EA033764B1 - Absorbing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the railroad transport. The objective is to increase the capacity and safety of servicing of an absorbing apparatus, improve operating characteristics thereof. There is a housing 1 (Fig. 1) with an open hexagonal neck 2 with friction surfaces 3 tapered into it, pressure cone 4, friction wedges 5 with variant of metal-ceramic inserts, pressure plate 6, pack of polymeric elastic elements 7 with curvilinear lateral surfaces 8, 14, which are separated between each other by a groove 15 and with separating plates 9 located in between them, having holes with flanged edges. An internal groove can also be used in polymeric elastic elements. Their pack is located between the pressure plate and the bottom 10 of housing and installed into it on guiding rod 11 which head 12 is located in a recess 13 of the bottom 10. The angle between the pressure cone and friction wedges of less than 37° is advisable. The holes with flanged edges in the separating plates can be made in the form of bilateral pin fasteners. The texture is applied on the external surfaces of separating plates 9. Concentric grooves and/or holes are made on the surface of pressure plate. Internal elements of the apparatus are fixed between each other by hooks made on the pressure cone and inside the hexagonal neck of housing. The length of the guiding rod can be more than the length of its housing. A nut can be screwed on one of the rod ends. The guiding rod can be made in the form of a clamp bolt, on which thread a cone nut will be screwed and which can be longer than the housing. A threaded rivet nut not less than 50 mm high can be made on the housing bottom. An uttermost polymeric elastic element with greater diameter and height than all other polymeric elastic elements can be located around the threaded rivet nut of the housing bottom.

Description

The invention relates to railway transport and relates to devices designed to absorb the energy of interaction of units of rolling stock.

The known design of the friction-elastomeric absorbing apparatus [1], patent RU No. 2225306, B61G 9/16, 03/10/2004. The apparatus consists of a housing with a closed end part and an opposite open end part made with friction shoes converging inward, which, in turn, interact with a pressure wedge with a central channel and transfer the load through a spring stop and packages of elastomeric pillows installed between the closed end part case and spring emphasis. Through the package of elastomeric pillows, as well as the spring stop and the central channel of the pressure cone, a guide rod passes, pressed against the package body. To hold the wedge and friction shoes in the open end part of the housing, the latter has projections under which the counter flanges of the wedge are rotated during assembly.

During repairs, the assembly of this absorbing apparatus requires the presence of special expensive equipment in the car repair depot, which provides preliminary preloading of the elastic elements and rotation of the wedge for engagement with the projections of the hull. Existing equipment does not allow this. Therefore, it is difficult to mass repair such devices in car repair depots.

To reduce the seizure of the friction shoes with the housing, annular grooves are made in it, in which bronze inserts are placed. However, the presence of grooves in the housing significantly reduces its strength in this place and, as a result, the kinks of the housing and the failure of the apparatuses observed during operation.

Another disadvantage of the analogue [1] is the low energy consumption of new devices in the state of delivery from the manufacturer, due to the inoperability of the friction surfaces of the pressure cone, friction shoes and the housing made by injection molding or stamping.

Known absorbing apparatus [2], patent RU No. 2350501, B61G 9/10, B61G 9/18, 08/22/2007, adopted as a prototype of the invention, having softer modes of operation in comparison with the analogue [1] and having high reliability and stability . It is supplied to ensure ease of assembly in factory and repair conditions.

Such an absorbing prototype apparatus comprises a housing with an open hexagonal neck with friction surfaces converging on a cone inside it. At the same time, a pressure cone, friction wedges with a pressure plate, and a reciprocating device in the form of a package of polymer elastic elements with a continuous curved side surface, between which there are separation plates with punching holes with serrated flanges, are placed in the housing. A package of polymer elastic elements is installed in the housing on the guide rod in the form of a coupling bolt with a nut, the head of which is located in the recess of the bottom of the housing. Such a package, together with a pressure cone and wedges, is located between the pressure plate and the bottom of the housing. In addition, there is also a separation plate between the pressure plate and the stack of polymer elastic elements.

However, the disadvantage of such an absorbing apparatus [2] is the insufficient service life due to the execution of polymer elastic elements with a continuous curved side surface. This form of these elements is aimed at improving their manufacturability, achieving good energy intensity and power characteristics. However, when these elements are compressed in a bag for absorbing kinetic energy from the impact of the absorber, they significantly increase in diameter, which causes them to wear on the walls of the housing. This reduces the life of the product.

