RU2729889C1 - Antenna system and method of operation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radar equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radar engineering and can be used in construction of rotating multifunctional radar stations (RLS) of early detection of targets with electronic beam scanning for viewing of airspace and simultaneous accurate tracking of targets. Proposed antenna system includes solid-state phased antenna array, antenna of ground-based radar interrogator, installation of automatic compensation of interference and suppression of side lobes and antenna topography and orientation. Method of antenna system operation consists in the fact that forming one, scanning by elevation angle, pattern of transmission, five direction-of-sight scanning angles of the beam pattern for reception for main channels and a pattern of one side lobe suppression channel in the vertical plane, formed from a portion of the antenna array elements, wherein a complex pulse signal with internal linear-frequency modulation (LFM) with positive and negative deviation signs with variable pulse duration is used depending on the viewing mode and the elevation position number (EPN) used in both the radar amplitude and coherent channels, to provide detection of targets at distances of less than 10 km, a monochromatic radio pulse with fixed duration is emitted before the chirp signal, change of the repetition frequency of the probing signal is carried out at each change of the EPN.

EFFECT: high reliability, as well as high energy characteristics of the antenna system of the radar station.

8 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to radar technology and can be used in the construction of rotating multifunctional radar stations (radar) for early detection of targets with electronic scanning of the beam for viewing the airspace and simultaneous precise tracking of targets.

From the prior art, a mobile three-coordinate radar station is known according to the patent RU 2594285 C2 dated 08/10/2016, containing a radar channel of a meter range finder as part of a rangefinder antenna (AD), a receiving and transmitting device (PPUD) and a primary processing device (UPOD), an antenna of a ground radio interrogator (ANRZ) and antennas of the multifunctional radio navigation complex (AMRK), as well as a display, control and monitoring device (UOUK) and a consumer communication device (USP), in which the rangefinder, together with ANRZ and AMRK, is included in the antenna and hardware complex (AAC), located on the first vehicle and including an antenna mast device (AMU), which is located on the rotating part of the rotary support device (OPU) of the vehicle and on the vertical mast of which AD, ANRZ are fixed, directed in the same direction, and AMRK, hydraulic folding-deployment system, with the help of which the AMU in the transport position is laid on the square at the form of the vehicle, and a hardware container (AC) with the PPUD and UPOD included in it, while the input-output of the HELL through the first and third inputs-outputs of the PPUD is connected to the first input-output of the UPOD, characterized in that a radar channel is additionally introduced into it an altimeter of the decimeter range as part of an altimeter antenna (AB), a receiving and transmitting device (PPUV) and a primary processing device (UPOV), as well as a control, monitoring and transmission of radar information (UUKPI), a secondary processing device (UOVO) of rangefinder and altimeter signals arriving through the UUKPI, and the control cabin (CU) located on the second vehicle, while AV and PPUV enter the AMU, the AB is rotated 180 ° relative to the AD and is fixed on the vertical mast AMU, UPOV and UUKPI enter the AK located on the rotating part of the OPU of the first vehicle, and the UOUK, UOVO and USP are located in the KU, and the AV input-output through the first and third inputs-outputs of the PPUV is connected to the first input ohm-output UPOV, the UUKPI input is connected to the AMRK output, the output is connected to the PPUV input, and the inputs-outputs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the UUKPI are connected, respectively, to the second input-output of the UPUD, the second input-output of the UPOD, the input - the output of the ANRZ, the second input-output of the PPUV, the second input-output of the UPOV and the first input-output of the UOVO, the second input-output of which is connected to the input-output of the UOUK, and the output is connected to the input of the USP, the output of which is the output of the radar.

The disadvantage of the known radar is its low reliability.

The objective of the claimed invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of analogues.

The technical result is an increase in reliability, as well as an increase in the energy characteristics of the radar antenna system.

