EA009928B1 - Method of constructing strip foundations with longitudinal groove, a foundation element and holding/leveling device provided therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the construction of foundations for industrial buildings, to some foundation parts which become integral parts of the foundation and devices for holding and leveling the foundation parts. The method of constructing strip foundation with longitudinal socket groove is characterized in that the longitudinal socket groove is formed of plurality of pre-cast socket elements (3) having longitudinal grooves and projecting reinforcement (3.3) each of them is temporarily hanged over the trench (8), around the perimeter of the building layout, on holding/leveling devices (5), until being finally adjusted and leveled by the same devices, subsequently poured with fresh concrete to form the strip footing (4) into which the said elements (3) are incorporated through projecting reinforcement (3.3). The use of said invention provides a considerable man power and material safe making the process of foundation construction is less dependent of weather conditions.

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to the construction of foundations for industrial buildings and other buildings of a similar type of reinforced concrete and, in particular, to some precast elements that form an integral part of these foundations.

The technical field to which the invention relates is described in the international patent classification 1PC, class E 02Ό 27/00, which relates to the construction of foundations in general, or in more detail in class E 02Ό 27/32.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the construction of special strip foundations with a longitudinal groove (nest) intended for long-span building structures with walls formed by vertical supporting cantilever panels supporting the roof with or without intermediate ceilings. In particular, the present invention relates to a method, a foundation element and a device for constructing the underground part of these foundations.

During the traditional construction process, the foundation of the building is formed from laid concrete, which takes several days and a significant number of man-hours. The present invention significantly makes the traditional process more rational, reducing its duration to one day; To accomplish a much simplified task of preparing such a foundation, an improved process requires a crane, certain specialized equipment and only a few workers.

The traditional procedure, which is briefly described here for comparison with the present invention, begins with the fact that a trench of the required depth is located in the ground below the freezing line, located along the perimeter of the marking of the building. Then, the bottom of the trench is poured with a thin layer of concrete (which takes at least a day to solidify) to create a smooth and clean surface on which it will be possible to precisely place the reinforcement of the strip foundation from the welded mesh and the reinforcement of the longitudinal channel (or nests). After this, the concrete mixers deliver the concrete to the construction site and pour the concrete, forming a slab of the strip foundation. Then, before taking the next steps, it takes another day to harden the concrete thus poured. After the concrete of the slab of the strip foundation has hardened, the installation of the reinforcement should be completed (if this has not been done before). After that, lateral forms are installed in order to limit the space for two thin walls of the channel of the longitudinal socket. Finally, a channel is poured under the nest, and it takes a few more days for the concrete to solidify sufficiently so that the panels can be installed on it.

Long and thin strips forming a longitudinal groove are not easy to manufacture and precisely align; it takes a significant amount of man-hours at a construction site - in particular, for the construction and alignment of a huge number of forms, installation of reinforcement, concreting in two stages (foundation and groove separately), as well as other operations; however, weather-related complications can slow down the various stages of construction.

The inventive method, which is an alternative to the processes of erecting traditional foundations made by casting in place, has several advantages in comparison with the known method in terms of performing the task of constructing foundations. Since the need to simplify the process always exists, the present invention allows to accelerate the traditional procedure and reduce labor costs by using channels from prefabricated concrete elements that are delivered to the construction site, properly aligned using appropriate devices and immediately concreted. Thus, the simpler and faster method proposed in the framework of the present invention leads to significant savings in labor and materials, making the entire process of building the foundation less dependent on weather conditions.

Description of the invention

As indicated above, the general subject of the present invention is a quick and economical method of constructing strip foundations with a longitudinal groove for the above types of buildings, although the same method and equipment can be used to construct several different types of foundations. A standard load-bearing prefabricated wall of panels mounted on a strip foundation and serving to support this particular type of building is shown in FIG. 1. Tall and thin wall panels are inserted into the longitudinal grooves running around the perimeter of the building, temporarily aligned and fixed there with wedges, and then finally fixed with concrete, poured in the usual way into the gap between the panels and thin walls of the groove.

Thus, the present invention includes the quick placement of such long reinforced concrete foundation elements that are temporarily suspended and held in a predetermined position using a plurality of fixtures for fixation until all (or a certain part) of the elements are assembled and precisely aligned. The foundation elements thus installed and securely fixed are finally fixed in the poured concrete of the strip foundation, becoming part of the foundation, as shown in FIG. 2.

