DK1936288T3 - A method and system for detecting the hydraulic balance in a heating system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method and system for detecting and, where appropriate, to carrying out a hydraulic balancing of a heating system with heaters connected via a fluid flow system, in particular a hot water heating system according to the preamble of claim 1. For the implementation of the hydraulic balancing For example, fluid flow through individual heaters can be regulated upon recognition of an over or under supply of a heater. In connection with pump hot water heaters, with interconnected heaters, there is often the problem of under-supplying individual, hydraulically disadvantaged heaters, with simultaneous over-supply of other, hydraulically advantageously located heaters. This problem can be traced back to different differential pressures at the different heaters. In order to offset these, a hydraulic balancing of the heating system must be carried out. The purpose of the hydraulic balancing is to adjust the hydraulic resistors in the fluid flow system so that a sufficient supply of all heaters is ensured. For this, even at the hydraulically most unfavorable heaters, a sufficiently large differential pressure must be available.

For example, heater valves with a suitable presetting can be used. In the case of hydraulically favored heaters, the hydraulic resistance is increased by the selection of the preset. Accordingly, according to VDI 2073, it is increased as

defined valve authority, where Δρτν, ιοο °% is the pressure drop across the valve at fully open valve and Δρτν, ζυ is the pressure drop at the closed valve. As the hydraulic resistance increases, the pressure drop increases Δρτν, ιοο% at a fully opened heater valve and thus the valve authority. The relationship between the valve authority, the opening position of the heater valve and the flow, respectively. the heat output of the heater is shown in FIG. 5, where values of a> 0.3 should be sought in order to achieve good controllability.

The hydraulic balancing, by increasing the hydraulic resistance in connection with individual heaters, leads to a reduction of the mass flow through these heaters by a parallel coupling of the heaters, which today is usually used, and consequently to a higher differential pressure at the hydraulically smaller well-placed heaters. In practice, however, the implementation of the hydraulic balancing is a cumbersome and slow process. Consequently, for reasons of time and cost, it is frequently not implemented or only inaccurate. Often, instead of the pump, the pump is also set to a higher rpm, which can lead to unnecessarily high power consumption and flow noise. DE 100 03 394 A1 describes a method for hydraulically balancing a heating system. This method depends on a measurement and adjustment of the differential pressure at the heater itself. The adjustment is done by adjusting the return valve, is carried out manually and thus has the disadvantage that the process is slow and cumbersome and causes high costs.

From DE 42 21 725 there is known a method for automatically obtaining a hydraulic balancing, in which the heater thermostat valves are first opened completely and the temperature thus adjusted in each room is measured. In the rooms with too high a resultant temperature, the thermostat valves are closed so much that the desired temperature sets. The degree of opening thus provided for the thermostat valves is used as the maximum opening for all further control activities. However, the method has the disadvantage that the stationary state of the system must be awaited before the adjustment can be made.

A further method is known from DE 102 43 076 A1. This method utilizes adjusting drives with an integrated temperature difference control which, for the purpose of adjustment, is mounted on a pre-adjustable heater valve adapter. The volume flow through the heater is varied by the preset adapter until a predetermined difference between forward and return temperature is obtained. After the adjustment process is complete, the adjustment drives are again removed and replaced with the term ostath oved. The disadvantage of this approach is that additional preset adapters are required, which must be mechanically compatible with the adjustment drive. Furthermore, this method also requires manual execution and is consequently cumbersome and expensive.

From WO 2004/083733 A1 there is known a method for adjusting several parallel coupled heat exchangers, whereby for each heat exchanger, based on the current operation, a specific heat demand for the heat exchanger is provided over a predetermined period of time, the specific sizes of all heat exchangers are compared with each other of the heat exchanger with the size which shows the minimum heat demand is changed in the direction of increasing the heat demand. The heat exchanger with the greatest consumption of heat transmission medium is penalized, so as to reduce the flow rate of heat transmission medium.

