EA012574B1 - Component of animal origin for production of dry food for animals, birds and fishes, dry food, method for producing thereof and biological system for keeping and breeding animals, birds and fishes - Google Patents

Abstract

It is suggested the application of a biological mass of annelids as a component of fodder of animal origin for production of dry food for animals, birds and fishes by means of extrusion of the components of vegetable and animal origin. It is also suggested dry food for animals, birds and fishes containing as at least one of the components of animal origin the biological mass of annelids, as well as a method for production of dry food for animals, birds and fishes, comprising mixing and loading into an extrusion machine the components of vegetable origin, the components of animal origin, one of which is a biological mass of annelids, with their subsequent joint extrusion and introduction, if necessary, of functional additives. The components of vegetable origin and the components of animal origin, one of which is a biological mass of annelids, preferably being loaded at the following ratio of mixture, wt %: the components of vegetable origin -50-95; the components of animal origin -5-50. It is further suggested an appropriate closed-loop non-waste biological system of animal, bird and fish keeping and breeding.

Description

The invention relates to feed for animals, birds and fish, in particular to dry, obtained by extrusion of feed and can be used in animal husbandry, poultry farming and fish farming. The invention also relates to a method for producing dry food for animals, birds and fish.

Most effectively claimed dry food, obtained by the claimed method, can be used in closed biological systems for keeping and growing animals, birds and fish.

In the production of feed intended for feeding animals, birds and fish, traditionally, one of the main components is raw materials containing proteins, including proteins of animal origin. In combination with raw materials containing proteins of plant origin, as well as with other components, this ensures the production of finished feed with a balanced protein content vital for a certain type of animals, birds and fish. It should be taken into account that the raw material - a source of high-grade animal-derived proteins - has a rather limited resource, and for the production of feed, as a rule, waste from meat, poultry and fish processing (offal, blood, bones, skins, skin, etc.) is used. d), rejected raw materials, etc. raw materials that are not suitable for one reason or another for use in human nutrition.

Traditional technologies of processing animal raw materials for animal feed due to their energy consumption and inefficiency, leading to partial loss of protein, do not meet modern requirements. For this reason, the problem of preserving protein in raw materials of animal origin and increasing its digestibility lies in the plane of use of extrusion processing of raw materials, in which, as a result of short-term exposure to high temperature and high shear stresses in the melt of the "raw material", proteins are partially destroyed to large peptides and amino acids. this ensures, in particular, an increase in protein digestibility.

Dry feeds containing animal proteins are known for feeding domestic animals, farm animals, domestic birds, agricultural birds, aquarium and pond (commercial) fish [1, 2, 3]. In known feeds, the above-mentioned traditional raw materials are used as raw materials - a source of animal proteins. At the same time, the extrusion process, as the most “gentle” mode of processing raw materials in terms of protein preservation, is used in the production of only a small part of the known dry feeds.

The closest to the claimed dry food for animals, poultry and fish is dry food, in particular for dogs and fur animals, which contains bone meal, grain feed mixture, wheat gluten, alcohol production waste, beet production waste, premix, monosodium glutamate, dry nettle and / or natural peat [4]. The feed described in the recipe is obtained by extrusion of the recipe components. However, in this feed, traditional bone meal is used as a source of animal protein.

Thus, the problem of finding sources of high-grade animal-derived proteins suitable for the production of feed for animals, birds and fish is still relevant.

At the same time, historically known is the use of annelids as a natural type of food consumed by various animals, birds and fish. In ringed worms, the protein content (raw) is 12-15%, therefore, to provide the necessary, for example, daily dose of protein intake, appropriately, an animal, bird or fish must consume a sufficiently large amount (by weight) of live ringed worms, which and occurs, as a rule, in the wild. However, in dry form, the protein content of ringed worms is already about 85%.

In addition, methods are known for cultivating ringed worms, in particular rainwater, using biohumus for their further inclusion in an unprocessed form in the diet of various species of animals (in particular, pigs, fur animals), birds (in particular, chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, ostriches) and pond fish [4].

