RU2233U1 - MOBILE VEHICLE VEHICLE - Google Patents

Description

MOBILE VEHICLE VEHICLE

PolyanaNA modg (5 relates to transport and tractor

engineering, to vehicles of universal functional purpose and can be used to perform technological operations in forestry, agriculture and utilities, as well as during construction and installation works.

A traction vehicle is known that contains a frame with longitudinal elements of an open profile, on which a drive motor, a clutch, a gearbox and a transfer case made with input and three output shafts are mounted in series, two of which are connected with front and rear drive differentials axles kinematically connected through the axles of the drive axles and cardan drives with final drives of the drive wheels mounted on the upper and lower levers torsion the suspension mounted on the longitudinal elements of the frame, while the vehicle contains a steering wheel for turning the front drive wheels, providing rotation in a given direction of the side, and a power take-off device including a power take-off gearbox mounted on the gearbox with gearing with one of the gears , cardan drive / connected to the kinematic assembly of the drive of the rear power take-off shaft (see book II Selivanov Automobiles and transport tracked vehicles of high cross-country ability, M, Nauka, 196 7, pp. 106-114, FIG. 94-104).

Known traction vehicle for multi-purpose has an independent suspension of the front wheels only, the rear axle suspension of the axle is dependent spring. In this regard, reduced the ability to achieve greater cross-country ability. In addition, only the front axle is controllable, which significantly reduces the maneuverability of the traction means. Given the opportunity

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the use of a well-known tool for working on small areas with cramped maneuvering conditions, for example, in public utilities, with such a steering scheme, the possibility of using such a machine when performing maneuvers during technological operations is significantly reduced.

The implementation of the frame with longitudinal elements, the open profile of which is located on the inside of the frame, provides a compact arrangement of all nodes and life support units of the traction means in this zone, but at the same time, the complexity of servicing these units, due to the complexity of access to them, increases. When repairing, it is necessary to remove the cab, possibly a body, which requires the use of stationary garage equipment. The pursuit of the scheme for laying all the elements inside the frame has led to a decrease in performance in other areas, for example, in the issue of maintainability outside garage conditions.

The known traction means contains only a rear semi-independent power take-off shaft, while when performing technological operations in agriculture, forestry, municipal services, it becomes necessary to drive the working bodies from both the rear and front power take-off shafts of the vehicle. Modern agricultural machines also require a drive from the side power take-off shaft. For employees of forestry, exploration expeditions, etc. Autonomous electric power sources are required to carry out technological operations and domestic needs. The vehicle described above does not have such capabilities.

This floor of the fifth model is aimed at solving the following technical problems: supplying the vehicle with front, rear and side semi-independent power take-off shafts, providing the possibility of connecting autonomous consumers

energy to the dependent power take-off shaft of the transfer gearbox for stationary operation as an independent stationary electric power source for lighting, welding, etc., increasing the maximum rotation angles of the front and rear wheels to increase vehicle maneuverability and ensure work in cramped conditions, increasing ride smoothness, providing the ability to disable the suspension of the chassis with hydraulic cylinders for stationary operation, providing the ability taken quickly removing and installing the drive train and chassis, vehicle supply working equipment, which is driven by a standard hinged hydraulic system or a cable winch.

The technical effect achieved by this consists in increasing the functional capabilities and improving the operational characteristics.

The specified technical effect is achieved by the fact that the mobile energy traction means containing a frame with longitudinal elements of an open profile, on which are mounted serially connected drive motor, clutch, gearbox and transfer case made with input and three output shafts, two of which are connected by cardan shafts with front and rear drive axles equipped with self-locking limited slip differentials, whose axles are connected via cardan gears They are equipped with input shafts of gears of driving wheels mounted on the upper and lower levers of the torsion bar suspension, as well as a steering drive for turning the front and rear driving wheels, providing them to turn in opposite directions and equipped with a power steering, the control spool of which is kinematically connected to the bipod of the steering power take-off.