Another disadvantage of the prototype apparatus is the presence of a separation plate between the pressure plate and the package of polymer elastic elements. Such a plate is designed to improve the retention of this package, but as a result, the internal space for its placement is reduced. Therefore, it has a relatively small height. As a result, each of the polymer elastic elements experiences excessive deformations during compression during the working stroke of the absorbing apparatus, which reduces their service life. In addition, because of this, the energy intensity of such a package is insufficient, which negatively affects its power characteristics. There is also the possibility of subsidence of the package, loosening of the wedges, and, as a result, the friction unit may lose its capacity for absorbing apparatus due to the loss of contact of the friction surfaces.

The objective of the invention is to obtain a technical result to increase the energy intensity and maintenance of the absorbing apparatus, improve its performance.

The problem is solved in that the absorbing apparatus containing the housing with an open neck, while the housing contains a pressure cone, friction wedges with a pressure plate, as well as a back-retaining device in the form of a package of polymer elastic elements with a curved side surface, between which there are separation plates with holes, and the package of polymer elastic elements together with the pressure cone and friction wedges is located between the pressure plate and the bottom of the housing and mounted on it on directs rod has the following features: at least one polymer elastic member reciprocating retaining device is formed at least one outer groove formed dyaschimisya 1 033764 converge at an acute angle curved and / or straight surfaces of the polymer elastic member.

Such an introduction of the outer groove will allow the shape of polymer elastic elements, which will not allow them, unlike the prototype [2], to significantly increase in diameter when they are compressed from the impact of the absorbing device, since a significant part of the deformable material around the perimeter of such elements will be aim to move in the direction of their groove. Therefore, there will be no abrasion of polymer elastic elements on the walls of the body of the absorbing apparatus, which will increase its service life. At the same time, good energy intensity and power characteristics of these elements in the package will be preserved.

It is also desirable that the angle between the pressure cone and the friction wedges be less than 37 °. This allows you to reduce the spacer force acting on the walls of the body of the absorbing apparatus from the side of the friction wedges due to the transfer of part of the force component to the package of polymer elastic elements. Due to this, it becomes possible to increase the height of this package, which is useful for the following indicators:

each of their polymer elastic elements in the package does not experience excessive deformation when the apparatus is compressed to a working stroke, which extends their life;

the energy consumption of the package increases due to the completeness of the power characteristic;

the tightening force of the absorbing apparatus increases;

the probability of subsidence of the package, loosening of the wedges and, as a consequence, the loss by the friction unit of its efficiency due to loss of contact of the friction surfaces is excluded.

It is advisable that the holes in the separation plates were made in the form of double-sided convexes and / or a texture would be located on the outer surfaces of these plates. This will allow fixing polymer elastic elements on both sides of the plate. It also prevents the development of plastic deformation of polymer elastic elements, which positively affects the completeness of the power characteristics of the absorbing apparatus and, accordingly, its energy intensity.

In order to increase the internal space for accommodating in the case of the absorbing package of polymer elastic elements, unlike the prototype [2], an intermediate plate is not installed between the pressure plate and the specified package of elements, and instead concentric grooves and / or holes made on it perform the holding function the surface of the pressure plate facing the package of polymer elastic elements.

It is also recommended, in order to increase the safety of servicing the absorbing apparatus, so that its pressure cone, friction wedges, pressure plate through the package of polymer elastic elements and the body are fixed to each other by hooks made on the pressure cone and inside the hexagonal neck of the body. Therefore, the entire load from the side of the package of polymer elastic elements will fall not on the guide rod, which, due to the breakdown of its thread, can shoot, as in the prototype [2], but on the body, which will prevent possible injury to people during, for example, transportation or installation of the absorbing device.

Moreover, it is advisable that the length of its guide rod would be greater than the length of its body. This is useful for increasing the height of the package of polymer elastic elements inside the absorbing apparatus in order to increase its energy intensity. In this case, during the operation of the absorbing apparatus as part of the automatic coupling of freight cars of a certain design, the end part of the guide rod will be able to freely extend beyond the bottom of the absorbing apparatus into the cavity formed inside the automatic coupling due to the removal of the rear part of its traction clamp.

To prevent the consequences of the return blow of a part of the traction clamp on the end face of the guide rod of the absorbing device, it is recommended that a nut be wound on one end of the rod.

