EA001082B1 - Traction transportation means - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A traction transportation means comprising rectangular frame with a side members of an open profile on which mounted successively and connected with each other a driving motor, a clutch, a gear box, and a distributor box with outgoing shafts, connected via universal joints with blocking differentials of the front and rear driving axles each of which is provide with a crankcase connected to said side members of the frame, and a steering gear of wheels, a suspension of wheels and a of power take-off comprising a reduction gear mounted on the gear box, one of the gears of the p.t.o. reduction gear meshes with the gear box, said reduction gear is connected via a universal joint to a kinematic unit of the p.t.o. rear shaft drive, characterized in that it is provided with a winch positioned in the zone between axles inside the frame, the driving element of the winch is connected via a universal joint to a kinematic unit of the p.t.o. rear shaft drive, the open profile of said side members is arranged on the outer side of the frame, the crankcase of each axle is fixed with flanges to the vertical walls of the side member from the inner side of the frame and wheel universal joints from a differential are passed through openings in the vertical walls of said side members and via terminal drives are connected with wheels, the suspension of each wheel is designed independent torsional on four levers of fastening to a wheel, wherein all wheels are turnable and kinematically connected to the steering gear, said steering gear is designed enabling to disengage the rear axle wheels and fixing the latter towards the frame along the longitudinal axis of the transportation means, said steering gear comprises a connecting rod for each wheel, one end of the connecting rod is connected to the wheel and the other with the first arm of a double-arm pendular lever, other arms of the pendular levers of wheels of one axle are connected with each other with a connecting rod, wherein each pendular lever is connected in one side of the frame with a lever, and levers are hingedly connected with each other, a slide rod of the steering gear hydraulic distributor is kinematically connected with one of latter levers, and another lever in the zone of the rear axle of the latter levers is designed of variable length for adjusting an angle of turn of the wheels and provided with a lock mechanism when disengaging connection elements of the front axle steering gear, wherein a power hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic booster is hingedly connected with one of the pendular levers, said booster is hydraulically connected with the steering gear hydraulic distributor. 2. A traction transportation means as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said distributor box is designed with a power take-off for driving a user in a dependent regime. 3. A traction transportation means as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that an independent suspension for each wheel comprises a supporting shaft with two connecting levers with a wheel, said shaft is positioned in an open cavity of the side member, and a torsional shaft positioned in supports under the lower horizontal shelf of the side member, said shaft has two connecting levers with a wheel and connected with said shelf via a fixation unit with elements of adjusting the rigidity of said shaft. 4. A traction transportation means as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that further provided with a screw mechanism for adjusting the suspension travel and its disengagement, said mechanism fixed on the frame and a vertically-movable element of which has a thrust for interaction with the suspension elements. 5. A traction transportation means as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said hydraulic distributor is connected with a hydraulic pump with a direct drive to rotate from the front portion of the crankshaft of the driving motor. 6. A traction transportation means comprising rectangular frame with a side members of an open profile on which mounted successively and connected with each other a driving motor, a clutch, a gear box, and a distributor box with outgoing shafts, connected via universal joints with blocking differentials of the front and rear driving axles each of which is provide with a crankcase connected to said side members of the frame, and a steering gear of wheels, a suspension of wheels and a of power take-off comprising a reduction gear mounted on the gear box, one of the gears of the reduction gear meshes with the gear box, said reduction gear is connected via a universal joint to a kinematic unit of the p.t.o. rear shaft drive, the outgoing shafts of which are connected via universal joints with a kinematic drive unit of the p.t.o. rear and front axles, characterized in that it is provided with a winch positioned in the zone between axles inside the frame, the driving element of the winch is connected via a universal joint to a kinematic unit of the p.t.o. rear shaft drive, the open profile of said side members is arranged on the outer side of the frame, the crankcase of each axle is fixed with flanges to the perpendicular walls of the side member from the inner side of the frame, the suspension of each wheel is designed independent torsional on four levers of fastening to a wheel, wherein all wheels are turnable and kinematically connected to the steering gear, said steering gear is designed enabling to disengage the rear axle wheels and fixing the latter towards the frame along the longitudinal axis of the transportation means, and the distribution box is provided with an additional outgoing shaft for rotation of a belt drive or a universal joint transmission to drive said units, wherein the steering gear drive, said steering gear comprises a connecting rod for each wheel, one end of the connecting rod is connected to the wheel and the other with the first arm of a double-arm pendular lever, other arms of the pendular levers of wheels of one axle are connected with each other with a connecting rod, wherein the pendular levers of the axle wheels are hingedly connected along one frame side with the longitudinal rods, the ends of which are connected to appropriate arms of a pendular central rocking lever which enables in a perpendicular plane. 7. A traction transportation means as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that an independent suspension for each wheel comprises a supporting shaft with two connecting levers with a wheel, said shaft is positioned in an open cavity of the side member, said supporting shaft has two upper levers united by a ball-and-socket joint of fastening to a wheel, and a torsional shaft with two lower levers connected with a wheel, said torsional shaft is positioned in supports beneath the lower horizontal shelf of the frame side members, and connected with the frame via the adjusting unit of its rigidity, wherein lower levers are connected with the frame via a two-way shock-absorber. 8. A traction transportation means as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that for adjusting the suspension travel and its disengagement it is provided with a hydraulic travel catch, fixed on the frame, said catch is designed as a power hydraulic cylinder a movable element of which is provided with a thrust for interacting with the suspension levers. 9. A traction transportation means as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that it is further equipped with hydraulic mechanisms for mounting technological equipment in the front and rear zones of the frame. 10. A traction transportation means comprising rectangular frame on which mounted successively and connected with each other a driving motor, a clutch, a gear box, and a distributor box with outgoing shafts, which are connected by the universal joint drive with the differentials of the front and rear driving axles connected to the side members of the frame via the suspension, a steering gear of wheels, a suspension of wheels and a of power take-off comprising a reduction gear mounted on the gear box, one of the gears of the reduction gear meshes with the gear box, the outgoing shafts of the p.t.o are connected via universal joint drives to the driving units of p.t.o. rear and front axles, a hydraulic pump for boosting mechanisms of the steering gear drive, characterized in that it is provided with an additional reduction gear positioned in the zone between the axles inside the frame, the drive of the reduction gear is connected via a universal joint drive to the p.o.t. rear axle, and an outgoing element with a brush for cleaning or a winch with a rope, a p.t.o. box is provided with an additional outgoing shaft to drive an additional pump which is common for turnable wheels of the front and rear axles, the axles are connected to the side members of the frame via longitudinally spaced springs, wherein the steering dear drive of the wheels is designed enabling to disengage the rear axle wheels and fixation of the latter towards the frame and oriented along the longitudinal axis of the transportation means comprises two steering mechanisms with supports and incoming shafts and positioned outside of one of side members of the frame, a conical reduction gear with one incoming and two outgoing shafts, a coupling for disengaging the drive of the steering gear of the rear axle, and a front longitudinal rod provided with a hydraulic booster valve, two transverse rods positioned outside of the other longitudinal element of the frame, hydraulic cylinders of the booster mechanism of the rear and front axles, a locking mechanism of the rear axle fixation, steering wheel connected to the incoming shaft of the conical reduction gear one of the outgoing shafts of which is connected to the incoming shaft of the steering mechanism of the front axle the support of which is connected to the front longitudinal rod, and a second outgoing shaft via a disengaging coupling and a locking mechanism of fixation is connected to the steering mechanism of

Description

The invention relates to transport and tractor engineering, in particular to vehicles of universal functional purpose, designed to perform technological operations in forestry, agriculture and utilities, as well as during construction and installation works.

Prior art

Known traction vehicle off-road, containing the frame, the sprung drive drive axles, the front of which is controlled and pivotal, cab, steering for the front axle, which includes a power steering mechanism connected kinematically through the bipod with a lever of the steering knuckle, transmission, including successively connected drive engine, clutch, gearbox and transfer case for driving both axles (see the book. A.S. Antonov and others. Army vehicles or h. 1, the design and calculation of Defense Military Publishing House of the USSR, M, 1970, p. 55, Fig. 11.5, pp. 58, Fig. 11.9).

This vehicle cannot be used for the production of, for example, utility work, it cannot provide low-speed driving, suitable for the operation of process equipment such as a sweeping brush. This tool has proven itself as an off-road vehicle for the transport of goods over long distances. Rotation of this tool is designed for standard road conditions of a developed transport infrastructure. In this regard, in cramped conditions where increased maneuverability with small turning radii is required, this tool is ineffective. In addition, the design of the machine when using it with special equipment requires the introduction of certain structural changes and additions.

Known traction vehicle containing the frame, leading drive axles, made managed and turning, steering for both axles, transmission, which includes sequentially interconnected drive engine, clutch, gearbox and transfer box drive these bridges, as well as the selection system power to drive front and rear power take-off shafts (Demonstration of MES multifunctional power equipment during the workshop nd cleaning equipment in Moscow, Department of engineering, Moscow, 28-29 February 1996).

A feature of this tool is that it is assembled on the basis of components and assemblies of a commercially available vehicle.

The rear drive axle, which is made controlled, is not pressed and rigidly connected to the frame; therefore, at high speeds, to maintain directional stability, it is necessary to disconnect this bridge from the steering. And for some work, you must disable the front axle suspension. Lever steering system complicates the design as a whole, since such a scheme, due to the complexity of the layout, required the introduction of so-called slide valves and a hydraulic circuit, also used for hydraulic power take-off. The introduction of the hydraulic circuit due to the need to increase the maneuverability of the machine by changing the method of rotation.

Another disadvantage of this tool is the complexity of its operation due to its design, since it requires constant monitoring of operating modes (deactivating the suspension, locking the rotation of the rear wheels, moving the machine from one method of rotation to another, etc.). In addition, the introduction, in addition to the mechanical power transmission flows, also a powerfully branched hydraulic flow leads to complications in maintenance. Technological equipment such as a sweeper brush is attached to a rear mounted hitch mechanism, the hydraulic cylinder of which is connected to the lifting body. In this regard, when lowering the brush, the body rises, and the tool moves with the raised body. Naturally, the movement of such means in the general flow of transport is a source of increased danger.

The disadvantage of this design in terms of execution of the design features of the process equipment drive support system is that according to the operating conditions it is not always necessary to drive the front and rear power take-off simultaneously. The simultaneous rotation of both shafts involves a part of the power of the drive motor of the traction vehicle, which is also loaded with pumps of the hydraulic circuit system. At the same time, when operating certain types of technological equipment, a traction vehicle uses almost all engine power to overcome resistance. In this case, it is inappropriate to spend this power on the rotation of nodes that are not participating functionally in the work.

The problem can be solved by using an engine of greater power, but in terms of weight and dimensions, the new engine does not always fit into the scheme of the machine without changing the locations of the aggregates and shafts of the machine.

A traction off-road vehicle of type υΝΙΜΟΟ is known, containing a rectangular-shaped frame with open profile side members, on which drive motor, grip, gearbox and transfer box are made, which are connected with output shafts that are interlocked with front and differential differentials rear axles, each of which has a crankcase associated with the frame side members, as well as the steering wheel drive, wheel suspension and device from ora power, which includes a power take-off reducer mounted on the gearbox with gearing from one of the gears of the last, connected with a kinematic drive unit of the rear power take-off shaft (see I. Selivanov Automobiles and transport tracked vehicles of high passability, M, Science, 1967, pp. 110-111).

A well-known multi-purpose vehicle has a dependent spring suspension of the front and rear wheels. In this regard, reduced the possibility of achieving greater cross-country ability. In addition, only the front axle is driven, which significantly reduces the maneuverability of the traction device.