From EP 0 189 614 A1 there is known a device for adjusting a heating installation, in which each heating element is provided with a pre-adjustable valve in the flow of the heating medium. In this way, the flow through the individual radiators can be adjusted so that the hydraulic balancing of the various heaters is adjusted. WO 03/052536 A2 describes a method of adjusting the heat output in heating systems by specifying a flow temperature derived from a building supply condition. The building supply condition is provided based on supply conditions for the individual heaters, which show their current heating requirements, which are derived, for example, from the valve positions of the individual heater valves.

The object of the invention is to provide a simple possibility of detecting and, where appropriate, carrying out a hydraulic balancing of a heating system, by which it can be automatically recognized which heaters are under-supplied. For this, preferably the heaters must be used without the need for devices, such as room temperature controllers and / or consumption cost detection devices, such as heating cost distributors.

This task is solved by a method of the kind mentioned initially with the measures specified in claim 1. In this connection, it is particularly required that for each heater a characteristic value is provided which indicates the thermal dynamics of one of the heater heated space and the characteristic values of several heaters, especially all heaters, in a heating circuit of the heater, and / or several (for example, at least two) successive characteristic values of one heater, especially after a flow temperature change in the heating circuit or heater, are compared to each other for detecting a hydraulic over or under supply of a heater. A hydraulic balancing needed after detection, if necessary, can be provided by adjusting respectively. limiting heater valve positions, thereby providing a simple control of fluid flow.

A particular advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the thermal dynamics in a room can be provided by the measurement of thermal or heating dynamic quantities which can be detected during continuous heating operation. The evaluation of the hydraulic conditions is carried out in a simple way by comparing the characteristic values of the thermal space dynamics, since unfavorable hydraulic conditions exist when space and air conditions, respectively. the heating dynamics of different heaters exhibit distinctly different values, respectively. the characteristic values of a heater, after a deliberately implemented change of, for example, the flow temperature, do not behave as in the case of heaters with optimal hydraulic balancing. According to the invention, the evaluation of the characteristic values of several heaters can also be combined with the evaluation of the particular temporal course of the characteristic value of a heater after a defined change, for example of the flow temperature. These two options for detecting the hydraulic balancing complement each other and, in combination, can provide a particularly reliable assessment of the given hydraulic balancing. However, they can also be used separately and will be explained in greater detail below. With the present invention, an analysis of the hydraulic balancing can be performed automatically and without manual intervention and, where appropriate, a correction by intervention in the hydraulic balancing of the heating system.

For this, the dynamic characteristic value is a heating dynamic for a room, ie. the rate at which an externally predicted temperature rise is accomplished. Based on the rate of rise in temperature in a room, heating dynamics are provided at each time, respectively. constant for the heater attached to the room. For the hydraulic balancing, then all values of the heating dynamics are approximately approximated by the regulation of the respective heater valve positions. The heating dynamics are provided by indicating a room temperature increase and a measurement of the heating time required. Thus, the proposed method is based on the evaluation of heating dynamics for each heater. The heating dynamics respectively. The constant indicates how fast the space, after an increase of the heating fluid flow, is heated by the heater, the increase of the heating fluid flow being particularly provided by, for example, a valve opening initiated by a heater room temperature control. The evaluation of the hydraulic conditions is done by comparing the values of the heating dynamics for different rooms respectively. heaters, with unfavorable hydraulic conditions present when the heating dynamics show significantly different values. In particular, the heating constants can be provided by indicating a desired room temperature increase and measuring the time required for the heating. This can be done, for example, by means of an electronic heater room temperature control which is not readily available.

Particularly in addition to the heating dynamics, if however also as the detected size alone, as the characteristic value for the thermal dynamics of one of the heater heated space, the dead time between a setting for raising the room temperature and the beginning of a heating process is also used. In this connection, after setting such a desired room temperature rise, the time leading up to the start of the heating process is detected, ie. until a first change in temperature in the room after a changed setpoint setting is determined using appropriate sensors, usually temperature sensors. In particular, the death time and subsequent heating dynamics of the subsequent rise in temperature can be detected first. This is especially advantageous when there is a temperature rise in the room only after a certain delay. In this connection, a large dead time means a poor supply of the heater. This information, in addition to the value of the heating dynamics, can be used for conclusions about the hydraulic system in the heating system.