mounted on a gearbox, the output shaft of which is connected to the rear power take-off shaft and the winch gear via an intermediate gear, while the vehicle is equipped with an additional intermediate gear, kinematically connected to the power take-off and configured to kinematically communicate with the front and side power take-off shafts, belt drive, interchangeable drive pulleys of which can be fixed on the power take-off shaft of the transfer case, with the same front and rear steering gears from, kinematically connected by means of two rods via pendulum arms, upper suspension arms with ball bearings, by means of which they are connected to the steering knuckles of the driving wheels, double-acting shock absorbers, the lower bearings of which are fixed to the lower suspension arms, and the upper - to the longitudinal frame members, hydraulic limiters of the suspension travel in the form of a power cylinder connected with the longitudinal frame element and having support for interaction with the upper suspension arm, drive cardan shafts wheels with drive axles by means of flanges, front and rear hydraulic mounted systems of standard equipment, a dozer blade connected to the front hydraulic mounted system, a set of interchangeable working equipment (body, skid plate, crane, etc.) made with the possibility of kinematic communication with a rear hydraulic hinged system, as well as a saddle device for the possibility of towing a semi-trailer and the installation of a skid plate.

A distinctive feature of this vehicle is that its design used units and units of currently convertible equipment (armored personnel carriers BTR70, BTR-60PB) and commercially available units and components of tractor and automotive engineering (D-144 Vladimirsky engine

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tractor plant, gearbox and clutch of ZIL130, ZIL-131 cars, it is possible to use a larger engine D-2406 gearbox and clutch of cars of the GAZ family).

These distinctive features are significant and interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to achieve the specified desired technical effect.

Thus, the implementation of a power take-off box with front and rear output shafts allows the use of a mobile energy vehicle to carry out technological operations for which work tools are required that drive simultaneously from the front and rear power take-off shafts (utility vehicles) or to carry out technological operations with tools , the drive of which is carried out both from the front and from the rear power take-off shafts (agricultural machinery).

The installation of an intermediate bevel gear will allow performing technological operations with machines driven by a side power take-off shaft.

The installation of interchangeable drive pulleys on the power take-off shaft of the transfer gearbox allows the drive of energy consumers (pump station, welding unit or generator, lighting network generator, etc.) both in stationary (with the drive axles disconnected) and when the mobile power funds. In this case, it is possible to change the speed of rotation of the drive pulley by shifting gears in the gearbox.

The installation of front and rear rotational mechanisms of the same type increases the reliability of the machine, and the installation of a single horizontal support, the shaft of which is connected by a pendulum lever to the front and rear horizontal rods of the rotation mechanisms

allows you to increase the maximum steering angles of the front and rear wheels.

For the same purpose, the upper arm of the boat is equipped with a ball bearing, and the installation of shock absorbers significantly increases the smoothness of the washing energy means.

The installation of hydraulic limiters of the suspension travel allows, through remote control from the driver's cab, to adjust the vertical travel of the suspension or to disable it.

Providing a mobile energy vehicle with a set of interchangeable working equipment and the same type of hydraulic attachment systems on which this equipment is mounted allows you to use a mobile energy vehicle in various sectors of the economy with low re-equipment costs.

Installation and fastening by flanges to the frame of the drive axles inside the frame and the connection of their axles by means of cardan shafts with two flanges provides the possibility of quick installation and dismantling of drive axles during repair work.

This 91 field prayer is illustrated by a concrete example, which, however, is not the only possible one, but clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving the indicated set of essential features of the required technical effect.

On fit. 1 is a general view of a universal mobile energy vehicle;

In FIG. 2 - kinematic diagram;

In FIG. 3 is a steering diagram for turning all drive wheels;

In FIG. 4 - lodva suspension of the driving wheel with communication elements with steering;

In FIG. 5 is a kinematic diagram of a drive wheel drive;

In FIG. 6 - an example of the execution of the hitch mechanism for turning the body.

A universal mobile power vehicle (see FIGS. 1 and 2) and increased cross-country ability and maneuverability contains a drive motor 1, which drives the leading gears equipped with final drives 6 through cardan gears 5 through a clutch 2, a gearbox 3, a transfer case 4 wheels 7 of the front and rear driving axles 8. The driving axles 8 comprise a crankcase 9 in which the main gear and the limited slip differential of 10 type of the cam differential of the increased are mounted friction used on GAZ-bb series cars. The corresponding links of the differential 10 through the wheel drive shafts 11 are connected with the final gears of the 6 wheels 7. The front and rear drive axles are identical in terms of design, which favorably affects maintainability and indicates a large degree of uniformity of design.

