RU2594285C2 - Mobile triaxial radar - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radar technology and can be used in the construction of the rotating multi-function radar early warning purposes with electronic beam scanning for a review of airspace and at the same time precise tracking of targets. This result is achieved due to the fact that the mobile three-coordinate radar includes a radar channel rangefinder in the meter band as part of the antenna receiving and transmitting devices and primary processing, as well as an antenna ground radio interrogator (GRI), the antenna device orientation and topographic location, the display device, the control and control and communication device with the consumer, which range finder with GRI antennas and device orientation and topographic location is included in the antenna-hardware complex, located on the first vehicle and includes an antenna-mast unit (AMU), located on the rotating part of the slewing device (SD) of the vehicle, the hydraulic system of coagulation Deployment AMU and a hardware container (HC), a radar channel altimeter UHF as a part of the antenna receiving and transmitting devices and primary processing, the control, monitoring and transmission of radar information, the device secondary processing and cabin control placed on the second vehicle, wherein AA is as AMU, a rotating GTC part of the first vehicle.

EFFECT: achieved technical result - improvement of technical and operational characteristics of the radar.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to radar technology and can be used in the construction of rotating multifunctional radar stations (radar) for the early detection of targets with electronic beam scanning to view airspace and at the same time accurately track targets.

A class of electronically scanned rotating radar systems has appeared to provide a single radar function for continuous viewing of space, target detection and the function of simultaneous accurate tracking of targets (D.A. Atington, P.J. Carilas, J.D. Wright "Multifunctional rotating radars with electronic scanning for the review of airspace ”, TIIER, Volume 73, No. 2, February, 1985, M., Mir.

Prospective radars should have high characteristics for the effective solution of the tasks of reconnaissance of the air situation and control of airspace when working with advanced means of aerospace attack (ICOS) and are necessary for quick and accurate assessment of the changing air situation and accurate tracking of targets.

These requirements are largely contradictory (for example, long detection ranges and the exact tracking of modern and promising ICMS with high radar mobility). The resolution of this contradiction may consist in combining in a single complex of radar means of a different wavelength range.

So, for example, meter radars have significant detection ranges for all types of air targets, including small and inconspicuous ones (made using the Stealth technology), regardless of weather conditions, but they are characterized by low resolution and insufficient accuracy of measuring the angular coordinates of targets (especially by corner of the place), which does not allow for accurate tracking of targets.

Radars operating in the shorter wavelength range, for example, in the decimeter wavelength range, are characterized by high-precision measurement of the angular coordinates of the targets, but they have significantly shorter detection ranges due to the smaller antenna area and smaller values of the effective scattering area (EPR) of the targets in this range, and also have a significant dependence of technical characteristics from weather conditions.

It is known to build a dual-band radar complex (RLC), in which significant detection areas of small and inconspicuous targets, including those made using the Stele technology, are realized thanks to electronic scanning and the interaction of radars of different wavelengths (RF patent No. 2346291). In this radar, a space survey is carried out by the radar of the meter wavelength range, and target tracking is assigned to the radar of the decimeter wave range when operating on target designation from the radar of the meter wavelength range.

However, this RLC contains two radar modules, a control module, ground radio interrogator and secondary radar modules, which leads to a significant increase in the number of transport units and an increase in the cost of the RLC.

Also known is a mobile radar of a circular survey of a meter range of waves of medium and high altitude standby mode with electronic scanning of the beam at an elevation angle, having significant detection zones of small and inconspicuous targets (EPO patent No. 007941), which is located on one vehicle and selected according to the technical and economic characteristics and designation as the closest analogue (prototype).

The radar prototype consists of an antenna mast device (AMU), on which the main and compensation antennas, ground-based radio interrogator (UHF) antennas and a telecode communication channel, as well as a transmitting and receiving device (including a beam-forming device), primary and secondary processing devices are located, display, management and control, orientation and topographic location, deployment and collapse.

The main antenna is made in the form of a phased antenna array (PAR) with transceiver modules (PPM), the primary and secondary processing, display, control and monitoring devices are based on a special digital computer (SCM). To place the listed components of the radar one vehicle is used, which ensures its relatively low cost.

The radar prototype measures the oblique range of the target, its azimuth (with circular rotation of the antenna) and (from 5 to 45 °) elevation due to electronic scanning of the antenna radiation pattern in the vertical plane.