As additional or alternatively used characteristic value also come heater temperatures and / or heater supply states, especially their temporal changes, respectively. conduction, which is detected for various heaters and / or in the temporal course of a heater, for example after an intentionally completed flow temperature change. As heater temperatures, heater flow temperatures, heater return temperatures and / or heater surface temperatures as well as their reference temperatures in relation to room air temperature can be detected. Exemplary embodiments with alternatively used characteristic values do not fall within the scope of the claims. The heater supply state is one of the above temperatures and / or of the valve position of the heater derived size which indicates the heater needs of the heater respectively. heating coil. For the detection of the heater temperatures, respectively. For example, the heater supply states necessary measurement values can be provided by means of available electronic heat cost distributors. Also, from the comparison of such characteristic values for a heater, especially in their temporal course, it can be detected whether a heater or other heating surface, such as a floor heating for which the invention can also be used, is hydraulically correctly balanced in the heating system. In this connection, the following basic idea can be used: When the hydraulic supply of a heating surface in the heating system is acceptable, a small change of the flow temperature can be offset by a changed mass flow of the heating fluid through the heater, relative to the absolute size of the optimum flow temperature, respectively. . heating coil. By an intentionally implemented small reduction of the flow temperature throughout the heating system, an increase of the opening position of the heater valve and consequently an increase in the mass flow occurs, if the heating system and heaters are reasonably balanced and the heat load during this time remains constant. In this case, therefore, a slightly reduced flow temperature can be offset by an increase in the mass flow and it is expected that after a sufficiently dimensioned transition time it will experience measured by a heat cost distributor respectively. the average over-temperature of the heater corrected by correction factors is only a slight change. The supply state of the heater is derived from the heater mass flow, of this indirect proportional magnitude, and will decrease (see also the relation shown in Fig. 6), whereby the heat output of the heater, assuming the same heat load, remains approximately constant. If these expected conditions at the heater do not occur, the hydraulic balancing of the heating system is not optimal and should be carried out again.

In an advantageous embodiment of the proposed method, a characteristic value can be constituted by a transfer function of first or higher, for example second, order or differential equation whose parameters are detected respectively. estimated. By means of such mathematically manageable functions, the dynamics of the system can be particularly well and quickly taken into account. In this case, unfavorable hydraulic conditions exist when detected respectively. estimated parameters of the individual heaters differ greatly from each other.

In order to avoid too rapid change of new values of the heating dynamics, dead time and / or other parameters of the transfer functions or differential functions, and to suppress the influence of temporary disturbances, such as a direct heat effect by direct solar radiation during a supervised heating phase, it may be prerequisite, not to take over the new values directly, but to weight these with older values, for example by means of an average value formation.

A particularly favorable constellation for detecting the characteristic values exists when all heaters simultaneously initiate a heating phase. Then the heating dynamics or other characteristic values are detected simultaneously for all heaters. This can be realized by the fact that a heater room temperature control for all rooms indicates a, especially the same, temperature increase as the desired value. In an optimally hydraulically balanced system, the room temperature should then rise in the different rooms over approximately the same time period. Thus, various characteristic values can be reliably connected to a not fully balanced hydraulic state.

