RU2571770C2 - Tiered method of erection of underground facilities - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: drillstrings are arranged with appropriately directed devices, then surface erection and submersion of the entire massif of the facility is carried out in tiers along drillstrings as along guides. The first tier of the facility comprises a technical floor and one or more above floors, and subsequent tiers consist of one or more floors. Submersion of the facility is carried out as soil is excavated in the technical floor together with barrier walls, crossbars, slabs, and extraction of soil, supply of materials and equipment is carried out via technological openings in facility slabs.

EFFECT: reduced labour intensiveness and material intensity, reduction of time for erection of an underground facility, provides for higher stability of a facility during submersion and higher accuracy of facility submersion.

3 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction of underground structures and buried parts of buildings in various engineering and geological conditions in dense urban areas in megacities.

Dense urban development, lack of land - these problems are solved by building underground structures, which in turn requires new engineering solutions.

A known method of building multi-story underground structures in complex engineering and geological conditions (RF patent No. 2417285, IPC E02D 29/045 (2006.01), published 04/27/2011).

A sign coinciding with the essential feature of the proposed method is the extraction of soil from under the ceiling.

One of the disadvantages of the method is significant material consumption, since it requires the installation of a system of temporary horizontal longitudinal and transverse beams, which are mounted at the level of overlap. In addition, the known method is more time-consuming, as it involves the installation of these beams.

A known method of construction of an underground structure (patent application RU No. 20111149719/02, IPC E21D 13/00 (2006.01), publication date of the application 06/20/2013, PCT publication WO 2010/127751 20101111).

A sign coinciding with the essential feature of the proposed method is the extraction of soil from under the ceiling.

The distinguished method of erecting an underground structure from this analogue (Publication number 2011149719) is as follows.

1. In the inventive method, underground structures are considered, the overall schemes of which have dimensions in the plan from 30 × 30 m to 80 × 80 m, and possibly more with the appropriate feasibility study.

2. The structural design of a building or structure may be cross-wall or mixed type; the shaft shaft device is not provided for in the claimed method.

3. In the inventive method, the ground construction of the structure is tiered or floor and immersion in the ground is tiered or floor, and in the analog, compartments.

4. The inventive method provides for the overhead creation of an entire array of structures, the first tier of which includes a "technical floor" with a height of about 5-7 m from the conditions of optimal operation of equipment and various mechanisms and 3-4 floors directly of the building itself. One tier corresponds to 3-4 floors of the structure. In an analogue, the dimensions of the compartments are much smaller.

5. In the ceiling there are technological openings for the extraction of soil, the supply of materials and equipment.

6. Immersion takes place in an entire array of a building or structure.

The disadvantage of this method is that this method is time-consuming, since it requires the installation of a large number of mounting elements.

A known method of construction of a buried structure (RF patent No. 2244527, IPC E02D 29/045, published January 27, 2005).

A sign that coincides with the essential feature of the proposed method is the presence of enclosing walls.

One of the disadvantages of the method is significant material consumption, since it requires the installation of a second enclosing wall in the form of a sheet pile fence.

A known method of erecting a multi-story underground structure (options) (RF patent No. 2220258, IPC E02D 29/00, published December 27, 2003), described in paragraph 1 of the claims.

A sign of an analogue method according to claim 1, which coincides with an essential sign of the proposed method, is the development of soil from under the ceiling.

One of the disadvantages of the method is the increased material consumption, since the contour walls have an increased thickness for the perception of bending moments and the load-bearing overlap system has enlarged sections of structures.

For the prototype of the proposed method adopted the method of construction of underground structures and underground structures of buildings (RF patent No. 2491387, IPC E02D 29/00 (2006.01), published on 08.27.2013).

A sign that coincides with the essential feature of the proposed method is the development of soil in the cavity of the structure.

One of the disadvantages of the method is the complication of the technology of the lower well, the complication of geotechnical monitoring of the immersion of the structure due to the tension of the anchor rods.

