EA005898B1 - Mobile ground two coordinate radar station of circular scan in meter band - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention pertains to radar systems and can be used for the detection and position measurement of airborne targets and target designation in terms of range and azimuth. The proposed invention expands the arsenal of the metric-waveband (VHF) 2-D surveillance radars and permits of the consumer interest in these radars to be raised, which is achieved through an integrated approach to implementation of functional and structural components, namely a frequency agile transmitter-receiver subsystem comprising a solid-state transmitter (1), waveform shapers (2) and (3), and a primary-channel receiver (4); a primary radar antenna (5) with an orientation sensor; a noise jamming cancellation subsystem including a jamming cancellation antenna (6), a cancellation channel receiver (7), and a jamming canceller (8); a primary signal processing subsystem consisting of a far-zone signal detector (9) and a near-zone signal detector (10), a switching multiplexer (11), a primary antenna sidelobe blanker (12), a jammer direction-finder (14), and a coordinate measuring unit (13); a secondary processing and interface subsystem (16); and an operator position comprising display, control and test facilities (15) with the necessary interconnections. The radar equipment is accommodated in the cabin of a vehicle, which is divided by a noise-absorbing wall with a door into a crew compartment containing the operator position with display, control and test facilities (15) and the secondary processing and interface subsystem (16), and an equipment room containing an equipment cabinet with the transmitter-receiver subsystem (1-4), the primary processing subsystem (9-14), the cancellation channel receiver (7), and the jamming canceller (8); a cooler-based combined extract-and-input system mounted under the cabin provides cooling for the equipment inside the cabinet and air conditioning for the crew compartment. The solid-state transmitter (1) of the transmitter-receiver subsystem contains a large number (over ten) of sealed power-amplifier modules, whose outputs are summed up. The jamming cancellation antenna is a stationary structure and comprises four radiators mounted in pairs at right angle in the horizontal plane on two masts positioned on the opposite sides of the primary radar antenna so that the angle between any two radiators in the horizontal plane is 90 degree.

Description

The invention relates to radar and can be used to detect air targets, measuring their coordinates and issuing target designation in range and azimuth, both during autonomous operation and during operation as part of automated control systems.

Traditionally, problems solved when creating a radar station (RLS), isolated because of the grouping of diverse functional, structural and other technical means involved to improve the technical, operational or structural parameters of the radar. However, the market, in addition to the preferred orientation to high individual radar indicators, dictates the requirements for consumer qualities of equipment arising from the optimization of the combination of technical, operational and cost characteristics that determine the increased demand for a particular model within the same radar version.

Thus, there is a problem of interrelation of functional, constructive, resource and other improvement of the radar, determined by the market order, and the radar appears as a single complex of electronic, constructive, material and technical and other means, allowing in one way or another to provide the output parameters of the radar in the best operational and cost conditions.

Known radar, representing the functional and structural systems similar to the claimed purpose [1,2]. Radar [1] contains an antenna and transceiver placed in the cockpit on electrovacuum devices, a radar protection device against passive and non-synchronous impulse noise and other necessary systems that ensure radar operation. The disadvantage of this radar is the low accuracy of the measurement of coordinates, the long turn-on time and switching to another frequency, exposure to active interference, low reliability and generally low consumer level of solving the radar task.

Radar [2], in addition to the above devices, contains devices for compensating active noise interference (HVAC) and an interfering bearing, however, it does not have a sufficiently high coordinate measurement accuracy and performance characteristics that do not correspond to demand.

These analogues are the closest in technical essence to the claimed radar, but represent the generation of vacuum radar. Information about the implementation of a mobile ground-based two-coordinate radar of the circular review of the meter wave range with a solid-state mono-transmitter located in the vehicle cabin has not been identified by the applicant, i.e. there is no prototype of the proposed solution. In this regard, the invention is made without separation into restrictive and distinctive parts.