Considering that the growth of the biomass of annelids in relation to the mass of “feed” consumed by them reaches up to 1500: 1 for certain species and in certain conditions, the annelids themselves are practically unlimited and easily reproducible sources of animal-derived proteins. However, their use in raw form is associated with the above-mentioned problem of insufficiently high content of proteins in raw form.

The objective of this invention is to develop a new dry extruded feed for animals, birds and fish, using a new source of animal protein, as well as a method for producing dry extruded feed and creating on their basis a biological system for keeping and growing animals, birds and fish. As the technical results achieved in solving the problem, can be mentioned:

reducing the cost of production of dry food, increasing the nutritional value of dry food, the ability to use a rapidly renewable and almost unlimited source of animal protein, the possibility of forming a closed waste-free cycle of housing and rearing, especially farm animals, birds and commercial fish.

The problem is solved through the use of biological mass of annelids as

- 1 012574 component of animal origin for the production of dry feed for animals, birds and fish by extrusion of components of plant and animal origin. Above, the advantages and disadvantages of using ringed worms as food for animals, birds and fish have already been described. The author of the invention was able to find an original way to use the biological mass of annelids in the composition of dry extruded feed together with other components of plant and, if necessary, of animal origin, as well as, if necessary, functional additives. During the experiments, excellent results were obtained in obtaining dry fodder with a given high solids content and with a given quantitative and qualitative protein content by co-extrusion of all the recipe components. The use of the biological mass of annelids as both the sole and one of the components of animal origin (components-sources of animal proteins) provided a dry extruded feed with excellent physico-chemical characteristics, with good palatability of various animals, birds and fish and with a high degree of digestibility .

Thus, the task is also solved with dry food for animals, birds and fish, containing at least one component of plant origin, at least one component of animal origin and, if necessary, functional additives, obtained by extrusion of components, due to the fact that as a component of animal origin contains the biological mass of annelids.

The inventive dry food as components of plant origin, preferably contains at least one component selected from the group including seeds of cereals, legumes, oilseeds, by-products of cereals, legumes, oilseeds, such as meal, bagasse, bran, husk, grass meal, hay, straw, food and animal feed production waste of plant origin, such as beer grains, beet melange, beet pulp.

While the claimed dry food as components of animal origin preferably contains the biological mass of annelids and, if necessary, at least one other component of animal origin, selected from the group including blood, meat waste, slaughter products, bone meal, fish meal, animal fat , powdered milk. In this case, the biological mass of annelids is contained in an amount of not less than 5 wt.% Of the total mass of animal components.

The choice of specific formulation of the feed, both in terms of components of plant and in the case of components of animal origin from the above-mentioned groups or other components that are not listed, but may be obvious to those skilled in the art are included in these groups, depending on the type of animal , birds and fish, its age, the need for proteins, fats, amino acids, minerals and other substances.

Another aspect of the present invention is the claimed method of obtaining the above-described dry food for animals, birds and fish, comprising mixing and loading into the extruder components of plant origin, components of animal origin, at least one of which is the biological mass of annelids, followed by their joint extrusion and the introduction, if necessary, of functional additives.

The proposed sequence of technological operations proved to be the best in the course of experiments in terms of the possibility of obtaining high-quality dry food with a high content of dry substances. During co-extrusion, the excess moisture contained in the biological mass of the ringed worms is evenly redistributed into other components, which are usually loaded dry, and ensures that extrusion conditions are optimal for the moisture content of the extruded raw material.

Preferred are the implementation forms of the proposed method of obtaining dry food, in which components of plant origin and components of animal origin, one of which is the biological mass of ringed worms (in live or ground form), is loaded in the following ratio, wt.%:

components of plant origin 50-95 components of animal origin 5-50

In the indicated ranges, in order to obtain the optimum moisture content of the mixture of components for extrusion, if necessary, use traditional technological methods, such as, for example, preparing appropriate formulations taking into account the moisture content of each component or preliminary drying of individual components or a mixture of components.