The lack of maneuverability of a known traction vehicle is due to the fact that only the front wheels are driven. Considering that the chassis is universal for creating a range of multifunctional machines, poor maneuverability limits the use of such machines at sites with constrained maneuver conditions, for example, in public utilities. In addition, the layout scheme, built on the principle of placing all components and assemblies in the internal volume of the frame, does not allow to use all the capabilities of the kinematic nodes to expand their functions and maintainability. The frame with the side members, the open profile of which is located on the inner side of the frame, provides a compact arrangement of all the components and assemblies of the life support of the traction means in this particular zone. But this increases the complexity of maintenance of all units, caused by the difficulty of free access to them. When repairing it is necessary to remove the cab, perhaps the body, which requires the use of stationary garage equipment.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The present invention is directed to solving the following technical tasks: supplying the front and rear semi-independent power take-off shafts, ensuring the connection of autonomous power consumers to the dependent power take-off shaft of the transfer gearbox to operate in a stationary mode as an independent stationary source of electricity for performing lighting, welding etc., providing the possibility of selectively turning off one of the power shafts or both of the power shafts in s the functional inappropriateness of its / their use while maintaining the layout and kinematic scheme of the traction vehicle, increasing the maximum angles of rotation of the front and rear wheels to increase vehicle maneuverability, providing the ability to turn off the rear wheels from the steering drive and fix them to increase the stability of the chassis at high speeds , a change in the steering mechanism to improve directional stability at high speeds without blocking the rotation of the rear stake c and ensuring low speeds when working with technological equipment, supplying the chassis with a standard hydraulic attachment system for aggregating equipment that is widely used in agriculture and public utilities.

The present invention is also directed to solving the problem of simplifying the structure as a whole through the use of standard mechanical power flow units.

Achievable technical result is to improve the operational maneuverability and traction properties when working with technological equipment.

This technical result for the first version of the implementation is that the traction vehicle containing a rectangular frame with side members of the open profile, on which are mounted sequentially interconnected drive motor, clutch, gearbox and transfer case, made with output shafts, which are cardan gears are associated with locking differentials of the front and rear axles, each of which has a crankcase associated with the frame side members, as well as the steering gear water wheels, wheel suspension and power take-off device, which includes a power take-off reducer mounted on the gearbox with gearing from one of the gears, connected to the kinematic drive unit of the rear power take-off shaft, is equipped with a winch located in the zone between the axles which is connected to the kinematic drive unit of the rear power take-off shaft by a drive shaft, the open profile of the side members is located on the outer side of the frame, the crankcase of each axle is flanged to the vertical walls of the side members from the inner side of the frame, and the wheel drive shafts from the differential are passed through the holes in the vertical walls of the side members and are connected to finalized gears with co5 scaffolds; and kinematically connected with the steering gear, made with the ability to turn off the wheels of the rear axle and fix the latter relative to the frame, oriented along the longitudinal axis of the transport For this means, the steering gear includes for each wheel a wheel link, connected at the one end with the wheel and the other with the first shoulder of the two-arm pendulum lever, the other arms of the pendulum arms of the wheels of one axle are connected with each other; is connected to the lever, and the levers are connected to each other via a hinge thrust, the spool rod of the hydraulic control valve is kinematically connected with one of the levers mentioned last, and the other lever in the rear axle zone is from The latter are made of variable length to adjust the angle of rotation of the rear wheels and are equipped with a mechanism for its locking when the connection with the elements of the front axle steering drive is disconnected, and the hydraulic hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic booster is connected to one of the pendulum levers.

In this case, the transfer case is performed with a power take-off shaft for driving the consumer in dependent mode. For this version, an independent suspension for each wheel includes a support shaft mounted in the open cavity of the spar with two link arms with the wheel and a torsion shaft mounted in the supports under the bottom horizontal spar shelf, carrying two link arms with the wheel and connected to this shelf through the node termination with stiffness adjustment elements of this shaft. To adjust the suspension travel and turn it off, it is additionally equipped with a screw mechanism fixed to the frame, the element of which is movable in the vertical direction with an emphasis of interaction with the suspension elements.

This technical result for the second version is that the traction vehicle containing a frame with side members of the open profile, on which are mounted sequentially interconnected drive motor, clutch, gearbox and transfer box, made with output shafts that are connected by cardan gears with lockable differentials of front and rear wheel axles, each of which has a crankcase and is connected to the frame side members, as well as the steering wheel drive, The wheel set and power take-off device, which includes a power take-off reducer mounted on the gearbox with gearing from one of the gears, the output shafts of which are connected with the kinematic drive unit of the rear and front power shafts, is located in the zone between the axles, the drive element of which is connected by a cardan transmission with a kinematic drive unit of the rear power take-off shaft, the open profile of the frame side members is located on the outer side of the frame, and each case On the bridge, flanges are attached to the vertical flanges of the frame side members from the inner side, the wheel drive shafts of the drive wheels are made with flanges for attachment to the wheel and the differential shaft, passed through a hole in the vertical wall of the frame side member; all the wheels are turning and kinematically connected with the steering gear, and the transfer case is made with an additional output shaft for rotating the interchangeable pulleys of the belt drive Ivoda generator or hydraulic pump or cardan drive transmission of these units, while the steering actuator includes for each wheel wheel traction connected at one end with the wheel and the other with the first shoulder of the two-arm pendulum lever, the other arms of the pendulum arms of the wheels of one axle are connected between themselves, while the pendulum arms of the wheels of the bridges are pivotally connected along one side to the longitudinal rods, the ends of which are connected to the respective shoulders of the pendulum central rocker, having the possibility of swinging i'm in a vertical plane.

For the second embodiment, an independent suspension for each wheel includes a support shaft mounted in the open cavity of the frame spar with two integrated ball bearings for mounting to the wheel with upper arms and a torsion shaft with two lower arms located in the supports under the lower horizontal flange of the frame spar associated with the wheel, while the torsion shaft is connected to the frame through the node regulating its rigidity, and the lower levers are connected to the frame through a double-acting shock absorber. At the same time, to adjust the suspension travel and turn it off, it is equipped with a hydraulic travel stop mounted on the frame in the form of a power cylinder, the movable element of which is made with the fifth to interact with the suspension arms.

This technical result for the third variant of execution consists in the fact that in a traction vehicle, a frame containing a rectangular shape, on which are sequentially interconnected drive motor, clutch, gearbox and transfer box, made with output shafts, which are connected with cardan gears differentials front and rear axles, through the suspension associated with the frame side members, steering wheel drive and power take-off device, including mounting On the gearbox with gearing with one of the gears of the last power take-off, the output shafts of which are connected with the drive units of the rear and front power take-off shafts, as well as the hydraulic pump, the power take-off is made with an additional output shaft of the power steering pump drive, which is common to the front and rear axles made of swivel wheels, the axles are connected to the frame side members by longitudinally located springs, while the steering wheel drive includes two located on the outer side of one of the spars of the steering frame with bipods and input shafts, a bevel gearbox with one input and two output shafts, a coupling for disengaging the drive of the rear axle steering, as well as a front longitudinal draft equipped with a hydraulic booster valve, two transverse drawbars located on the outer side of the other longitudinal frame member hydraulic cylinders of the reinforcing mechanism of the front and rear axles, locking mechanism for fixing the rear axle, steering wheel shaft connected to the input shaft The gearbox, one of the output shafts of which is connected to the input shaft of the front axle steering mechanism, the bipod of which is connected to the front longitudinal bar, and the second output shaft is connected through the disconnect coupling and the locking mechanism of fixation to the rear axle steering mechanism rear axle.

It is advisable in the kinematic connection of at least one PTO shaft with a front or rear PTO shaft to install an adjustable torque limiting clutch.

The traction device can also be equipped with an additional gearbox located in the zone between the bridges in the internal frame volume, the drive element of which is connected with the drive unit of the rear power take-off shaft, and the output element with a sweeping brush or a winch with a cable.

The transfer case can be made with an additional output shaft for the drive in dependent mode via a belt or chain drive generator or hydraulic pump.

This technical result for the fourth version is achieved by the fact that in a traction vehicle containing a rectangular frame, driving axles sprung relative to the frame, drive wheels, at least one of which are made as pivotal, the cab, steering wheels, including power steering mechanism connected to the front axle steering knob lever and kinematically with the rear axle bipod, and also made with the function of blocking the rotation of the rear axle wheels a hundred, transmission, which includes a drive engine, a clutch, a gearbox and a transfer box of the specified axle drive, a hydraulic power supply system for consumers and a system of front and rear power take-off shafts mounted on the frame and connected in series, as well as front and rear mechanisms technological equipment hinges, the steering of wheels, made with the function of blocking the rotation of the wheels of the rear axle, includes a power steering mechanism connected to the lever m of the front axle steering knuckle and kinematically with the rear axle bipod, and this kinematic connection includes for each axle additional steering mechanisms that are inversely interconnected by the cardan gear and through the bipods pivotally connected and the longitudinal thrusts to the levers of the axle steering knuckles, the king pin the rear axle in the longitudinal plane is tilted towards the front axle pivot, and the hinge connection of the bipod of the additional steering mechanism for the rear axle with a longitudinal thrust connected with the lever the company’s fist of this bridge is located in the center of the swing of the sprung rear axle, while for blocking the rotation of the rear axle wheels, the longitudinal thrust of one of the axles disconnected from the steering wheel lever is attached to the frame, and the transmission includes an additional transfer box whose input shaft is connected to the output gearbox, and one of the output shafts - with the entrance of the main transfer case.

In this case, the transverse linkage of the steering linkage of the rear pivot axle is connected with an additional power steering.

For this vehicle, the consumer’s hydraulic power supply system includes a hydraulic pump driven by the engine and communicated with a three-section hydraulic distributor, each controlled section of which is connected to a separate consumer group, while for the circuit, at least one section in the supply line of each consumer in the group is installed controlled two-position valve, while the controls of these valves are interlocked with each other.

This technical result for the fifth version of the execution of the traction vehicle is achieved by the fact that in a traction vehicle containing a rectangular frame, sprung driving drive axles, at least one of which is made with steered wheels, steering, transmission, including mounted on the frame and sequentially interconnected drive motor, clutch, gearbox and transfer box to drive the specified bridges, as well as a power take-off system to drive front- and rear-mounted power shafts, the power take-off system also includes a power take-off mounted on the gearbox in the area of the process window of the latter and having a shaft with a gear that is kinematically connected through one process window to one of the gears of the gearbox, one the end of this shaft is connected to the rear PTO shaft by means of at least one propeller shaft, and the other is connected to the front PTO shaft through a controlled tooth A coupling for providing connection and disconnection of this power shaft to the power take-off shaft; the coupling with the governing body is mounted in a separate housing fixed to the power take-off housing in the area of the bearing support of the shaft protruding end of this box and made with an annular shoulder for preloading this bearing, while the steering for the front and rear axles of the drive and swivel wheels, which includes a power steering mechanism connected to the steering arm lever and the front axle and kinematically with the arm of the steering knuckle of the rear axle, as well as performed with the function of blocking the rotation of the wheels of the rear axle, characterized in that the kinematic connection includes for each axle additional steering mechanisms that are inversely interconnected by a cardan transmission and through articulated between the bipod and the longitudinal thrust - with the levers of the steering knuckles of the bridges; The knuckle of this axle is located in the center of the swing of the sprung rear axle, while the transverse thrust of the steering linkage of the rear axle is connected with an additional hydraulic booster, and the additional steering mechanism of the rear axle is connected with the cardan gear through the controlled gear coupling, which is locked to the steering gear housing cardan drive to block the rotation of the rear axle wheels, while the pin of the rear axle wheels in the longitudinal plane is inclined towards the pin of the front axle wheels.