However, it is also possible to automatically detect the heating dynamics or other characteristic values, if any, supplemented by each, for example by means of an individual room temperature control, indicated temperature rise in a room, even when in this case the hydraulic overall situation of the heating system may be different, detected for example, by providing different heating constants. Exemplary embodiments using other characteristic values do not fall within the scope of the claims. However, accepting this disadvantage, a hydraulic balancing can quickly and flexibly adapt to changes in the system and still be updated in normal running operation. In particular, by updating existing characteristic values with new values for the heating dynamics, dead time and / or other parameters of the transfer functions or differential equations, the new value can be weighted with old values. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the method, the approximation of the characteristic values occurs iteratively, i.e. after an opening position change for the valve position on a hydraulic or. the sub-supplied heater, after a subsequent temperature change, again the corresponding characteristic values are determined, equalized and suitably determined the resulting valve position limitations. In this way, over time, as optimal as possible hydraulic balancing is achieved, which is also automatically adapted to a changed hydraulic situation, for example a permanent interruption of a particular heating element in an unused space. In particular, the heating constant can be provided by setting a desired room temperature rise and measuring the time required for the heating. This can be done in particular by means of an electronic heater room temperature control which is not readily available. The characteristic values may be either decentrally provided by a room temperature sensor equipped with a room temperature sensor and transmitted to a central, or provided in a central room temperature sensor for the individual rooms and the room temperature temperature controllers. Thus, when evaluating the characteristic values associated with the various heaters, for example heating dynamics, an under- or over-supply of a heater is subject to adverse hydraulic conditions. For example, when the heating constant of a heater indicates an over-supply, its maximum used valve opening can be reduced. Thus, the hydraulic conditions of the heaters in the heating system are automatically matched to one another and the values of the heating dynamics are approximately approximated. No manual intervention is necessary. Therefore, the values of the heating dynamics also constitute a particularly suitable size for the hydraulic properties of the heating system, since they take into account the dynamic heating situation and not only an absolutely achievable room temperature. In this connection, the control of the heater valve position can preferably be effected by an opening of the heater valve used in particular by a heater control. When the maximum valve opening used for an over-supplied heater is limited, this means that even with a desired heating process, less heating fluid reaches the heater. By this limitation, the differential pressure is automatically increased by the hydraulically more disadvantaged heaters in the closed heating system. This leads to an optimized hydraulic balancing of the heating system, the heating conditions of which are significantly improved.

Similarly, in accordance with claim 8, the invention relates to a system for detecting a hydraulic balancing of a heater with fluid flow heaters. The system is formed by a device arranged for carrying out the method described above, and comprises a detection device for detecting the room temperature of a space heated by a heater, a heater temperature and / or a valve position for a heater valve, a calculation unit for providing a characteristic value. which indicates the thermal dynamics of the space heated by the heater from the detected room temperature, heater temperature and / or valve position, as well as a comparison device for comparing a characteristic value with the characteristic values from other rooms respectively. heaters and / or several successive characteristic values of a heater. The computing unit and / or the comparing unit, which may, for example, be accommodated in a common or in different microprocessors, are arranged to carry out the method described above. In the case of a common microprocessor, the system may comprise a central unit with a computing unit arranged for carrying out the method. In this connection, the control panel may be a living room temperature control, a consumption value detection device and / or a residential control for temperature control or detection. It is particularly advantageous when the detection device is integrated into a heat-cost distributor and / or a single room temperature control, for example in the form of a heater room temperature controller, since such systems are present in several homes so that the hydraulic balancing according to the invention can, for example, be reacted by installing appropriate programs in existing systems. In this sense, the calculator can also be integrated into a single room control and / or a consumption value, respectively. heating cost detection device and / or a central controller and / or data collector. For example, if several homes are supplied via a common heating circuit, ie. a coherent hydraulic system, it makes sense that several single compartment controllers, consumption value and so on. heating cost detection devices and / or the central controller especially for the heating circuit or heating system communicate with each other so that the individual characteristic values can be compared. In this connection, the characteristic values can be determined in the common control unit or decentralized in the respective calculation units in the single room controllers and / or consumption value respectively. heating cost-sensing devices.

Finally, the system preferably comprises a control device for adjusting the valve opening for heater valves, by which the hydraulic balancing can be effected immediately. Hydraulic balancing can be done especially by adjusting the valve opening for a heater.

Further developments, advantages and uses of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments and the drawings. In the drawing: FIG. 1 is a signal flow chart for providing characteristic values for carrying out a hydraulic balancing; FIG. 2 characteristic values for determining the heating dynamics; FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a dry tube heating system with a system according to the invention for detection and, where applicable, carrying out a hydraulic balancing; FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the communication links of the system according to the invention in accordance with FIG. 3; FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the relative valve opening and the flow (relative volume flow) respectively. the relative valve opening and the heat release (relative heater output) of a heater (radiator) at various valve authorities between α = 1 and α = 0.1; 6 shows the relationship between the relative heat mass flow ratio and the heat surface supply condition. In FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a signal flow plan in accordance with the invention, according to which a characteristic value for each of a heater heated space can be provided which indicates the thermal dynamics for that of the heater heated space.