The inventive method provides for obtaining dry extruded feed, the particle size of which, their consistency and other physical and chemical characteristics provide the possibility of feeding it to any animal birds and fish without any restrictions. In this case, in accordance with the type of animal, bird and fish, the quantitative and qualitative composition of the components is set (taking into account the above ratios of components of animal and vegetable origin). For

- 2 012574 comparisons, live worms can be fed only to certain species of animals, birds and fish, taking into account the limitations imposed by the size of individuals of animals, birds and fish, their age, etc. Restrictions on feeding live ringworms can also be imposed also due to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms and their toxins in the biological mass of live ringed worms.

The dry food claimed and described above can be obtained by the claimed and described above method on an appropriate line for the production of dry food claimed, which preferably includes successively installed at least a component dosing device, a component mixing device and an extruder. Such a line may contain both technological devices known and traditionally used for the production of dry extruded feeds, as well as specially made devices, the design of which may be the subject of separate inventions and / or utility models. These circumstances do not have a significant impact on the achievement of the stated results, and, therefore, the design of the line for the production of the proposed dry food will be considered in the framework of this invention only schematically at the level of the main technological devices with reference only to their functional purpose.

Finally, another aspect of the present invention is the claimed biological system for keeping and growing animals, birds and fish, including a place for keeping and growing animals, birds and fish connected with the formation of a closed cycle, equipped with at least a means of giving out food and collecting means and removal of waste of animals, birds and fish associated with a composting device, configured to form a substrate for growing ringed worms based on the waste of animals animals, birds and fish and other liquid and solid biological waste, and equipped with a means of collecting and cleaning ringed worms with their subsequent supply to the above-mentioned line for the production of the claimed and described above dry food by the claimed and described above method, while the line for the production of dry food associated with the issuance of food feed places and the cultivation of animals, birds and fish.

As follows from the above description of the claimed biological system for keeping and growing animals, birds and fish, there is a closed cycle of almost waste-free production, which allows not only to solve all the problems associated with achieving the stated technical results, but also environmental, sanitary, etc. P. problems of keeping, in particular, farm animals and birds and pond fish. Such a system, in fact, is an ideal model of the circulation of substances in nature, in which the normal conditions for the flow of all biological, biochemical, physical and other processes are provided.

The advantages and advantages of the claimed invention are illustrated for greater clarity with the help of drawings, in which as an example, but not for limiting the claims, the following are presented:

FIG. 1 is a schematic depiction of the claimed biological system for keeping and growing animals, birds and fish;

FIG. 2 is a schematic depiction of a line for the production of dry extruded feed.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic depiction of the inventive biological system for keeping and growing animals, birds and fish, including the associated place 1 for keeping and growing animals, birds and fish (in various forms of implementation can be performed, for example, in the form of a farm, chicken house, pond, etc. .), equipped at least with means 2 for feeding out food (of any suitable form of realization, such as automatic dispensers, floating feeders for fish, etc.) and means 3 for collecting and discharging animal, bird and fish waste products, with composting device 4, made with the possibility of forming a substrate for growing ringed worms based on animal, bird and fish waste and other liquid and solid biological waste 5. From the composting device 4, the substrate for growing worms enters a special “farm” 6 for growing, collecting and cleaning ringed worms (can be made in the form of a series of vertically arranged elements such as a sieve for sifting substrate residues, as well as, for example, a washing device etc., with the subsequent supply of grown, harvested and peeled ringed worms to the above-mentioned line 7 for the production of the claimed and described above dry food by the claimed and described above method. The line for the production of dry food, in turn, is connected with the means 2 of issuing food to the place of 1 holding and raising animals, birds and fish. All connections between elements in FIG. 1 are indicated by arrows. Thus, the above-mentioned elements of the inventive system form a closed loop.