A reverse power take-off 12 is kinematically connected to the gearbox 3, mounted on the side wall of the gearbox 3 in the area of the technological window and engaged with the gear of one of the gears of the last one. The output shaft of the power take-off 12 is connected via a cardan gear 13 to the kinematic assembly 14 of the rear drive power take-off shaft. In the general case, the kinematic assembly 14 is any known gearbox having a series of permanent gearing of at least three gears, one of which is directly connected to the power take-off shaft, and the other is made with an additional output to which the winch drive gearbox 15 can be connected kinematically with a cable. Alternatively, the winch 15 is located in the area between the bridges in the internal volume of the frame, which allows for the placement of guide roller blocks under the frame

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cable withdrawal both through the front of the vehicle and through the rear. Nothing limits the ability and lateral conclusions of the cable with the appropriate location of the guide blocks. Inserting the winch not from the outside of the frame, as is traditionally accepted or takes place in the prototype, but in the volume of the frame itself allows you to transfer the cable tension to the center of gravity of the machine and thereby reduce the tipping effect of the reactive moment on the machine when the cable is pulled.

The gearbox 15 with a winch is equipped with a clutch and a safety device. The transfer case 4 is made with an additional dependent power take-off shaft 16, the speed and direction of rotation of which depend on the gear in the gearbox 3. As an example, the transfer case is made dual-band: with direct gear and reduction gear with a gear ratio of 1.96. There is the possibility of regulating the connection and disconnection of a bridge depending on operating conditions and the type of supporting surface.

The power take-off shaft 16 of the transfer case 4 is equipped with interchangeable pulleys 17 for driving by means of a belt drive 18 of energy consumers 19 (welding generator, power station, hydraulic pump, etc.). In this case, by shifting gears in the transfer case 4 and in the gearbox 3, the speed and direction of the shaft 16 are changed, and by turning on the neutral gear in the transfer case 4, it is possible to operate in a stationary mode to drive consumers 19.

To prevent damage to the cardan shafts of the kinematic connection of the power take-off box 12 with the node 14, it is advisable to install an adjustable torque limiting clutch 20 in this kinematic connection, which can be structurally made in any standard design (cam, friction, etc.).

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In order to expand the functionality in terms of driving additional technological units located outside the vehicle, the power take-off 12 is made with an additional output shaft kinematically connected by cardan gear 21 with the front power take-off shaft. Given the possibility of using mobile energy in agriculture, where some agrotechnical processes are associated with the need to drive a technological unit running in parallel with a traction vehicle, at least one output shaft of the power take-off is made with an additional lower bevel angular gearbox 22, from which drive side PTO. A possible example is shown in FIG. 2 by a dotted line, when both output shafts of the power take-off box 12 are made with lowering angular gearboxes to provide drive of the side power take-off shafts on different sides of the frame.

In FIG. 3 is a kinematic diagram of a steering mechanism to provide rotation of all wheels and increase vehicle maneuverability. A steering valve 24 is connected to the steering bipod 23, hydraulically connected via a safety valve and a filter with a pump 25, which receives rotation directly from the toe of the crankshaft of the drive motor 1 (see Fig. 2). The spool rod 26 of the hydraulic control valve through the pendulum arms 27 and the wheel link 28 is connected to the wheels 7. The kinematic connection of the wheels of the front and rear axles is carried out by transverse links 29, longitudinal links 30, 31 and the central pendulum beam 32 with swinging shoulders in a vertical plane, through which the link 30 and 31 are interconnected. The control valve 24 is hydraulically connected to the actuating hydraulic cylinder 33 of the power steering mechanism.

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The kinematic steering scheme provides the rotation of the wheels of the rear and front axles in different directions, which ensures high maneuverability of the traction means. In this case, the kinematic connection of the rods through the central beam 32 provides an increase in the angle of rotation of the wheels compared to other schemes.

If necessary, it is possible to turn off the steering of the rear axle wheels, which is accomplished by opening the link of the link 31 to the steering gear 32 and then locking the link 31 from displacement, which will prevent spontaneous turning of the rear axle wheels. The front wheels at the same time do not lose control and work in an independent independent mode. In FIG. 3 disconnecting the steering from the rear wheels is not shown.