The present invention expands the arsenal of two-coordinate circular radar of the meter wavelength range and improves the consumer radar level with the optimal combination of achieved technical, operational and cost characteristics, which is ensured by using an interconnected complex of functional and constructive technical means in the radar, which includes a transceiver device tunable in the frequency band, main antenna, active noise compensation device, first device radar signal processing, a device for secondary processing of radar information and interfacing, as well as a display, control and monitoring device with appropriate connections, while the vehicle’s cab is used to accommodate the radar equipment, separated by a noise-absorbing wall with a door into an inhabited compartment with an operator’s workplace and hardware compartment with a hardware cabinet, structurally connected with the equipment equipped with a refrigeration unit It is laid under the cabin bottom and provides cooling of the equipment cabinet and ventilation of the habitable cabin compartment.

To clarify the operation of the present invention, a block diagram of the radar (Fig. 1) and the calculated radiation pattern (DN) of the main and compensation antennas in the azimuth plane (Fig. 2) are shown.

FIG. 1 marked

1-4 - transceiver device, where

- solid-state transponder (TMP),

- shaper linear frequency modulated probing signal (chirp),

- shaper of a phase-manipulated probing signal (FM),

- receiver of the main channel (PRO);

- the main antenna with its angle of rotation sensor (AO);

6-8 - device to compensate for noise active interference (SHAP), where

- compensation antenna (AK),

- receiver channel compensation (GTRK),

- autocompensator SHAP (AK SHAP);

9-14 - device for primary processing of radar signals, where

- block detection signal far zone (DSD),

- block detection signal near zone (RSD),

- signal switch (CS),

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- block suppression of signals received by the side lobes of the main antenna (PBL),

- coordinate measurement unit (IR),

- bearing unit for active jammers (DAD),

- display device, control and monitoring (OUK);

- a device for secondary processing of radar information and interfacing (BOC). The arrows show the connections between the blocks and devices.

FIG. 2 shows the radiation patterns 17 of the main antenna 5 and the individual emitters 18, 19, 20 of the compensation antenna 6; the solid, bold line shows the combined DN of the compensation antenna 6.

As can be seen from the structural scheme, the radar contains a transceiver device consisting of a solid-state mono transmitter 1, two drivers 2, 3 probing signals and a receiver of the main channel 4, the main antenna 5 with its angle of rotation sensor, a device for compensating noise active interference, including a compensation antenna 6, a receiver of the compensation channel 7 and the ShAP 8 autocompensator, a device for the primary processing of radar signals, consisting of two signal detection units — far 9 and near 10 zones, a switch 11, b locks of suppression of signals received along side lobes of the main antenna 12 pattern, bearing of active jammers 14 and coordinate measurement unit 13, device for secondary processing of radar information and interface 16, display, control and monitoring device 15, with the outputs of two formers 2.3 probing signals are connected to the first and second inputs of a solid-state mono transmitter 1, the output of which is connected to the input of the main antenna 5, the first output of which is connected to the input of the receiving device channel 4, the output of which is connected to the input of the bearing unit of the active jammers 14 and to the first input of the automatic compensator SHAP 8, the second, third and fourth inputs of which are connected to the three outputs of the compensation channel receiver 7, the four inputs of which are connected to the four outputs of the compensation antenna 6, and the fifth of its input is connected to the second output of the main antenna 5, the output of the automatic compensator SHAP 8 through parallel connected signal detection units of the far 9 and near 10 zones is connected, respectively, with the first and second inputs Dami switch signals 11, the output of which is connected to the input of the block suppression of signals received by the side lobes of the radiation pattern of the main antenna 12, the output of which is connected to the first inputs of the coordinate measurement unit 13 and the display, control and monitoring device 15, the second and third inputs of which are connected, respectively, with the first output of the coordinate measurement unit 13 and the second output of the bearing unit of the active jammers 14, the first output of which is connected to the second input of the coordinate measurement unit 13, the second output otorrhea connected to the input devices of the secondary radar information processing and interface 16 output-input connected to the input-output of display device 15, control and monitoring.

