EA019089B1 - Electric-grade wire from aluminium alloy - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to metal forming process, in particular to producing wire by continuous drawing, wherein such wire is produced from an aluminium alloy meeting by its physical and mechanical properties big loads to tensile fracture and large electroconductivity. The inventive result is aimed at the use thereof in metallurgy and in electrotechnical industry and also provides improved higher surface microcontinuity and electroconductivity strength. An electrode wire produced from an aluminium alloy is characterized in that it comprises a core enveloped by a reinforced microcontinuity layer obtained by a plastic surface deformation of a billet wire, the density and microconductivity of which exceed those of the aforesaid core, tensile strength is 16-18 kgf/mmand alloy comprises wt%: iron 0.5-0.7; silicon 0.2-0.4; cerium, lanthanum, praseodymium totally 6.0-10.0; admixtures 0.1-0.3; aluminium making the rest.

Description

The technical solution relates to the field of metal forming, in particular to the manufacture of wire by the method of multiple drawing, moreover, such a wire, in particular, is made of aluminum alloy, which in its physical and mechanical properties responds to high tensile tensile loads and high electrical conductivity. The technical solution is intended for use in the field of metallurgy. The wire is intended for use in the field of the electrical industry.

Structural solutions of the wire and methods for its manufacture are known, and each technical solution includes the operations of wire drawing, annealing, normalization, the wire is made of soft metal alloys that meet the conditions of metal forming by drawing, and in the manufacture of wire, the wire blank is drawn repeatedly (ΟΝ1188810-Α , 1998-07-29, ΙΚΟΝ Υ.Ι. (ΟΝ); ΟΝ-1255413-Α, 2000-06-07, υΝίν ΌΟΝΟΒΕΙ (ΟΝ); ΟΝ-1851834Α, 2006-10-25, ΑΈ.ΙΙΧ ΗΕΝΟΤΟΝΟ META ZETEJ No. ΙΚ (ΟΝ); ΟΝ-1978686, 2007-06-13, δΗΑΝΟΗΑΙ ΖΗΟΝΟΤΙΑΝ AiMGYGOM No. (ΟΝ); ΟΝ -101127263-Α, 2008-02-20, ΥΟΝΟΟΗυΝ δΟΧ (ΟΝ); ΟΝ101200783-Α, 2008-06-18, δΗΑΝΟΗΑΙ ΖΗΟΝΟΤΙΑΝ ΑΕυΜΙΝΙυΜ No. (ΟΝ); ΟΒ 1303815, 01.24.1973, Ι.ΑΜΕδ ΑΚΤΗυΚ ΌΟΝΕΕΑΝ (ΟΒ) ; ΟΒ 1380175, 05.24.1973, ΡΕΤΕΚ ΜΙΟΗΑΕΡ ΡΑΑ (ΟΒ)).

Known wire having high electrical conductivity and tensile strength, while the wire is made of an alloy based on bronze, which contains, wt.%: Chromium - 0.15-0.25; zirconium 0.15-0.25; calcium - 0.03-0.10; copper - the rest, and after quenching the wire stock, heating, tempering, drawing, reheating and the time the wire spends in the furnace, the indicated indicators of its physical and mechanical properties are achieved (Κυ-77806-Ш, 10.11.2007, Kamensk-Uralsky Processing Plant OJSC non-ferrous metals (Κυ)). The description of this patent contains information that with multiple drawing, drawing is carried out along the routes, mm: 5.0-1.7 or 5.0-1.0.

A known wire made of an alloy containing nickel 2.2-2.8, chromium 0.5-1.0, silicon 0.6-0.8 and copper - the rest, while the wire is subject to hardening, drawing and aging (Κυ -71914υ1, 03/27/2008, OJSC Kamensk-Uralsky plant for processing non-ferrous metals (KP)). This wire meets the basic physical and mechanical parameters, in particular the tensile strength of at least 736-785-844 MPa. The wire is subject to repeated drawing along the routes, mm: 16-14-1210-9-8; 8-7-6-5-4-3.5.

Known wire with a diameter of 0.1 to 8.0 mm, having in the cold-drawn state, depending on the diameter, the tensile strength of not less than 844-961 MPa, elongation of 1.4-2.5% and fully withstanding the winding test, subject to additional thermal deformation processing, including low-temperature annealing at a temperature of 220-240 ° C and a shutter speed of 0.75-1.0 hours, carried out before each of at least three last passes of the drawing, and each of the last three passes of multiple drawing is carried out with particular relative zhatiyami in the range of 20-31% (Κυ-72 886-W, 10.05.2008, of Kamensk-plant processing non-ferrous metals (KP)). The wire is subject to repeated drawing along the routes, mm: 10.5-

8.5-7.5-6.5-5.7-5-4; 8-7-6-5-4-3.5.