In the most common wireframe prototype systems, columns or frames carrying

- 1 009928 roof / ceiling structures, rely on separate foundations, and the forces and bending moment are concentrated on the foundation. In this system, where the placement / loading of walls / panels is carried out uniformly along the strip foundation, the vertical load and bending moments are transmitted fairly evenly (per unit length) throughout the foundation. Compared with individual foundations, longitudinal strip foundations, due to the reduced and significantly lower pressure on the contact surface of concrete and soil, can be constructed at a shallower depth; while the uniform distribution of load and bending moment along the length of the strip foundation allows the use of thinner and wider strip foundations.

Longitudinal grooves, providing a connection with the jamming of wall panels and the foundation, require the most accurate alignment of the common bottom, so it is advisable to cast them in stable factory conditions - in particular, using accurate forms, if all the necessary equipment is in one place and regardless of weather conditions.

When using the foundation elements delivered to the construction site, the problem arises of their exact placement and alignment along the entire length of the formed channel, consisting of many such elements, before concreting the strip foundation. For this purpose, with the purpose of the final formation of the entire groove, as well as with the aim of ensuring accurate preparation and perfect horizontal alignment of the continuous longitudinal groove, the fixing devices shown in FIG. 7. Each foundation element is temporarily fixed by a pair of such devices, as shown in FIG. 4. Being installed in this way, many foundation elements assembled into a single groove are suspended above the bottom of the trench at a predetermined depth. Thus, a suspended longitudinal groove is formed; the lower parts of the ends of adjacent elements 3 of the foundation 4 can be located perfectly close to each other; these elements are made compatible so that their alignment is carried out by the same devices. As shown in FIG. 4, beams 5.1 of adjustable length of fixtures 5 for fixing and leveling, are thrown over the trench and are supported by two supports 6, each of which is equipped with a hydraulic lift 6.1 for vertical alignment. The inclination of the foundation element in the trench in the transverse direction is prevented by hanging on two vertical rods 5.3, the lengths of which are previously set equal. The inclination of the element 3 in the longitudinal direction is controlled by means of hydraulic lifts 6.1 of the supports 6. The movement of the foundation element in the direction of its axis, as well as its transverse translational movement, is provided by rollers located between the cases of the hydraulic lifts 6.1 and the supporting plates 6.4. The most accurate horizontal movements in both directions in the horizontal plane are carried out by sliding the body of the support 6 along the supporting plate 6.4, provided by hydraulic devices or other similar means.

In order to provide the required connection between the foundation element and the concrete strip at the construction site, it is necessary to provide an appropriate amount of reinforcement protruding from the base side of the foundation element, as shown in FIG. 2. The foundation element must also be equipped with a certain amount of longitudinal reinforcement, which prevents minor deviations caused by the lifting and transportation of the element, as well as its location above the trench. After precise alignment, such a temporarily suspended structure, forming a longitudinal groove of the foundation 4, is poured with fresh concrete mix and thus securely fixed.

The main objective of the present invention is to propose foundation elements and methods that greatly facilitate and accelerate the construction of the foundation of a building of this type. The nature of the present invention also reduces the labor costs required for the construction of the foundation. It is easy to understand that if the length of the foundation elements is about 12 m, then for the construction of several hundred meters of the finished foundation in a day, only a few skilled workers are enough. Another advantage is the configuration of the foundation elements, which can be combined in many ways to create a wide range of layouts of foundations using a set of foundation elements that can be delivered to the place of work for quick assembly.

The present invention is applicable, in particular, in the construction of foundations for large-span industrial buildings and other buildings of a similar type, although the same elements and methods can be used for any other buildings using strip foundations of a similar type.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a standard building on a strip foundation with a longitudinal groove of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the finished foundation with an indication of the foundation element connected to the strip foundation as an integral part thereof;

FIG. 3 - general view of the foundation element;

FIG. 4 is a general view of the site of the construction site where the foundation is being constructed, illustrating the construction process. In the drawing, the foundation element, still suspended on the boom of the crane and support

- 2 009928 installed by devices for fixing and leveling, placed in a trench before leveling, and concrete is poured to form a slab of a strip foundation;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional drawing illustrating a stage of the construction process when the foundation element temporarily suspended above the trench is supported by a horizontal rod and two vertical rods before hanging on the beam of the specified device;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional drawing illustrating a stage of a construction process when a foundation element temporarily suspended above a trench is suspended from a pre-aligned beam of said fixture in anticipation of concreting the strip foundation;

FIG. 7 is a General view of the device for fixing and aligning with an indication of its components.

Description of a preferred embodiment of the invention

In FIG. 1 shows a standard construction assembled from load-bearing wall panels on a strip foundation with a longitudinal groove in accordance with the present invention. Generally speaking, such foundations, which serve as a support and support for this particular type of structure, have continuous longitudinal grooves along the entire length of the strip foundation 4. The vertical load-bearing panels 1 on which the roof structure rests (as well as, possibly, one or more intermediate floors) represent it is actually thin-walled wide columns on a cantilever base, covering the inside of the building; the lower ends of these columns are firmly fixed in the element 3 of the foundation 4, and the structural elements of the floors can freely rest on the upper ends.

