EA031029B1 - Double-acting traction-and-buffer device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is related to the field of transport machine-building and is related to vehicle shock absorbers, mainly for traction and buffer devices mounted between cars of a train, or for suspension shock absorbers in overweight road vehicles. The objective of the invention is provision of a simpler design, smaller dimensions and higher reliability of a double-acting traction-and-buffer device by eliminating the possibility of skewing and loss of stability of its damping stacks of resilient-elastic elements, and by minimization of residual deformation in resilient-elastic elements during compression. The double-acting traction-and-buffer device (Fig. 1), comprising stacks 10 separated from each other by a separator 1 and containing pre-pressed resilient-elastic elements 8 alternating with plates 9, and an aligning rod 6 passing through holes in the resilient-elastic elements and the plates, the resilient-elastic elements being assembled to form stacks so as to provide their successive maximum compression, wherein the device has the following distinctive feature: in the pre-compressed state, height h of any resilient-elastic element is more than 15% of the total height H of the stack of resilient-elastic elements where the given resilient-elastic element is located. Additional distinctive features of the invention: the number of resilient-elastic elements in each damping stack does not exceed five; an annular groove is provided on surfaces of resilient-elastic elements; height of resilient-elastic elements in the pre-compressed state is at least 15% of their diameter; the damping stacks of pre-compressed resilient-elastic elements are disposed between the separator and support beds; one guide passes through the separator and one support bed and is fastened to the other support bed, and the other guide passes through said other support bed and through the separator and is fastened to said first support bed, and the guides are provided with rests fixed to them near the separator.

Description

The invention relates to the field of transport engineering and relates to shock absorbers for vehicles, mainly for traction and buffer devices installed between the wagons of the train, as well as for shock absorbers of the suspension of heavily loaded trucks. The objective of the invention is to simplify the design, reduce the size and increase the reliability of the two-way action-buffer device by eliminating the likelihood of distortion of its damping packages of elastic elements and loss of their stability, as well as minimizing the accumulation of residual deformation in elastic-elastic elements during their compression. In the two-way action-buffer device (Fig. 1), containing between each other packages 10, pre-pressed elastic members 8, interleaved by plates 9, and also centering rod 6, passed through holes in elastic members and plates, while elastic-elastic the elements are assembled into damping packages with the possibility of their alternate maximum compression; there is a distinguishing feature: in the pre-compressed state, the height h is any elastic lementa is more than 15% of the total height H of the packet elastic member, wherein the elastic member is disposed. Additional features of the invention: the number of elastic elements in each damping package does not exceed five; on the outer surface of the elastic elements made annular groove; applied elastic elastic elements, the height of which in its pre-compressed state is not less than 15% of their diameter; damping packages of pre-compressed elastic-elastic elements are located between the separator and the support plates, with one guide running through the separator and one of the bearing plates, mounted on another base plate, through which the other guide passing through the separator and fixed on the first support plate, and on the guides stops are fixed near the separator.

031029 B1

The invention relates to the field of transport engineering and relates to shock absorbers for vehicles, mainly for traction and buffer devices installed between the wagons of the train, as well as for shock absorbers of the suspension of heavily loaded trucks.

Known traction-buffer device double-acting [1, US Patent 742793, IPC B60 G 11/22, priority 02.10.1901, published 10.27.1903], containing damping packages placed in the housing in the form of metal springs, delimited by a separator, ensuring operability devices to each side. However, to achieve high power characteristics of such a device, which is used in heavily loaded conditions of railway transport, requires a lot of springs, which significantly increases the cost of the product. In addition, metal springs have the property of embrittlement at critically low temperatures, leading to destruction.

This problem is partially eliminated in a two-way towing-buffer device [2, US 2469126, IPC B60 G 11/22, priority 01/16/1948, published on 03.05.1949], where rubber-metal elements are used as damping packages, through holes in which missing centering rod. A separator is fixed on the centering rod, which, when the device is compressed, acts on one of the damping packets, and on tension, on the other. Rubber-metal elements provide greater rigidity of the device, which allows to achieve high-quality power characteristics of devices. However, rubber has the disadvantages of metal springs at critically low temperatures, that is, the possibility of embrittlement and destruction. In addition, the strength characteristics of rubber-metal elements are strongly dependent on temperature, and are also prone to rapid destruction with frequent cyclic loading.

More durable and having more stable characteristics is adopted as a prototype of the invention traction-buffer device of double-sided action, used in the construction of the shock absorber of the suspension of the truck [3, US 8356807, IPC В60 G 11/22, priority 06.26.2010, published on 01.22.2013] . Such a double-sided device in a shock absorber contains damper packages delimited by a separator and pre-compressed elastic elements that are interleaved with plates, as well as a centering rod passed through holes in the elastic elements and plates, while the elastic elements are arranged in packages with the possibility of their own alternate maximum compression.