The execution of the longitudinal elements of the frame 34 with an open profile to the outside allows you to successfully place the suspension and steering elements in a common node, shown, as an option, in FIG. 4. The wheels 7 are connected to the frame by means of an independent torsion bar suspension, including upper 35 connected to each other and provided with a ball support 36 for mounting the wheel levers and lower levers 37, mounted in the supports 38 and 39. In the lower supports 39 there is a torsion shaft 40, connected by lower levers 37 to the wheels 7 and by means of a sealing assembly 41 of the torsion shaft with the lower shelf of the longitudinal frame element. At the same time, the seal assembly 41 is configured to adjust the stiffness of the torsion shaft 40.

The supports 39 are located under the lower horizontal shelf of the longitudinal element of the frame, and the supports 38 are made in the cavity of the open profile of this longitudinal element 34. In the area between the levers in the vertical shelf of the longitudinal element there is a hole 42 for passing the wheel drive shafts 11 and an opening for passing the steering levers. With the steering mechanism, the wheels 7 are connected by means of wheel rods 28, 0

lateral rods 29, interconnected by swingarm levers 27, placed on the shaft of the support 43, mounted on the bracket 44 of the longitudinal element 34.

To improve the ride on a longitudinal element of the frame, a double-acting shock absorber 45 is mounted, the lower support of which is fixed to the lower suspension arms, and the upper one - on the longitudinal element of the frame.

From the drive axle 8, the torque is transmitted through the wheel driveshaft 11 to the drive wheel 7. The wheel 7 (see FIG. 5) is fastened to the mounting brackets 38 and 39 by means of the lower 37 and upper brackets of the levers and rubber-metal hinges 46. For ease of mounting and dismounting leading bridges of their crankcase 9 are fixed through removable half rings 47 with their flanges 48 on the vertical shelves of the longitudinal frame elements from its inner side. This allows you to unload the bridges, as well as cardan gears, telling them to rotate from the transfer case, since the latter operate in constant angle conditions. Cardan transmissions 11, by analogy with the crankcases in the mounting part, are made with flanges 49, which speeds up and simplifies the process of mounting these gears and their dismantling during replacement.

To regulate the suspension travel and turn it off, the suspension is equipped with a hydraulic limiter in the form of a power cylinder 50, one part of which is mounted on the longitudinal frame / with the help of a bracket, and the other is made with a fifth 51 for interaction with the upper levers. The distance between the upper arms 36 and the fifth 51 determines the suspension travel, and the introduction of the heel into direct contact with the upper arms leads to the suspension being forced out of operation.

The mobile energy traction vehicle (see Figs. 1 and 6) is equipped in the front and rear transverse parts of the frame with linkage mechanisms 52 of the hydraulic type standard

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versions for hanging, for example, in the front area of the blade knife 53. The linkage for both the front of the frame and the rear is selected of the same type. The hitch mechanism at the rear of the transverse frame element can serve to rotate and tilt the body 54 pivotally mounted on the pivot axis 55 of the hinge, with the pivot arm of which the body is connected via an earring 56, which is easily dismantled by unlocking the hinge both in the body area and in the junction with the pivot arm of the linkage mechanism. Such fastening provides a reliable position of the body and eliminates backlash movements when raising or lowering.

Instead of the body, a skid table can be used to load the whip with cable feed from the winch and transport the trunks with subsequent unloading. A fifth wheel coupling may be installed for towing semi-trailers. This change of technological equipment has become possible due to the fact that the entire transmission and shafts with a winch are located in a volume limited by the frame, which frees up a frame for installation of any type of equipment.

Mobile energy vehicle operates as follows.

The torque from the drive motor 1 through the clutch 2 and the selected gear in the gearbox 3 is fed to the input of the transfer case 4, where, branching, it is transmitted through cardan gears 5 to the inputs of the axle gears of the drive axles 8. Through the lockable differentials 10, the moment goes to the final gears 6 drive wheels 7. Depending on the coupling conditions in the contact of the drive wheels with the ground, either differential communication of the drive wheels of one axle with each other, or blocked communication, if one of the wheels falls on the site with a low coefficient of adhesion. Transfer box 4 forms

axle drive conditions due to the inclusion of direct or low gears.

Independent suspension of all wheels and the presence of double-acting shock absorbers provide not only increased ride comfort and stability of movement of a mobile energy tool in a bumpy terrain, but also increases the cross-country ability of this tool.