In this case, the control element of the gear coupling is brought into the exit zone of the front-mounted power take-off shaft and is located at the outer front of the vehicle.

The control gear box coupling in the mode of disconnection of the additional steering mechanism of the rear axle with cardan transmission is kinematically connected with the contact switch of the control circuit of the hydraulic distributor of the power steering power supply system, which ensures locking of the control cavities of the hydraulic axle of the rear axle steering linkage.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The present invention is illustrated by specific examples, which, however, are not the only possible, but clearly demonstrate the possibility of achieving the required technical result given for each of the options.

FIG. 1 is a kinematic diagram of a traction vehicle according to the first embodiment;

in fig. 2 is a kinematic diagram of the steering for a vehicle according to the first embodiment;

in fig. 3 - mounting the wheels with the suspension and the elements of the steering actuator for a vehicle according to the first embodiment, in axonometry;

in fig. 4 is a kinematic diagram of the mount with wheel suspension for a vehicle according to the first embodiment;

in fig. 5 is a general view of the traction vehicle according to the second embodiment;

in fig. 6 is a kinematic diagram of a vehicle according to a second embodiment;

in fig. 7 is a steering scheme for turning all the driving wheels of a vehicle according to the second embodiment;

in fig. 8 - suspension of the drive wheel with the elements of communication with the steering control for a vehicle according to the second embodiment;

in fig. 9 is a kinematic diagram of a drive of a driving wheel of a vehicle according to a second embodiment;

in fig. 10 is an example of the execution of the attachment mechanism for rotating the vehicle body according to the second embodiment;

in fig. 11 - a general view of the traction vehicle according to the third embodiment;

in fig. 1 2 - kinematic diagram of a universal vehicle according to the third embodiment;

in fig. 1 3 is a diagram of a universal vehicle steering drive according to the third embodiment;

in fig. 1 4 - shows a general view of the traction vehicle according to the fourth embodiment;

in fig. 1 5 - the same as in FIG. 1 4, with a different cab location;

in fig. 16 is a top view with the cab and body removed, the planned layout of the vehicle according to the fourth embodiment;

in fig. 17 is a kinematic diagram of the transmission of the vehicle according to the fourth embodiment, where the node I is the front power take-off in the winch drive variant;

in fig. 18 - node II - front power take-off in the form of a shaft;

in fig. 19 is a kinematic diagram of the steering of the vehicle according to the fourth embodiment;

in fig. 20 is a diagram of the position of the pivots of the driven axles of the vehicle according to the fourth embodiment;

in fig. 21 is a diagram of the position of a hinge connecting a lever with a longitudinal bearing in a vehicle according to a fourth embodiment;

in fig. 22 is a hydraulic power supply circuit for a vehicle consumer in the fourth embodiment;

in fig. 23 - the kinematic scheme of the traction vehicle according to the fifth embodiment is shown;

in fig. 24 — node III of FIG. 23;

in fig. 25 — node IV of FIG. 23;

in fig. 26 is a longitudinal section through the power take-off (partly shown) and a gear coupling, an example of a constructive implementation of the node IV of FIG. 25;

in fig. 27 is a kinematic diagram of the steering of the traction vehicle according to the fifth embodiment;

in fig. 28 is a kinematic diagram of a controlled gear clutch for disengaging the rear axle wheels from the vehicle’s steering control system in a fifth embodiment;

in fig. 29 is a kinematic diagram of the steering control of the traction vehicle according to the sixth embodiment;

in fig. 30 - hydraulic power takeoff system for powering external consumers;

in fig. 31 is a hydraulic creeper circuit diagram.

The best embodiments of the invention

Traction vehicle of increased cross-country ability and maneuverability in accordance with the first embodiment (Fig. 1-4) contains a rectangular frame with side members of an open profile, on which a driving engine, a coupling, a gearbox and a transfer box, made with output shafts, are mounted in series, which are connected with drive shafts with lockable differentials of front and rear axles, each of which has a crankcase connected to the frame side members, as well as the steering wheel drive, a wheel suspension and a power take-off device including a gearbox mounted on the gearbox with one of the gears of the last power take-off reducer, a cardan drive connected with the kinematic drive unit of the rear power take-off shaft. It is also equipped with a winch located in the zone between the bridges, the drive element of which is driven by a cardan drive connected with the kinematic drive unit of the rear power take-off shaft. The open profile of the side members is located on the outer side of the frame, the crankcase of each axle is flanged to the vertical walls of the side members on the inner side of the frame. And the wheel drive shafts from the differential are passed through holes in the vertical walls of the side members and are connected with the wheels through final drives. In this case, all wheels are rotary and kinematically connected with the steering gear, made with the possibility of turning off the rear axle wheels and fixing the latter relative to the frame are oriented along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, the steering gear includes a wheel link for each wheel connected at one end with the wheel, to the other, with the first shoulder of the two-arm pendulum lever, the other shoulders of the pendulum arms of one axle are connected to each other, with each pendulum lever being connected to one arm side by side The armature and the levers are connected to each other through a hinge joint, one of the levers mentioned last is kinematically connected to the spool steering control valve, and the other lever to the rear axle of the last mentioned is made of variable length to adjust the angle of rotation of the rear wheels and is equipped with a mechanism for locking it when disabling communication with the elements of the front axle steering, with one of the pendulum levers, the power hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic booster is pivotally connected, hydraulically communicated of a steering control valve.

The control valve of the steering gear system communicates with the hydraulic pump with a direct drive of rotation from the toe of the drive engine crankshaft.

In this vehicle, the transfer case is made with a power take-off shaft for driving the consumer in a dependent mode.

The suspension of each wheel is made independent of the torsion bar on the four levers of attachment to the wheel. Independent suspension for each wheel includes a support shaft mounted in the open cavity of the side member with two link arms with the wheel and a torsion shaft mounted in supports under the bottom horizontal shelf of the side member, carrying two link arms with the wheel and connected to this shelf through a fitting unit with adjustment elements stiffness of this shaft. To adjust the suspension travel and turn it off, it is additionally equipped with a screw mechanism fixed to the frame, the element of which is movable in the vertical direction with an emphasis of interaction with the suspension elements.

Below is an example of a specific implementation of the traction vehicle in the first embodiment.

Traction vehicle (Fig. 1) contains a drive motor 1, which through a clutch 2, gearbox 3, transfer box 4, cardan gears 5 drives the drive wheels 7 of the front and rear axles 8 equipped with final gears 6. The drive axles 8 contain the crankcase 9, in which the main gear and the locking differential of the type of a cam differential of increased friction 10 are mounted, the corresponding links of which through the wheel drive shafts 11 are connected with the final gears of the driving wheels.

The gearbox 3 is kinematically connected with a reverse power take-off 1 2, mounted on the side wall of the gearbox housing in the area of the process window and hooked to the reverse gear of the latter. The output shaft of the power take-off box 1 2 is connected via a cardan drive 1 3 to the kinematic node 1 4 of the rear power take-off drive. In the general case, the kinematic unit is any known gearbox having a number of permanent gearing of at least three gears, one of which is connected directly to the power shaft, and the other is made with an additional output to which the drive gear of the winch 15 can be kinematically connected. The winch 15 is located in the area between the bridges in the internal volume of the frame, which allows for the placement of the guide rollers under the frame to carry out the output cable through the front of the vehicle, so through her back. Nothing limits the possibility of making the lateral conclusions of the cable with the appropriate arrangement of the guide blocks. Entry of the winch is not from the outside of the frame, as is traditionally accepted, but in the volume of the frame itself, it is possible to transfer the tension force of the cable under the center of gravity of the machine and thereby reduce the tilting effect on the machine of the reactive torque during the tension of the cable.

Power take-off 12 is controlled with a control lever and has three control positions: neutral, forward and reverse. This allows winding and unwinding the winch cable, semi-independent drive of the kinematic node 1 4 (the output shaft speed does not depend on the gear in the gearbox, and the power flow is disconnected by the clutch 2 and the control lever of the power take-off box 1 2).

Winch 1 5 is equipped with a clutch and a safety device. The transfer box 4 is made with an additional dependent shaft 1 6 power take-off, the speed and direction of rotation of which depend on the included gear in the gearbox 3. The transfer box is made dual-band: with direct transmission and reduction gear. It is possible to control the connection and disconnection of a bridge depending on the required operating conditions and the type of supporting surface.

FIG. 2 shows the kinematic diagram of the steering mechanism to ensure the rotation of all wheels and increase the maneuverability of the traction vehicle.

With the bipod 1 7 steering associated hydraulic valve 1 8 power steering system, hydraulically communicated through a safety valve and filter with pump 19, receiving rotation directly from the toe of the crankshaft of the drive engine 1 (Fig. 1). The spool thrust 20 of the hydraulic distributor 1 8 through the pendulum arms 21 and the wheel thrust 22 is connected to the wheels 7. The kinematic connection of the wheels of the front and rear axles of the right and left sides is ensured by transverse thrusts 23, longitudinal thrust 24 and the lever 25 of the rear axle wheels turning. When this lever 25 is made with the possibility of changing its length and fixing in this position, which allows you to change the shoulder connection with the load 24 to ensure the change of the maximum angles of rotation of the wheels of the rear axle and the possibility of locking these wheels from their rotation. The control valve 1 8 is hydraulically communicated with the executive hydraulic cylinder 26 of the steering enhancement mechanism.

The kinematic steering scheme provides the rotation of the wheels of the rear and front axles in different directions, which ensures high maneuverability of the traction equipment.

The execution of the side members 27 with an open profile outwards allows the elements of the suspension and steering to be successfully placed in a common assembly, shown alternatively in FIG. 3

The wheels 7 are connected to the frame by means of an independent torsion suspension, which includes the upper 28 and lower 29 levers fixed in the supports 30 and 31. In the lower supports 30 there is a torsion shaft 32 connected by the lower levers 29 to the wheels 7 and through the torsion shaft sealing unit 33 with the bottom shelf of the frame side member. In this case, the sealing unit is made with the possibility of adjusting the rigidity of the torsion shaft.

The supports 30 are located under the lower horizontal flange of the side member, and the supports 31 are made in the cavity of the open profile of this side member. In the area between the levers in the vertical flange of the side member there is a hole for the passage of the wheel drive shafts 11 and the hole for the passage of the steering levers. With the steering mechanism, the wheels 7 are connected by means of wheel barriers 22, transverse barriers 23, interconnected by pendulum levers 21 placed on the shaft of the support 34 mounted on the bracket 35 of the spar 27.

From the drive axle 8, the torque through the wheel drive shafts 11 is transmitted to the drive wheel 7. The wheel 7 (FIG. 4) is fixed by means of the lower 29 and upper 28 levers and rubber-metal hinges 36 in the support brackets for bearings 30 and 31.

For ease of mounting and dismounting the drive axles, their crankcases 9 are fastened through removable half-rings 37 on the vertical flanges of the side members 27. This allows unloading the bridges, as well as cardan gears, informing them of rotation from the transfer case, since the latter operate in constant angle conditions.

To regulate the suspension travel and turn it off, the suspension is equipped with a screw mechanism 38, the fixed element of which is fixed on the side member, and the element movable in the vertical direction with an emphasis 39 for engaging with the levers. The distance between the levers and the stop 39 determines the suspension travel, and the introduction of the stop in contact with the levers eliminates the suspension from work.

Traction vehicle operates as follows.