To accommodate radar equipment, a vehicle cabin is used, separated by a noise-absorbing wall with a door to an inhabited compartment with an operator’s workplace containing a display, control and monitoring device and a secondary processing device for radar information and interfacing, and a hardware compartment with a hardware cabinet containing a transceiver device primary processing of radar signals, a compensation channel receiver and an autocompensator for noise active interference and constructively interface nnym equipped with a refrigeration unit equipment supply and exhaust of cooling air located below the bottom of the cab and provides cooling and ventilation equipment enclosure inhabited cabin compartment.

Solid-state mono transmitter 1 contains a large number (tens or more) of power amplifiers, the outputs of which are summed; This can significantly improve the reliability of the solid-state mono-transmitter and the entire radar as a whole, since when one or several power amplifiers fail, the average output power P _{cf of the} solid-state mono transmitter decreases slightly, and the radar detection range remains almost unchanged, since it is proportional to the fourth-degree root of P _Wed Power amplifiers are made in the form of hermetic modules using thin-film technology on microstrip lines.

The main antenna 5 is an antenna array consisting of 16 emitters located in two floors with 8 emitters per floor, and mounted on a mast device placed on a vehicle platform. The main antenna 5 operates in a circular mode and contains a sensor for its angle of rotation.

The compensation antenna 6 is stationary and contains four emitters arranged in pairs at an angle of 90 ° in the horizontal plane on two masts installed on opposite sides of the main antenna so that the angle between all four emitters in the horizontal plane is 90 °.

Radar works as follows.

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In order to ensure the required values of distance resolution and the probability of detecting a target against a background of local objects, space is probed by two pulse sequences: the main pulse duration of which is chosen from the condition of providing the required radar energy potential, and an additional short pulse sequence, having a lower average power, intended for the detection of radar targets located in the near zone at distances corresponding to the duration of the probe pulse of the main sequence. Both pulse sequences have the same average repetition rate, but are offset in time.

As the main sequence of pulses, linear-frequency-modulated (LFM) signals are used, and as an additional signal, phase-shift keyed (FM) signals according to the Barker law [3] are used. These signals, generated by blocks 2 and 3, respectively, are amplified at a high frequency by a solid-state mono transmitter 1 and, via an antenna switch (not shown in FIG. 1), are radiated by the main antenna 5 into space. The echo signals, reflected from the target, received by the main antenna 5, through the antenna switch come to the receiver of the main channel 4, where they are selected by frequency, amplified and converted into a digital code. From the output of the receiver of the main channel 4, the signals are fed to the input 1 of the three-channel autocompensator SHAP 8, and to the inputs 2, 3, 4 - signals from the receiver of the compensation channel 7, to which four signals of the stationary compensation antenna 6 are received.

When the main antenna 5 rotates every 90 °, the signal of its angle of rotation sensor in the receiver of the compensation channel 7 selects three of the four signals of the compensation antenna emitters 6, whose radiation patterns at the moment overlap the front hemisphere of the main antenna 5.

Thus, by switching the signals of the emitters, the combined DN of the compensation antenna 6 "rotates" in the horizontal plane discretely, synchronously with the rotation of the main antenna 5, providing reception of signals coming from any azimuthal direction from 0 to 360 °.

When three compensation channels work together, the AFC 8 autocompensator provides suppression of the ACS acting on the side lobes of the main antenna antenna 5 from one, two, or three directions [4].

From the output of the autocompensator SHAP 8, the signal enters the inputs of the blocks for detecting signals from far 9 and near 10 zones of the device for primary processing of radar signals [5].

In block OSD 9, the detection and suppression of asynchronous impulse noise, the duration of which is much less than the duration of the probing signal, the detection of echo signals against the background noise of the receiving path, the stabilization of false alarms, optimal intraperiod processing (compression) of the chirp echoes, as well as optimal inter-period processing azimuthal packet of echo signals using a coherent drive that provides minimal losses in relation to the signal-to-noise ratio and allows detecting the echo signal under the impact of the dipole noise.

