EA032122B1 - Friction shock absorber - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is related to transport machine engineering and concerns friction shock absorbers of vehicles, primarily railway vehicles. The objective of the invention is improvement of operating efficiency and reliability of a friction shock absorber. The friction shock absorber (Fig. 3) comprises a body (1) with a bottom (4) and with a neck (2) formed by body walls (3) and accommodating a compressible return-retaining device (5) that contacts a friction assembly (7) consisting of a pressure wedge (10) and spacer wedges (11) contacting the pressure wedge. The neck (2) of the body (1) houses also guide plates (12) that are in contact with spacer wedges (11) and with movable plates (13) that contact the walls (3) of the body (1) and are provided with projections (9) between which the guide plates (12) are arranged, the latter being mounted on internal projections (20) of the body (1). The surfaces of the guide plates (12) facing the spacer wedges (11) have longitudinal hollows (V) embracing the return-retaining device (5). The hollows (V) in the guide plates (12) may be curvilinear, and they may be arranged not over entire guide plate width. The distance (Lv) from the ends of the guide plates (12) located nearer to the bottom (4) of the body (1) to boundaries (s) of the hollows (V) of the guide plates (12) located nearer to the neck (2) of the body (1) may be more than half their length (Lo). The walls (3) of the body (1) have hooks (16) between which recesses (21) may be provided. The walls (3) of the body (1) may be formed also of inserts (8) that are in contact with the movable plates (13). The pressure wedge (10) may be fixed in the body (1) by its hooks (15) engaging the hooks (16) of the body walls (3).

Description

The invention relates to the field of transport engineering and relates to friction shock absorbers of vehicles, mainly trains. The task is to increase the reliability and efficiency of the friction shock absorber. The friction shock absorber (Fig. 3) contains a housing (1) with a bottom (4) and with a neck (2) formed by its walls (3), in which a return-supporting device (5) made with the possibility of compression is located, which is in contact with the friction unit ( 7), consisting of a pressure wedge (10) and spacer wedges (11) in contact with it. In the neck (2) of the housing (1), guide plates (12) are located in contact with the spacer wedges (11), as well as with the movable plates (13), which are located in contact with the walls (3) of the housing (1) and provided with protrusions ( 9), between which the guide plates (12) are located, installed on the internal protrusions (20) of the housing (1). On the surfaces of the guide plates (12) facing the spacer wedges (11), samples (V) located along them are made, covering the back-retaining device (5). Samples (V) in the guide plates (12) can be made in a curved shape, and they may not be located along their entire width. The distance (Βν) from the ends of the guide plates (12), located closer to the bottom (4) of the housing (1), to the borders (§) of the samples (V) of the guide plates (12) located closer to the neck (2) of the housing (1) can make up more than half of their length (L0). In the walls (3) of the housing (1), hooks (16) are made, between which recesses (21) can be made. The walls (3) of the housing (1) can also be formed from inserts (8) located in contact with the movable plates (13). The pressure wedge (10) can be fixed in the housing (1) with its hooks (15) on the hooks (16) of its walls (3).

032122 B1

The invention relates to the field of transport engineering and relates to friction shock absorbers of vehicles, mainly for absorbing devices installed between cars of a train.

Known friction shock absorber [1, Patent I8 2701063 IPC B61O 9/10, priority 11/28/1951, publication 02/01/1955], containing wedges placed in the housing, with which plate packets are pinched onto the housing, consisting of a movable plate and guide plates, between which it located, with one of the guide plates in the plate packages located between the housing and the movable plate, and the other between the movable plate and one of the wedges.

Such a friction unit is not very energy-intensive, which is due to the low force of the wedges being formed on the side of its pressure wedge against the movable plates and guide plates. The friction forces arising from this are insufficient to achieve high energy absorption. The lack of efficiency is due to the fact that the reciprocating device occupies the space only under the friction unit, and therefore it is impossible to fit springs with great effort into devices with existing dimensions, as a result of which the efficiency of the devices is also low.