The technical result is achieved in an antenna system that includes a solid-state phased antenna array, a ground-based radar interrogator antenna, an installation for automatic interference compensation and side lobe suppression and an antenna for topographic reference and orientation, a solid-state phased antenna array is a combination of two flat phased antenna arrays: a receiving solid-state phased antenna array and a transmitting solid-state phased array antenna with analog phase control in the vertical plane, the phased array equipment contains sixteen transmitting and forty-eight receiving beamforming lines.

In addition, it is possible to switch the chirp deviation sign.

In addition, a monochromatic radio pulse is emitted in front of the chirp signal.

In addition, the radiating antenna fabric is covered with a radio-transparent shelter.

In addition, a solid-state transmitting-receiving antenna is built according to a scheme when the receiving and transmitting parts of the array are spaced apart in space.

The technical result is achieved by separating the receiving and transmitting parts of the phased array, building a multichannel transmitter, as well as eliminating individual microwave elements, leading to an increase in ohmic losses.

Also, the technical result is achieved in the method of operation of the antenna system, which consists in the fact that they form one scanning in elevation pattern for transmission, five scanning patterns in elevation for reception for the main channels and a pattern of one channel for suppressing side lobes in the vertical plane formed from part of the elements of the antenna array, while applying a complex pulse signal with internal linear frequency modulation (LFM) with a positive and negative sign of deviation with a variable pulse duration depending on the viewing mode and the elevation number (EMP), used as in amplitude and coherent radar channels, to ensure the detection of targets at ranges less than 10 km in front of the chirp signal, a monochromatic radio pulse with a fixed duration is emitted, the repetition rate of the probing signal is changed with each change in the UMP.

In addition, the choice of the carrier frequency of the probing signal is carried out manually by the operator from the operator's workstation with the "commander" status or automatically,

In addition, with automatic selection, the change of carrier frequencies is performed according to a random law or according to the results of an analysis of the interference situation.

The antenna system is designed to detect and guide targets under the influence of reflections from local objects, hydrometeors, discrete interfering formations and organized dipole interference, as well as fire suppression.

The radar antenna system is designed to emit probing pulses (ZI); reception and primary processing of echo signals; emission and reception of signals for identification of nationality targets (OGP); receiving echoes for the sidelobe suppression system; receiving signals for auto-compensation of interference in the main radar receiving channels; reception of signals for the channel of reconnaissance of interference environment (RK).

The antenna system consists of a solid-state phased antenna array, ground-based radar interrogator (NRZ) antennas, an automatic interference compensation and side-lobe suppression unit (AKP-PBL), and topographic reference antennas and is installed on the roof of the container body (cabin) with processing equipment. The emitting fabric of the antenna array is covered with a radio-transparent shelter (RPU), which protects against direct rain, snow and ice and frost deposits, and is closed at the back with removable covers.

The radar uses a complex pulse signal with an internal linear frequency modulation (LFM) with a positive and negative deviation sign (with a variable pulse duration depending on the viewing mode and elevation number (EMP)), used in both amplitude and coherent channels. Radar. The signal is a radio pulse with chirp filling.

To improve the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the radar when working in dense groupings of radio electronic equipment (RES), it is possible to switch the chirp deviation sign. To ensure target detection at minimum ranges (less than 10 km), a monochromatic radio pulse with a fixed duration is emitted in front of the chirp signal. The radar provides for operation at any of the available operating frequencies. The choice of the carrier frequency of the probing signal is carried out manually by the operator from the operator's workstation (OWS) with the "commander" status or automatically. With automatic selection, the change of carrier frequencies is carried out randomly or according to the results of the analysis of the interference situation. A change in the repetition rate of the probing signal is performed with each change in the UMP.

Antenna system installed with the possibility of rotation to survey the space in azimuth, while the survey of the elevation zone is performed by means of phase electronic scanning of one transmitting beam and synchronously with it five receiving beams in a given elevation sector.