The invention is aimed at creating the optimal structural and technological solutions for the rational construction of underground structures.

The technical result of the proposed method is to reduce the complexity and material consumption, as well as to reduce the time for the construction of an underground structure. In addition, greater stability of the structure during immersion and higher accuracy of immersion of the structure are achieved.

The technical result of the proposed method is achieved by the fact that in the tiered method of erecting underground structures, including the development of soil in the technical floor of the structure, according to the invention, drill columns are arranged reinforced with appropriately directional devices, allowing during construction to move the structure of the structure down the drill columns as along the guides, the elevated construction and immersion of the whole array of the structure is tiered, and the first tier of the structure contains a technical floor and one or more overlying floors, and subsequent tiers consist of one or several floors, while the structures are immersed in drill columns, as on guides, together with enclosing walls, crossbars, ceilings and columns as the soil is developed in the technical floor, and soil is removed , the supply of materials and equipment is carried out through technological openings in the ceilings of the structure.

The technical result of this invention is also achieved by the fact that a cross-wall or mixed type is used as a structural design of the structure, and the frame structure is made of precast or monolithic reinforced concrete.

The technical result of the present invention is also achieved by the fact that, as appropriately directed devices, channels, I-beams, twin corners or sheet steel structures are used.

The device of drill strings reinforced with appropriately directional devices, allowing during construction to move the structure of the structure down the drill strings as guides, provides greater stability of the structure when immersed and minimizes the roll of the building.

The elevated erection and immersion of the whole array of structures in tiers allows to reduce the frequency of change of equipment and tools for workers, which increases productivity and reduces the time for the construction of an underground structure.

The immersion of the structure as the soil is developed in the technical floor, together with the enclosing walls, girders, ceilings and columns, allows you to distribute the forces arising from immersion evenly across the structure frame, which makes it possible to reduce the cross-section of the structures of the underground structure, thereby reducing material consumption.

Immersion of the structure along the drill string, as along the guides, allows you to perform work on the immersion of the structure with great accuracy.

The supply of materials and equipment through technological openings in the floors of the structure allows to reduce the time for the supply of materials and equipment to the place of work, therefore, the time for the construction of an underground structure is reduced.

The use of a cross-wall or mixed type structure as a structural scheme, and the construction of a frame made of precast or monolithic reinforced concrete, allows to take into account the effect of the distribution of efforts on the frame arising from immersion, which makes it possible to reduce the cross-section of the structures of the underground structure, thereby reducing material consumption.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings:

in FIG. 1 - a node for interfacing a pile-column with monolithic walls, a pile-column with correspondingly directed channels;

in FIG. 2 - stage 1, the device of the drill string using casing;

in FIG. 3 - stage 2, installation of drill string frames with appropriately directed channels and subsequent concreting of the well;

in FIG. 4 - stage 3, the construction of the first tier: technical floor and 3-4 ground floors;

in FIG. 5 - stage 4, immersion of the first tier: technical floor and 3-4 ground floors, soil development;

in FIG. 6 - stage 5, the construction of the second tier: 3-4 ground floors;

in FIG. 7 - stage 6, immersion of the second tier: 3-4 ground floors, excavation;

in FIG. 8 - step 7, the construction of the foundation slab.

In FIG. 1-8 units of equipment are indicated by the following digital symbols:

1 - Drilling rig for the device of the drill string

2 - Assembly truck crane with lifting capacity 25 t

3 - Concrete mixer truck

4 - Concrete pump

5 - Excavator

6 - Bulldozer

7 - Excavator with clamshell equipment

8 - Dump Truck

Consider the technology of erecting underground structures and buried parts of buildings by the tiered method in stages.

The method is as follows:

1. Initially, drill piles are arranged, reinforced with appropriately directed channels, in places where the presence of columns is assumed. Piles-columns perform the role of columns to the level of the foundation slab, after the mark they play the role of piles. The adjacency of the wall to the channel "articulated-sliding" (see Fig. 1).