Torque from the drive engine 1 through the included clutch 2 and the selected gear in the gearbox 3 is fed to the input of the transfer case 4, where it branches out through the cardan gears 5 to the inputs of the main gears of the driving axles 8. Through the differential differentials 1 0 the moment goes to the final ones gears 6 drives the drive wheels 7. Depending on the coupling conditions, the contact of the drive wheels with the ground provides either a differential connection of the drive wheels of one bridge to each other, or a locked connection, if one of the wheels It falls to the portion with a small coefficient of adhesion. The transfer box 4 forms the conditions for the drive of bridges by switching on direct or low gears.

Independent suspension of all wheels provides not only increased smoothness and stability of the movement of the traction vehicle over the relief terrain, but also increases the permeability of this vehicle.

The heading direction of movement of the traction vehicle is determined by the position of the driving wheels relative to the longitudinal plane of the vehicle and the steering elements. In the case of rectilinear movement, the position of the steering elements is as shown in FIG. 2. When turning with all the steered wheels, turning the steering links leads to one side wheels at an angle to each other, which significantly increases the maneuverability of the vehicle.

When you change the length of the arm of the lever 25 changes the angle of rotation of the rear wheels relative to the front. This design feature allows you to vary the degree of maneuverability of the machine, depending on operating conditions and the size of the site on which technological operations are carried out.

Disconnection of the link 24 and the lever 25 when fixing the thrust 25 eliminates the influence of the steering on the wheels of the rear axle 8. In this case, the traction vehicle turns into a front-guided by the traditional scheme.

Installation of the screw mechanism 38 allows you to adjust the suspension travel up to the complete elimination of the suspension from work.

Equipping traction means with a winch and a power take-off mechanism for driving a rear power take-off shaft and a winch significantly expands the technological capabilities of the machine, which provides such a feature as versatility for use in various fields.

Traction vehicle in the first embodiment has high qualities of maintainability and maintenance by placing parts of the chassis of the machine in the side members on the outside of the frame and the use of standard components and assemblies of mass-produced cars.

Traction vehicle of universal purpose (Fig. 5, 6) and increased maneuverability and maneuverability according to the second embodiment includes a frame with side members of an open profile, on which are mounted sequentially interconnected drive engine, clutch, gearbox and transfer case, made with output shafts , which are connected with cardan gears with locking differentials of the front and rear driving wheel axles, each of which has a crankcase and is connected to the frame side members, as well as the steering wheel second drive wheels, the wheel suspension and the PTO device including a gearbox mounted with engagement with one of the gears of the last PTO gearbox output shafts which are connected with cardan transmissions kinematic node rear and front PTO shaft drive. It is equipped with a winch located in the area between the bridges, the drive element of which is driven by a cardan drive connected with the kinematic drive unit of the rear power take-off shaft. The open profile of the frame side members is located on the outer side of the frame, the crankcase of each axle is flanged to the vertical flanges of the frame side members on the inner side, the wheel drive shafts are made with flanges for attachment to the wheel and the differential shaft through a hole in the frame side member vertical. All wheels are rotatable and kinematically connected with the steering gear, and the transfer case is made with an additional output shaft for rotating the interchangeable pulleys of the belt drive of the generator or hydraulic pump or cardan drive of these units, and the steering drive includes wheel traction for each wheel one end with the wheel, and the other with the first shoulder of the two-arm pendulum lever, the other shoulders of the pendulum arms of the wheels of one axle are interconnected, with the pendulum on each side the arms of the bridges are pivotally connected to the longitudinal rods, the ends of which are connected to the corresponding shoulders of the pendulum central rocker, which can swing in a vertical plane.

The suspension of each wheel is made of independent torsion lever attachment to the wheel. Independent suspension for each wheel includes a support shaft mounted in the open cavity of the frame spar with two integrated ball bearings mounting the wheel with upper arms and placed in the supports under the lower horizontal shelf of the frame spar with two lower arms connected to the wheel, while the torsion bar the shaft is connected to the frame through the node regulating its rigidity, and the lower levers are connected to the frame through a double-acting shock absorber. To regulate the suspension stroke and turn it off, it is equipped with a hydraulic suspension limiter mounted on the frame in the form of a power cylinder, the movable element of which is made with a fifth to interact with the suspension arms.

The vehicle can be equipped with the same type of hydraulic attachments of the process equipment mounted in the front and rear zones of the frame.

Below is an example of a specific implementation of this version of the vehicle.

Traction vehicle (Fig. 5, 6) contains a drive motor 1, which through a clutch 2, gearbox 3, transfer case 4, through cardan gears 5, drives the wheels 7 of the front and rear axles 8, each equipped with final drives 6. The drive axle 8 comprises a crankcase 9 in which a main gear and a limited slip self-locking differential 10, such as a high-slip cam differential, are mounted. The corresponding differential links 1 0 through the wheel drive shafts 11 are associated with the final gears of 6 wheels 7. The front and rear axles are identical in their design, which favorably affects maintainability and indicates a greater degree of uniformity of design.

The gearbox 3 is kinematically connected with the reverse power take-off 1 2, mounted on the side wall of the gearbox housing 3 in the area of the process window and hooked to the gear of one of the gears of the latter. The output shaft of the power take-off box 1 2 is connected via a cardan drive 1 3 to the kinematic node 1 4 of the drive of the rear power take-off shaft. In the general case, the kinematic node 1 4 is any known gearbox having a series of permanent gearing of at least three gears, one of which is connected directly to the power shaft, and the other is made with an additional output to which the drive winch gearbox can be kinematically connected rope. Alternatively, the winch 15 is located in the zone between the bridges in the internal volume of the frame, which makes it possible to place the cable through the front part of the vehicle or through the rear part when placing the guide roller blocks under the frame. Nothing limits the possibilities and lateral conclusions of the cable with the appropriate arrangement of the guide blocks. Entry winch is not from the outside of the frame, as is traditionally accepted or takes place in the prototype, but in the volume of the frame itself allows you to transfer the tension force of the cable under the center of gravity of the machine and thereby reduce the tilting effect on the machine reactive torque when the tension of the cable.

Gearbox 15 with a winch is equipped with a clutch and a safety device. The transfer box 4 is made with an additional dependent shaft 1 6 power take-off, the speed and direction of rotation of which depend on the gear in the gearbox 3. As an example, the transfer box is dual-band: with direct gear and reduction gear. It is possible to connect and disconnect one bridge or another depending on the operating conditions and the type of supporting surface.

The power take-off shaft 4 of the transfer case 4 is equipped with interchangeable pulleys 40 for driving through a belt drive 41 energy consumers 42 (welding generator, power station, hydraulic pump, etc.). Instead of a belt gear, gear or cardan gear can be used. In this case, by changing gears in the transfer box 4 and in the gearbox 3, the speed and direction of the shaft 16 are changed, and by switching on the neutral gear in the transfer box 4, it is possible to work in a stationary mode to drive energy consumers 42.

In order to exclude the breakdown of the drive shafts of the kinematic connection of the power takeoff box 1 2 with the node 1 4, it is advisable to install an adjustable limit torque safety clutch 43 in this kinematic connection, which can be structurally performed in any standard design (cam, friction, etc.).

To expand the functionality of the drive additional technological units, located outside the vehicle, the power take-off 1 2 is made with an additional output shaft, kinematically connected by cardan transmission 44 with the front power take-off shaft. Considering the possibility of using mobile power equipment in agriculture, where some agrotechnical processes are associated with the need to drive a technological unit running in parallel with a traction vehicle, at least one output shaft of the power take-off box is made with an additional lowering bevel angle gear 45, from which drive side power take-off. A possible example is shown in FIG. 6 by a dotted line, when both output shafts of power take-off 12 are made with reducing angle gears to provide drive of side power take-off shafts on opposite sides of the frame.

FIG. 7 shows the kinematic diagram of the steering mechanism to ensure the rotation of all wheels and increase the maneuverability of the vehicle. With the bipod 1 7 steering associated valve 18, hydraulically communicated through a safety valve and filter with pump 19, receiving rotation directly from the toe of the crankshaft of the drive engine 1 (see. Fig. 6). The spool rod 20 of the hydraulic distributor through the pendulum arms 21 and the wheel rods 22 is connected to the wheels 7. The kinematic connection of the wheels of the front and rear axles is provided by transverse rods 23, longitudinal rods 46, 47 and the central pendulum beam 48 with rocking of the shoulders in the vertical plane, through which the rods 46 and 47 are related. The control valve 18 is hydraulically communicated with the executive cylinder 26 of the steering enhancement mechanism.

The kinematic steering scheme realizes the turning of the wheels of the rear and front axles in different directions, which ensures high maneuverability of the traction equipment. In this case, the kinematic connection of the pulleys through the central beam 48 provides for an increase in the angles of rotation of the wheels in comparison with other schemes.

If necessary, it is possible to turn off the steering of the rear axle wheels, which is done by opening the link between the thrust 47 and the yoke 48 and then fixing the thrust 47 from movement, which will prevent the rear axle's wheels from turning spontaneously. At the same time, the front wheels do not lose controllability and operate in an independent independent mode. FIG. 7 disabling steering from the rear wheels is not shown.

The implementation of the longitudinal frame elements in the form of spars 27 with an open profile outward allows you to successfully place the elements of the suspension and steering in a common node, shown, as a variant, in FIG. 8. Wheels 7 are connected to the frame side members by means of an independent torsion suspension, which includes upper 28 interconnected and equipped with a ball bearing 49 for fastening the wheel levers and lower levers 29 fixed in the supports 30. In the lower supports 30 there is a torsion shaft 32 connected lower arms 29 with wheels 7 and by means of a sealing unit 33 of the torsion shaft with a lower shelf of the longitudinal frame member. When this site seal 33 is configured to adjust the stiffness of the torsion shaft 32.

The supports 30 are located under the lower horizontal shelf of the longitudinal frame member, and the supports 31 are made in the cavity of the open profile of the spar 27. In the area between the levers in the vertical shelf of the longitudinal element there is a hole 50 for the passage of the wheel drive shafts 11 and an opening for the passage of the steering levers. With the steering mechanism, the wheels 7 are connected by means of wheel barriers 22, transverse barriers 23, interconnected by pendulum levers 21 placed on the shaft of the support 34 fixed on the bracket 35 of the side member 27.

To improve the smoothness of the course, a double-acting shock absorber 51 is mounted on the longitudinal frame member, the lower support of which is fixed on the lower control arms and the upper one on the longitudinal frame member.

From the drive axle 8, the torque through the wheel drive shafts 11 is transmitted to the drive wheel 7. The wheel 7 (see FIG. 9) is fixed by means of the lower 29 and upper 28 levers and rubber-metal hinges 36 in the support brackets 30 and 31. For ease of assembly and disassembly drive axles of their crankcases 9 are fixed through removable semi21 rings 37 with their flanges 52 on the vertical parts of the side members.

To regulate the suspension travel and turn it off, it is provided with a hydraulic travel stop mounted on the frame in the form of a power cylinder 53, the movable element of which is made from the fifth 39 to interact with the upper suspension arms.

The housing of the hydraulic cylinder 53 is fixed on the frame side member with a bracket. The distance between the upper arms 28 and the fifth 39 determines the suspension travel, and the introduction of the heel into direct contact with the upper arms leads to a forced deactivation of the suspension.

The traction vehicle is equipped in the front and rear transverse parts of the frame with attachment mechanisms 54 (Fig. 5, 10) of the standard hydraulic type for attachment, for example, in the front area of the dump blade 55. The attachment for the front part of the frame and for the rear is chosen the same . The linkage mechanism in the rear part of the cross member of the frame can be used to rotate and tilt the body 56 pivotally mounted on the axis 57 of the linkage rotation, the body of which is connected to the pivot arm through linkage 58, which can be easily dismantled due to uncoupling the hinge joint both in the body area and in junction with the pivot arm of the hitch mechanism. This mount provides a reliable position of the body and eliminates backlash movement when raising or lowering.

