EA038535B1 - Universal loader-excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

A universal loader-excavator relates to the field of construction, road and agricultural machinery intended for performing loading and unloading operations. The universal loader-excavator comprises a self-propelled chassis with an operator cabin, a boom with an extension, a hydraulic cylinder for raising the boom, a hydraulic cylinder for changing the angle between the boom and the extension, and a working member. The invention is novel in that the boom and the extension are telescoping and are provided with a hydraulic drive for telescoping, wherein the extension is disposed on the end telescoping link of the boom, and the loader frame has installed thereon a rotating-column securing member for operation in a forward mode. In order to change the angle between the boom and the extension, a hydraulic cylinder is installed for rotating the boom extension, the housing of which is pivotally connected to the boom, with a rod being pivotally connected to the boom extension. The operator cabin has a hydraulic drive for turning to a "forward" position or "reverse" position in order to perform loading operations using a forward method or a rotating boom method. Such an implementation allows for uniting, in a single device, the capabilities of a loader operating using a forward method, and the capabilities of a loader operating using an excavation method.

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, road and agricultural machines designed for loading and unloading operations.

The overwhelming majority of backhoe loaders are made on a wheeled chassis, which ensures the movement and unloading of cargo in a frontal way, in which the loader, moving forward on the wheels, grabs the cargo, then moves to the place of unloading and unloads.

Front-end loaders with a telescopic boom are widely known (see www.MERLO), which have a boom that is not rotatable around a vertical axis, at the end of which a front-type load-holding device (for example, a front-end bucket) is installed. The working reach of the boom is changed by moving the elements of the telescopic boom relative to each other. Capturing, moving and unloading cargo is carried out by the frontal method: the loader, moving forward on the wheels of the chassis, captures the cargo (for example, filling the front bucket with bulk cargo), then drives back, moves to the unloading place, unloads the cargo from the working body, moves to the place grabbing the load, then this cycle is repeated many times.

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is that in order to move the cargo from the place of its capture to the place of unloading, it is required to move not only the cargo itself, but also the entire loader, the weight of which is 5-6 times the weight of the payload, which causes a large consumption of energy (fuel) and reduces the productivity of loading operations, in addition, due to the impossibility of turning the boom, it is impossible to perform excavation work.

Known universal loader-excavator, which includes a self-propelled chassis with an operator's cab, a boom with an extension pivotally fixed at its end, mounted on a column pivoting around a vertical axis, a boom lift hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder for changing the angle between the boom and the extension, a working body (Information advertising magazine Market of the agro-industrial complex No. 11 (133), pp. 34-35, 2014).

This loader-excavator works in an excavator way. However, this loader cannot grip, move and unload cargo in a frontal way, in which the loader, moving forward on its wheels, grabs the load, then moves to the place of unloading and unloads.

The object of the invention is to combine in one device the capabilities of a front loader with the capabilities of an excavator.

This is achieved by the fact that the boom and extension are made telescopic and equipped with a hydraulic telescoping drive, while the extension is located on the end telescopic link of the boom, and a pivot column lock is installed on the loader frame for frontal operation. The operator's cab has a hydraulic swing drive to the forward or backward position for front loading or swing boom loading.

Due to the fact that the boom and the extension are made telescopic, and the cab is shifted away from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the chassis, it is possible to perform work as a frontal method, by ensuring the lowering of the boom next to the cab to the required height and grabbing the load in front of the loader, so and the provision of excavation work to a depth determined by the actual dimensions of the boom of the universal loader-excavator.

When working in the frontal way, the boom is set to the forward position, and the column is secured against turning by a locking mechanism. When working with the swing boom method, the boom is set to the rear position, and the locking mechanism does not fix the column from turning.

A detailed representation of the design of the invention is presented in the accompanying drawings, where in Fig. 1 shows a general view of a universal loader-excavator from a 3/4 perspective;

in fig. 2 - universal loader-excavator in transport position, left side view;

in fig. 3 - the same, rear view, in Fig. 4 - the same, in frontal loading operations, left side view;

in fig. 5 - the same, during loading operations with the swing of the boom, right side view;

in fig. 6 - the same, top view;

in fig. 7 - the same, when performing excavation work, right side view.

The universal loader-excavator contains a self-propelled chassis 1, on which are installed: a rotary operator's cab 2 with a hydraulic swing drive 3, a column 4 with an arrow that is rotatable around a vertical axis, consisting of two telescopic links - the boom itself 5 with a hydraulic cylinder for lifting the boom 6 and an extension of the boom 7 s a hydraulic cylinder for turning the boom extension 8, with which the angle between the boom 5 and the boom extension 7 is changed, as well as the working body 9 installed at the end of the boom extension 7. The column 4 is rotated around the vertical axis by the hydraulic cylinder 10. To fix the column 4 in the forward position, it is installed fixation mechanism 11. Extension The extension of the boom itself 5 is carried out by the hydraulic cylinder 12, the extension-retraction of the boom extension is carried out by the hydraulic cylinder 13.

The universal excavator loader works as follows.

When performing front loading operations, the operator's cab 2 rotates in

- 1 038535 forward position, the boom together with the column 4 also rotates to the forward position and is fixed by the locking mechanism 11. The working body 9 is installed (for example, a front-end bucket), the boom with the working body is lowered to the level of gripping the load. Further, when the loader moves forward, the working body 9 captures the load, the loader moves to the place of unloading, raises the boom, which is blocked from turning together with the column 4, to the required height and unloads.

In this case, the working reach of the boom changes both by extending-retracting the telescopic elements of the boom itself 5 and the boom extension 7 using hydraulic cylinders 12 and 13, and by changing the angle between the boom and the boom extension using hydraulic cylinder 8.

When carrying out loading operations by turning the boom (excavator method), the boom together with the column 4 turns to the back position, an excavator-type working body (for example, a grab) is installed, the operator's cab 2 also turns to the back position. Loading operations are carried out within the area of the working sector, limited by the angle of rotation of the column 4 with the boom and the limits of the working reach of the boom, which changes both by extending the telescopic elements of the boom itself 5 using hydraulic cylinders 12 and 13, and by changing the angle between the boom itself 5 and boom extension 7 using hydraulic cylinder 8.

Claims (2)

CLAIM 1. A universal loader-excavator, including a self-propelled frame chassis 1 with an operator's cab 2, a boom 5 with an extension 7 pivotally fixed at its end, mounted on a column 4 pivoting around a vertical axis, a hydraulic cylinder 6 for boom lift 5, a hydraulic cylinder 8 for changing the angle between the boom 5 and an extension 7, a working body 9, characterized in that the cabin 2 is rotational and offset from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the chassis 1, the boom 5 and the extension 7 are telescopic and equipped with telescoping hydraulic drives 12 and 13, while the extension 7 is located on the end telescopic the link of the boom 5, and on the loader frame there is a lock 11 of the rotary column 4 for frontal operation. 2. The universal loader-excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that the operator's cab has a hydraulic drive for turning to the forward or backward position for performing loading operations by the frontal method or by the swing boom method.