Antenna system installation includes:

- an antenna array forming one scanning in elevation directional pattern for transmission, five scanning in elevation directional patterns for receiving for the main channels and a directional pattern of one side lobe suppression channel PBL (PBLV) in the vertical plane, formed from some of the antenna elements lattice. The antenna array includes a rack (located in the antenna array frame) with secondary receiving devices of the main and auxiliary channels, as well as elements of the equipment for functional and diagnostic monitoring of the antenna array;

- installation of AKP-PBL;

- UCP antenna;

- installation of topographic and orientation antennas.

The AKP-PBL unit is designed to receive jamming signals for the purpose of their autocompensation in the main receiving radar channels, as well as for blanking jamming signals received by the side lobes of the antenna array antenna pattern. Installation AKP-PBL forms eleven directional patterns of auto-compensation of interference and one pattern of suppression of side lobes in the horizontal plane. The directional patterns of the AKP-PBL installation channels provide overlapping of the side lobes of the spatial radiation pattern of the antenna array.

The AKP-PBL installation consists of twelve horizontal panels of printed vibrator subunits (emitters), parallel to the ground surface, located on the outer side wall of the container and forming the AKP-PBL installation. The vertical pitch of the radiators (in the column) coincides with the pitch of the lines of the main transmitting antenna.

Antenna of a ground-based radio interrogator (NRZ) is designed to form the directional pattern (DP) of the state identification channel.

The antenna of the ground radio interrogator includes:

- the lattice of the main channel, consisting of twenty-two subunits, connected by means of feeders with the corresponding outputs of the horizontal divider;

- an antenna of the cancellation channel, consisting of one extreme column;

- the antenna of the balun, consisting of the other extreme column, loaded on the matched load.

The antenna of the ground radio transmitter is installed on top of the antenna array frame so that their apertures are oriented in the same direction in the azimuthal plane.

For protection from external influences, a radio-transparent shelter is provided.

Installation of topographic and orientation antennas is designed to solve the following tasks during the deployment of the radar in position and during operation:

- determination and transmission to the complex of computing facilities (PAC) of the radar or the remote control panel of the coordinates of the point of the antenna system of the base chassis either in the geographic coordinate system (latitude, longitude, height), or in the rectangular Gauss-Kruger coordinate system (abscissa, conventional ordinate) ;

- determination and transmission to the PIC of the radar of the azimuth of the longitudinal axis of the base chassis of the radar antenna module in relation to the direction to the north;

- issuing to the PIC of the radar information about the time of the uniform time system and the frequency standard (SEV ECH).

The claimed invention is illustrated by drawings:

- Fig. 1 - vehicle with antenna system installed in transport position;

- Fig. 2 - machine with antenna system in working position;

- Fig. 3 - installation of the antenna system;

- Fig. 4 - antenna array; Where:

1 - Upper frame;

2 - Bottom frame;

3 - Receiving part of the lower frame;

4 - Transmitting part of the lower frame;

5 - Installation of topographic and orientation antennas.

The antenna system includes an antenna array that forms one scanning in elevation pattern for transmission, five scanning patterns in elevation for reception for the main channels and a pattern for one side lobe suppression channel PBL (PBLV) in the vertical plane, formed from a part elements of the antenna array. The antenna array includes a rack (located in the antenna array frame) with secondary receiving devices of the main and auxiliary channels, as well as elements of the equipment for functional and diagnostic monitoring of the antenna array; installation of AKP-PBL; antenna OGP; installation of topographic and orientation antennas.

In this case, the antenna array is a combination of two flat phased antenna arrays: a receiving solid-state phased antenna array (PAA) and a transmitting solid-state PAA with analog phase control in the vertical plane, the PAA equipment, containing sixteen transmitting and forty-eight receiving diagram-forming lines (DOSS), is located in two parts of the frame - upper and lower. The transmitting diagram-forming lines of the HEADLIGHTS are located in the lower part of the lower frame of the HEADLIGHTS, forty-eight receiving DOSS, of which sixteen are located in the upper part of the lower half of the frame and thirty-two receiving DOSS are located in the upper part of the HEADLIGHTS frame.