Instead of a body, a skidding table can be used to load a whip with a cable from a winch and to transport trunks with subsequent unloading. A fifth wheel coupling can be installed to tow semi-trailers. These technological equipment shifts became possible due to the fact that the entire transmission and shafts with a winch are located in a volume bounded by the frame, which frees up the overbar space for mounting any type of equipment.

Traction vehicle according to the second embodiment is as follows.

The torque from the drive engine 1 through the included clutch 2 and the selected gear in the gearbox 3 is fed to the input of the transfer case 4, where it branches out through the cardan gears 5 to the inputs of the main gears of the driving axles 8. Through the differential differentials 1 0, the moment goes to the final ones gears 6 drives the drive wheels 7. Depending on the coupling conditions in the contact of the drive wheels with the ground, either a differential connection of the drive wheels of one bridge between them is provided, or a locked connection, if one of the wheels shed on land with a small coefficient of adhesion. The transfer box 4 forms the conditions for the drive of bridges by switching on direct or low gears.

Independent suspension of all wheels and the presence of double-sided shock absorbers provides not only increased smoothness and stability of the movement of the mobile energy vehicle over the relief terrain, but also increases the permeability of this vehicle.

The heading direction of movement of the traction vehicle is determined by the position of the driving wheels relative to the longitudinal plane of the vehicle and the steering elements. In the case of rectilinear motion, the position of the steering elements is shown in FIG. 3. When turning with all the steered wheels, turning the steering links leads to the fact that the wheels on one side are angled to each other, which significantly increases the maneuverability of the car. The execution of the associated upper arms has a favorable effect on increasing the angle of rotation of the wheels, when the pendulum rocker is disconnected from the thrust 47, the mobile device turns from full-turn into front-slewing according to the traditional pattern.

Installing a hydraulic travel stop with a control from the driver's cab 59 allows you to adjust the suspension travel to its complete shutdown, which significantly expands the operational capabilities of the vehicle.

Equipping a vehicle with a winch and a system of front, rear and side power take-offs significantly expands the technological capabilities of the machine, which provides such a property as versatility for use in various fields. Equipping the machine with interchangeable pulleys of a belt drive of a generator or hydraulic pump allows to obtain a stationary power generation unit (for example, for welding in the field) or a pumping station. The change of pulleys determines the adaptability of the transfer case to various conditions dictated by the parameters of the technological device used.

The traction vehicle according to the third embodiment (Fig. 11, 1 2) contains a rectangular frame, on which are mounted sequentially interconnected drive motor, clutch, gearbox and transfer box, made with output shafts, which are connected by cardan gears with front differentials and rear drive axles, through the suspension connected to the frame side members, the steering wheel drive and the power take-off device, which is mounted on the gearbox with gearing with one of the pole The last is the last power take-off box, the output shafts of which are connected with the drive units of the rear and front power take-off shafts by cardan gears. There is an adjustable limit torque safety clutch located in the kinematic connection of at least one PTO shaft to the PTO shaft. The power take-off box is made with an additional output shaft for the drive of the power steering pump, which is common to the pivoting wheels of the front and rear axles. The hydraulic pump is connected to the toe of the crankshaft of the drive engine through a shut-off clutch. The bridges are connected to the frame side members with longitudinal springs. In this case, the steering wheel drive includes two steering gear frames located on the outer side of one of the side members with bipods and input shafts, a bevel gearbox with one input and two output shafts, a coupling for disabling the rear axle drive drive, equipped with a hydraulic booster valve, rear longitudinal traction, two transverse thrust, located on the outside of the other longitudinal frame member hydraulic cylinders of the reinforcing mechanism of the front and rear axles, stopper fur measuring the fixing of the rear axle, the steering wheel shaft connected to the input shaft of the bevel gear, one of the output shafts of which is connected to the input shaft of the front axle steering mechanism, whose bipod is connected to the front longitudinal thrust and the second output shaft through the shut-off clutch and locking locking mechanism associated with the steering mechanism of the rear axle, the bipod of which is connected with the longitudinal rear axle.

The vehicle is equipped with an additional gearbox located in the zone between the bridges in the internal volume of the frame, the drive element of which is connected with the drive unit of the rear PTO shaft and the output element with a sweeping brush or a winch with a cable.

And the transfer case is made with an additional output shaft for the drive in dependent mode via a belt or chain drive of a generator or hydraulic pump.

On the frame there are elements of installation of a hydraulic hitch mechanism for installation of process equipment.

The following is an example of a specific performance of this vehicle.

Traction vehicle contains mounted on a rectangular frame, composed of longitudinal spars open profile, connected by crossbars, drive motor 1, connected via clutch 2 to gearbox 3, transmitting torque to transfer case 4, oppositely located output shafts which cardan gears 5 transmit rotation and the load to the final gears 6 of the drive wheels 7 of the front and rear drive axles 8. Each drive axle 8 contains a crankcase 9, in which the main front axle is mounted. Cha and differential units 10. The corresponding differential 10 through a half-line 11 are connected with end gears wheels 6, 7. In general, the final gear 6 constituting side gear increase torque transmitted to the wheels, there may not be. The need for them is primarily due to the technical task of using the vehicle itself. The front and rear axles are identical in design with swiveling drive wheels, which favorably affects maintainability and indicates a greater degree of unification of the structure. Drive axles are connected with longitudinal frame elements by springs arranged longitudinally.

The gearbox 3 is kinematically connected with the reverse power take-off 1 2, mounted on the side wall of the gearbox housing 3 in the area of the process window and hooked to the gear of one of the gears of the latter. One output shaft of the power take-off 1 2, which provides semi-independent power take-off, is connected via a cardan transmission 1 3 to the kinematic node 1 4 of the rear power take-off drive shaft. In the general case, the kinematic node 1 4 is any known gearbox having a number of permanent gears of at least three gears, one of which is connected directly to the rear power take-off shaft, and the other is made with an additional output to which kinematically it is possible to attach an additional gearbox 1 5 drive or winch with a cable, or a brush, which is used for wide-front sweeping of streets. As an option, the additional gearbox 1 5 is located in the zone between the bridges in the internal volume of the frame, which makes it possible to minimize the kinematic drive chains of the adjacent fixed brush. When using a winch with the release of the cable under the frame on the guide rollers, it is possible to ensure the withdrawal of the cable through the front part, and through the rear part of the vehicle. Nothing limits the possibilities and lateral conclusions of the cable. The gearbox 1 5 for the brush can be equipped with a clutch and a safety device to prevent the transfer of peak loads to the kinematic nodes.

The transfer box 4 is made with an additional dependent shaft 1 6 power take-off, the speed and direction of rotation of which depend on the gear in the gearbox 3. As an example, the transfer box is dual-band with direct transmission and reduction gear. It may be possible to connect and disconnect one bridge or another depending on the operating conditions and the type of supporting surface.

The power take-off shaft 16 of the transfer case 4 is equipped with a pulley 40 (or interchangeable pulleys) for driving via a belt drive 41 autonomous consumers 42 of mechanical or electrical energy (welding generator, power station, hydraulic pump, etc.). When using instead of a chain drive 41, the pulley 40 is replaced with an asterisk. It is quite possible to use instead of a belt or chain drive cardan drive transmission of energy consumers. Switching gears in the transfer box 4 and in the gearbox 3 provides a change in the speed and direction of rotation of the shaft 1 6, and by switching on the neutral gear in the transfer box it is possible to work in a stationary mode to drive consumers 42.

In order to avoid the breakdown of the kinematic shafts of the power take-off of the power take-off 1 2 with the node 1 4, it is advisable to install an adjustable limit torque safety clutch 43 in this kinematic connection, which can be made in any standard design (cam, friction, etc.).

FIG. 13 shows the kinematic scheme of the steering drive to ensure the rotation of all wheels and increase the maneuverability of the transport chassis. The shaft of the steering wheel 60 is connected to the input gear of a bevel gear 61, with which two bevel gears are hooked, respectively connected by a shaft and cardan gear with the front 62 and rear 63 steering mechanisms. In connection with the output gear with the rear steering gear, a rear wheel control shut-off clutch 64 is installed, made with the function of locking the propeller shaft at the position of the rear wheels corresponding to the straight-line movement of the vehicle. The front steering mechanism is connected with the front wheel by a front longitudinal wheel 65, and the rear steering wheel is connected to a rear wheel by a rear longitudinal wheel 66. Between the steering wheels of one axle are connected via levers 67 by a transverse rod 23.

All elements and components of the steering actuator are mounted on the outer side of the frame side spar from one side and are located in the zone between the longitudinally mounted springs and wheels. Power support units are mounted directly on the frame. This design allows you to free up the internal space of the frame for the installation of power units of the kinematic drive chains of the drive wheels and process equipment. On the other side of the frame in the same area along the other spar mounted hydraulic cylinders 26 of the hydraulic booster, having a corresponding control connection with the valve 68 of the hydraulic booster of the steering actuator.

This design of the steering actuator provides simultaneous rotation of all wheels of the transport chassis in such a way that the wheels of one side are at an angle to each other, which increases the maneuverability of the chassis and allows it to be used on small-sized platforms. If necessary, and when the chassis is moving at transport speeds to increase driving stability, it is possible to turn off the rear axle steering mechanism due to the action of the coupling 64, which is locked only if the rear wheels are located strictly parallel to the longitudinal vertical plane of the chassis. The execution of such a coupling is standard and therefore does not require further clarification.

The chassis is equipped in the rear area of the frame on the crossbars with a standard type 54 hydraulic hitch mechanism for installing mounted equipment. Such a mechanism of attachment can be mounted in the front area of the chassis frame. For fastening the mechanism of the hinge on the frame mounted elements of the connection.

FIG. 11 shows an example of the creation of a side-by-side harvesting machine for public utilities on the basis of a universal transport chassis. A cab 59 and an onboard body 56 are installed on the chassis. A plow or a dump blade 55 and a sweeping brush 69 are mounted on the attachment mechanisms, for example, for wide-frontal cleaning of garbage and dust. It is also possible to place the brush in the area under the frame between the bridges. In this case, the drive brush is from the additional gear 15.

Traction transport chassis for the third embodiment is operated as follows.

The torque from the drive engine 1 through the included clutch 2 and the selected gear in the gearbox 3 is fed to the input of the transfer case 4, where it branches out through the cardan gears 5 to the inputs of the main gears of the driving axles 8. Through the differentials 1 0 the moment enters the half axle 11 drive wheel drive 7. Depending on the coupling conditions in the drive wheel contact with the ground in the transfer case, the drive mode of all wheels or wheels of only one axle in direct or low gear is formed.

The heading direction of movement of the transport chassis is determined by the position of the driving wheels and steering gear elements. When turning with all the steered wheels, turning the steering gear units causes the wheels on one side to be angled to each other, which significantly increases the maneuverability of the chassis in cramped conditions. When the rear steering gear is turned off, the full-turn chassis turns into a front-slewing chassis using the traditional pattern.

Equipping the chassis with an additional gearbox and a system of front and rear power take-off shafts significantly expands the technological capabilities of the machine, which provides such a property as versatility for use in various fields. Equipping the machine with an additional power take-off from the transfer case for driving a generator or hydraulic pump allows you to get a stationary installation for self-contained power supply to consumers.