To this end, by means of a temperature sensor, the temperature θ in a space heated by the heater and / or on the heater itself is measured and fed to a calculation unit 1, in which the method for providing the dynamic characteristic value is used which is used to carry out the hydraulic balancing. At the measured temperature θ it can be a room temperature dRUm or, for example, by means of a consumption value detection device (heat cost distributor) measured heater temperatures $ hkvi, 0hkv2. In addition, the relative opening position h of a heater valve, i.e. its relative degree of opening is detected.

These indications are based on a transfer function respectively. a differential equation D {d) used in the calculator 1, in order to provide for each heater a dynamic characteristic size. This characteristic size may be the heating dynamics ktherm, the dead time tr, a time constant T, a gain K or a heater supply state VZ, a (corrected or uncorrected) heater upper temperature Aiog and respectively. its temporal derivative.

To determine the heating dynamics ktherm, at the beginning of an externally defined predetermined heating phase, the time tstart and the actual temperature tststart are stored. Once the desired temperature dso is reached, the heating time dynamics ktherm is calculated.

This is obtained by the temperature rise Ad = dsoii - dstart during the heating phase and the required time At = tdisstartstart, so that

applies. Thus, the heating dynamics ktherm indicates how fast the temperature in the room rises, and thus constitutes a significant dynamic characteristic size.

One variant consists in first detecting a dead time ti and subsequently detecting the heating dynamics ktherm for the subsequent rise in temperature, the dead time tr being the time between the time when a heating phase is indicated and the determination of a temperature rise. This is especially advantageous when a temperature rise does not occur after a certain time delay. In this connection, a large dead time tT means a poor supply of the heater and can thus also serve as a dynamic characteristic value.

An overview of the significance of the above sizes can be seen in the temperature-time diagram of FIG. 2nd

Further, it is possible to indicate the heating process by a differential equation ϋ (θ) respectively. by a first, second or higher order dynamic transfer function, and estimate the parameters of the differential equation ϋ (θ) or the transfer function using known identification methods and calculate the heating duration respectively. the start time tstart for the heating phase before the desired value jump and finally the heating dynamics ktherm. This leads to an accelerated convergence in an iterative calculation of the heating dynamics ktherm. For example, from the differential equation D (d) for room air conditions, respectively. a heater temperature

the connection

between the heating dynamics ktherm and the characteristic magnitudes gain K, time constant T, relative valve opening h and heating duration At = tEnd - t start of the differential equation ϋ (θ).

If the valve opening h is not known, instead of the gain K the time-varying product K * h must be estimated. This leads to a decrease in the convergence rate of the method. Accordingly, the knowledge of the valve opening h is an advantage, but not a condition of the transferability of the method according to the invention.

The calculation of the heating dynamics ktherm and the dead time ten typically occurs iteratively. The new values for the heating time constants ktherm, the dead times ten or other parameters must not be taken directly, but can be weighted with the older values. This prevents the values from changing too quickly. Thus, the influence of disturbances (for example, foreign heat influence during the heating phase) is diminished. In FIG. 3, there is shown a system for carrying out a hydraulic balancing of a heating system 1 with fluid flow heaters 3 connected via a dry pipe system 4 with a flow line 5 and a return line 6 to a central heat generator 7. The dry system 4 extends through several housing 8 and provides several heaters 3. Accordingly, the heaters 3 may have different hydraulic conditions which should be appropriately balanced.

To this end, at each heater 3 is provided a heater room temperature regulator 9 with a detection device 10, which detects the room temperature £ for a space heated by a heater 3 and the valve position h for a heater valve 11 which the heater temperature controller 9 affects. Alternatively or additionally, at each individual heater 3, consumption value detection devices 13 are provided for measuring heater temperatures θ, such as a heater surface temperature, heater flow temperature and / or heater return temperature. Further, a temperature sensor 14 for detecting the flow temperature may be provided in the heating system 2 for determining the sizes derived from the detected temperatures, such as, for example, a heater supply state VZ.