The OSB 10 unit provides radar protection from passive interference in the “local objects” area, optimal intraperiod signal processing (compression) with an FM signal filter, non-coherent accumulation of the azimuth packet, stabilization of false alarms [6], protection against asynchronous pulse interference.

In the switch signals 11, the information is combined from the signal detection units of the two zones. The signal switch 11 is controlled by a circular gate (gate “M”), the duration of which is set by the operator, based on the size of the “local objects” zone for a specific radar position.

From the output of the switch 11, the signal goes through the PBL 12, eliminating the reception of signals along the side lobes of the main antenna 5 [7], to the first inputs of the coordinate measurement unit 13 and the display, control and monitoring device 15. The second input of the coordinate measurement unit 13 receives a signal from the bearing unit of the active jammers 14. This signal is formed from the signal of the main antenna 5, which after amplification in the receiver of the main channel 4 is fed to the input of the bearing block of the active jammers 14. The bearing signal is generated at the time when the level of interference received over the main lobe of the antenna pattern of the antenna 5 exceeds the level of the bearing detection threshold [8].

From output 2 of the bearing unit for active jammers 14 to input 3 of the display, control and monitoring device 15, a signal is received that carries information about the power level of active interference, which is displayed on the display of the circular view of the display, management and control device 15 indicating the direction to the interferer and its power, which allows the operator to choose a different operating frequency of the radar, free from active interference in the right direction [9].

In the unit for measuring the coordinates 13, the azimuth and range of the target and the azimuth (bearing) of the active jammer are measured. Based on the measurement results, corresponding codograms are generated, which are transmitted to display, control and monitoring devices 15 and secondary processing of radar information and interface 16.

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The device for the secondary processing of radar information and interfacing 16 provides automatic and semi-automatic detection and tracking of trajectories of targets [5, 10] according to information from the measuring unit 13, communicating with the OUK 15 device, issuing primary and secondary radar information to consumers (sets of automation), information exchange with radio altimeter and radio interrogator.

The display, control and monitoring device 15 provides the display on the display of the circular view of the primary, secondary and service information from the PBL 12, IC 13, PAP 14 and BOC 16 units [11].

The display, control and monitoring device 15 also controls the operating modes of the radar, controls the radio altimeter and radio interrogator through the BOC 16 device, monitors the main parameters that determine the tactical and technical characteristics of the radar, including monitoring a number of parameters without disturbing the normal operation of the radar, and automated search faults [12].

From the description it can be seen that the signs characterizing the proposed radar, namely: solid-state mono transmitter of the meter wave range, features of its design, constructive realization of cooling of the equipment cabinet with mono transmitter, cabin divided into habitable and hardware compartments with sound insulation between them, design and placement features stationary compensation antenna, the presence of two probing signal formers and, accordingly, two blocks of detection of signals in the far and near zones, Considering the novelty of performance of individual devices, they allow to create a two-coordinate radar of a circular view of the meter range of waves along with the other signs and at the same time expand the arsenal of such a radar, provide the necessary technical and improve performance characteristics such as simplicity, reliability, serviceability, maintainability (including and because of the use of a solid-state transmitter instead of a tube), safety (due to the lack of high voltage) and comfortable work with relatively low cost (taking into account the entire life cycle of the radar), thereby increasing its consumer level.

In accordance with the application materials, a prototype radar was manufactured, the tests of which confirmed the possibility of achieving the specified technical result.

Thus, it can be concluded that the features given in the claims are significant, and in general the invention meets the criteria of industrial applicability and patentability.

Information sources

1. Radar 1 RL131, Technical Description, Part 1, Bitter, 1974.

2. Radar 1 L13, Technical Description, Part 1, Gorky, 1986.

3. Handbook of radar / Ed. M. Skolnik. V.3. M .: Owls. Radio, 1979.

4. Radio electronic systems. Basics of construction and theory: a Handbook / Ed. POISON. Shirman. Joint-Stock Company "MACVIS", 1998.