An embodiment of the absorbing apparatus without the use of the hooks mentioned above, made on the pressure cone and inside the hexagonal neck of the housing, is also possible. To do this, it is recommended that the guide rod be made in the form of a coupling bolt, on the thread of which a flare nut will be wound. Then this will reliably tighten the pressure cone, friction wedges, pressure plate through the reciprocating device in the form of a package of polymer elastic elements separated by separation plates onto each other on the housing.

At the same time, it is recommended to use a clamping bolt along the length of the greater length of the body to place inside the absorbing apparatus a package of polymer elastic elements of increased height in order to increase the energy intensity of this package. For the same purpose, it is recommended to carry out a bonk on the bottom of the body with a height of at least 50 mm, through which the shaft of the coupling bolt will be passed.

In this case, the head of the bolt will be located above the level of the end face of the bottom of the housing and may not even go beyond it during the working stroke of the absorbing device or go into the cavity after the bottom formed upon impact only at the end of the working stroke of the absorbing device. This will improve its performance.

An extreme polymer elastic element of a larger diameter and height than all other polymer elastic elements may be located around the bonnet of the bottom of the body.

- 2 033764

In order to obtain a complete and stable power characteristic of the absorbing apparatus, it is recommended to use metal-ceramic inserts on the surfaces of its friction wedges, conjugated with the friction surfaces of the neck of the body.

To enhance the above effect in the case of the introduction of an external groove in the polymer elastic elements of the reciprocating device, it is also recommended that at least one such polymer elastic element has at least one internal groove formed by acute-angled curved and / or rectilinear surfaces this polymer elastic element.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a frontal section of an absorbing apparatus; in FIG. 2 is a top view A of the absorption apparatus of FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the upper part of the absorbing apparatus of FIG. 1; in FIG. 4-6 - enlarged views of the upper part of the absorbing apparatus according to other options for its implementation; enlarged views of the upper part of the absorbing apparatus; in FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the bottom of the absorbent apparatus of FIG. 6; in FIG. 8 and 9 are embodiments of the separation plates; in FIG. 10 is a General view of the pressure plate; in FIG. 11-13 - possible embodiments of the polymer elastic elements of the absorbing apparatus.

The absorbing device (Fig. 1, 2) contains a housing 1 with an open hexagonal neck 2 with friction surfaces converging on a cone inside it 3. A pressure cone 4 is placed in the housing 1, friction wedges 5 with a pressure plate 6. A back-retaining device is also located there. in the form of a package of polymer elastic elements 7 with a curved lateral surface 8. Between the polymer elastic elements 7 are dividing plates 9. The package of polymer elastic elements 7 together with the pressure cone 4 and friction wedges 5 is located ezhdu pressure plate 6 and the bottom of housing 10 and is mounted therein on a guide rod 11, the head 12 of which is housed in the recess 13 of the bottom 10 of the body 1.

The polymer elastic elements 7 are made with at least one additional curved side surface 14, which is divided by a groove 15 with their curved side surface 8.

The angle α (Fig. 3) between the pressure cone 4 and the friction wedges 5 is less than 37 °, and the angle β that converges on the cone into the hexagonal neck 2 of the friction surfaces 3 is less than 3 °, and the angle γ between the friction wedge 5 and the pressure plate 6 is from 0 to 20 °.

In the dividing plates 9 (Figs. 8 and 9), holes 16 are made with flanges 17 in the form of bilateral convexes, as well as the texture either in the form of intersecting recesses 18 (Fig. 8), or in the form of concentric recesses 19 (Fig. 9).

On the surface of the pressure plate 6 (FIG. 1) facing the stack of polymer elastic elements 7, concentric grooves 20 (FIG. 10) or / and holes 21 are made.

The pressure cone 4 (Figs. 1-3, 5.6), the friction wedges 5, the pressure plate 6 through the package of polymer elastic elements 7 and the housing 1 can be fixed to each other with hooks 22 made on the pressure cone 4 and inside the hexagonal neck 2 of the housing 1.

At the end of the guide rod 11 (Fig. 5), in order to prevent it from falling out of the apparatus during transportation and to return it to its original position when the apparatus is backtracked, it is recommended that the nut 23 be screwed onto the guide rod along its threaded part 24.