Elements 3 of the foundation 4, as shown in FIG. 2, replacing a longitudinal groove traditionally cast in place, which in the case of construction by traditional methods would be the most time-consuming part in the process of building the foundation, delivered to the construction site and quickly installed in the prepared trenches, as shown in FIG. 4, 5 and 6. As a first step below the freezing line, a trench 8 of a predetermined width and depth is dug out along the perimeter marking of the building in accordance with the state of the local soil and the conditions of the construction site. Wide and shallow trenches are excavated using a suitable excavator. In FIG. 2 shows a cross section of a trench. In very viscous soils, the preferred shape of the trench should be as shown by the dashed line. The lower the viscosity of the soil, the more inclined the walls of the trench should be to prevent them from shedding. In most cases, with the exception of very loose soil, it is possible to achieve dense soil walls near the bottom of the trench, where the concrete of the strip foundation is poured, so that no additional transverse shapes are required, as can be clearly seen in FIG. 2. As soon as the trench is dug up, the process of building the foundation, with the appropriate equipment and skilled labor, progresses quickly and continuously with a small number of workers.

As shown in FIG. 4, the crane 10 of the corresponding carrying capacity moves along the trench; elements 3 are continuously fed to the crane, delivered by truck 11 to the construction site. A small group of workers is located near the trench, accompanying the crane, and they fasten devices 5 for fixing and leveling to the elements of the foundation. Thus, the foundation element 4, still suspended on the slings of the crane, supported by two devices 5, can thus be mounted on these devices above the trench, where the crane places it with the help of the same group of workers. After the element 3 is placed in this way, the slings of the crane are uncoupled, and the crane lifts the next element, continuing to work. The element 3 of the foundation 4, already placed in the trench in the manner described above, is then leveled by another group of workers using devices for fixing and leveling. Then, the concrete mixer pours concrete into the trench under the suspended elements 3 of the foundation 4, which, as shown in FIG. 4, form the base of the strip foundations 4, which is firmly connected due to the protruding reinforcement 3.3 of the element 3 of the foundation 4, as shown in FIG. 2 and 3. Briefly described above, the process continues further along the trench; at the same time, for every twenty meters of the length of the finished foundation (20 m is the length of the precast element) it takes no more than 15 minutes The procedure thus organized, in the presence of skilled workers, in the absence of interference, is carried out uniformly at a speed of about 1 m / s, which is 60 m / h.

The further procedure will be described in more detail with the necessary details. The fixation and alignment device 5 shown in FIG. 7, consists of a main beam 5.1, the length of which is slightly larger than the width of the trench, with retractable end elements 5.2, supported by supports 6.5, resting on a pair of adjustable supports 6 located on both sides of the trench, as shown in FIG. 6. Beams 5.1, which can easily be transported by two people, are thrown through the trench, holding the suspended element 3 of the foundation 4 in the trench 8 above its bottom. Both supports 6 are equipped with hydraulic lifts 6.1, used to move up and down in the vertical plane and located inside the steel casing 6.2 with an expanded base 6.3, which can move in two mutually perpendicular directions in the horizontal plane. The expanded base 6.3 of the casing is supported by a support plate 6.4 with a set of rollers whose movement is limited within the area of the support plate (not shown in the drawings, since this is only of secondary importance for the present invention).

- 3 009928

Foundation element 3 is horizontally suspended on two rods 7 of rectangular cross-section, passed through rectangular holes 3.2 in both thin walls from this element 3. Rectangular holes 3.2 are used instead of round ones to prevent the rod from rotating around its axes, which allows them to take a vertical position after attaching to prefabricated element 3.

The rod 7 is suspended on two rods 5.3, passed vertically through the main beam 5.1 symmetrically relative to its mid-span. The length of both rods 5.3 can be adjusted in order to achieve the required position of the element 3 of the foundation 4 in height above the bottom of the trench. The selected length of the segment of both vertical rods 5.3 between the upper part of the beam 5.1 and the required height of the horizontal rod 7 is fixed by two nuts 5.4. Being so fastened at a certain height with nuts 5.4 simultaneously on both devices, the foundation element hangs without tilting in the transverse direction and is ready for alignment.