For example, the room temperature θ and the valve position h transmit the heater room temperature regulator 9, for example by means of radio communication, to a central control unit 12 (control center) connected to the respective housing 8, which also communicates among themselves. The same applies to consumer value as the detecting devices 13 and 13 respectively. temperature sensor 14. Each control unit 12 is provided with a calculation unit (not shown), which provides for each heater a characteristic value which indicates the thermal dynamics of a space heated by the heater 3. In a control center 12 there is further provided a comparison device which is not shown, which compares all calculated characteristic values, in order to draw a conclusion on the hydraulic relationship of the heating system 2. Then from this control center 12, if necessary via additional control centers 12 , the heater room temperature regulator 9 is requested, for example, to specify the valve positions of the heater valves 11, for example, to limit the maximum opening and thus to provide a hydraulic balancing.

The corresponding communication paths between the individual heater room temperature regulators 9 and the control centers 12 are shown again in FIG. 4, the double arrows indicating a two-way communication. The system comprises a plurality of decentralized control units 12, each of which is associated with several heater room temperature controllers 9 and / or consumption detection devices 13. Between the heater room temperature controllers 9 and associated controller 12, there is a two-way communication connection. Between consumption detection devices 13 and associated control unit 12, a one-way or two-way communication connection consists. Between the decentralized control units 12, two-way communication connections also exist. Thus, a suitably configured control unit 12 can take over the evaluation of the heating dynamics ktherm for the whole system and, for example, transmit the maximum opening values tw obtained from the heating element valves 11 for individual heaters 3 via the corresponding decentralized control units 12 to the heater controllers 9, which take into account these values. the temperature control.

However, the invention is not limited to that of FIG. 3 and 4. For example, instead of radio communication, it is possible to choose a different mode of communication. In addition, the detection device, calculator and comparator required by the invention may be located in devices other than the apparatus described above. The described system is merely particularly advantageous since heater room temperature regulators 9 with temperature sensors respectively. consumer value detection devices 13 and control centers 12, for example within the scope of a room temperature control and / or heat cost detection, are readily available, so that the invention can be implemented without or only with little supplementary hardware.

Subsequently, the practice of the method according to the invention is again described in detail in connection with the example of the heating dynamics ktherm. The method is based on the calculation and evaluation of the heating dynamics ktherm for each heater 3. The heating dynamics ktherm indicates how quickly the space surrounding the heater 3 is heated. If the heating dynamics ktherm of a heater 3 is still relatively small, a hydraulically unfavorable balancing of this heater 3 with respect to other heaters 3 in the heating system 2 can be attributed to the process.

The heating dynamics ktherm are calculated for each heater 3 by an electronic heater room temperature regulator 9, a consumption value detection device 13 or by a decentral, respectively. central control unit 12. The heater room temperature controllers 9 arranged on the heater valves 11 detect the measured room air temperature Oist or, where appropriate, also the supplementary valve adjustment opening h and transmit the values to at least one control unit 12. Likewise, the measured temperature required may also be transmitted from other suitable devices. such as, for example, room temperature sensors or electronic heat cost distributors such as consumer value detection devices 13, for the control units 12 or also for the heater room temperature regulators 9. The heater room temperature regulators 9 or the control units 12 calculate from 3. Preferably, these characteristic values are calculated from measured values during the heating phase before or after a desired temperature jump. If the characteristic values of the thermal space dynamics including the heating dynamics ktherm are detected by heater room temperature controllers 9 or by another (electronic) apparatus, these results are transmitted to a decentral or central controller 12. All calculation results are preferably transmitted to a particular central controller 12 This generates a list of all dynamic characteristic values including the heating dynamics ktherm for all heaters 3 and performs an evaluation including a comparison of these characteristic values. Based on the evaluation of the dynamic characteristic values and in particular the heating dynamics ktherm, the hydraulic balancing of the heaters 3. In particular, based on the heating dynamics ktherm, the hydraulically disadvantaged heaters 3 can be detected.

For the sake of clarity, the following information refers only to the heating dynamics ktherm. They also apply to deadlines respectively. for parameters for differential equations or transfer functions. In the central control unit 12 a comparison is made between the heating dynamics ktherm for all heaters 3. From this comparison the information on the hydraulic balancing of the heater valves 11. All values for the heating dynamics ktherm are of the same order of magnitude, this shows a uniform heating of all rooms. This means that all rooms are supplied uniformly with heat and the hydraulic balancing of the heating system 2 voices.