5. S.Z. Kuzmin. Digital radar. Kiev: KVITS, 2000.

6. Receiver. Pat VI No. 2122041, MPK C 01 8 7/36, c. No. 03126435 dated 10.23.85.

7. A device for suppressing echo signals received along side lobes of the antenna pattern. Pat VI No. 2123708, IPC C 01 8 7/36, c-ka No. 03167328 dated 04/02/87.

8. Amplitude direction finder for active jammers. Pat VI No. 2074403, Shop No. 2222204 dated 06.06.77.

9. Radar 1 L13, Technical Description, Part 2, Gorky, 1986.

10. S.Z. Kuzmin. Digital processing of radar information. M .: Owls. Radio, 1967.

11. A.V. Frolov, G.V. Frolov. Video adapter programming. M .: Dialogue-MIFI, 1995.

12. A.I. Zakryvashin Design of electronic equipment taking into account the features of operation. M .: Radio and communication, 1988.

Claims (3)

1. A mobile ground-based two-coordinate radar station (radar) of the circular survey of the meter wavelength range, which is an interconnected set of functional and constructive technical means to ensure the consumer level of the radar and includes a tunable transceiver in the frequency band consisting of a solid-state mono transmitter, two probes of the probing signals and the main channel receiver , the main antenna with a sensor for the angle of rotation, a device for the compensation of noise active interference, incl A swing compensation antenna, a compensation channel receiver and an auto-compensator, a primary radar signal processing device, consisting of two signal detection units - the far and near zones, a signal switch, a signal suppression unit received from the side lobes of the radiation pattern of the main antenna, and a direction finding unit for active jammers and coordinate measurement unit, a device for secondary processing of radar information and interfaces, a display device, control - 4 005898 monitoring and control, and the outputs of the two probes of the probing signals are connected to two inputs of the solid-state mono-transmitter, the output of which is connected to the input of the main antenna, the first output of which is connected to the input of the receiver of the main channel, the output of which is connected to the input of the bearing unit of the jammers and the first input of the auto-compensator, the second, third and fourth inputs of which are connected to the three outputs of the receiver of the compensation channel, the four inputs of which are connected to the four outputs of the compensation antenna, and its fifth input is connected to the second output of the main antenna, the output of the autocompensator through parallel connected signal detection blocks of the far and near zones is connected, respectively, to the first and second inputs of the signal switch, the output of which is connected to the input of the signal suppression unit received on the side the petals of the radiation pattern of the main antenna, the output of which is connected to the first inputs of the coordinate measurement unit and a display, control and monitoring device, the second and third inputs of which are connected respectively, with the first output of the coordinate measurement unit and the second output of the bearing block of the active interference directors, the first output of which is connected to the second input of the coordinate measurement unit, the second output of which is connected to the input of the secondary radar information and pairing device, the output-input of which is connected to the input to the output of the display, control and monitoring device, while the vehicle’s cabin is used to place the radar equipment, divided by a sound-absorbing wall with a door on beatable compartment with an operator’s workstation containing a display, control and control device and a secondary processing device for radar information and pairing, and a hardware compartment with a hardware cabinet containing a transceiver device, a primary processing device for radar signals, a compensation channel receiver and auto-noise compensation, and structurally associated with the refrigeration unit equipped with supply and exhaust air cooling, located under the bottom cabs and providing cooling of the cabinet equipment and ventilation of the habitable compartment of the cab. 2. The radar according to claim 1, in which the solid-state mono-transmitter contains a large number of tens or more power amplifiers, the outputs of which are summed, while the power amplifiers are made in the form of sealed modules using thin-film technology on microstrip lines. 3. The radar according to claim 1, in which the compensation antenna is stationary and contains four emitters located in pairs at an angle of 90 ° in the horizontal plane on two masts mounted on opposite sides of the main antenna so that the angle between all four emitters in the horizontal plane is 90 °.