2. An overhead construction of the first tier of the structure is carried out: a technical floor about 5-7 m high from the condition of optimal operation of the equipment and one or more overlying floors, the recommended heights of which are 3-5 m, possibly more with appropriate justification. The storey of the tier is taken based on the conditions of uniform immersion and less arising internal forces in the frame structures.

3. As the soil is being developed on the technical floor, the whole array of the structure, the first tier, along with the enclosing walls, crossbars, ceilings and columns, is drilled along the drill columns as along the guides.

4. Aerial construction of the second tier of the structure is carried out: one or more overlying floors.

5. As the soil is being developed on the technical floor, the whole array of the structure, the second tier, along with the enclosing walls, crossbars, ceilings and columns, is drilled along the drill columns as along the guides.

6. This cycle for the construction and immersion of tiers is repeated until the design mark is reached. Upon reaching the required mark, a foundation plate is arranged. The pairing of the pile-column with the overlap in the design position is rigid.

7. We consider underground structures, the dimensional schemes of which have dimensions in the plan from 30 × 30 to 80 × 80 m, possibly more with an appropriate feasibility study. The shape in the plan can be square, round or curved. Recommended floor heights of 3-5 m, possibly more with appropriate justification.

где 1 - шаг колонн или длина ригеля. Ширину ригеля принимают равной габариту колонны. Высоту сечения колонны $$(\raisebox{1ex}{$1$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$10$}\right.-\raisebox{1ex}{$1$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$15$}\right.)\mathrm{1,}$$

где 1 - шаг колонн. Толщина контурных стен принимается 300-400 мм, внутренних 200 мм. Габариты конструкций: размеры ригелей, шаг и размеры колонн, толщину плит перекрытий назначают в зависимости от расчета по 1 и 2 группе предельных состояний. Армирование принимается исходя из прочностного и конструктивного анализа. Конструкции каркаса возможны как из сборного, так и из монолитного железобетона.8. The structural design of a building or structure may be frame, cross-wall or mixed type. Preliminarily, the dimensions of the structures are as follows: the height of the crossbar is taken $$(\raisebox{1ex}{$\mathrm{one}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$8$}\right.-\raisebox{1ex}{$\mathrm{one}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$12$}\right.)\mathrm{one,}$$

where 1 is the step of the columns or the length of the crossbar. The width of the crossbar is taken equal to the size of the column. Column height $$(\raisebox{1ex}{$\mathrm{one}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$10$}\right.-\raisebox{1ex}{$\mathrm{one}$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$\mathrm{fifteen}$}\right.)\mathrm{one,}$$

where 1 is the column pitch. The thickness of the contour walls is taken 300-400 mm, internal 200 mm. Dimensions of structures: crossbar dimensions, pitch and dimensions of columns, thickness of floor slabs are assigned depending on the calculation for groups 1 and 2 of the limiting states. Reinforcement is taken on the basis of strength and structural analysis. Frame designs are possible both from precast and from reinforced concrete.

9. Technological openings are arranged in the ceilings of the structure for the extraction of soil, the delivery of equipment and materials.

Claims (3)

1. A tiered method of constructing an underground structure, including excavation of the soil in the technical floor of the structure, characterized in that drill columns are arranged that are reinforced with appropriately directional devices that allow the frame of the structure to move down the drill columns as guides during the work, carry out elevated construction and immersion of the whole the array of the structure is tiered, with the first tier of the structure containing a technical floor and one or more overlying floors, and subsequent tiers They are constructed from one or several floors, and the structures are immersed along drillstring as guides, together with enclosing walls, crossbars, ceilings and columns as the soil is developed on the technical floor, and soil is extracted, materials and equipment are fed through technological openings in floors of the structure. 2. The tiered method according to claim 1, characterized in that a cross-wall or mixed type is used as a structural design of the structure, and the frame structure is made of precast or monolithic reinforced concrete. 3. The tiered method according to claim 1, characterized in that the channels, I-beams, twin corners or sheet steel structures are used as appropriately directed devices.

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