An embodiment of the absorbing apparatus without the use of the hooks 22 mentioned above is also possible (Figs. 1-3, 5.6). To do this, it is recommended that the guide rod 11 be made in the form of a coupling bolt (Fig. 6), on the thread 25 of which a flare nut 26 is screwed. In addition, it is recommended that a coupling be used inside the absorbent apparatus of a package of polymer elastic elements 7 of increased height to increase the energy consumption of this package a bolt longer than the length of the housing 1. For the same purpose, it is recommended that the bottom 27 (Fig. 7) of the housing 1 carry bonku 27 with a height of at least 50 mm. Then around it can be located extreme polymer elastic element 28 of larger diameter and height than all other polymer elastic elements 7.

In order to obtain a complete and stable power characteristic of the absorbing apparatus, it is recommended to use ceramic-metal inserts 30 on the surfaces of its friction wedges 5, conjugated with the friction surfaces 3 of the neck 2 (Fig. 4).

In any of the polymer elastic elements 7 can be made not only at least one groove 15 located along the perimeter of their outer surface, but can also be made together or separately at least one groove 29 (Fig. 11-13) located on their inner surface.

Such grooves 15 and 29 may be formed by curved and / or rectilinear surfaces of the polymer elastic element 7 converging at an acute angle.

The absorbing apparatus operates as follows.

Under the action of the shock load from the automatic coupler device of freight cars of a railway train (not shown), the pressure cone 4 of the absorbing apparatus shifts inside it, compressing polymer elastic elements 7 through the pressure plate 6 and pressing the friction wedges 5 to

- 3 033764 frictional surfaces 3 of the hexagonal neck 2 of the housing 1, creating a friction force between them. When it grows to its maximum value with full compression of the polymer elastic elements 7 (at the same given loads and collision speeds), there is an intensive braking of the movement of the pressure cone 4 and absorption of impact energy. In this case, the work spent on the activation of the absorbing apparatus is spent mainly on overcoming the friction forces and compressing the package of polymer elastic elements 7 and is completely absorbed, turning into thermal energy.

When a load is applied, the radial size of the polymer elastic elements 7 increases, but not very significantly, due to the tendency of the sections of its curved surfaces 8 and additional curved surfaces 14 to move toward the groove 15.

By acting on their surfaces on the texture in the form of intersecting recesses 18 (Fig. 8) or in the form of concentric recesses 19 (Fig. 9), as well as on the flanging 17 of the holes 16 by limiting the degree of deformation (flattening), the polymer elastic elements 7 do not acquire residual deformation, which is achieved by a positive effect.

In addition, a significant part of the deformable material around the perimeter of the polymer elastic elements 7 will tend to move in the direction of their grooves 15 and / or 29. Therefore, there will be no abrasion of such elements on the walls of the housing 1 of the absorbing apparatus, which will increase its service life. At the same time, good indicators of its energy intensity and power characteristics will remain.

After removing the load, the forces expended previously on the compression of the polymer elastic elements 7, ensure the return of all the moving parts of the absorbing apparatus to its original position.

The use of the proposed absorbing apparatus of increased and stable energy intensity will reduce the impact on freight cars through couplers and increase their uptime before decommissioning.

Sources of information.

1. Patent RU No. 2225306, B61G 9/16, 03/10/2004.

2. Patent RU No. 2350501, B61G 9/10, B61G 9/18, 08.22.2007.

Claims (2)

1. An absorbing apparatus comprising a housing (1) with an open neck (2), wherein a pressure cone (4), friction wedges (5) with a pressure plate (6), and a return support device in the form of a bag are placed in the housing (1) polymer elastic elements (7, 28) with a curved side surface (8, 14), between which dividing plates (9) are located with holes, and the package of polymer elastic elements (7) is installed in the bottom (10) of the housing (1) on the guide rod (11) and is located between the pressure plate (6) and the bottom (10) of the housing (1), with at least At least one outer groove (15) is formed in one polymer elastic element (7, 28) of the back-retaining device, formed by curved and / or rectilinear surfaces of this polymer elastic element converging at an acute angle, in addition, the guide rod is passed through the bottom (10) of the housing (1) bonkou (27), characterized in that the bonkot (27) is made not less than 50 mm high and around it there is an extreme polymer elastic element (28) of a larger diameter than all other polymer elastic elements (7) . 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the ceramic-metal inserts (30) are located on the surfaces of its friction wedges (5) mated to the friction surfaces (3) of the open neck (2) of the housing (1).