The multi-purpose traction vehicle (FIGS. 14-16) of the fourth embodiment includes a rectangular frame, driving axles sprung relative to the frame, driving wheels at least one of which are turning, cab, steering wheels, including steering gear with hydraulic booster, connected with the arm of the steering knuckle of the front axle and kinematically with the bipod of the rear axle, also performed with the function of blocking the rotation of the wheels of the rear axle, transmission, including a guide mounted on the frame and serially coupled between a drive motor, clutch, gearbox and transfer gearbox drive said bridges, the hydraulic system and the system power consumers front and zadneraspolozhennyh PTO shafts, as well as front and rear hitch mechanism of the process equipment. The transmission includes an additional transfer case, the input shaft of which is connected to the output of the gearbox, and one of the output shafts - to the input of the main transfer case.

The steering of the wheels, made with the function of locking the rotation of the wheels of the rear axle, includes a power steering mechanism connected to the front axle steering knob lever and kinematically with the rear axle bipod, and the kinematic link includes additional steering mechanisms for each axle, inverse interconnected cardan transmission and through pivotally interconnected bipods and longitudinal thrusts - with levers of steering knuckles of bridges, kingpin of the rear axle in the longitudinal plane n the front axle bolt is bent towards, and the bipod coupling of the additional steering mechanism for the rear axle with the longitudinal rod associated with the steering knuckle lever of this axle is located in the center of the swing of the rear axle suspension, disconnected from the steering wheel lever longitudinal thrust of one of the bridges attached to the frame. The transverse linkage of the steering linkage of the rear pivot axle is connected with an additional power steering.

And the hydraulic power supply system of the consumers includes a hydraulic pump driven from the engine, communicated with a three-section hydraulic valve, each controlled section of which is communicated with a separate consumer group, while for the circuit of at least one section in the main supply line of each consumer from the group a controlled two-position valve is installed, with this controls these valves interlocked with each other.

Below is an example of a specific implementation.

Traction vehicle (Fig. 141 6) contains a rectangular frame with spars 27, on which cabin 59 is located in the front zone, and the space behind the cab is used to install work equipment such as vacuum cleaner 70 (Fig. 14) or onboard lifting body 56 (Fig . 15). The spare wheel 71 is located behind the cab in front of the working equipment.

The frame of rectangular type from the inside of the directional open profile is the basic element for mounting the front, mounted on springs 72, leading and controlled bridge 8 with swivel wheels 7, and rear, similar to the front, bridge, also made with swivel wheels. Both bridges are turned by the main gear inlets towards each other, while the kingpin 73 of the front axle is mounted in the longitudinal plane at the back angle (see FIG. 20) at an angle a according to the standard scheme, and the rear axle 74 is inclined on the same plane angle towards the front axle pivot. Such an installation of axles with steerable swivel wheels allows, with a sprung pattern, to ensure directional stability at sufficiently high transport speeds without the need to lock the rear wheels.

A standard front attachment mechanism 54 of technological equipment driven by hydraulic cylinders 75 is fixed in the front part of the frame, and a standard rear rear attachment mechanism 54 driven by hydraulic cylinder 76 is fixed in the rear part of the frame to work with technological equipment, for example, of a sweeping brush or other type used in utilities.

The traction vehicle (Fig. 1 7) transmission includes a drive motor 1, located in the front of the frame, connected to it in series with the clutch 2 and the gearbox 3, the output shaft of which is a car29 with this transmission connected with the first controlled transfer case 4, one of the output shafts of which is connected to the input of the second controlled transfer case 77, which provides the drive for the front and rear drive axles 8. Other outputs of the first transfer case 4 are power take-off shafts.

FIG. 1 7 and 1 8 also shows the kinematic diagram of the system of front- and rear-mounted power take-off shafts. The shafts are driven from a switchable power transmission box 12, mounted in the zone of the gearbox process window and receiving torque from one of the kinematic transmission chains of the gearbox 3. From the power box, driveline 44 is moved to the front of the frame to provide front power take-off. In the area of the rear part of the frame, the cardan transmission 1 3 is brought out of this box to ensure rear power take-off. As the front power take-off, a winch 78 with a shut-off assembly or a splined shaft 79 (FIG. 18) can be used. As an example of a rear power take-off gearbox 1 4 is shown for driving a splined shaft 80.

The use of two transfer boxes of standard design, used for transport vehicles, made it possible to obtain low travel speeds at which the process equipment operates.

The steering for the wheels 7 of both axles 8 (FIGS. 19, 21) includes a steering wheel 60 with a main front steering mechanism 62 connected to the knuckle arm 81 of the front axle wheel. The steering mechanism 62 is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder 26 of the hydraulic booster. For the implementation of the synchronous drive rotation of the front and rear wheels of the axles steering is equipped with additional steering mechanisms 82, inversely interconnected cardan drive 83, located along the side member of the frame with its inner side. The output elements of these steering mechanisms associated with bipod 84, pivotally connected with the longitudinal rods 66, connected with the levers 81 of the steering knuckles of the axles. At the same time, the rear axle is also equipped with a hydraulic booster of the hydraulic booster.

The steering kinematics ensures that the wheels of one side are turned in the direction of turning towards each other, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 19. Such a turning scheme provides increased maneuverability and the possibility of a turn in cramped conditions.

Steering provides for blocking the rotation of the rear wheels by disconnecting it from the steering mechanism 62. The blocking is performed, for example, by disconnecting the longitudinal thrust 66 from the steering knuckle arm 81 (Fig. 21). The free end of the thrust is fixed in the heel 85 on the frame. Such shutdown can be made in a zone of the forward bridge.

To eliminate the influence of the swing of the sprung bridge on the steering mechanism, the longitudinal thrust 66 of each bridge is connected with a hinge 84, while the hinge is placed in the center of the swing center of the sprung bridge. Thus, the movement of the bridge causes the swinging of the longitudinal thrust around the hinge of its connection with the bipod, but without transferring efforts to the steering mechanism.

The hydraulic system (Fig. 22) of the power supply includes a hydraulic pump 19 fixed to the drive on the crankshaft of the drive engine 1 (Fig. 1) and communicated with a sectional hydraulic valve 86, each section of which is controlled and communicated with its group of consumers. For example, the first section communicates with the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 87 for lifting the body and the hydraulic cylinder 76 for raising and lowering the rear linkage, the middle section of the hydraulic distributor 86 communicates with the hydraulic cylinders 75 for lifting the front linkage and the hydraulic cylinders 88 for the attachment. At the same time, at least one section (in the two sections shown in Fig. 22) is equipped with controlled on-off valves 89 for each consumer installed in the communication circuit of the control valve with consumers. Valve controls 89 can be interlocked.

Such execution provides control of each consumer, the possibility of its disconnection and eliminates the influence of the work of one group of consumers on the work of another group of consumers.

The traction vehicle according to the fourth embodiment is operated in the usual way for this type of multifunctional means. Features of the tool and its design changes do not affect the functioning of the machine as a vehicle. The introduced changes allow to improve the operational performance of a multifunctional machine for public utilities in terms of its maneuverability, increase driving stability at transport speeds without blocking the rotation of the rear axle wheels, ensuring the so-called creeping speeds for working with technological equipment and maintainability through the use of mass-produced units and components other vehicles.

FIG. 23-27 the fifth embodiment of the traction vehicle is presented.

A frame (not shown) of a rectangular type from inside the directional open profile is the basic element for mounting a front mounted and spring-mounted drive axle 8 with swivel wheels 7, and a rear, similar to the front axle, also made with swivel wheels. Both axles are deployed by the entrances of the main gears towards each other, while the kingpin of the front axle is set in the longitudinal plane tilted back at an angle а according to the standard scheme, and the pin of the rear axle is tilted at the same plane at the same angle towards the pin of the front axle. Such an installation of axles with steerable swivel wheels allows, with a sprung pattern, to ensure directional stability at sufficiently high transport speeds without the need to lock the rear wheels.

The towing vehicle transmission (FIG. 23) includes a drive motor 1 located in the front part of the frame, a coupling 2 and a gearbox 3 connected in series with the output shaft of which is connected to the first controlled transfer box 4, one of the output shaft which is connected to the input of the second controlled transfer case 77, which provides a drive front and rear axles 8. Other outputs of the first transfer case 4 are the PTO.

A standard front hitch mechanism of the process equipment is attached to the front of the frame of the traction vehicle, and a standard rear hitch mechanism is fixed at the rear of the frame to work with technological equipment, such as a sweeping brush or other type used in the public utilities.

FIG. 23 also shows a kinematic diagram of a system of front and rear mounted power take-off shafts. The shafts are driven from a disconnected drive power take-off 1 2 mounted in the zone of the process window 90 (Fig. 25) of gearbox 3 and receiving torque from one of the kinematic chains of the gearbox gear 3. From power take-off 1 2 is brought to the front area frame parts cardan transmission 44 to ensure the front of the power take-off. In the area of the rear part of the frame, the cardan transmission 1 3 is brought out of this box from at least one cardan shaft to ensure rear power take-off. As the front power take-off, a winch 78 or a splined front-mounted shaft 79 (FIG. 24) of the power take-off can be used. As an example of a rear power take-off, gearbox 1 4 is shown for driving a splined rear-mounted power take-off shaft 80.

The power take-off box 12 (FIG. 25) is made as an independent separate unit having a housing 91 in which a shaft 92 is mounted with a gear 93 which is kinematically connected to one of the gears of the transmission 3 through the connector of the process window 90. The shaft 92 is pulled out of the housing with their ends. One end of this shaft is connected to at least one cardan shaft of the cardan drive 13 of the drive of the rear-mounted power take-off shaft, and the other is connected to the front-mounted power take-off shaft through a controlled gear coupling 94 movably mounted on the splined end of the shaft 92. The control body 95 ensures the position this clutch due to its movement. In one of the positions, the gear clutch connects the shaft 92 with the drive shaft of the front-mounted power take-off shaft, and in the other, disconnects these shafts, disabling this power take-off shaft. In this case, the control body 95 of the gear coupling is brought into the exit zone of the front-mounted power take-off shaft and is located at the outer front of the vehicle (not shown). Gear 93 shaft power take-off can also be performed with the mobility of the shaft 92, which will ensure the complete shutdown of all power take-off shafts.

Managed gear coupling 94 is made in a separate housing 96, which is attached to the housing 90 of the power take-off in the area of the bearing support 97 of the protruding end of the shaft 92. The housing 96 at the attachment point is made with an annular collar 98 to preload the bearing support 97 and acts as a cover for this bearing , providing the possibility of lubrication of both the coupling and the bearing support from the common oil bath.

The steering (FIG. 27) for the swivel wheels 7 of the front and rear axles of an all-wheel drive traction vehicle includes a steering wheel 60 with a main steering mechanism 62 connected to the knuckle arm 81 of the front axle wheel. The steering mechanism 62 is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder 26 of the hydraulic booster. For the implementation of the synchronous drive rotation of the front and rear wheels of the axles steering is equipped with additional steering mechanisms 82, inversely interconnected cardan drive 83, located along the side member of the frame with its inner side. The output elements of these steering mechanisms associated with bipod 84, pivotally connected with the longitudinal rods 66, connected with the levers 81 of the steering knuckles of the axles. In this case, the rear axle is also equipped with a hydraulic cylinder 26 of the power steering.

The steering kinematics ensures that the wheels of one side are turned in the direction of turning towards each other, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 27. Such a turning scheme provides increased maneuverability and the possibility of a turn in cramped conditions. To eliminate the influence of the swing of the sprung bridge on the steering mechanism, the longitudinal thrust 66 of each bridge is connected with a hinge 84, while this hinge is located in the center of the swing center of the sprung bridge. Thus, movements of the bridge cause swinging of the longitudinal thrust around the hinge of its connection with the bipod, but without transferring efforts to the steering mechanism.