The patent Κ.υ-2141389-01 presents an electrical wire made of an aluminum alloy of the type Α1-Μ§-8ί, which provides a method for its manufacture, the method comprising hardening the wire, natural aging for 84-168 hours, cold drawing the degree of deformation of 30-50%, artificial aging, followed by drawing with a degree of deformation of 2-25%, while the total degree of deformation is chosen in the range of 35-57%. The method achieves the specified level and stability of the mechanical and electrical properties of the wire, in particular, the tensile strength is increased by 4-6% and the specific electrical resistance is reduced within 0.0322-0.0328 Ohms per mm ² / m.

The technical solution presented in the patent Κ.υ-2141389-01 is a close technical solution to the technical solution described in this description.

It should be noted that according to the patent Κυ-2141389-Ο1, quenching is carried out by heating the bay to a temperature of more than 500 ° C and cooling the bay in water, and aging is carried out by aging the bay at room temperature for 84-168 hours

The operation of hardening the wire negatively affects the uniformity of the structure of the workpiece, which is made of Α1-Μ§-8ί alloy, and, accordingly, the quality of wire drawing, especially during the final drawing operation, since it does not completely exclude micro-discontinuities on the surface of the finished wire.

Cold drawing of a wire with a degree of deformation of 30-50% after quenching of the wire can lead to microcracks of the workpiece material, natural aging of the wire by aging in the range of 84-168 hours increases production costs, the total deformation of the wire in the range of 35-57% is relatively high, negatively affecting the quality of the wire. Subsequent repeated drawing of the wire billet with a degree of deformation of 2-25% also negatively affects the quality of the wire, since the percentages of the lower and middle limits of deformation are relatively high, which can lead to microcracks of the billet material and microroughnesses of its outer layer, especially the finish layer, whose surface quality is essential affects electrical conductivity. All the above remarks negatively affect the resistance.

- 1 019089 the ability of the wire to break, to bend and conductivity. These comments also adversely affect the time spent and the complexity of wire manufacturing.

The technical result of the technical solution of the problem presented in this description is to increase the micro-continuity of the wire surface, its strength, its electrical conductivity.

The technical result was obtained by an aluminum alloy electrical wire, characterized in that it contains a core and a hardened micro-continuity layer located around it, obtained by plastic deformation of the surface of the wire billet, the density and micro-continuity of which is greater than the density and micro-continuity of the core, the wire tensile strength is 16-18 kgf / mm ² , and the alloy contains, wt.%: iron - 0.5-0.7; silicon 0.2-0.4; cerium, lanthanum, praseodymium in the amount of 6.0-10.0; impurities - 0.1-0.3; the rest is aluminum.

It should be noted that since the main indicators of a wire having a cross-sectional area of less than 1 mm are the creep resistance of the material, the degree of plasticity, the limits of viscosity and elasticity, as well as the tensile strength, the elongation at break and the electrical resistance of the wire, how practice has shown that the most acceptable alloys for the manufacture of thin electrical aluminum wire are alloys containing aluminum, iron and other components that significantly affect on the strength of the wire, its electrical conductivity and resistance to drawing, associated with the cost of electricity. To obtain the wire and implement the method of its manufacture, the most suitable aluminum alloy is the obtained aluminum alloy 01417M, from which the caked and annealed wire is made, having a diameter of 7 to 9 mm.

In FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an electrical wire;

in FIG. 2 is a calibration diagram of wire blanks illustrating a method for manufacturing a wire;

in FIG. 3 is a diagram of annealing wire billets in a furnace, explaining a method for manufacturing a wire;

in FIG. 4 is a diagram of the welding of the ends of the wire blanks illustrating a method for manufacturing a wire;

in FIG. 5 is a diagram for reducing the diameter of a whip of a wire billet explaining a method for manufacturing a wire (finishing of a wire billet).

The aluminum alloy electrical wire in cross section (Fig. 1) contains a core 1 and a reinforced micro-continuity layer 2 located around it, obtained by plastic deformation of the surface of a wire billet. The density and microcontinuity of the hardened layer is greater than the density and microcontact of the core. The resistance of the wire billet and wire tensile is 16-18 kgf / mm ² . The alloy of the wire billet and wire contains, wt.%: Iron - 0.5-0.7; silicon 0.2-0.4; cerium, lanthanum, praseodymium in the amount of 6.0-10.0; impurities - 0.1-0.3; the rest is aluminum. A wire billet is a wire of a larger diameter Ό, from which a wire of a smaller diameter is made by drawing method.