Elastic elements in such a device are made of an elastomer with high elasticity along with elasticity, low residual deformation and high frost resistance. However, the barrel-shaped form of such elements with repeated cyclic loading contributes to subsidence, that is, the accumulation of residual deformations. This leads to a decrease in the rigidity of the damping packages and the deterioration of the power characteristics of the device and the shock absorber as a whole. In addition, when compressing elastic-elastic elements, there is a significant increase in the outer diameter, which requires an increase in the dimensions of the devices in which they are used. Moreover, in the prototype [3] a large number (more than five) of elastic elastic elements is used in each of the packages. The shock-buffer device of the shock absorber is enclosed in a telescopic body, which complicates the design of the vehicle suspension, and can also lead to a loss of stability of the damping packages under severe operating conditions.

Therefore, the object of the invention is to simplify the design, reduce the size and increase the reliability of the two-way action-buffer device by eliminating the possibility of tilting its damping packages of elastic members and losing their stability, as well as minimizing the accumulation of residual deformation in elastic-elastic members when they are compressed.

The task is solved by the fact that in a two-way action-buffer device containing damping packages delimited by a separator between each other, pre-pressed elastic elements that are interleaved with plates, and also a centering rod passed through holes in elastic elements and plates, while the elastic elements are assembled damping packets with the possibility of their alternate maximum compression, there is a distinctive feature: in pre-compressed state SRI height h of any elastic member is more than 15% of the total height H of the packet damping elastic member, wherein the elastic member is disposed.

This distinctive feature allows you to eliminate the possibility of tilting the damping packages of elastic elements and the loss of their stability, as well as minimize the accumulation of residual deformation in them during compression. In addition, such a ratio of the heights of any elastic-elastic element and the damping package in which it is located will reduce the size and simplify the design of both the two-way pull-buffer device and the product in which it is located, such as a dump truck shock absorber or rail impact absorbing rail carriage apparatus.

Additional features of the invention:

the number of elastic elements in each damping package does not exceed five;

on the outer surface of the elastic elements made annular groove;

applied elastic elastic elements, the height of which in its pre-compressed its

- 1 031029 standing is not less than 15% of their diameter;

damping packages of pre-compressed elastic-elastic elements are located between the separator and the support plates, with one guide running through the separator and one of the bearing plates, mounted on another base plate, through which the other guide passing through the separator and fixed on the first support plate, and on the guides stops are fixed near the separator.

The invention is illustrated by illustrations, where in FIG. 1 shows a double-acting pull-buffer device according to the invention; in fig. 2 it is shown with compression in one direction; in fig. 3 - with compression in the other direction; in fig. 4 shows an exemplary view of an elastic element with an annular groove on the outer surface; in fig. 5, the element of FIG. 4 is shown between two plates under load.

Traction-buffer device double-sided contains (Fig. 1) separator 1, base plates 2, 3 and guides 4. One of the guides 4 is passed through the separator 1 and the base plate 2 and fixed to the base plate 3, and the other guide 4 is passed through the separator 1 and the base plate 3 and fixed to the base plate 2. On the guides 4 near the separator 1 fixed stops 5. In the base plate 2 is mounted a centering rod 6, which is located inside the hole 7 of the base plate 3.

There are also elastic-elastic elements 8 (Fig. 1 and 4), which are interleaved with plates 9 (Fig. 1) and assembled into damping packages 10 located on both sides of separator 1 with an emphasis into it and into supporting plates 2, 3.

In the pre-compressed state, the height h of any elastic-elastic element 8 is more than 15% of the total height H of the damping package 10, in which this elastic-elastic element 8 is located.

At the same time, the recommended height h (fig. 1) of the elastic-elastic elements 8 arranged and preloaded in the damping packages 10 should be at least 15% of their diameter d1.

An annular groove 11 (FIGS. 2, 4, 5) is made along the outer surface of elastic-elastic elements 8 by analogy with elastic-elastic elements made of polyurethane and used in a single-sided damping device [4, US 3929729 IPC C08 G 8/28, priority 21.11. 1974, published 12/30/1975]. The annular groove 11 allows you to reduce the dimensions of any damping devices due to the fact that the annular groove does not allow the outer diameter d2 (Fig. 5) of the elastic member 8 to increase significantly during compression after application of the load Q. Moreover, the use of such elastic members 8 significantly reduces the accumulation of residual deformations causing its sagging.