This problem is solved in the device [2, Patent VI 2380257, IPC B61O 9/18, priority 13.11.2007, publication 05.20.2009), adopted as a prototype.

It contains a housing with a neck formed by its walls, as well as with a bottom, on which a reciprocating device made with the possibility of compression is located, in contact with which there is a friction unit consisting of a pressure wedge and expansion wedges in contact with it. In the neck of the housing are mounted on the inner projections of the housing guide plates in contact with spacer wedges and with movable plates, which are located in contact with the walls of the housing.

In order to increase the efficiency of the friction shock absorber [2], protrusions made in contact with the base plate are made on the movable plates. Between such protrusions are guide plates. In this case, each movable plate is supported not by the lower end on the base plate, as in the analogue [1], but by lateral protrusions, which allows to increase the height of the reciprocating device, its rigidity and efficiency of the entire product. In this case, it is not necessary to change its dimensions, the spacer force becomes higher, and the energy absorption in the friction assembly increases. The guide plates are equipped with long friction surfaces, during friction along which high energy absorption occurs.

The large extent of the friction surfaces, as well as the completeness of their contact with the spacer wedges, entails an increase in forces closer to the end of compression of the reciprocating device caused by the work of friction forces. This can often lead to a sharp increase in the final force when closing the friction shock absorber, which makes its operation unacceptable. That is, the increase in the space between the bottom of the housing and the friction unit does not allow to fully use it for installation of the reciprocating support device of high rigidity.

To achieve the maximum effect, a back-up device of the maximum possible stiffness should be used, but the final force when closing the device should be limited. This is necessary, firstly, to ensure the power characteristics of the friction shock absorber, which should not exceed the standard values, and secondly, to obtain a high initial tightening force and the most complete power characteristic, which corresponds to the high energy consumption of the device. However, such necessary solutions in the design of the prototype [2] is not observed.

The above disadvantages of the friction shock absorber of the prototype [2] reduce the reliability and efficiency of its work.

Therefore, the objective of the invention is to achieve a technical result aimed at improving the reliability and efficiency of the friction shock absorber by installing a back-supporting device of high rigidity, as well as reducing the final force of the friction shock when compressing its reciprocating device.

The problem is solved in that the friction shock absorber comprising a housing with a bottom and with a neck formed by its walls, in which there is a reciprocating device made with the possibility of compression and in contact with a friction assembly consisting of a pressure wedge and expansion wedges in contact with it, except in addition, guide plates are located in the neck of the housing in contact with spacer wedges, as well as with movable plates, which are located in contact with the walls of the housing and are provided with protrusions, ezhdu and which are arranged guide plates mounted on the internal housing projections, there are distinguishing features: on the wedges facing surfaces of the guide plates are formed along the sample covering back-brace device.

Such a distinguishing feature allows the use of high rigidity back-retaining device, which will increase the initial tightening force. By minimizing the impact of the work of friction forces (due to the reduction in the area and length of the areas of full contact of the spacer wedges with the guide plates) at the end of the compression stroke of the reciprocating device, it becomes possible to obtain a high energy intensity of the friction shock absorber and limit excessive

- 1,032,122 increase in compressive strength of the reciprocating device.

Additional distinguishing features:

the samples in the guide plates are made in a curved shape, and they are not located across their entire width;

the distance from the ends of the guide plates located closer to the bottom of the body to the borders of the samples of the guide plates located closer to the neck of the body is more than half their length;

hooks are made in the walls of the housing with recesses between them;

the walls of the housing are also formed of inserts located in contact with the movable plates;

the pressure wedge is fixed in the housing with its hooks on the hooks of its walls.

The invention is illustrated by illustrations, where in FIG. 1 shows a top view of a friction shock absorber; FIG. 2 and 3 show its combined profile section AA in FIG. 1, where the friction shock absorber in the initial state is depicted on the left side, and in its fully compressed state on the right side;

in FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view B of FIG. 2;

in FIG. 5 shows a guide plate of a friction damper according to the invention;

in FIG. 6 shows a friction shock absorber housing with a reciprocating device installed in it in the form of a package of metal springs inserted into each other.