FIG. 2 in more detail, but also schematically depicts a suitable line for the production of the claimed dry extruded feed, indicated by the position 7 in FIG. 1 in the lowest possible completeness. The line for the production of dry extruded feed includes sequentially installed device 8 dosing of components (one dosing device is schematically shown in Fig. 2, but in various forms of realization dosing of some or all of the components can be carried out on separate dosing devices: weights, measuring tanks, etc. ), the device 9 for mixing the components and the extruder 10. If necessary, to ensure the specified characteristics of the 3,012,574 risks of the manufactured feed, the line 7 may be included at various stages of the technological process and other technological devices and units, such as dryers, crushers, screw conveyors, grinders, etc.

The claimed biological system operates as follows.

In place 1 of keeping and raising animals, birds and fish, individuals of animals, birds or fish are placed either in individual, or in group, or in general compartments equipped with appropriate means of 2 feeding out. For various types of farms (pig farms, cattle farms, etc.) and poultry houses, individuals of animals and birds are housed in individual compartments (stalls, pens, cages, etc.), and the means 2 for feeding out can be made in the form of automatic dispensing devices. Fish are placed in a common pond (for fry and young stock, special tanks, ponds, etc.) can be used, and the means 2 for feeding can be made in the form of floating feeders. All places 1 maintenance and cultivation are equipped with means of 3 collection and disposal of waste of animals, birds and fish, where the waste comes into the device 4 composting. In devices 4 composting form a substrate of the appropriate composition, suitable for a particular type of annelids. In addition to the waste products from the means 3 for collecting and discharging waste, other liquid and solid biological wastes 5 (waste from meat processing, etc.) can also enter the substrate. The finished substrate from the composting device 4 is fed to the “farm” 6 with the help of appropriate devices for growing, collecting and cleaning the ringed worms, which may have a special design that is convenient, for example, for the step-by-step growing of the ringed worms. For example, pallets with a mesh bottom arranged in several tiers, through the cells of which, with shaking, the substrate residues will be removed at the end of the ringworm growing cycle, which can be re-directed to the composting device 4. "Farm" 6 for growing, collecting and cleaning ringed worms can be any other suitable design. If necessary, flushing devices of any suitable design can be provided. At the exit of the farm 6 for growing, harvesting and cleaning the ringed worms, for example in continuous cyclic mode, receive the established portions of the biological mass of the ringed worms, which are fed to line 7 for the production of the claimed and described above dry food by the claimed and described above method. On line 7 for the production of dry food biological mass of annelids is dosed in accordance with the specified recipe using the device 8 dosing of components. Also dispensed with the help of the device 8 dosing of components and other prescription components, which together with the biological mass of worms are fed into the device 9 mixing components. The resulting mixture is fed into the extruder 10. Depending on the desired particle size of the dry feed, the extruder is supplied with appropriate spinnerets. The dry extruded feed obtained at the exit of the extruder 10 goes further through the means 2 of dispensing feed to the site 1 of keeping and raising animals, birds or fish and the next cycle of the system’s vital activity begins.

The advantages and advantages of the claimed invention will be further discussed in more detail also in some possible, but non-limiting examples of the implementation of dry food and its production method.

Examples

Example 1. Recipe declare dry food.

Example 1.1 Dry food for pigs.

Dry food was obtained by co-extrusion of prescription components and the subsequent addition of vitamin-mineral premixes. As a prescription component, 15 kg of biological mass of ringed worms (this. Family), 10 kg of meat waste, 50 kg of triticale, 20 kg of sunflower meal were loaded into the extruder.

At the exit of the extruder, a semi-finished dry food was obtained in the form of extrusion “sticks” 3–7 cm long, quite brittle in structure with a dry matter content of 89.1%, a protein content of 23% and an exchange energy of 3800 kcal / kg. Vitamin-mineral premixes were introduced into the semi-finished product and fed as complete feed for weaned piglets.

Example 1.2. Dry feed for chickens.