The system works as follows.

The equipment for installation of topographic and orientation antennas operates on the radio signals of navigation spacecraft (NSA) of the global navigation satellite systems GLONASS (Russia) and GPS (USA).

The installation of topographic and orientation antennas includes antenna modules, three of which are located on the side end of the antenna array, and one is located on top of the OCP antenna.

Radio signals from the satellite are received either by three spaced apart antenna modules when deploying and orienting the radar to positions, or by an antenna module during combat operations.

It is possible to switch the chirp deviation sign.

A monochromatic radio pulse is emitted before the chirp signal.

The radiating fabric of the antenna is covered with a radio-transparent shelter.

The solid-state transmitting-receiving antenna is constructed according to the scheme when the receiving and transmitting parts of the array are separated in space.

Antenna array is a combination of two planar phased antenna arrays: a receiving solid-state phased antenna array (PAA) and a transmitting solid-state PAA with analog phase control in the vertical plane. The PAR equipment, containing sixteen transmitting and forty-eight receiving diagram-forming line circuits (DOSS), is located in two parts of the frame - upper and lower. The transmitting diagram-forming circuits of the HEADLIGHTS lines are located in the lower part of the lower HEADLIGHT frame. Forty-eight receiving DOSS, of which sixteen are located in the upper part of the lower half of the frame and thirty-two receiving DOSS are located in the upper part of the HEADLIGHT frame.

The azimuth view of space is provided by uniform rotation of the antenna array.

DOSS is made using the technology of large-size printed circuit boards based on symmetrical strip lines. The transmitting DOSS contains thirty-two emitters, structurally combined with line dividers. The gains of the dividers are in phase and have a uniform amplitude distribution.

Receiving DOSS contain forty-six emitters, structurally combined with line dividers. The transfer coefficients of the dividers are in phase, but have an amplitude distribution that falls from the middle of the DOSS to its edges.

The polarization of the emitters is horizontal.

The aperture of the transmitting HEADLIGHT is 1000 mm (vertical) × 3000 mm (horizontal).

The aperture of the receiving HEADLIGHT is 3000 mm (vertically) × 4000 mm (horizontally).

The inclination of the PAR cloth normal relative to the horizon is 18 °.

Claims (8)

1. Antenna system, including a solid-state phased antenna array, an antenna for a ground-based radar interrogator, an installation for automatic compensation of interference and suppression of side lobes and an antenna for topographic reference and orientation, characterized in that the solid-state phased antenna array is a combination of two plane phased antenna arrays: a receiving solid-state phased array antenna array and transmitting solid-state phased array antenna with analog phase control in the vertical plane, the phased array equipment contains sixteen transmitting and forty-eight receiving beamforming lines. 2. Antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is possible to switch the chirp deviation sign. 3. Antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that a monochromatic radio pulse is emitted before the chirp signal. 4. Antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that the radiating antenna fabric is covered with a radio-transparent cover. 5. Antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid-state transmitting-receiving antenna is constructed according to the scheme when the receiving and transmitting parts of the array are spaced apart in space. 6. The method of operation of the antenna system, which consists in the fact that they form one scanning in elevation pattern for transmission, five scanning patterns in elevation for reception for the main channels and the pattern of one channel for suppressing side lobes in the vertical plane, formed from part of the antenna array elements, while using a complex pulse signal with an internal linear frequency modulation (LFM) with a positive and negative sign of deviation with a variable pulse duration depending on the viewing mode and the elevation number (EMP), used both in amplitude and and in the coherent channels of the radar, to ensure the detection of targets at ranges less than 10 km before the chirp signal, a monochromatic radio pulse with a fixed duration is emitted, the repetition rate of the probing signal is changed at each change in the UMP. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the choice of the carrier frequency of the probing signal is carried out manually by the operator from the operator's workplace with the status of "commander" or automatically. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that when automatic selection is made, the carrier frequencies are changed according to a random law or according to the results of an analysis of the interference situation.

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