The steering system provides for blocking the rotation of the rear wheels by disconnecting it from the steering mechanism 62. For this, the additional steering mechanism 82 of the rear axle is connected to the cardan drive 83 via the controlled gear coupling 99, which is closed to the coupling housing 1 00, connected to the steering gear housing 82 when disconnected Communication with the driveline to block the rotation of the wheels of the rear axle. The clutch 99 is made controlled by the control body 1 01, providing by moving the gear clutch 99 its first position (Fig. 28), in which the toothed crown of the clutch engages the input shaft of the additional steering mechanism 82 with the cardan shaft of the cardan gear 83 (rotation mode of all wheels all bridges), and its second position, in which the coupling 99 disconnects the connection with the cardan drive 83 and closes the body (this position of the coupling corresponds to the position of the elements of Fig. 28). In the second position of the clutch, the entire steering device of the rear axle is detached, while the rear axle wheels are stabilized in a non-rotary position by fixing all the swivel links to the stationary body of the additional steering mechanism 82. The second clutch position allows the traction vehicle to move at transport speeds above 30 km / h without loss of exchange rate stability.

The control 01 01 gear coupling in the second position of the coupling (ie when the rear axle steering is disconnected) interacts kinematically with the contact switch 1 02 of the control circuit of the power supply system of hydraulic cylinders 26 of the hydraulic boosters, ensuring locking of the control cavities of the hydraulic booster associated with the transverse steering rod 23 rear axle.

The movable clutch 99 is made with asymmetrical elements that allow it to close to the body only when the wheels of the rear axle are positioned to move in a straight line.

The power supply system of hydraulic boosters (see Fig. 27) includes a standard spool-type hydraulic valve 103, which is connected to the inputs with a source of pressure 1 04 of the working fluid by the drain and the outlets - with control cavities made in the form of power hydraulic cylinders of the hydraulic boosters. At the same time, the communication of the valve valve with the hydraulic cylinders 26 is carried out through an additional valve 105, the control positions of which are determined by the on or off position of the contact switch 102. When the gear coupling 99 is disconnected and snapped to the case, the control element 1 01 acts on the contact switch 1 02, which provides translation distributor in another position in which the locking of the control cavities of the hydraulic cylinder.

Alternatively, it is proposed to place the control body of the gear coupling 99 in the cab of the traction means, and to move the movable element of this coupling, for example, mechanically with the switching element of the additional distributor 105.

Traction vehicle is operated in the usual way for this type of multi-functional tools. The introduced changes allow to improve the operational performance of a multifunctional machine for public utilities in terms of its maneuverability, increase driving stability at transport speeds without blocking the rotation of the rear axle wheels, ensuring the so-called creeping speeds for working with technological equipment and maintainability through the use of mass-produced units and components other vehicles.

The traction vehicle of universal purpose and increased maneuverability and maneuverability according to the sixth variant of execution in terms of the frame, transmission, assembly of units on the frame, power take-off system repeats the scheme shown in FIG. 6 and therefore is not described in detail (in the part of the detailed description, refer to the performance of the traction vehicle according to the second variant).

The steering system for this traction means is shown in FIG. 29. The steering for the swivel wheels 7 of the front and rear axles of the towing means includes a steering wheel with a main steering mechanism 62, connected by a pulley 1 06 with a lever 81, an associated brake 107 with a steering knuckle 1 08 wheels of the front axle. The steering mechanism 62 is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder 26 of the hydraulic booster. For the implementation of the synchronous drive rotation of the front and rear wheels of the axles steering is equipped with additional steering mechanisms 82, inversely interconnected cardan drive 83, located along the side member of the frame with its inner side. The output elements of these steering mechanisms associated with bipod, pivotally connected with the longitudinal rods 66, connected with the levers 81 of the steering axle wheels. In this case, the rear axle is also equipped with a hydraulic cylinder 26 of the power steering.

The steering kinematics ensures that the wheels of one side are turned in the direction of turning towards each other, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 29. This turning scheme provides increased maneuverability and the possibility of a turn in cramped conditions.

The steering system provides for blocking the rotation of the rear wheels by disconnecting it from the steering mechanism 62. For this, the additional steering mechanism 82 of the rear axle is connected to the cardan drive 83 via the controlled gear coupling 99, which is closed to the coupling housing connected to the steering gear housing 82 when the connection with the cardan drive to block the rotation of the rear axle wheels. Clutch 99 is made controlled by the control body 101, which, by moving the gear clutch 99, is its first position, in which the gear ring of the clutch engages the input shaft of the additional steering mechanism 82 with the cardan shaft of the driveline 83 (rotation mode of all wheels of all axles) and its the second position in which the clutch 99 separates the connection with the cardan drive 83 and closes the housing. In the second position of the clutch, the entire steering device of the rear axle is detached, while the rear axle wheels are stabilized in a non-rotary position by fixing all the swivel links to the stationary body of the additional steering mechanism 82. The second clutch position allows the traction vehicle to move at transport speeds above 30 km / h without loss of exchange rate stability.

The control of the gear coupling is located in the cabin of the traction vehicle and is kinematically connected with an additional distributor 105, which provides the function of locking the control cavities of the hydraulic cylinder 26 of the rear axle. The additional hydraulic valve 1 05 is designed with a four-line spool two-position valve with mechanical control.

The power supply system of hydraulic boosters includes a standard spool-type hydraulic valve 103, which is connected to the inputs with a source of pressure 104 of the working fluid by drain and outlets - with control cavities made in the form of power hydraulic cylinders 26 of the hydraulic boosters. At the same time, the communication of the valve of the distributor 1 03 with the hydraulic cylinders 26 is carried out through an additional distributor 105, the control positions of which are determined by the on or off position of the gear coupling 99.

The suspension of all wheels for this version repeats the suspension of the torsion type for the traction means according to the second variant. The same applies to the decision to fasten the crankcase of bridges to the vertical parts of the frame side members.

For this embodiment, the traction means in FIG. 30 shows a hydraulic power supply circuit for external consumers, which can also be considered as a hydraulic power take-off system, made with the function of hydraulic shutdown of hydraulic pumps in the mode of driving them into rotation from transmission elements.

The hydraulic power take-off system includes a sectional control valve 109, the pressure hydraulic line of which is connected to the hydraulic pump 110, and the drain valve is connected through a filtration system with a hydraulic tank. Pressure and drain lines are interconnected by an adjustable crane device 111, which allows, when closed, disengages pressure and drain lines, providing a normal power supply for consumers, and when open, communicates pressure lines from the drain, excluding the possibility of powering consumers by turning off the hydraulic pump 110 from the valve 109. The output of each section of the valve 1 09 communicates with the appropriate consumer, for example, the hydraulic cylinders 112 lifting the rear mounted equipment, hydraulic cylinder 113 lifting dump blade or hydraulic cylinder 114 lifting body. A part of the sections are communicated by hydraulic lines with crane machines 115 for connecting external consumers, which are not the standard equipment of the traction vehicle. The system can be equipped with an additional hydraulic pump 116, the pressure and discharge hydraulic lines of which can be communicated with each other also by an adjustable crane device 117 designed to shut off this hydraulic pump from an additional adjustable multi-position valve 118 connecting external consumers.

Adjustable chokes with check valves, indicated in FIG. 30 position 119.

To ensure ultra-low operating speeds, the transmission of the traction vehicle according to the latest version is supplemented with a hydraulic creeper, shown in FIG. 31.

The hydraulic creeper includes a hydraulic pump 1 20, the pressure line of which is connected, on the one hand, via an adjustable throttle to the drain line, and on the other hand, to the input of a controlled reversible two-position four-line distributor, which is connected to the hydraulic motor 122, whose shaft is connected through a controlled coupling 123 with one of the shafts of the transfer case connected by the output shafts with the main gears of the axles of the traction means.

This creeper can be used in the transmission of the traction vehicle according to any of the options considered, if the transfer case used in the transmission for a particular variant has the ability to connect to one of its shafts.

Industrial Applicability

The present invention allows you to create a universal mobile energy vehicle with high qualities of maintainability and maintenance, as well as a wide operational purpose. Increased maneuverability and maneuverability allow you to use the machine in almost any conditions and in any territorial regions.

The present invention is industrially applicable. To expand the functionality of the drive additional technological units located outside the traction vehicle, the power take-off and transmission scheme are designed for use in the units and units of currently converted equipment and commercially available units and units of the tractor and automotive engineering.

Claims (24)