For lifting work and alignment, the walls of each prefabricated element 3 have two pairs of holes located about a quarter of its length from the ends, in particular, a pair of internal 3.1 and a pair of rectangular outer 3.2 holes, as shown in FIG. 3. The inner pair of holes 3.1 is used to fasten the foundation element to the crane slings. During the procedure shown in FIG. 4, element 3 of the foundation 4, fixed with hooks in the internal holes 3.1, rises from the truck with a crane that turns to the trench and continues to hold the element 3 suspended on the slings above the trench until the workers pass rod 7 through both end holes 5.5 of two vertical rods 5.3 and holes 3.2 in both walls of element 3. After both vertical rods 5.3 have a vertical position (due to the fact that the rod of rectangular cross section prevents their rotation, as indicated above), the crane gradually continuously lowers foundation element 3 to 4 into the trench until workers can not reach hands to the upper parts of the vertical rods. Then, the beam 5.1 is attached to both vertical rods 5.3 with the help of nuts 5.4 and laid on the supports 6. Now the element 3 of the foundation 4, suspended on two devices supported on both sides of the trench, can be released from the crane slings. To provide access to the devices used board 15, thrown through a trench.

Precise alignment is carried out after the elements 3 of the foundation 4 are temporarily and rather roughly installed. Before alignment, the exact position of the currently installed element 3 is achieved by its simultaneous movement on all four supports 6 along its longitudinal axis or perpendicular to it. As indicated above, each support allows this movement to occur due to the sliding of the base of the housing 6.3 along the base plate 6.4.

Alignment in order to achieve a zero inclination of the element 3 of the foundation 4 in the longitudinal direction is carried out on the supports 6 using a pair of hydraulic lifts 6.1. Acting simultaneously, the indicated pair of lifts 6.1 at each of the ends of the element 3 can raise or lower it in a vertical plane. If the prefabricated element is inclined in the transverse plane, a slight correction is carried out with one click on one side of the rod 7. The multiple elements 3 of the foundation 4 located in this way, suspended on the rods 7, form a precisely positioned longitudinal groove of the entire foundation. The position of the elements 3 can be adjusted again and again until the desired accuracy is achieved. The specified accuracy of the location of the longitudinal grooves is important at a later stage of wall construction, when the panels are mounted and aligned in a vertical position.

Finally, after the longitudinal groove suspended above the trench is perfectly aligned, it is poured with fresh concrete mixture for fixing in the ground; fixing is carried out by a group of workers who, following the leveling group, complete the work by treating concrete with a template or a vibratory beam. An in situ concrete foundation 4 fills the gap between the elements 3 of the foundation 4, suspended and securely fixed at a certain distance from the bottom of the trench, and the bottom of the trench 8. After the concrete of the strip foundation 4 has hardened, the devices 5 for fixing and leveling the foundation elements are removed.

Claims (3)

CLAIM 1. A method of constructing a strip footing with a longitudinal groove designed to install bearing wall panels, characterized in that said longitudinal groove is formed from a plurality of foundation elements (3) (4) having longitudinal grooves and a reinforcement (3.3) protruding from their base, each of which is temporarily suspended above the trench (8) around the perimeter of the building marking on two devices (5) for fixing and leveling the foundation element, the arrangement of these elements (3) is adjusted and finally leveled with the MC adaptive devices so that the grooves of these elements form a longitudinal groove of the foundation (4); and then the gap between the elements (3) thus assembled and the bottom of the trench (8) and the reinforcement located in this gap (3.3) of the element (3) is poured with freshly prepared concrete mix to form a strip foundation (4). 2. The element of the foundation, constituting the main part of the strip foundation with a longitudinal frame. - 4 009928 navkah, characterized by the fact that it has a longitudinal groove located between its side walls and base, transversely located in the end parts of its walls two pairs of internal holes (3.1) and two pairs of external rectangular holes (3.2), which serve respectively for detaching from the crane sling and attachment to devices (5) for fixing and leveling the foundation element, and reinforcement (3.3), protruding from the base of the element (3) of the foundation (4). 3. A device for fixing and leveling the foundation element, characterized in that it includes a beam (5.1) placed above the trench (8) with retractable end elements (5.2) and two rods (5.3) vertically installed in the holes of the beam (5.1) symmetrically with respect to the middle of its span, two adjustable supports (6), which contain hydraulic lifts (6.1) with supports (6.5) to accommodate the end elements (5.2) of the beam (5.1) and with an extended base (6.3) mounted on the support plate (6.4) with possibility of moving to horiz an axial plane in two perpendicular directions, and two rectangular rods (7) intended to be installed in the external openings (3.2) of the element (3) of the foundation (4), while the lower ends of both rods (5.3) have rectangular openings (5.5) for placement the ends of the rods (7) are in them, and the upper threads with nuts (5.4) for adjusting the position of the ends of the rods (7) in height, thereby ensuring and by adjusting the position of the supports (6) of the desired location of the element (3) of the foundation.