If there is a large, absolute or relative difference between the values of the heating dynamics ktherm, this means a uniform heating. The reason for this must not necessarily lie in poor hydraulic balancing. There may also be other causes, such as interference influences, such as an open window or poor adaptation of the heater performance to the heating demand in the room. Thus, for example, a small dimensioned heater 3 for the space to be heated can lead to prolonged heating, while too large a dimensioned heater 3 results in rapid heating.

Accordingly, it is advantageous to smooth the values of the heating dynamics ktherm over a certain period of time, for example by arithmetic or sliding mean value formation, in order to minimize disturbance effects. Also, if the heating dynamics ktherm values are too far apart, this indicates poor hydraulic balancing or incorrectly sized heaters 3.

In order to distinguish between poor hydraulic balancing and incorrect sizing of the heaters 3, according to the invention, the embodiment of FIG. 2 defined dead time ten is used. Thus, in the case of poor hydraulic balancing, it is very likely that a dead time ten will be determined before the room temperature rises. An incorrectly dimensioned but well-balanced heater 3 determines a temperature rise without a long dead time ten.

Alternatively, instead of the heating dynamics ktherm, the parameters K (gain) and T (time constant) can also be used. the ratio K / T is evaluated. This embodiment does not fall within the scope of the claims. Thus, based on relatively small gain and large time constant, i.e. small ratio K / T, can be connected to poor hydraulic balancing and from relatively large gain and small time constant, ie from large ratio K / T to good hydraulic balancing of it correspondingly, the heater 3. Further, in particular, the temporal relationship of heater temperatures 9 or heater supply states VZ can be considered.

FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the relative heat surface mass flow ratio which, as shown in FIG. 5, is correlated to the relative valve opening, and a heating surface supply condition. The desired value of the mass flow ratio in this example is chosen such that at 40% of the relative mass flow ratio (referenced to the nominal mass flow), the heat supply state is zero, i.e. an optimal heat supply is available. A thermal over-supply to the heating surface, ie. a heating surface supply state> 0, corresponds to a lower heating surface mass flow ratio and a thermal sub-supply to the heating surface, i.e. a heating surface supply condition <0, corresponds to a higher heat surface flow ratio than 40%. Similarly to the one shown in FIG. 6, therefore, when evaluating the heating surface supply condition, the linearized dependence can be connected to the state of the current hydraulic balancing of the individual heating surface. In the case of a hydraulically correctly balanced heating surface, there is an increasing temperature of the flow surface mass flow, and thus a reduced heat supply condition, of a flow temperature reduction. Considering this connection, the hydraulic state of the various heating surfaces can be connected. This is especially so when, within the context of a heat power adjustment regulation, the supply state of the individual heating surfaces is detected without delay.

It is an advantage, especially for the starting conditions of the process, that all heater room temperature regulators 9 at the same time begin a heating phase, conditional on a desired temperature jump in the positive direction. If this condition is not possible in the setting of heater temperature regulator time profiles, a corresponding command can be triggered in the central control unit 12. The execution of this command causes all heater room temperature controllers 9 to perform approximately one heating phase at the same time.

A prerequisite for carrying out the process is that the heating system 2 is switched on and that sufficient heat is available for heating the rooms.

If the system establishes that there is a poorly balanced hydraulic pipe system 4 in the heating system 2, the reaction consists in, for example, in the heater room temperature controller 9, limiting the opening movement h of the heater valve 11 for heaters 3 with larger values of the heating dynamics ktherm (corresponds to a fast heating and thus a good heat supply). The restriction occurs in an iterative process until the heating dynamics ktherm for all heaters 3 are approximately the same. A parameterized minimum opening hmm must be observed in this regard.

Thus, by limiting the opening movement h, the flow of the heat carrier through a heater 3 with a larger value of the heating dynamics ktherm is limited. As a result, a poorly balanced heater 3 provides a larger amount of the heat carrier. To limit the opening movement h, a maximum value hmax for the opening is transmitted to the corresponding heater room temperature controller 9. During normal control operation, the heater room temperature controller 9 will not exceed this maximum value hmax.