CLAIM 1. A traction vehicle comprising a rectangular-shaped frame with open side members, on which a drive motor, a clutch, a gearbox and a transfer case are arranged sequentially interconnected, made with output shafts, cardan transmissions connected with lockable differentials of the front and rear drive axles, each of which has a crankcase associated with the frame side members, as well as a steering wheel drive, a wheel suspension and a power take-off device including a gearbox mounted gear box gearing with one of the gears of the last power take-off reducer, cardan gear connected to the kinematic assembly of the rear power take-off drive, characterized in that it is equipped with a winch located in the area between the axles in the internal volume of the frame, the drive element of which is connected by the cardan gear to the kinematic by the drive unit of the rear power take-off shaft, the open profile of the side members is located on the outside of the frame, the crankcase of each bridge is flanged to the vertical walls of the side members from the inside the front side of the frame, and the wheel drive shafts from the differential are passed through the holes in the vertical walls of the side members and are connected to the wheels through final drives, the suspension of each wheel is made torsion-independent on four levers of attachment to the wheel, while all the wheels are rotary and kinematically connected to the steering drive configured to disable the wheels of the rear axle and fix the latter relative to the frame, oriented along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, the steering gear includes for each wheel I have a wheel link connected at one end to the wheel and the other to the first shoulder of the two shoulders of the pendulum arm, the other shoulders of the pendulum arms of the wheels of one axle are linked by a link with each other, each pendulum arm on one side connected to the arm, and the levers by articulated traction are interconnected, with one of the levers of the last mentioned, the spool rod of the steering control valve is kinematically connected, and the other lever in the rear axle area of the last of which is made of variable length They are used to adjust the angle of rotation of the rear wheels and is equipped with a locking mechanism when disconnecting communication with the steering elements of the front axle, moreover, the power hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic booster hydraulically connected to the steering control valve is pivotally connected to one of the swingarm levers. 2. Traction means according to claim 1, characterized in that the transfer case is made with a power take-off shaft for driving the consumer in a dependent mode. 3. The traction means according to claim 1, characterized in that the independent suspension for each wheel includes a support shaft mounted in the open cavity of the spar with two levers of communication with the wheel and placed in the supports under the lower horizontal shelf of the spar of the torsion shaft carrying two levers of communication with a wheel and connected to this shelf through a seal assembly with stiffness adjustment elements of this shaft. 4. The traction means according to claim 3, characterized in that for adjusting the suspension travel and turning it off, it is additionally equipped with a screw mechanism fixed to the frame, the vertically movable element of which is made with a stop for interaction with the suspension elements. 5. The traction means according to claim 1, characterized in that the control valve is in communication with a hydraulic pump with a direct drive of rotation from the toe of the crankshaft of the drive motor. 6. A traction vehicle comprising a frame with open profile side members, on which a drive motor, a clutch, a gearbox and a transfer case are arranged sequentially interconnected, made with output shafts, which are connected by cardan gears to the locked differential of the front and rear drive wheel axles, each of which has a crankcase and is connected to the frame side members, as well as a steering wheel drive, a wheel suspension and a power take-off device, including a box mounted on gears with gearing from one of the gears of the last power take-off reducer, the output shafts of which are connected by cardan gears to the kinematic assembly of the drive of the rear and front power take-off shafts, characterized in that it is equipped with a winch located in the area between the bridges in the internal volume of the frame, the drive element of which is a universal joint the transmission is connected with the kinematic assembly of the drive of the rear power take-off shaft, the open profile of the frame side members is located on the outside of the frame, the crankcase of each bridge is attached to the vert to the steel shelves of the frame side members on its inner side, the wheel drive shafts of the wheel drive are made with flanges for fastening to the wheel and the differential shaft passed through the hole in the vertical wall of the frame side member, the suspension of each wheel is independent of the torsion bar on four levers of fastening to the wheel, all wheels are made rotary and kinematically connected with the steering gear, made with the possibility of disabling the rear axle wheels and fixing the latter relative to the frame is oriented along the longitudinal axis of the trans tailor means, and the transfer case is made with an additional output shaft for rotating the belt drive of the drive of energy consumers or the cardan drive of the drive of these units, while the steering drive includes for each wheel a wheel rod connected at one end to the wheel and the other to the first shoulder two shoulders of the pendulum lever, the other shoulders of which for the wheels of one axle are connected by a thrust to each other, while the pendulum levers of the wheels of the axles on one side are articulated with longitudinal rods, the ends of which x connected with the corresponding shoulders of the pendulum Central rocker, with the ability to swing in a vertical plane. 7. The traction means according to claim 6, characterized in that the independent suspension for each wheel includes a support shaft mounted in the open cavity of the frame side member with two ball joints of the upper arms mounted to the wheel and placed in supports under the lower horizontal shelf of the frame side member of the torsion bar a shaft with two lower levers associated with the wheel, while the torsion shaft is connected to the frame through the site of regulation of its rigidity, and the lower levers are connected to the frame through a double-acting shock absorber. 8. The traction means according to claim 7, characterized in that for regulating the suspension travel and turning it off, it is equipped with a hydraulic suspension travel limiter mounted on the frame in the form of a power hydraulic cylinder, the movable element of which is made with a fifth for interacting with the suspension arms. 9. The traction means according to claim 6, characterized in that it is equipped with hydraulic mechanisms for hanging technological equipment mounted in the front and rear zones of the frame. 10. A traction vehicle containing a rectangular frame on which a drive motor, a clutch, a gearbox and a transfer case are arranged sequentially interconnected, made with output shafts, which are connected by cardan gears to the differentials of the front and rear drive axles, through the suspension connected to frame spars, steering wheel drive and power take-off, including a power take-off mounted on the gearbox and engaged with one of the gears of the last and, the output shafts of which are connected by cardan gears to the drive units of the rear and front power take-off shafts, as well as a hydraulic pump for power steering gears, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional gearbox located in the area between the axles in the internal volume of the frame, the drive element of which is cardan the transmission is connected with the drive unit of the rear power take-off shaft, and the output element is with a sweeping brush or a winch with a cable, the power take-off is made with an additional output shaft the water of the additional pump, which is common for front and rear axles made by turning wheels, the bridges are connected to the frame side members with longitudinally arranged springs, while the steering wheel drive, made with the possibility of disabling the rear axle wheels and fixing the latter relative to the frame, is oriented along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, includes two steering gear frames located on the outside of one of the side members with bipods and input shafts, a bevel gear with one input and two output rear shafts, a power steering valve shut-off clutch, as well as a front longitudinal link equipped with a hydraulic valve, a rear longitudinal link equipped with a hydraulic valve, two transverse links located on the outside of the other longitudinal frame element, hydraulic cylinders of the front and rear axle reinforcement mechanism, locking mechanism for fixing the rear axle, the steering wheel shaft connected to the input shaft of the bevel gear, one of the output shafts of which is connected to the input shaft of the steering gear anism of the front axle, the bipod of which is connected with the front longitudinal link, and the second output shaft through the disconnect clutch and the locking locking mechanism is connected to the steering mechanism of the rear axle, the bipod of which is connected with the longitudinal link of the rear axle. 11. A traction means according to claim 1 0, characterized in that the hydraulic pump for the steering wheel drive is connected to the toe of the crankshaft of the drive engine through a disconnect clutch. 1 2. The traction means according to claim 1 0, characterized in that it is equipped with an adjustable torque limiting clutch located in the kinematic connection of at least one shaft of the power take-off with the power take-off shaft. 13. The traction means according to claim 10, characterized in that the transfer case is made with an additional output shaft for driving in dependent mode via a belt or chain or cardan transmission of a generator or hydraulic pump. 14. The traction device according to claim 10, characterized in that the frame contains elements for installing a hydraulic linkage mechanism for mounting process equipment. 1 5. Traction vehicle containing a rectangular-shaped frame, driving axles sprung relative to the frame, driving wheels of at least one of which are controllable, a cabin, steering of wheels including a power steering mechanism connected to a rotary lever fist of the front axle and kinematically with the rear axle bipod, a transmission including a drive motor mounted on the frame and connected in series with each other, clutch, gearbox and distribution a drive box for said axles, a hydraulic power supply system for consumers and a system of front- and rear-mounted power take-off shafts, as well as front and rear linkages of technological equipment, characterized in that the steering of the wheels, made with the function of locking the rotation of the wheels of the rear axle, includes power steering gear associated with the front axle steering knuckle lever and kinematically with the rear axle bipod, and the specified kinematic connection includes for each axles additional steering gears, inversely connected to each other by cardan gears and pivots and longitudinal links articulated between each other - with levers of axle steering knuckles, the rear axle kingpin in the longitudinal plane is inclined towards the front axle kingpin, and the coupling link of the auxiliary steering gear for the rear axle with a longitudinal link associated with the steering knuckle of this axle, is located in the center of swing of the sprung rear axle, while to block the rotation of the wheels of the rear axle that disconnected from the steering wheel lever longitudinal traction of one of the bridges is fixed to the frame, and the transmission further includes a transfer box, the input shaft of which is connected to the output transmission, and one of the output shafts - to the input of the primary transfer case. 16. The traction means according to clause 15, characterized in that the transverse thrust of the steering trapezoid of the rear rotary axle is connected with an additional hydraulic booster. 17. Traction means according to claim 15, characterized in that the hydraulic power supply system of the consumers includes a hydraulic pump driven by the engine, connected to a three-section valve, each controlled section of which is connected to a separate group of consumers, while for the circuit, at least one sections in the supply line for each consumer in the group a controlled on-off valve is installed, while the controls of these valves are interlocked. 1 8. Traction vehicle containing a rectangular frame, sprung driving drive axles, at least one of which is made with steered steering wheels, steering, transmission, including a drive motor mounted on the frame and connected in series with each other, clutch , a gearbox and a transfer case for driving said bridges, as well as a power take-off system for driving front and rear-mounted power take-off shafts, characterized in that the power take-off system It also includes a power take-off mounted on the gearbox in the area of the technological window of the latter and having a shaft with a gear kinematically connected through the specified technological window with one of the gears of the gearbox, one end of this shaft through at least one cardan shaft connected to the rear-mounted power take-off shaft, and the other is connected to the front-mounted power-take-off shaft through a controlled gear clutch to provide connection and disconnection of this power take-off shaft with the shaft of the power take-off, the clutch with the control is mounted in a separate housing mounted on the power take-off of the power take-off in the area of the bearing support of the protruding end of the shaft of this box and made with an annular collar for preloading this bearing, steering for the front and rear axles drive and rotary wheels made with the possibility of disabling the wheels of the rear axle and fixing the latter relative to the frame is oriented along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, includes a steering gear with a hydraulic booster connected to the lever of the steering axle steering knuckle and kinematically with the lever of the rear axle steering knuckle, and also made with the function of locking the rotation of the wheels of the rear axle, the specified kinematic connection includes for each axle additional steering mechanisms inversely interconnected by cardan transmission and through articulated bipods and longitudinal rods - with levers of the steering knuckles of axles, hinge for connecting the bipod of the additional steering gear for the rear axle with the longitudinal linkage associated with the steering knuckle lever of this axle is located in the center of swing of the sprung rear axle, the lateral linkage of the steering trapezoid of the rear axle is connected with an additional hydraulic booster, and the additional steering mechanism of the rear axle is connected with a cardan transmission via a controlled gear clutch that closes to the steering gear housing when disconnecting communication with the cardan gear to block the rotation of the rear axle wheels, while the rear axle wheel pin in the longitudinal plane is inclined towards the pulley to the front axle wheel, and the transmission includes an additional transfer box, the input shaft of which is connected to the output of the gearbox, and one of the output shafts is connected to the input of the main transfer box. 19. The traction device according to claim 18, characterized in that the gear clutch control is brought into the exit zone of the front-mounted power take-off shaft and is located on the outer front of the vehicle. 20. The traction means according to claim 18, characterized in that the gear clutch control in the mode of disconnecting the additional steering gear of the rear axle from the cardan transmission is kinematically connected with the contact switch of the control circuit of the hydraulic distributor of the power steering power supply system, which locks the control cavities of the steering axle power steering trapezoid rear axle. 21. A traction vehicle comprising a frame with open profile side members, on which a drive motor, a clutch, a gearbox and a transfer case are arranged sequentially interconnected, made with output shafts, which are connected by cardan gears to the locked differentials of the front and rear driving wheel axles, each of which has a crankcase and is connected with the side members of the frame, as well as steering for the wheels, the suspension of the wheels and a power take-off device including a gearbox mounted on the gearbox is engaged with one of the gears of the last power take-off gearbox, the output shafts of which are connected by cardan gears to the kinematic drive unit of the rear and front power take-off shafts, characterized in that it is equipped with a winch located in front of the frame on the outside of the frame, the drive element of which the cardan transmission is connected to the power take-off gear, the open profile of the frame side members is located on the outside of the frame, the crankcase of each bridge is flanged to the vertical shelves of the side members we are on its inside, the wheel drive shafts of the wheel drive are made with flanges for fastening to the wheel and the differential shaft, passed through the hole in the vertical wall of the frame side member, the suspension of each wheel is independent of the torsion lever mounting to the wheel, all the wheels are rotatable and kinematically connected with steering gear made with the possibility of disabling the rear axle wheels and fixing the latter relative to the frame is oriented along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, and the transfer case the casing is made with an additional output shaft for rotating the pulleys of the belt drive of the energy consumer drive or the cardan drive for driving the latter, while the steering for the front and rear axles of the drive and swivel wheels includes a power steering gear associated with the lever of the front axle knuckle and kinematically with the lever of the knuckle of the rear axle, and also made with the function of blocking the rotation of the wheels of the rear axle, the specified kinematic connection includes for each axle has additional steering gears inversely connected to each other by a cardan transmission and articulated bipods and longitudinal links with levers of the steering axle knuckles, the transverse link of the steering trapezoid of the rear axle is connected with an additional hydraulic booster, and the additional steering mechanism of the rear axle is connected with a cardan transmission through a controlled gear clutch that closes to the steering gear housing when disconnecting communication with the cardan gear to block the rotation of the wheels of the rear axle. 22. The traction means according to item 21, characterized in that the independent suspension for each wheel includes a support shaft mounted in the open cavity of the frame side member with two upper ball joints mounted to the wheel and mounted in supports under the lower horizontal shelf of the frame side member a shaft with two lower levers associated with the wheel, while the torsion shaft is connected to the frame through the site of regulation of its rigidity, and the lower levers are connected to the frame through a double-acting shock absorber. 23. The traction means according to item 21, characterized in that for regulating the suspension travel and its shutdown, it is equipped with a mechanical or hydraulic suspension travel limiter mounted on the frame in the form of a power hydraulic cylinder, the movable element of which is made with a fifth for interaction with the suspension arms. 24. The traction tool according to item 21, characterized in that it is equipped with a hydraulic creeper, through a controlled clutch connected to one of the shafts of the transfer case.