The main disadvantage of the prototype is the low accuracy of measuring angular coordinates and angular resolution (in a mobile radar of the meter range it is impossible to realize an antenna with sufficient vertical and horizontal dimensions), which does not allow for accurate tracking of the target. Another drawback is its low reliability (MTBF) associated with the presence of a high-frequency current collector.

In addition, a common drawback of the specified analogue and prototype is the insecurity of the combat crew from exposure to electromagnetic radiation and destruction by high-precision weapons induced by radar radiation, because operator’s workstations (RMOs) of these radars are located on platforms with radiating antennas (either NRZ antennas or location-based antennas).

The technical result of the invention is to improve the technical and operational characteristics of the radar, such as angular accuracy and resolution, as well as the safety of combat crew and reliability with a relatively inexpensive implementation of a mobile radar.

The specified technical result was achieved due to the fact that the known radar containing the radar channel of the meter rangefinder in the composition of the antenna, the receiving and transmitting device and the primary processing device, as well as the NRZ antenna, the antenna of the orientation and topographic location device, the display, control and monitoring device and a consumer communication device in which the range finder, together with the NRZ antennas and orientation and topographic location devices, is included in the antenna-hardware complex located on the first transport and including an antenna-mast device (AMU) located on the rotating part of the vehicle’s control gear, a hydraulic folding-deployment system, with which the AMU is placed in the transport position on the vehicle’s platform, and a hardware container (AK), an altimeter radar channel is additionally introduced decimeter range in the composition of the antenna, the receiving-transmitting device and the primary processing device, the control device, monitoring and transmission of radar information, device GUSTs generalized secondary processing and control cabin, placed on the second vehicle, wherein the container is a hardware as AMU, a rotating part GTC first vehicle.

The figure shows a structural diagram of the proposed mobile three-coordinate radar, which consists of an antenna-hardware complex (AAK) 1 located on the first vehicle and including an antenna mast device (AMU) 2 and a hardware container (AK) 3, and a control cabin (KU ) 13.

AMU 2 is located on the rotating part of the rotary support device (OPU) of the vehicle and includes the antenna of the range finder channel (AD) of the 4 meter wavelength range and the ground radio interrogator (ANRZ) 7 directed in the same direction, the antenna of the multifunctional radio navigation complex (AMRK) 9, as well as the antenna channel of the altimeter (AB) 10 of the decimeter wavelength range, rotated 180 ° relative to HELL 4, and its transmitting and receiving device (PUFM) 11. All antennas are mounted on a vertical mast AMU 2.

AK 3 includes a transmitter and receiver and a primary processing device for the rangefinder channel (PPUD 5 and UPOD 6, respectively), a primary processing device for the altimeter channel (UPOV) 12, a control, monitoring and transmission of radar information (UUKPI) 8 device, and is located as and AMU 2, on the rotating part of the OPU of the first vehicle. At the same time, there is no need for a high-frequency current collector (for connecting AK 3 with AMU 2), which is one of the main sources of deterioration of the reliable operation of the radar prototype, and also increases its cost.

KU 13 is located on the second vehicle, remote from the AAK 1 at a distance of 300 m, and includes a display, control and control device (UOUK) 14, a generalized secondary processing device (UOVO) 15 and a consumer communication device (USP) 16 .

The remoteness of the control cabin, where the combat crew is located, from the radiating part of the radar and the possibility of masking it increase the protection of personnel from electromagnetic radiation and the defeat of high-precision weapons induced by radar radiation, which is an additional advantage of the proposed radar compared to the prototype.

As shown in the structural diagram of the proposed radar, the input-output HELL 4 through the first and third inputs and outputs of the control panel 5 is connected to the first input-output UPOD 6, the input-output of AB 10 through the first and third inputs and outputs of the control panel 11 is connected to the first input UPOV output 12, input УУКПИ 8 is connected to the output of АМРК 9, the output is connected to the input ППУВ 11, the inputs-outputs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 УУКПИ 8 are connected respectively to the second input-output of the ППУД 5, the second input-output UPOD 6, input-output ANRZ 7, the second input-output PPUV 11, the second input-output UPOV 12 and the first input-output UOVO 15, the second input - the output of which is connected to the input-output of the UOUK 14, and the output to the input of the USP 16, the output of which is the output of the radar.

In order to simplify, the structural diagram does not show the devices for power supply, rotation, synchronization, and the hydraulic system of coagulation and deployment of radars.