A semi-finished dry food was prepared by co-extrusion of the recipe components in the amount of 80% by weight barley, 20% by weight of the biological mass of the worms (this. Synergy).

At the exit of the extruder, a semi-finished dry food was obtained in the form of extrusion “grains” with an average granule diameter of about 0.3 cm, quite brittle in structure with a solids content of 89.5%, a protein content of 16% and an exchange energy of 3760 kcal / kg. Food was introduced into the diet of meat-breeding chickens.

Example 1.3. Dry food for carp.

Dry fodder was prepared by simultaneous extrusion of 40% by weight of the biological mass of annelids (this. Family), 50% by weight of barley and 10% by weight of the green mass of corn with preliminary drying of the mixture to a moisture content of 25%.

At the exit of the extruder, dry food was obtained in the form of extrusion “grains” with an average diameter of about 0.2 cm, relatively fragile in structure with a solids content of 85%, a protein content of 23% and an exchange energy of 3800 kcal / kg. Dry food was included in the diet of pond carp.

Example 2. The method of obtaining dry food.

Preparing dry food by dosing, mixing and simultaneous extrusion of the recipe components in accordance with examples 1.1-1.3. Extrusion was carried out for 5-10 s at a temperature of 130-170 ° C and a pressure of 3-7 atm. At the exit of the extruder, replaceable dies were installed to provide a given shape and particle size. Data on the obtained dry food (the main characteristics of the finished dry food) are given in the texts of examples 1.1.-1.3.

Literature:

1. Patent YAI number 2182799 C2, publ. 27.05.2002.

2. Patent EA No. 006773 B1, publ. 04/28/2006.

3. Patent EA No. 002744 B1, publ. 08.29.2002

4. Patent YAI number 2202896 C2, publ. 04/27/2003.

5. Application YAI number 2003101023 A, publ. 10/27/2004.

Claims (8)

CLAIM 1. The use of the biological mass of annelids as a component of animal origin for the production of dry food for animals, birds and fish by extrusion of components of plant and animal origin. 2. Dry food for animals, birds and fish, containing at least one component of plant origin, at least one component of animal origin and, if necessary, functional additives obtained by extrusion of components, characterized in that as one component of animal origin contains the biological mass of annelids. 3. The feed according to claim 2, characterized in that as a component of plant origin contains at least one component selected from the group comprising seeds of cereals, legumes, oilseeds, processed products of cereals, legumes, oilseeds, such as meal, beet pulp , bran, husk, grass meal, hay, straw, food waste and animal feed production of plant origin, such as beer pellets, beet melange, beet pulp. 4. Food according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that, as components of animal origin, if necessary, additionally contains at least one component selected from the group comprising blood, pulp waste, slaughter products, bone meal, fish flour, animal fat, milk powder, and the biological mass of annelids is contained in an amount of at least 5 wt.% of the total mass of components of animal origin. 5. A method of obtaining dry food for animals, birds and fish according to any one of claims 2 to 4, comprising mixing and loading into the extruder components of plant origin, components of animal origin, one of which is the biological mass of annelids, followed by their joint extrusion and the introduction, if necessary, of functional additives. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the components of plant origin and components of animal origin are loaded in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Components of plant origin - 50-95, components of animal origin - 5-50. 7. The method according to any one of paragraphs.5 or 6, characterized in that as the biological mass of annelids use annelids in live form or that have undergone preliminary grinding. 8. A biological system for keeping and raising animals, birds and fish, including a place for keeping and raising animals, birds and fish associated with the formation of a closed cycle, equipped with at least a means of distributing feed and a means of collecting and discharging animal, bird and fish waste associated with a composting device configured to form a substrate for growing annelids based on animal, bird and fish waste and other liquid and solid biological wastes, and an abundant means of collecting and cleaning annelids with their subsequent feeding to the line for the production of dry food according to any one of claims 2-4, the method according to any one of claims 5-7, wherein the line for the production of dry food is associated with the means for delivering the feed to the place of keeping animals , birds and fish.