Friction shock absorber (Fig. 1-3), contains a housing 1 with a neck 2 formed by its walls 3 and with a bottom 4. In the neck 2 there is a reciprocating device 5 with which it contacts directly (not shown) or through a base plate 6 friction unit 7.

The walls 3 of the housing 1 can also be formed from inserts 8 (Fig. 3).

Reciprocating device 5 can be made spring (Fig. 6) or in the form of a package of elastic elements (not shown).

The friction unit 7 (Fig. 1-3) consists of a pressure wedge 10 and spacer wedges 11 in contact with it. In the neck 2 of the housing 1 there are guide plates 12, which are provided with samples V (Figs. 2, 3, 5) facing to the side spacer wedges 11. Such samples V are located along the guide plates and cover the back-retaining device 5. The samples V (Fig. 5) in the guide plates 12 are made curved in shape and they are not located along their entire width;

In turn, the guide plates 12 (Fig. 1-3) are located in contact with the said spacer wedges 11 and with the movable plates 13, on which there are said protrusions 9 and which are located between and in contact with the walls 3 of the housing 1 (Fig. 2 ) It is useful to install the liners 8 between the walls 3 and the movable plates 13 to ensure the wearability of the walls 3 of the housing 1 (Figs. 1, 3).

The base plate 6 is equipped with protrusions 14 (Fig. 1), designed to capture the protrusions 9 of the movable plates 13 during the reverse stroke of the friction unit 7. For fixation, the pressure wedge 10 is equipped with hooks 15, and the walls 3 of the housing 1 with hooks 16.

In the walls 3 of the housing 1 there are also supporting protrusions 17 on which the inserts 8 are mounted (Fig. 3), with the restriction of their movement by the locking protrusions 18, also made in the walls 3 of the housing 1.

The mentioned samples V (Figs. 2, 3, 5) in the guide plates 12 can be located, for example, starting from the ends of these plates closer to the bottom 4 of the housing 1 towards the neck 2 of the housing 1, while the samples V are located so that the distances b from the ends of the guide plates 12 to the borders 8 of such samples V that are closest to the neck 2 of the housing 1, make up more than half the length L0 of the guide plates 12. This helps to reduce the intensity of the growth of forces at the end of the compression stroke of the back-retaining device 5 by reducing the friction forces at le, by reducing the length of the full contact portions of the guide plates 12 and spacer wedges 11.

To simplify the design of the middle part of the housing 1, it is advisable that the guide plates 12 (Fig. 2-5) were made with T-shaped stoppers 19 of their reverse stroke, which would be located closer to the bottom 4 of the housing 1 behind its inner protrusions 20.

In the walls 3 of the housing 1 between their hooks 16 (Figs. 1 and 6), recesses 21 are made, for example, rectangular, 8 wide, or arcuate (not shown), so that, for example, in the return support device 5, if it is executed in in the form of a package of elastic components (not shown), or in the form of compression springs 22 inserted into each other (Fig. 6), it was possible to use large elastic-elastic elements or metal compression springs 22 of large diameter to increase the energy consumption of the friction shock absorber.

The principle of operation of the friction shock absorber is based on the fact that when exposed to an external force O applied to the pressure wedge 10, for example, from the side of the coupling device when the carriage collides

- 2 032122 is new, the back-retaining device 5 is compressed.

In this case, the friction unit 7 operates as follows. The pressure wedge 10 carries the wedges 11 into the inside of the housing 1. At a certain period of the working stroke, a thrust plate (not shown) of the car’s coupler starts to press on the moving plates 13. Under the action of this force, the moving plates 13 with friction along the guide plates 12 and the walls 3 of the body 1 (Fig. 2), or along the guide plates 12 and liners 8 (Fig. 3) enter the inside of the housing 1. The spacer wedges 11, due to the slope on the guide plates 12, converge inward and to the axis of the shock absorber, sliding along the guide plates 12, as well as friccio the surface of the pressure wedge 11 and the base plate 6. At the same time, by the very end of the shock absorber’s stroke, the spacer forces increase so much (due to the highly elastic reciprocating device 5) that when the spacer wedges 11 pass along the guide plates 12, the friction forces work the increase in the final force is closer to the closure of the friction shock absorber. However, in the construction according to the invention, closer to the very end of the working stroke, the spacer wedges 11 are contacted with the guide plates 12 by a smaller area due to the samples V, and the length of the areas of full contact of the spacer wedges 11 and the guide plates 12 becomes smaller, as a result of which the friction on the growth of the final effort is reduced.

