, the thicker the wall, the larger the diameter of the reinforcement. Spatial reinforcement (internal formwork) 2 is performed in increments of at least 200 mm. Reinforcement (internal) 3 is carried out with a mesh of class BP 3 mm thick and with cells of 50x50 mm, and also the thickness of the reinforced mesh can vary depending on the purpose of the wall structure or on the wishes of the customer from 3 to 5 mm inclusive. Expanded clay concrete slabs have geometric recesses of 40x40 mm along the entire length on top 5 and geometric protrusions of 40x40 mm from below, there are also similar recesses and protrusions in the front and rear parts of the product, which serve as grooves that do not allow the multi-tiered structure (as a result of assembly) to move to the sides during the acceptance of concrete.

Reinforcing elements 2 and 3 offer additional advantages to products, interacting with each other, they provide not only a rigid and reliable structure for products that can withstand the flow of concrete mixture no more than 4 tiers in height, but also moderate vibration of the concrete mass. An additional advantage is the possibility of knitting a full-fledged reinforcing cage inside the formwork space, which consists of both vertical and horizontal rods, woven together according to the checkered principle, having a pitch from 200x200 mm to 400x400 mm inclusive. Such a system of reinforcing cages knitting allows the construction of facilities for all types of public and private buildings that comply with all types of GOST (s) and SNiP (s). Reinforcing elements 2 serve as the main connecting link of the reinforcing cage and perform the role of its reliable fixation in fixed formwork. Due to the curved limbs 4 (whiskers), the claydite-concrete walls of the fixed formwork are able to withstand high pressure on the bursting effect of the concrete mixture, while remaining free from the slightest deformation. Reinforcing elements 3 give claydite-concrete slabs additional bending rigidity, and also form a rigid integrity of the entire product as a whole by attaching mustaches 4 of ASh class reinforcing bars to them. The thickness of each claydite-concrete slab 1 is 8 cm, which makes it possible to prevent the transfer of temperature effects into the concrete structure, while excluding local freezing and dew point formation on the steel reinforcement of the main frame of the building walls. With such a constructive implementation, the reinforcing cage retains its bearing capacity for a long time, while avoiding the slightest corrosion of the metal.

This type of reinforcement provides the product with stable safety during transportation, installation and concreting of walls. The rich reinforcement system of these products allows you to confidently start the construction of low-rise monolithic reinforced concrete structures.

The present device is used as follows.

Before concreting at the construction site, rolled waterproofing (technonicol) is rolled out in one or two layers, while observing the rule of hot gluing with an overlap of at least 100 mm for each strip. Next, it is necessary to lay the first row (along the entire perimeter) of fixed formwork products, tightly docking them to each other so that the spike enters the groove. The next step will be to center the resulting formwork by checking the diagonals. Making sure that

- 2 039813 that this form fully corresponds to the geometrically correct contour of the building being erected, it is necessary to start reinforcing the frame of the first row.

Reinforcing bars (in linear meters) are installed in the formwork space along the entire length of the building being erected on the spatial frame of the fixed formwork itself, fastening them to perpendicular reinforcing bars 2 (lying in the same plane) using a tie wire. In order to avoid divergence of the formwork structures (during the intake of the concrete mixture), it is recommended to tie the reinforcing bars to the formwork bars with a double knot, without skipping a single step. Having tied the horizontal plane with reinforcing bars, one should start reinforcing the vertical plane of the reinforcing cage (at the corners of the building), which is the frame of the columns. Mounting (in place) of the spatial reinforcement cage of the columns should be done already (4 rods with clamps), tying it to a perpendicularly laid out reinforcement cage in a fixed formwork. In order to conveniently string products (corner) of fixed formwork from above onto the reinforcing cage of columns, it is recommended that the reinforcing cage of columns be no more than 2500 mm high. After all the reinforcing cages of the columns are exposed, the subsequent mounting of the fixed formwork tiers is allowed by carefully stacking it on top of each other according to the tenon-to-groove principle. The tenon-to-groove principle must be observed in both vertical and horizontal planes. Vertical reinforcement of spans (distance between columns) is also allowed to be carried out according to the design solution. The next reinforcement along the horizontal plane is allowed to be made after laying no more than 3 tiers of fixed formwork, i.e. step of 400 mm, or according to the design decision. Thus, each subsequent laying of tiers of fixed formwork is carried out after the capital reinforcement of columns and spans, reliably connecting them to each other, which gives the reinforcing cage not only vertical, but also horizontal rigidity. The supply of concrete mixture is recommended to be carried out gradually, not exceeding the level of more than 4 tiers in height. It is allowed to supply the concrete mixture with special equipment (concrete pump), while maintaining minimum feed rates. For a more dense laying of the concrete mixture, its vibration is allowed. In the places of window and door lintels, it is desirable to spread the fixed formwork on all sides with stops, since these places are considered the most vulnerable during the construction process. The supply of the concrete mixture should be carried out more carefully, making sure that the first layer lays down evenly and does not have voids in the concrete body, since voids in the concrete body in the places of window and door lintels are considered an unacceptable phenomenon and are a gross violation of building codes and regulations.

When erecting a building using this technology, expanded clay concrete slab 1 is an exemplary flat surface that does not require additional cladding and insulation from the outside, and the inside requires minimal investment in finishing gesso and painting.

CLAIM

Claims (5)

CLAIM Non-removable formwork containing two expanded clay concrete monolithic slabs reinforced with a mesh of class VR 3 mm with 50x50 mm cells, located parallel to each other at a distance depending on the thickness of the wall, and fastened with reinforcing U-shaped rods 0 12 mm, which form a spatial frame and serve a connecting element between two plates, providing strength to the product, preventing bursting during the supply of a fluid material capable of hardening within 24 hours, and having geometrically regular recesses in the form of grooves 40x40 mm around the entire perimeter of the expanded clay concrete slab to provide the product with a dense lockless docking system along tenon-groove principle. - 3 039813 Note: Fixed formwork. one) . The length of the elements of the foundation fixed formwork varies from 1200 to 6000 mm. 2). Internal reinforcement of concrete walls is carried out using mesh class BP 3 with cells 50x50mm. 3). Spatial reinforcement of the product is carried out using ASh 01O-12mm class reinforcement. 4), Armature ASh 010-12mm. must be a C-shaped bracket. 5). The connection of reinforcing brackets with the BP mesh is carried out using a knitting wire.