However, in the device according to the analogue of [4], the single-sided damping device is made without a centering rod, which negatively affects both the complexity of manufacturing such devices and their reliability.

The complexity is the need for centering the damping package along the inner walls of the body, which requires precise processing of both the body itself and the intermediate plates between the elastic elements. If such processing is not performed, then there is a high probability that the axis of the package deviates from the axis of the body, which can lead to a protrusion of the material of elastic elements into one side of the package, its twisting, biting the element between the intermediate plate and the body, with further destruction of the element, the damping package and failure of the entire device as a whole. Especially often in such devices, regardless of the shape of the element (barrel-shaped, with an outer annular groove), such an effect, causing a loss of stability, is observed in damping packages consisting of more than five elastic-elastic elements.

In the device according to the invention, such a centering rod 6 is present, and it is also passed through the openings 12 of elastic members 8, which are assembled together with the plates 9 into damping packages 10. This design prevents the centering rod, the inner surface of the body from being accurately processed, and her without body at all.

The separator 1 is made with the possibility of its fixed fastening on the base 13 of the product (not shown), in which the traction-buffer device double-sided action can be applied. In this product, one of the base plates 2, 3 or both are simultaneously located with respect to the separator 1 in such a way that the damping packages 10 of the elastic elements 8 are preloaded.

The base plates 2, 3 can be connected to pushers (not shown) of the product, in which a two-way pull-buffer device is installed to perceive external forces Q1 and Q2 (Fig. 2.3).

The centering rod 6 may be connected with a pitch (not shown) of such an item for transmitting to the traction-buffer device a two-way action of force F (FIG. 2). These external forces Q1 and Q2 (Fig. 2, 3) and force F (Fig. 2) exert a load Q on each elastic-elastic element 8 (Fig. 5).

- 2 031029

The principle of operation of the two-way pull-buffer device is based on the fact that when an external force Q1 (Fig. 2) is applied to the base plate 2, or when the pulling force F is applied to the centering rod 6, the damping package is compressed in contact with the base plate 2 10. At the same time, the centering rod 6 has the possibility of its free end extending beyond the bounds of the base plate 3 through the hole 7 in it, and the guides 4 have the ability to extend beyond the bounds of the base plates 2, 3.

When the external force Q1 extinguishes, the device returns to its original position (Fig. 1).

When exposed to external force Q2 (Fig. 3) attached to the base plate 3, the damping bag 10 in contact with it is compressed. At the same time, the centering rod 6 has the opportunity to extend its free end beyond the base plate 3 through the hole 7 in it, and the guides 4 have the ability to go beyond the base plates 2, 3.

The device has the ability to work with the compression of all damping packages 10, when it is simultaneously affected by external forces Q1 and Q2 (not shown).

The appearance of the elastic member 8 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 4. It has an annular groove 11 and a hole 12 on the outer surface. An annular groove 11 on the outer surface of the elastic member 8 allows to eliminate the accumulation of residual deformation under cyclic application of the load Q to it (Fig. 5), as well as reduce the maximum diameter d2 when the elastic is compressed element 8. This diameter d2 will be less than the maximum diameter when compressing a similar elastic-elastic element, but without an annular groove on the outer surface, as in analogue [4].

Thus, in comparison with analogues [1, 2, 4] and the prototype [3], in the invention no more than five elastic elastic elements 8 with annular grooves 11, arranged together in damping packages 10, have better stability, less ability to accumulate residual deformations , as well as smaller dimensions in compression.

Information sources.

1. Patent US 742793, IPC B60 G 11/22, priority 02.10.1901, published 10.27.1903.

2. US 2469126, IPC B60 G 11/22, priority 01/16/1948, published 05/03/1949

3. US 8356807, IPC B60 G 11/22, priority 06.26.2010, published on January 22, 2013 (prototype).

4. US 3929729 IPC C08 G 8/28, priority 11/21/1974, published 12/30/1975

Claims (3)

CLAIM 1. A double-acting traction-buffer device containing damping packages delimited by a separator between pre-pressed elastic elements that are interleaved with plates, and a centering rod passed through holes in elastic elements and plates, characterized in that the damping packages are located between the separator and support plates, and through the separator and one of the base plates skipped one guide mounted on the other base plate, through which Res separator skipped other guide, fixed to said first supporting plate, wherein on the guide stops are fixed near the separator and a preload state height of any elastic member is more than 15% of the overall height of the damping package, wherein the elastic member is disposed. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that an annular groove is formed on the outer surface of each elastic member. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the pre-compressed state, the height of each elastic-elastic element is at least 15% of its outer diameter. FIG. one - 3 031029 FIG. 2 FIG. 3