The antennas of the AD 4 rangefinder and the AB 10 altimeter are solid-state phased array antennas with electronic scanning in elevation. One of their main elements is transceiver modules (PPM), consisting of power amplifiers and low-noise amplifiers.

PPUD 5 and PUVV 11 contain diagram-forming devices that provide in their channels the necessary amplitude-phase distribution of signals during their reception and transmission, as well as electronic scanning in the elevation plane.

UPOD 6 and UPOV 12 are made on the basis of specialized digital computers (STsVM), carrying out the primary processing of the received signals, as well as the control of diagram formation.

UUKPI 8 includes equipment for determining state affiliation, which is used as a ground-based radar interrogator (NRZ), a receiver of navigation equipment MRK, with the help of which orientation and topographic and geodetic reference of the radar, control equipment, control of the radar and the transmission of radar information to UVO 15 are carried out. In it, with the help of EMW, the programmed tasks are implemented for the control of NRZ, orientation and topographic and geodetic reference of the radar, control of operating modes and automation Foot control radar apparatus (inputs-outputs of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) as well as primary radar data transmission with a range finder and altimeter 15 UOVO.

AAK 1 is unattended in the process of combat work, the personnel are located in the control cabin of KU 13, where the operator’s workplaces (RMO) are located.

UOUK 14 and UOVO 15 are located in the RMO and are based on specialized computers that programmatically implement the tasks of displaying information, controlling the operating modes of the radar and the automated control system (in UOUK 14), as well as the secondary processing of generalized information (rangefinder, NRZ and altimeter) , interfacing with USP 16, through which communication with complexes of automation equipment (KSA) and other external radar subscribers is carried out (in UOVO 15).

USP 16 includes equipment for interfacing via telecode communication channels with KSA in the form of data transmission equipment and equipment for operational-command communication.

The proposed radar operates as follows.

In the SCMS UPOD 6 and UPOV 12, at the intermediate frequency, pulses of the probing signal are generated programmatically, which are converted into “high-frequency” pulses into high-frequency pulses and fed to the inputs of the AD 4 and AB 10, respectively.

In transmitting and receiving devices ППУД 5 and ППУВ 11, at the corresponding high frequency, the PMP is phased for transmission and reception and electronically scanned by elevation using a beam-forming device, as well as the conversion of received signals from high frequency to intermediate. Then, in UPOD 6 and UPOV 12, using “their own” SCMS, an analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) of the received signals is performed, and the necessary algorithms for the primary processing of the received signals, such as phase-amplitude tuning of the receiving and transmitting paths, auto-compensation of noise active are implemented in software. interference, generation of signals of elevated receiving rays, protection against non-synchronous impulse noise, protection against passive interference, pulse compression, accumulation of an azimuthal signal packet, suppression of side lobes, meas Measurement of range, azimuth and elevation of targets, detection and direction finding of directors of active interference, and others.

The output information of UPOD 6 and UPOV 12 about the coordinates of the detected targets, information about their state affiliation, as well as information about the technical condition of the radar equipment through input-output 6 of UUKPI 8 is transmitted to input-output 1 of UOVO 15, where target paths are formed, their recognition classes, the identification of signals of nationality with the tracks. This information is transferred via external control unit 16 to external subscribers, and is also displayed on the screens of UOUK 14, which is part of the RMO, from whose remote control the radar operating modes are controlled and its technical condition is monitored.

The channels of the rangefinder and altimeter operate in a circular viewing mode with mechanical rotation of the antenna. The rangefinder channel provides long detection ranges, as well as determining the coordinates of the range and azimuth and rough measurement of the elevation angle of the targets.

The main mode of operation of the altimeter channel is target designation when it irradiates only those points of the viewing area at which the target is detected by a rangefinder with a beam in azimuth and elevation angle of about 3 ° and solves the problem of accurate measurement of coordinates (first of all, elevation angle) and tracking in the ionosphere to elevation angles of 50 °, where in the rangefinder the target wiring will be unstable.

Target designation for the tracking mode is formed in UOVO 15 based on the results of generalized secondary processing of information received from UPOD 6 and UPOV 12 of the rangefinder and altimeter channels through UUKPI 8, and issued through input-output 6 and the output of UUKPI 8 to the input of PUFU 11.