The directional direction of movement of the traction vehicle is determined by the position of the drive wheels relative to the longitudinal plane of the vehicle and steering elements. In rectilinear motion, the position of the steering elements is shown in FIG. 3. When turning with all steered wheels, a turn of the steering links leads to the fact that the wheels of one side are located at an angle to each other, which significantly increases the maneuverability of the machine. The implementation of the connected upper levers has a beneficial effect on increasing the angle of rotation of the wheels when the pendulum beam is disconnected from the thrust 31, the mobile means is transformed from a full-rotary to a front-rotor according to the traditional scheme.

The installation of a hydraulic suspension travel limiter with control from the driver’s cab 57 allows the suspension to be adjusted up to its complete shutdown, which significantly expands the operational capabilities of the vehicle.

Equipping a vehicle with a winch and a system of front, rear and side power take-off shafts significantly expands the technological capabilities of the machine, which provides such a property as versatility for use in various fields. Equipping the machine with interchangeable pulleys of a belt drive of a generator or hydraulic pump allows you to get a stationary installation to generate power (for example, for welding work in the field) or a pump station. Pulleys interchangeability determines the adjustability of the transfer case

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boxes to various conditions dictated by the parameters of the used technological apparatus.

This model allows you to create a universal mobile energy vehicle with high qualities for maintainability and maintenance, as well as a wide operational purpose. The increased cross-country ability and maneuverability allow using the car in almost any conditions and in any territorial regions.

FORMULA

. A mobile energy vehicle containing a frame with a 6H ((and open-profile elements, on which sequentially 11 mounted motor drive, clutch, gearbox and gearbox made with output shafts, card1 gears connected with blocked differential gears 1 the front and rear drive axles, crankcase 1 (through the suspension connected to the longitudinal elements of the frame, as well as the front-wheel drive and the power take-off device $ 1bb, which includes gear mounted with gear heating with one of the last Ni / ester

Claims (7)

1. A mobile energy vehicle containing a frame with longitudinal elements of an open profile, on which a drive motor, clutch, gearbox and transfer case are arranged in series, with output shafts, cardan transmissions connected with lockable differentials of the front and rear driving wheel axles having the crankcase and through the suspension connected with the longitudinal elements of the frame, as well as the steering gear of the front wheels and a power take-off device including a power take-off gearbox driven on the gearbox and engaged with one of the gears of the last one, the output shafts of which are connected by cardan gears to the kinematic assembly of the rear and front power take-off shafts, characterized in that it is equipped with a winch located in the area between the bridges, the drive element of which is a cardan gear connected to the kinematic assembly of the drive of the rear power take-off shaft, the open profile of the longitudinal elements of the frame is located on the outside of the frame, the crankcase of each bridge is flanged to vertical flanges of the longitudinal elements of the frame on its inside, the wheel drive shafts of the wheel drive are made with flanges for fastening to the wheel and the differential shaft, passed through the hole in the vertical shelf of the longitudinal frame element, the suspension of each wheel is made by independent torsion linkage mounting to the wheel, while all the wheels are rotary and kinematically connected to the steering gear, and the transfer case is made with an additional output shaft for interchangeable belt drives a radiator or a hydraulic pump.  2. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an adjustable torque limiting clutch located in the kinematic connection of at least one power take-off shaft with a power take-off shaft.  3. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the shafts of the power take-off is kinematically connected with a lower bevel angular gear of the drive of the side power take-off shaft.  4. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the independent suspension for each wheel includes a support shaft mounted in an open cavity of a longitudinal element of the frame with two upper spherical bearings mounted to the wheel and placed in supports under the lower horizontal shelf of the longitudinal frame element a torsion shaft with two lower levers associated with the wheel, while the torsion shaft is connected to the frame through a unit for controlling its rigidity, and the lower levers are connected to the frame through a double-acting shock absorber.  5. The tool according to claim 4, characterized in that for regulating the suspension travel and turning it off, it is equipped with a hydraulic suspension travel limiter mounted on the frame in the form of a power hydraulic cylinder, the movable element of which is made with a fifth for interacting with the suspension arms.  6. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the steering gear includes for each wheel a wheel link connected at one end to the wheel and the other to the first shoulder of the two-shouldered pendulum arm, the other shoulders of which are connected to each other by wheels while the pendulum levers of the wheels of the axles on one side are pivotally connected with longitudinal rods, the ends of which are connected with the corresponding shoulders of the pendulum central beam, which has the ability to swing in a vertical plane.  7. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with the same type of hydraulic mechanisms for mounting process equipment mounted in the front and rear zones of the frame.