Also, in the presence of an oversized heater 3, the opening movement h of the heater room temperature regulator 9 can be limited, thereby limiting the maximum heat output of this heater 3.

The information obtained by the system about the hydraulic balancing of the heating system 2 can be made available to the user in a suitable form. This can be done, for example, by displaying on a central control unit 12. The user can thus be informed of the current state of the system and, if necessary, manually make adjustments, such as the change of valve preset.

By means of the constant monitoring of the heating dynamics, the method enables an automatic adaptation to changing hydraulic conditions. Accordingly, in the method according to the invention and the corresponding system for carrying out this method, a single manageable option is provided for automatic balancing of a heating system, which in particular can also be automatically kept current without requiring manual balancing.

Reference number list 1 Calculation unit 2 Heating system 3 Heater 4 Dry pipe, fluid flow system 5 Flow line 6 Return line 7 Heat generator 8 Housing 9 Heater room temperature regulator 10 Detection device 11 Heater heat transfer valve 12 heater temperature tstart Temperature at start of heating phase ^ End Temperature at end of heating phase (desired set temperature) dsow Desired temperature dist Measured temperature tstart Time at start of heating phase tEnd Time at end of heating phase d (t) Differential equation, transfer function hdm heat , opening of a heater valve VZ Heating surface supply mode

Aiog Heater Oven Temperature

Claims (12)

A method for detecting the hydraulic balancing of a heating system (2) with heaters (3) connected via a fluid flow system (4), wherein for each heater (3) a characteristic value indicating the thermal dynamics of one of the heaters is detected. (3) heated space and the characteristic values of several heaters (3) and / or several successive characteristic values of one heater (3) are compared mutually to recognize a hydraulic over or under supply of a heater (3), characterized in that a room temperature increase is set and as a characteristic value a heating dynamic (ktherm) is detected which is detected by the setting of a room temperature increase and a measurement of the time required for the heating or as the characteristic value the dead time (ten) is used between the setting for the increase. of the room temperature (θ) and the onset of a heating process. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that, as an additional characteristic value, the temporal change of heater temperatures (Q, Διο9) and / or heater supply conditions (VZ) is used, the heater supply condition (VZ) being one from a heater temperature {&amp; (Aiog) and / or derived from the valve position of the heater (3) indicating the heating demand of the heater (3). Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating process is represented by a first, second or higher order dynamic transfer function and / or differential equation D (£) and the parameters of the transfer function and / or differential equation D (£). is estimated by means of identification methods and from there the heating duration and / or the start time of the heating phase are calculated before the desired value jump and the heating dynamics (ktherm) Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the characteristic values are detected simultaneously for all heaters (3). Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the characteristic values are detected at each temperature change by a heater (3). Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detection of the hydraulic balancing is performed iteratively. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a detection of the hydraulic balancing or the The state of a hydraulic balancing is accomplished especially by regulating the fluid flow through individual heaters (3) upon recognition of a hydraulic over or under supply of the heater (3). 8. A system for detecting a hydraulic balancing of a heater (2) with fluid flow heaters (3) with a detection device (10, 13) for detecting the room temperature (θ) in a space heater (3), a heater temperature ( θ) and / or valve position (h) for a heater valve, a calculation unit (1) for determining a characteristic value indicating the thermal dynamics of a space heated by the heater (3) from the detected room temperature (d), heater temperature (θ) and / or valve position (h) and a comparison device for comparing a characteristic value with the characteristic values of other heaters (3) and / or several successive characteristic values of a heater (3), characterized in that the calculator (1) and the comparator are arranged for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7. System according to claim 8, characterized in that the detection device is integrated in a heat cost distributor (13) and / or a single room temperature controller (10). System according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the computing unit (1) is integrated in a single room controller and / or a heat cost detection device and / or a central control unit (12). System according to claim 10, characterized in that several single room temperature controllers (10), consumption value detection devices (13) and / or the central control unit (12) for a heating circuit communicate with each other. System according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that a control device is provided for exercising a hydraulic balancing, in particular when adjusting the valve opening (h) for a heater valve (11).