In addition, the altimeter channel can operate in regular viewing mode (a combination of regular viewing and tracking modes is possible, for example, through a review). In regular viewing mode, the altimeter channel operates as an independent decimeter-range radar and solves the tasks of both detecting and tracking targets with high-precision measurement of three coordinates, including in a limited area of small elevation angles (below the edge of the rangefinder radiation pattern). At the same time, in tracking mode, the task of measuring the coordinates of targets outside the zone of regular review of the altimeter is solved, and autonomous follow-up of the detected targets that have left the zone of stable detection of the range finder is carried out.

The presence of target designation in the tracking mode allows the concentration of energy in the altimeter in one narrow beam, due to which the radar provides significant detection areas and high accuracy of coordinate measurement at low energy costs.

The tracking mode with the concentration of energy in a narrow beam at a relatively low power of the altimeter transmitting device allows highly accurate measurement of the coordinates of targets at long ranges obtained in the range finder channel due to its higher potential and large values of the effective scattering area (EPR) of targets in the meter wavelength range.

Separation of the tasks of searching for targets and high-precision tracking of detected targets between different ranges reduces the size requirements of antennas, since the long-wave range does not pose the task of high-precision measurement of angular coordinates, and in the short-wave range, long ranges of target designation from the long-wave range are achieved due to the concentration of energy in a narrow beam at acceptable antenna sizes and transmitter power. This allows you to place a rangefinder and altimeter on one vehicle.

Thus, the introduction to the well-known radar containing a radar channel of the meter range finder, which is included in the AAK located on the first vehicle and includes AMU located on the rotating part of the vehicle’s control system, and AK, additionally the decimeter range altimeter channel with 180-degree deployed ° antenna relative to the range finder antenna included in the AAK, as well as the control unit located on the second vehicle, while the AK is located on the rotating part of the control panel of the first vehicle with The means with the connections described above made it possible to achieve the necessary technical result, namely, to improve the technical and operational characteristics of the radar, such as angular accuracy and resolution, as well as the safety of combat crew and reliability with the relatively inexpensive implementation of a mobile radar containing only two vehicles.

Additionally, in comparison with the prototype, the proposed radar allows you to:

- to provide high accuracy tracking small and unobtrusive targets at long ranges;

- increase by 2 times the rate of target tracking and increase the noise immunity from active interference due to the presence of two antennas of different ranges, deployed 180 ° relative to each other;

- increase the detection range of targets at lower elevations;

- expand the radar field of view in elevation;

- increase export potential.

The indicated technical results are achieved in a developed, manufactured and tested radar sample.

Claims (1)

A mobile three-coordinate radar station (RLS) containing a meter-range radar channel consisting of a rangefinder antenna (AD), a transmitting and receiving device (PPUD) and a primary processing device (UPOD), a ground-based radio interrogator antenna (ANRZ) and an antenna of a multifunctional radio navigation complex (AMRK) ), as well as a display, control and monitoring device (UOUK) and a consumer communication device (USP), in which the range finder, together with ANRZ and AMRK, is included in the antenna-hardware complex (AAK), located which is located on the first vehicle and includes an antenna mast device (AMU), which is located on the rotating part of the support-rotary device (OPU) of the vehicle and on the vertical mast of which are mounted AD, ARRZ directed in the same direction, and AMRK, a hydraulic coagulation-deployment system, with which the AMU in the transport position is laid on the platform of the vehicle, and a hardware container (AK) with its included PUD and UPOD, with the AD input-output through the first and third inputs and outputs PPUD is connected to the first input-output UPOD, characterized in that it additionally introduced the radar channel of the decimeter range altimeter as part of the altimeter antenna (AB), the transmitter-receiver unit (ПУВ) and the primary processing device (UPOV), as well as the control device, control and transmission of radar information (UUKPI), a secondary processing device (UVO) of the rangefinder and altimeter signals received through the UUKPI, and a control cabin (KU) located on the second vehicle, while the AV and PUVV enter The nuclear weapons at the AMU, AB are rotated 180 ° relative to the ABP and mounted on the vertical mast. The AMU, UPOV and UUKPI enter the AK located on the rotating part of the OPU of the first vehicle, and UOUK, UOVO and USP are located in the KU, with the AV input-output through the first and third inputs and outputs of the PUFM are connected to the first input-output of the UPOV, the input of the UKPI is connected to the output of the AMPK, the output is connected to the input of the PUFM, and the inputs and outputs of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the UKPI are connected respectively to the second PPUD output, second UPOD input-output, ANRZ input-output, PPUV second input-output, second UPOV swing-out and the first input-output UOVO, the second input-output of which is connected to the input-output Wouk, and output - with an input USP, whose output is the output of the radar.

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