When removing the external impact on the shock absorber, the back-retaining device 5 unclenches, pushes the base plate 6 together with the spacer wedges 11 and the pressure wedge 10 mounted on it. When passing a certain amount of reverse stroke, the protrusions 14 (Fig. 1) of the base plate 6 capture the protrusions 9 of the movable plates 13 and the device goes to its original position until the hooks 15 on the pressure wedge 10 stop in the hooks 16 of the housing 1 (Fig. 1).

The recesses 21 (Figs. 1 and 6) between the hooks 16 of the housing 1, as well as the selections V on the guide plates 12, provide the possibility of installing a reciprocating device of the maximum possible diameter, whether it is a pack of metal compression springs 22 inserted into each other (Fig. 6 ) or a package of elastic elements.

Information sources:

1. Patent I82701063 IPC B6YU9 / 10, priority 11/28/1951, publication 02/01/1955.

2. Ki patent 2380257, IPC B6YU9 / 18, priority November 13, 2007, publication May 20, 2009 / prototype /.

List of reference designations and names of elements to which these designations relate

No. NAME one body 2 neck 3 case wall 1 four housing bottom 1 five back-up device 5 6 base plate 7 friction unit eight insert 9 U-shaped protrusion of the movable plate 13 ten pressure cone eleven expansion wedge 12 guide plate 13 movable plate 14 base plate protrusions 6 15 pressure wedge hooks 10 sixteen hooks of the walls 3 of the housing 1 17 support ledge of the walls 3 of the housing 1 18 housing lug 1 nineteen T-bar 20 internal protrusions of the housing 1 21 recess in the walls 3 of the housing 1 22 steel compression springs but recess width 21 Aa designation of the combined profile section of figure 1 AT figure 2 side view Ω external force B guide plate length 12 B the distance from the ends of the guide plates 12 to the closest to the neck 2 of the housing 1 borders s samples V, five border 5 of sample V V Guide Plate Selection 12

Claims (7)

CLAIM 1. Friction shock absorber comprising a housing (1) with a bottom (4) and with a neck (2) formed by the walls (3) of the housing (1), in which a reciprocating device (5) is arranged for compression and is in contact with friction unit (7), consisting of a pressure wedge (10) and spacer wedges (11) in contact with it, in addition, guide plates (12) are located in the neck (2) of the housing (1) in contact with the spacer wedges (11), and also with movable - 3 032122 plates (13), which are located in contact with the walls (3) of the housing (1) and are provided with protrusions (9), between which the guide plates (12) are located, mounted on the inner protrusions (20) of the housing (1), and on the surfaces of the guide plates (12) facing the wedges (11), samples (V) located along them are made, characterized in that the said samples (V) are made covering the back-retaining device (5). 2. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the samples (V) in the guide plates (12) are made in a curved shape and they are not located across their entire width. 3. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance (b) from the ends of the guide plates (12) located closer to the bottom (4) of the housing (1) to the borders located closer to the neck (2) of the housing (1) h) the samples (V) of the guide plates (12) are more than half their length (L0). 4. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls (3) of the housing (1) have hooks (16) with recesses (21) between them. 5. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls (3) of the housing (1) are also formed from inserts (8) located in contact with the movable plates (13). 6. The shock absorber according to claim 4, characterized in that the pressure wedge (10) is fixed in the housing (1) with its hooks (15) against the hooks (16) of its walls (3). Section AA in FIG. one 7 10