A wire is made as follows. Selected aluminum alloy wire preforms in the form of several wires, for example, in coils 3 (Fig. 2), each wire precursor in cross section having a diameter of Ό 7 to 9 mm, or preferably the wire preform can have a non-calibrated diameter of Ό 8 mm, size corresponding to standard industrially manufactured wire. The diameter Ό of the wire billet is large in comparison with the diameter ά of the finished electrical wire.

Carry out cold drawing of wire billets through calibrated die 4 (Fig. 2), while drawing of each wire billet is carried out sequentially through one indicated die, then anneal wire billets in furnace 5 and naturally cool wire billets to an ambient temperature of 0-20 ° С . Annealing in the furnace is carried out in such a way that the wire preforms in coils 3 are loaded into a cold furnace having an ambient temperature, then the preforms are heated in the furnace to 350-450 ° C, the wire preforms are heated in the furnace for 35-70 minutes, bays of 3 wire blanks are removed from the furnace and cooled to ambient temperature.

Then, according to the established technology, the ends 6 and 7 (Fig. 4) of the annealed and cooled wire blanks are welded at point 8, forming from a two or more wire blanks a long whip of one wire blank, which is then drawn.

The stated cycle of processing a whip of a wire billet, i.e. its annealing, cooling and drawing are carried out repeatedly. In the process of multiple drawing of the wire billet, the initial diameter Ό of the billet is reduced to a diameter ά1 (Fig. 5) of the wire billet within ά1 = Ό (0,130,12).

Reducing the diameter of the wire billet from Ό to ά1 is carried out stepwise along the established routes. After carrying out the last drawing route, the wire strands rolled into a bay are subjected to final annealing and cooling. Then it is subjected to the final drawing (Fig. 5), during which the diameter ά1 is reduced to the diameter ά, until the specified diameter of the finished wire is obtained. When performing the final drawing through the draw 9 (Fig. 5) wire

- 2 019089 the workpiece is brought to a predetermined diameter by reducing the diameter of the 61 workpiece within the ratio of 6 = 61 (0.55-0.45).

It should be noted that before starting the production, the aluminum alloy wire billet is tested and a workpiece is selected that meets the condition of its tensile strength in the range of 16-18 kgf / mm ² , with a wire length of 0.9-1.1 m and a diameter wire billet 7-9 mm.

In the manufacture of wire having a diameter of 0.50 mm or less, on the first route of drawing the workpiece, its diameter is reduced in the range of 8.00-7.20 mm, on the second route of drawing the diameter of the whip of the wire billet is reduced from 7.20 to 6.48 mm, on subsequent routes for drawing a whip of a wire billet, its diameter is reduced respectively from 6.48 to 5.83 mm; from 5.83 to 5.24 mm; from 5.24 to 2.25 mm; from 2.25 to 1.00 mm and on the last drawing route, the diameter of the wire billet is reduced from 1.0 to 0.50 mm and less than the specified value. On the last wire drawing route, the diameter of the wire billet can be from 1.01 to 0.99 mm due to errors in drawing, and as a result, the reduction in the diameter of the wire billet can also be performed with an error from 0.51 to 0.49 mm. It has been experimentally established that a further decrease in the diameter of the wire below the lower specified limit for the specified material with its properties and tensile strength leads to breakage of the wire billet during its manufacture.

For a wire billet having the specified tensile strength limits, the first route is characterized by a multi-stage reduction in the diameter of the wire billet according to the scheme: 8.007.20-6.48-5.83-5.24 mm, the second route for reducing the diameter of the billet is characterized by the following scheme: 5.244.72 -4.25-3.8-3.44-3.10-2.79-2.51-2.25, the third and fourth routes are characterized by the following schemes, respectively: 2.25-2.03-1.83-1 , 65-1.48-1.33-1.20-1.08-1.00 and 1.0-0.90-0.81-0.73-0.66-0.59-0.53 -0.50, while after the last drawing route annealing of the workpiece is not carried out.

Claims (1)

An aluminum alloy electrical wire, characterized in that it contains a core and a hardened micro-continuity layer located around it, obtained by plastic deformation of the surface of the wire billet, the density and micro-continuity of which is greater than the density and micro-continuity of the core, the wire tensile strength is 16-18 kgf / mm ² , and the alloy contains, wt.%: iron - 0.5-0.7; silicon 0.2-0.4; cerium, lanthanum, praseodymium in the amount of 6.0-10.0; impurities - 0.1-0.3; the rest is aluminum.